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<span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideological_opposition_to_Zionism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideological_opposition_to_Zionism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ideological opposition to Zionism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideological_opposition_to_Zionism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Military service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable figures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_figures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span 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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="صهيونية دينية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صهيونية دينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionisme_religi%C3%B3s" title="Sionisme religiós – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sionisme religiós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEensk%C3%BD_sionismus" title="Náboženský sionismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Náboženský sionismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seioniaeth_grefyddol" title="Seioniaeth grefyddol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Seioniaeth grefyddol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B6ser_Zionismus" title="Religiöser Zionismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Religiöser Zionismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_religioso" title="Sionismo religioso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sionismo religioso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B0%D9%87%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="صهیونیسم مذهبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صهیونیسم مذهبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionisme_religieux" title="Sionisme religieux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sionisme religieux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionisme_religius" title="Zionisme religius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zionisme religius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_religioso" title="Sionismo religioso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sionismo religioso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="ציונות דתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציונות דתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რელიგიური სიონიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიგიური სიონიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="صهيونيه دينيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صهيونيه دينيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religieus_zionisme" title="Religieus zionisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Religieus zionisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syjonizm_religijny" title="Syjonizm religijny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Syjonizm religijny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sionismo_religioso" title="Sionismo religioso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sionismo religioso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Религиозный сионизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религиозный сионизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Religious Zionism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Религијски ционизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Религијски ционизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%B6s_sionism" title="Religiös sionism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Religiös sionism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சமய சீயோனிசம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமய சீயோனிசம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%AE_Siyonizm" title="Dinî Siyonizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dinî Siyonizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Релігійний сіонізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Релігійний сіонізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗教錫安主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宗教錫安主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1577041#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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title="Mamlachti dati">Mamlachti dati</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ideology that views Zionism as a fundamental component of Orthodox Judaism</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_Day.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_Day.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jerusalem_Day.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Religious Zionists celebrating <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Religious Zionism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">צִיּוֹנוּת דָּתִית</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Tziyonut Datit</i></span>) is a religious denomination that views <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> as a fundamental component of <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>. Its adherents are also referred to as <i><b>Dati Leumi</b></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">דָּתִי לְאֻמִּי</span></span>, 'National Religious'), and in Israel, they are most commonly known by the plural form of the first part of that term: <i><b>Datiim</b></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">דתיים</span></span>, 'Religious'). The community is sometimes called 'Knitted <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a>' (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">כִּפָּה סְרוּגָה</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Kippah seruga</i></span>), the typical head covering worn by male adherents to Religious Zionism. </p><p>Before the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, most Religious Zionists were observant Jews who supported Zionist efforts to build a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>. Religious Zionism revolves around three pillars: the Land of Israel, the <a href="/wiki/People_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Israel">People of Israel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">חרדי לאומי</span></span>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Ḥaredi Le'umi</i></span>, 'Nationalist <a href="/wiki/Haredi" class="mw-redirect" title="Haredi">Haredi</a>') are a sub-community, stricter in its observance, and more statist in its politics. Those Religious Zionists who are less strict in their observance – although not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism#Ideological_spectrum" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">more liberal</a> in their politics – are informally referred to as "<i>dati</i> lite".<sup id="cite_ref-spectrum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectrum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot;%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_7273_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99quot%3B%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>Religious Zionist pioneers found Kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Ein_HaNatziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein HaNatziv">Ein HaNatziv</a>, 1946</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg/220px-%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg/330px-%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg/440px-%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%94-JNF000881.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kvutzat_Yavne" title="Kvutzat Yavne">Kvutzat Yavne</a>, 1945</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1862, German Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer" title="Zvi Hirsch Kalischer">Zvi Hirsch Kalischer</a> published his tractate <i>Derishat Zion</i>, positing that the salvation of the Jews, promised by the <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Prophets</a>, can come about only by self-help.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shmuel_Glasner" title="Moshe Shmuel Glasner">Moshe Shmuel Glasner</a> was another prominent rabbi who supported Zionism. The main ideologue of modern Religious Zionism was Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Abraham Isaac Kook</a>, who justified Zionism according to <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish law</a>, and urged young religious Jews to support efforts to settle the land, and the secular <a href="/wiki/Labour_Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Zionist">Labour Zionists</a> to give more consideration to Judaism. Kook saw Zionism as a part of a divine scheme which would result in the resettlement of the Jewish people in its homeland. This would bring Geula ("salvation") to Jews, and then to the entire world. After world harmony is achieved by the re-foundation of the Jewish homeland, the <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> will come. Although this has not yet happened, Kook emphasized that it would take time, and that the ultimate redemption happens in stages, often not apparent while happening. In 1924, when Kook became the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi" title="Chief Rabbi">Chief Rabbi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, he tried to reconcile Zionism with <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg/170px-Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg/255px-Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg/340px-Abraham_Isaac_Kook_1924.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2149" data-file-height="3515" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Abraham Isaac Kook</a>, 1924</figcaption></figure> <p>Religious Zionists believe that <i><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Eretz Israel</a></i> (the Land of Israel) was promised to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a>. Furthermore, modern Jews have the obligation to possess and defend the land in ways that comport with the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>'s high standards of <a href="/wiki/Justice#Abrahamic_justice" title="Justice">justice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To generations of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">diaspora Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> has been a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> and of their return to it, as promised by God in numerous <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical prophecies</a>. Despite this, many Jews did not embrace Zionism before the 1930s, and certain religious groups opposed it then, as some groups still do now, on the grounds that an attempt to re-establish Jewish rule in Israel by <a href="/wiki/Human_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Human agency">human agency</a> was blasphemous. Hastening salvation and the coming of the Messiah was considered religiously forbidden, and Zionism was seen as a sign of disbelief in God's power, and therefore, a rebellion against God. </p><p>Rabbi Kook developed a <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> answer to that claim, which gave Zionism a religious legitimation: "Zionism was not merely a political movement by secular Jews. It was actually a tool of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> to promote His divine scheme, and to initiate the return of the Jews to their homeland – the land He promised to <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>. God wants the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">children of Israel</a> to return to their home in order to establish a Jewish sovereign state in which Jews could live according to the laws of Torah and <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>, and commit the <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvot</a> of Eretz Israel (these are religious commandments which can be performed only in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>). Moreover, to cultivate the Land of Israel was a Mitzvah by itself, and it should be carried out. Therefore, settling <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Israel</a> is an obligation of the religious Jews, and helping Zionism is actually following God's will."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Labour_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Zionism">Socialist Zionism</a> envisaged the movement as a tool for building an advanced <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> society in the land of Israel, while solving the problem of <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a>. The early <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> was a communal settlement that focused on national goals, unencumbered by religion and precepts of Jewish law such as <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kashrut</a>. Socialist Zionists were one of the results of a long process of modernization within the Jewish communities of Europe, known as the <a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a>, or Jewish Enlightenment. Rabbi Kook's answer was as follows:</p><blockquote><p>Secular Zionists may think they do it for political, national, or socialist reasons, but in fact – the actual reason for them coming to resettle in <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretz Israel">Israel</a> is a religious Jewish spark ("Nitzotz") in their <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>, planted by God. Without their knowledge, they are contributing to the divine scheme and actually committing a great <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a>. The role of religious Zionists is to help them to establish a Jewish state and turn the religious spark in them into a great light. They should show them that the real source of Zionism and the longed-for Zion is <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and teach them Torah with love and kindness. In the end, they will understand that the laws of Torah are the key to true harmony and a socialist state (not in the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">meaning</a>) that will be a light for the <a href="/wiki/Goyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Goyim">nations</a> and bring salvation to the world.</p></blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Avineri" title="Shlomo Avineri">Shlomo Avineri</a> explained the last part of Kook's answer: "... and the end of those pioneers, who scout into the blindness of secularism and atheism, but the treasured light inside them leads them into the path of salvation – their end is that from doing Mitzva without purpose, they will do Mitzva with a purpose." (page 222<sup><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Movement#References" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Zionist Movement">1</a></sup>) </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideological_opposition_to_Zionism">Ideological opposition to Zionism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ideological opposition to Zionism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some Haredi Jews view establishing Jewish sovereignty in the Holy Land before the coming of the Messiah as forbidden, as a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a>. This would apply whether those who established this sovereignty were religious or secular.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another reason Haredi Jews opposed Zionism that had nothing to do with the establishment of a state or immigration to Palestine was the ideology of secular Zionism itself. Zionism's goal was first and foremost a transformation of the Jewish People from a religious society – whose sole shared characteristic was the Torah – into a political nationality, with a common land, language, and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Elchonon_Wasserman" title="Elchonon Wasserman">Elchonon Wasserman</a> said:</p><blockquote><p>The nationalist concept of the Jewish people as an ethnic or nationalistic entity has no place among us, and it's nothing but a foreign implant into Judaism; it is nothing but idolatry. And its younger sister, "religious nationalism (l'umis datis)", is idol worship that combines Hashem's name and heresy together (avodah zarah b'shituf).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Brisker" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaim Brisker">Chaim Brisker</a> said, "The Zionists have already won because they got the Jews to look at themselves as a nation."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sholom_Dovber_Schneersohn" title="Sholom Dovber Schneersohn">Sholom Dovber Schneersohn</a>, also known as the Rebbe Rashab, was the fifth Lubavitcher Rebbe. He opposed both secular and religious <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>. In 1903, he published <i>Kuntres Uma'ayan</i>, which included a strong criticism against Zionism. He was concerned that nationalism would replace Judaism as the basis of Jewish identity.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rav Elyashiv also denounced the actions of religious Jews joining Zionist organizations as separating from authentic Judaism. In 2010, Rav Elyashiv published a letter criticizing the Shas Party for joining the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a> (WZO)<i>.</i> He wrote that the Party "is turning its back on the basics of Charedi Jewry of the past hundred years. He compared this move to the decision of the Mizrachi movement to join the WZO [over one hundred years ago], which was the deciding factor in their separation from authentic Torah Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg/100px-Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg/150px-Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg/200px-Bnei_akiva_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a> youth movement, combining Torah and work</figcaption></figure> <p>The first rabbis to support Zionism were <a href="/wiki/Judah_Alkalai" title="Judah Alkalai">Yehuda Shlomo Alkalai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer" title="Zvi Hirsch Kalischer">Zvi Hirsch Kalischer</a>. They argued that the change in the status of <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>'s Jews following <a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">emancipation</a> was the first step toward redemption (גאולה), and that, therefore, one must hasten the messianic salvation by a natural salvation – whose main pillars are the <i><a href="/wiki/Kibbutz_Galuyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibbutz Galuyot">Kibbutz Galuyot</a></i> ("Gathering of the Exiles"), the return to Eretz Israel, agricultural work (עבודת אדמה), and the revival of the everyday use of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(Religious_Zionism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizrachi (Religious Zionism)">Mizrachi</a> organization was established in 1902 in <a href="/wiki/Vilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilna">Vilna</a> at a world conference of Religious Zionists. It operates a <a href="/wiki/Zionist_youth_movement" title="Zionist youth movement">youth movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a>, which was founded in 1929. Mizrachi believes that the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> should be at the centre of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a>, a sentiment expressed in the Mizrachi Zionist slogan <i>Am Yisrael B'Eretz Yisrael al pi Torat Yisrael</i> ("The people of Israel in the land of Israel according to the Torah of Israel"). It also sees Jewish nationalism as a tool for achieving religious objectives. Mizrachi was the first official Religious Zionist party. It also built a network of religious schools that exist to this day. </p><p>In 1937–1948, the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Religious Kibbutz Movement">Religious Kibbutz Movement</a> established three settlement blocs of three kibbutzim each. The first was in the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shean" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Shean">Beit Shean</a> Valley, the second was in the <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> mountains south of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Gush_Etzion" title="Gush Etzion">Gush Etzion</a>), and the third was in the western <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>. Kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a> was founded in the center of the country as the core of a fourth bloc that came into being after the establishment of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Labor_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Movement">Labor Movement</a> wing of Religious Zionism, founded in 1921 under the Zionist slogan "Torah va'Avodah" (Torah and Labor), was called <a href="/wiki/HaPoel_HaMizrachi" class="mw-redirect" title="HaPoel HaMizrachi">HaPoel HaMizrachi</a>. It represented religiously traditional <a href="/wiki/Labour_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Zionism">Labour Zionists</a>, both in Europe and in the Land of Israel, where it represented religious Jews in the <a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a>. In 1956, Mizrachi, HaPoel HaMizrachi, and other religious Zionists formed the <a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a> to advance the rights of religious Zionist Jews in Israel. The National Religious Party (NRP) operated as an independent political party until the 2003 elections. In the 2006 elections, the NRP merged with the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a> (HaIchud HaLeumi). In the 2009 elections, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Home">Jewish Home</a> (HaBayit HaYehudi) was formed in place of the NRP.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parties and groups affiliated with religious Zionism are <a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tkuma_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tkuma (political party)">Tkuma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meimad" title="Meimad">Meimad</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a>, a radical branch of religious Zionism, was founded by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a>, whose party, <a href="/wiki/Kach_and_Kahane_Chai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach and Kahane Chai">Kach</a>, was eventually banned from the Knesset. Today, <a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a> and the Religious Zionism Party are the leading Dati Leumi parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_institutions">Educational institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG/220px-Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG/330px-Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG/440px-Mercaz_HaRav01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercaz_Harav" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercaz Harav">Mercaz Harav</a>, Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg/220px-Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg/330px-Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg/440px-Shiur_Klali_in_Yeshivas_Kerem_B%27Yavne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Bet Midrash, Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_(21004322376).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg/220px-Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg/330px-Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg/440px-Biu_Aerial_photograph_of_Bar-Ilan_University_%2821004322376%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4864" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Bar-Ilan University</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulpana_sicha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg/220px-Ulpana_sicha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg/330px-Ulpana_sicha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Ulpana_sicha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Ulpana students</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg/220px-Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg/330px-Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg/440px-Kfar_Hroeh_1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Kfar Haroeh, c. 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>The flagship religious institution of the Religious Zionist movement is the <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> founded by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook in 1924, called in his honor "<a href="/wiki/Mercaz_haRav" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercaz haRav">Mercaz haRav</a>" (lit., the Rabbi's center). Other Religious Zionist yeshivot include <a href="/wiki/Ateret_Cohanim" title="Ateret Cohanim">Ateret Cohanim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beit_El_yeshiva" title="Beit El yeshiva">Beit El yeshiva</a>, and Yeshivat <a href="/wiki/Or_Etzion" class="mw-redirect" title="Or Etzion">Or Etzion</a>, founded by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Haim_Druckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Haim Druckman">Haim Druckman</a>, a foremost disciple of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Tzvi_Yehuda_Kook" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzvi Yehuda Kook">Tzvi Yehuda Kook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Machon_Meir" title="Machon Meir">Machon Meir</a> is specifically <a href="/wiki/Baal_Teshuva" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal Teshuva">outreach</a>-focused. </p><p>There are approximately 90 <i><a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a></i> yeshivot, allowing students to continue their <a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a> during their National Service (see <a href="#Military_service">below</a>). The first of these was <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Kerem_B%27Yavneh" title="Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh">Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh</a>, established in 1954; the largest is the <a href="/wiki/Hesder_Yeshiva_of_Sderot" title="Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot">Hesder Yeshiva of Sderot</a>, with over 800 students. Others which are well known include <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Har_Etzion" title="Yeshivat Har Etzion">Yeshivat Har Etzion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_HaKotel" title="Yeshivat HaKotel">Yeshivat HaKotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Birkat_Moshe" title="Yeshivat Birkat Moshe">Yeshivat Birkat Moshe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maale_Adumim" class="mw-redirect" title="Maale Adumim">Maale Adumim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Har_Bracha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva Har Bracha">Yeshivat Har Bracha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Sha%27alvim" title="Yeshivat Sha'alvim">Yeshivat Sha'alvim</a>, and Yeshivat Har Hamor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These institutions usually offer a <a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">kollel</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Semikha" class="mw-redirect" title="Semikha">Semikha</a></i>, or Rabbinic ordination. Students generally prepare for the <i>Semikha</i> test of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Chief Rabbinate of Israel</a> (the "Rabbanut"); until his passing in 2020, often for that of the <a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">posek</a> R. <a href="/wiki/Zalman_Nechemia_Goldberg" title="Zalman Nechemia Goldberg">Zalman Nechemia Goldberg</a>. Training as a <a href="/wiki/Dayan_(rabbinic_judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayan (rabbinic judge)">Dayan (rabbinic judge)</a> in this community is usually through <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" class="extiw" title="he:מכון אריאל"><i>Machon Ariel</i></a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Machon_Harry_Fischel" class="mw-redirect" title="Machon Harry Fischel">Machon Harry Fischel</a></i>), also founded by Rav Kook, or <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9C)" class="extiw" title="he:ארץ חמדה (כולל)"><i>Kollel Eretz Hemda</i></a>; the Chief Rabbinate also commonly. The <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%A8%22%D7%A5" class="extiw" title="he:בית מדרש מר"ץ">Meretz Kollel</a> has trained hundreds of community Rabbis. </p><p>Women study in institutions which are known as <a href="/wiki/Midrasha" title="Midrasha"><i>Midrashot</i></a> (sing.: Midrasha) – prominent examples are <a href="/wiki/Midreshet_Ein_HaNetziv" class="mw-redirect" title="Midreshet Ein HaNetziv">Midreshet Ein HaNetziv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Migdal_Oz_(seminary)" title="Migdal Oz (seminary)">Migdal Oz</a>. These are usually attended for one year either before or after <i><a href="/wiki/Sherut_leumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherut leumi">sherut leumi</a></i>. Various <i>midrashot</i> offer parallel degree coursework, and they may then be known as a <i>machon</i>. The Midrashot focus on <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (Hebrew Bible) and <i>Machshavah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jewish_thought" title="Jewish thought">Jewish thought</a>); some offer specialized training in Halakha: <a href="/wiki/Nishmat_(midrasha)" title="Nishmat (midrasha)">Nishmat</a> certifies women as <a href="/wiki/Yoetzet_Halacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoetzet Halacha"><i>Yoatzot Halacha</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Midreshet_Lindenbaum" title="Midreshet Lindenbaum">Midreshet Lindenbaum</a> as <a href="/wiki/Toanot_Rabniyot" title="Toanot Rabniyot"><i>to'anot</i></a>; Lindenbaum, <a href="/wiki/Matan_Women%27s_Institute_for_Torah_Studies" title="Matan Women's Institute for Torah Studies">Matan</a>, and Ein HaNetziv offer Talmud-intensive programs in rabbinic-level halakha. Community education programs are offered by <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_-_%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" class="extiw" title="he:אמונה - תנועת האשה הדתית לאומית"><i>Emunah</i></a>, and Matan, across the country. </p><p>For degree studies, many attend <a href="/wiki/Bar_Ilan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Ilan University">Bar Ilan University</a>, which allows students to combine Torah study with university study, especially through its <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:המכון הגבוה לתורה"><i>Machon HaGavoah LeTorah</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_College_of_Technology" title="Jerusalem College of Technology">Jerusalem College of Technology</a> similarly (which also offers a Haredi track). There are also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_universities_and_colleges#Colleges" title="List of Israeli universities and colleges">several colleges of education</a> which are associated with the <i>Hesder</i> and the <i>Midrashot</i>, such as <a href="/wiki/Herzog_College" title="Herzog College">Herzog College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talpiot_College_of_Education" title="Talpiot College of Education">Talpiot</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lifshitz_College_of_Education" title="Lifshitz College of Education">Lifshitz College of Education</a>. These colleges often offer (<a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's level</a>) specializations in Tanakh and <i>Machshava</i>. </p><p>High school students study at <i>Mamlachti Dati</i> (religious state) schools, <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> often associated with <i><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These schools offer intensive Torah study alongside the <a href="/wiki/Bagrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrut">matriculation syllabus</a>, and emphasize tradition and observance; see <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Israel#Educational_tracks" title="Education in Israel">Education in Israel § Educational tracks</a>. The first of these schools was established at <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Haroeh" title="Kfar Haroeh">Kfar Haroeh</a> by <a href="/wiki/Moshe-Zvi_Neria" title="Moshe-Zvi Neria">Moshe-Zvi Neria</a> in 1939; "<a href="/wiki/Yashlatz" title="Yashlatz">Yashlatz</a>", associated with Mercaz HaRav, was founded in 1964, and predates several schools similarly linked to <i>Hesder yeshivot</i>, such as that at Sha'alvim; see also the school-networks <a href="/wiki/AMIT" title="AMIT">AMIT</a> and <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)#תחכמוני_בארץ_ישראל" class="extiw" title="he:תחכמוני (בית ספר)">Tachkemoni</a>. Today, there are 60 such institutions, with more than 20,000 students. A <i>Dati Leumi</i> girls' high school is referred to as an "<i><a href="/wiki/Ulpana" title="Ulpana">Ulpana</a></i>"; a boys’ high school is a <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" class="extiw" title="he:ישיבה תיכונית">"<i>Yeshiva Tichonit</i>"</a>. </p><p>Some institutions are aligned with the <i>Hardal</i> community, with an ideology that is somewhat more "statist". The leading Yeshiva here is <a href="/wiki/Har_Hamor" title="Har Hamor">Har Hamor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hardal#Schools" title="Hardal">several high schools</a> also operate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Category:Conservatism in Israel">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Israel</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Jewish fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_conceptions_of_Jewish_identity_in_Zionism" title="Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietzschean_Zionism" title="Nietzschean Zionism">Nietzschean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral worship">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arabism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Arabism">Anti-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Islamism">Anti-Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Hebrew revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland for the Jewish people</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Christianity">Judeo-Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish supremacism">Jewish supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah#Zionist_aliyah_(1882_on)" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begin_Doctrine" title="Begin Doctrine">Begin Doctrine</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Gadna_(Israel)" title="Gadna (Israel)">Gadna</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism#Judaism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Eldad" title="Israel Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Ginsburgh" title="Yitzchak Ginsburgh">Ginsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ha'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klein" title="Aaron Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Levin" title="Yuval Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Lieberman" title="Saul Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ruppin" title="Arthur Ruppin">Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(rabbi)" title="David Samson (rabbi)">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Talmon" title="Jacob Talmon">Talmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Eitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Peretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Smotrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavam_Ze%27evi" title="Rehavam Ze'evi">Ze'evi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Wall_(essay)" title="Iron Wall (essay)">Iron Wall</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Israel" title="The Case for Israel">The Case for Israel</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Defending_Identity" title="Defending Identity">Defending Identity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Nationalism" title="The Virtue of Nationalism">The Virtue of Nationalism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservatism:_A_Rediscovery" title="Conservatism: A Rediscovery">Conservatism: A Rediscovery</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2022)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Israel)" title="New Right (Israel)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_Shelanu" title="Eretz Yisrael Shelanu">Eretz Yisrael Shelanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatikva_(political_party)" title="Hatikva (political party)">Hatikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moledet" title="Moledet">Moledet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehiya" title="Tehiya">Tehiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right-Wing_Parties" title="Union of Right-Wing Parties">Union of Right-Wing Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamina" title="Yamina">Yamina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im_Tirtzu" title="Im Tirtzu">Im Tirtzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Internet_Defense_Force" title="Jewish Internet Defense Force">Jewish Internet Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohelet_Policy_Forum" title="Kohelet Policy Forum">Kohelet Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machon_Meir" title="Machon Meir">Machon Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercaz_Olami" title="Mercaz Olami">Mercaz Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Israel" title="My Israel">My Israel</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhigut_Yehudit" title="Manhigut Yehudit">Manhigut Yehudit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mida_(website)" title="Mida (website)">Mida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_from_military_service_in_Israel" title="Exemption from military service in Israel">Non-conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torato_Umanuto" title="Torato Umanuto">Torato Umanuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Israel" title="Far-right politics in Israel">Far-right politics in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Judaism</a></li> <li>Immigration to Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Israel" title="African immigration to Israel">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_and_Entry_into_Israel_Law" title="Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law">Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Infiltration_Law" title="Prevention of Infiltration Law">Prevention of Infiltration Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_tag_attack_policy" title="Price tag attack policy">Price tag attack policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_camp" title="National camp">National camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Most Religious Zionists embrace <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> politics, especially the religious right-wing <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Home">Jewish Home</a> party and more recently the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a>, but many also support the mainstream right-wing <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>. There are also some left-wing Religious Zionists, such as Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Michael_Melchior" title="Michael Melchior">Michael Melchior</a>, whose views were represented by the <a href="/wiki/Meimad" title="Meimad">Meimad</a> party (which ran together with the <a href="/wiki/Labor_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor (Israel)">Israeli Labor party</a>). Many Israeli <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">settlers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> are Religious Zionists, along with most of the settlers forcibly expelled from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> in August and September 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg/220px-IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg/330px-IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg/440px-IDF_soldier_put_on_tefillin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="3325" /></a><figcaption>Second-Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Asael_Lubotzky" title="Asael Lubotzky">Asael Lubotzky</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> field commander during <a href="/wiki/Second_Lebanon_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Lebanon War">Second Lebanon War</a>, prays with <a href="/wiki/Tefilin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tefilin">tefilin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Generally, all adult Jewish males and females in Israel are obligated to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a>. Certain segments of Orthodoxy defer their service, in order to engage in full-time <a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a> for purpose of spiritual development in unison with warfare. Religious Zionist belief advocates that both are critical to Jewish survival and prosperity. </p><p>For this reason, many Religious Zionist men take part in the <a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a> program, a concept conceived by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Amital" title="Yehuda Amital">Yehuda Amital</a> which allows military service to be combined with <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">yeshiva</a> studies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some others attend a pre-army <a href="/wiki/Mechina" title="Mechina">Mechina</a> educational program, delaying their service by one year. 88% of Hesder students belong to combat units, compared to a national average of below 30%. Students at <a href="/wiki/Mercaz_HaRav" title="Mercaz HaRav">Mercaz HaRav</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a> yeshivot, undertake their service through a modified form of Hesder. </p><p>While some Religious Zionist women serve in the army, most choose national service, known as <a href="/wiki/Sherut_Leumi" title="Sherut Leumi">Sherut Leumi</a>, instead (working at hospitals, schools, and day-care centers).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2010, the IDF held a special conference which was attended by the heads of Religious Zionism, in order to encourage female Religious Zionists to join the IDF. The IDF undertook that all modesty and kosher issues will be handled, in order to make female Religious Zionists comfortable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dress">Dress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hashkafa#Head_covering:_kippah" title="Hashkafa">Hashkafa § Head covering: kippah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tzniut#Dress" title="Tzniut">Tzniut § Dress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tzniut#Hair_covering" title="Tzniut">Tzniut § Hair covering</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/220px-%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/330px-%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/440px-%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Beit_HaShoeivah" title="Simchat Beit HaShoeivah">Simchat Beit HaShoeivah</a> at Mercaz HaRav. The participants are dressed as typical for Shabbat.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg/220px-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg/330px-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg/440px-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Shiur, <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94%D7%95" class="extiw" title="he:ישיבת מעלה אליהו">Tel Aviv Yeshiva</a>; the larger <a href="/wiki/Kippot" class="mw-redirect" title="Kippot">Kippot</a> seen here, are more common amongst Yeshiva students, and Hardal.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg/220px-MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg/330px-MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg/440px-MK-Orit-Strouk-20140326_123521.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2063" data-file-height="2932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Knesset" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Knesset">MK</a> <a href="/wiki/Orit_Strook" title="Orit Strook">Orit Strook</a>; the head covering and the sleeves are typical for the very religious; see also the above picture of <i>ulpana</i> students, and the picture at top for the longer, looser skirts described.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg/220px-Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg/330px-Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg/440px-Rabbi_Yehuda_Henkin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2829" data-file-height="4242" /></a><figcaption>Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Henkin" title="Yehuda Henkin">Yehuda Henkin</a>; a dark suit is typical for a Religious Zionist <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosh Yeshiva">Rosh Yeshiva</a> or other (senior) Rabbi, and for other Rabbis on Shabbat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Religious Zionists are often called <i>Kippot sruggot</i>, or "sruggim", in reference to the knitted or crocheted <i><a href="/wiki/Kippot" class="mw-redirect" title="Kippot">kippot</a></i> (skullcaps; sing. <i>kippah</i>) which are worn by the men (although some of the men wear other types of head coverings, such as black velvet <i>kippot</i>). Otherwise – particularly for the "dati lite" – their style of dress is largely the same as secular Israelis, with <a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">jeans</a> less common; on <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>, they wear a stereotypically white <a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress shirt</a> (recently a <a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo shirt</a> in some sectors), and often a white <i>kippah</i>. Women usually wear (long) skirts, and often cover their hair, usually with a hair accessory, as opposed to a <i><a href="/wiki/Sheitel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheitel">sheitel</a></i> (wig) in the Haredi style. </p><p>In the <i>Hardal</i> community, the dress is generally more formal, with an emphasis on appearing neat. The kippot, which are also knitted, are significantly larger, and it is common for <a href="/wiki/Tzitzit" title="Tzitzit">tzitzit</a> to be visibly worn, in keeping with the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> practice; <i><a href="/wiki/Payot" title="Payot">payot</a></i> (sidelocks) are similarly common, as is an (untrimmed) beard. Women invariably cover their hair – usually with a <a href="/wiki/Snood_(headgear)" title="Snood (headgear)">snood</a>, or a <i>mitpachat</i> (Hebrew for "kerchief") – and often wear sandals; their skirts are longer and looser fitting. On Shabbat, men often wear a (blue) suit – <a href="/wiki/Suit#Western_world" title="Suit">atypical in Israel</a> outside the Haredi world – and a large white crocheted <i>kippah</i>. </p><p>At prayer, the members of the community typically use the <a href="/wiki/Koren_Siddur" title="Koren Siddur">Koren Siddur</a> or the <i><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Yisrael" title="Rinat Yisrael">Rinat Yisrael</a></i>. Homes often have on their bookshelves a set of the <a href="/wiki/Steinsaltz_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Steinsaltz Talmud">Steinsaltz Talmud</a> (much as <a href="/wiki/Schottenstein_Edition_of_the_Babylonian_Talmud" title="Schottenstein Edition of the Babylonian Talmud">the Artscroll</a> is to be found in American <i>Haredi</i> homes), <a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Kehati" title="Pinchas Kehati"><i>Mishnah</i> with Kehati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah#Study" title="Mishneh Torah"><i>Rambam La'Am</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed#Published_works" title="Eliezer Melamed">Peninei Halakha</a>, and/or <a href="/wiki/Halakha#Codes_of_Jewish_law" title="Halakha"><i>Tzurba M'Rabanan</i></a>; as well as a selection of the numerous popular books by leading <i>Dati Leumi</i> figures on the <a href="/wiki/Weekly_parsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekly parsha">weekly parsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish festivals">the festivals</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hashkafa" title="Hashkafa">hashkafa</a></i> (discussions on Jewish thought). Similar to Haredi families, more religious homes will also have all of <a href="/wiki/Judaism#Religious_texts" title="Judaism">"The Traditional Jewish Bookshelf"</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_figures">Notable figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbis">Rabbis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rabbis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Amital" title="Yehuda Amital">Yehuda Amital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Ariel" title="Yaakov Ariel">Yaakov Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Ariel" title="Yisrael Ariel">Yisrael Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Aviner" title="Shlomo Aviner">Shlomo Aviner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Bar-Ilan" title="Meir Bar-Ilan">Meir Bar-Ilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoel_Bin-Nun" title="Yoel Bin-Nun">Yoel Bin-Nun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oury_Amos_Cherki" title="Oury Amos Cherki">Oury Amos Cherki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/She%27ar_Yashuv_Cohen" title="She'ar Yashuv Cohen">She'ar Yashuv Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah_Drori" title="Zephaniah Drori">Zephaniah Drori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Eliyahu" title="Mordechai Eliyahu">Mordechai Eliyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Gigi" title="Baruch Gigi">Baruch Gigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Goren" title="Shlomo Goren">Shlomo Goren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_HaLevi_Herzog" title="Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog">Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hirsch_Kalischer" title="Zvi Hirsch Kalischer">Zvi Hirsch Kalischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yitzchak_Kook" class="mw-redirect" title="Avraham Yitzchak Kook">Avraham Yitzchak Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Yehuda_Kook" title="Zvi Yehuda Kook">Zvi Yehuda Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Lichtenstein" title="Aharon Lichtenstein">Aharon Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosheh_Lichtenstein" title="Mosheh Lichtenstein">Mosheh Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dov_Lior" title="Dov Lior">Dov Lior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaaqov_Medan" title="Yaaqov Medan">Yaaqov Medan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Baruch_Melamed" title="Zalman Baruch Melamed">Zalman Baruch Melamd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Melamed" title="Eliezer Melamed">Eliezer Melamed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe-Zvi_Neria" title="Moshe-Zvi Neria">Moshe-Zvi Neria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Rabinovitch" title="Nahum Rabinovitch">Nahum Rabinovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Riskin" title="Shlomo Riskin">Shlomo Riskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Sabato" title="Haim Sabato">Haim Sabato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Sadan" title="Eli Sadan">Eli Sadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(rabbi)" title="David Samson (rabbi)">David Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Shapira" title="Avraham Shapira">Avraham Shapira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Soloveitchik" title="Joseph B. Soloveitchik">Joseph B. Soloveitchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Thau" title="Zvi Thau">Zvi Thau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Yisraeli" title="Shaul Yisraeli">Shaul Yisraeli</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politicians">Politicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ben-Ari" title="Michael Ben-Ari">Michael Ben-Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Yosef Burg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Drukman" title="Haim Drukman">Haim Drukman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Yuli Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Effi Eitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Feiglin" title="Moshe Feiglin">Moshe Feiglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Glick" class="mw-redirect" title="Yehuda Glick">Yehuda Glick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Hacohen" title="Menachem Hacohen">Menachem Hacohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Meir Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Maoz" title="Avi Maoz">Avi Maoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Marzel" title="Baruch Marzel">Baruch Marzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Orbach" title="Uri Orbach">Uri Orbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Orlev" title="Zevulun Orlev">Zevulun Orlev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Rafi Peretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanan_Porat" title="Hanan Porat">Hanan Porat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Bezalel Smotrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elazar_Stern" title="Elazar Stern">Elazar Stern</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriana_Kemp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriana Kemp (page does not exist)">Adriana Kemp</a>, <i>Israelis in Conflict: Hegemonies, Identities, and Challenges</i>, Sussex Academic Press, 2004, pp. 314–315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spectrum-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spectrum_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adina Newberg (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biu.ac.il/soc/ijjer/pdf_05-6/new/6_7.1_Elu_v_Elu.pdf">Elu v'Elu: Towards Integration of Identity and Multiple Narratives in the Jewish Renewal Sector in Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201224222158/https://www.biu.ac.il/soc/ijjer/pdf_05-6/new/6_7.1_Elu_v_Elu.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-12-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>International Journal of Jewish Education Research</i>, 2013 (5–6), 231–278); Chaim Cohen (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/16907">Torah Sociology: Dati Torani and Dati Liberal – Is Dialogue Desirable?</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_National_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel National News">Israel National News</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=56&letter=K">Zvi Hirsch Kalischer</a> (Jewish Encyclopedia)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Novak, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mosaicmagazine.com/response/politics-current-affairs/2020/01/what-unites-people-of-faith-across-religions-and-divides-them-from-others/">"What Unites People of Faith across Religions, and Divides Them from Others."</a> <i>Mosaic</i>. 23 January 2020. 23 January 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSamsonTzvi_Fishman1991" class="citation book cs1">Samson, David; Tzvi Fishman (1991). <i>Torat Eretz Yisrael</i>. Jerusalem: Torat Eretz Yisrael Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Torat+Eretz+Yisrael&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Torat+Eretz+Yisrael+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Tzvi+Fishman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro,_Yaakov2018" class="citation book cs1">Shapiro, Yaakov (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1156725117"><i>The empty wagon : Zionism's journey from identity crisis to identity theft</i></a>. pp. 314–319. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64255-554-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64255-554-7"><bdi>978-1-64255-554-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1156725117">1156725117</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+empty+wagon+%3A+Zionism%27s+journey+from+identity+crisis+to+identity+theft&rft.pages=314-319&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1156725117&rft.isbn=978-1-64255-554-7&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1156725117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM.2006" class="citation book cs1">M., Rabkin, Yakov (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1164387257"><i>A threat from within : a century of Jewish opposition to Zionism</i></a>. Fernwood Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-699-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-699-5"><bdi>978-1-84277-699-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1164387257">1164387257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+threat+from+within+%3A+a+century+of+Jewish+opposition+to+Zionism&rft.pub=Fernwood+Pub&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1164387257&rft.isbn=978-1-84277-699-5&rft.aulast=M.&rft.aufirst=Rabkin%2C+Yakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1164387257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wasserman, R. Elchonon. <i>Kovetz Maamarim vol. 1 "Eretz Yisroel"</i> (in Hebrew). p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeler2007–2015" class="citation book cs1">Meler, Shim'on Yosef ben Elimelekh (2007–2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043560561"><i>The Brisker Rav: the life and times of maran hagaon haRav Yitzchok Ze'ev HaLevi Soloveichik</i></a>. Daniel Weiss. Jerusalem: Feldheim Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58330-969-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58330-969-8"><bdi>978-1-58330-969-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1043560561">1043560561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brisker+Rav%3A+the+life+and+times+of+maran+hagaon+haRav+Yitzchok+Ze%27ev+HaLevi+Soloveichik&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Feldheim+Publishers&rft.date=2007%2F2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1043560561&rft.isbn=978-1-58330-969-8&rft.aulast=Meler&rft.aufirst=Shim%27on+Yosef+ben+Elimelekh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1043560561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman2009" class="citation book cs1">Goldman, Shalom (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317929525"><i>Zeal for Zion : Christians, Jews, & the idea of the Promised Land</i></a>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3344-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-3344-5"><bdi>978-0-8078-3344-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/317929525">317929525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zeal+for+Zion+%3A+Christians%2C+Jews%2C+%26+the+idea+of+the+Promised+Land&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F317929525&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-3344-5&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Shalom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F317929525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yated Ne'eman, Parshas Bo, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEss2020" class="citation web cs1">Ess, Em (2020-03-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hefkervelt.blogspot.com/2020/03/an-open-letter-re-wzo-elections-by.html">"Hefkervelt : An Open Letter Re WZO Elections by Harav Aharon Feldman Shlita"</a>. <i>Hefkervelt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hefkervelt&rft.atitle=Hefkervelt+%3A+An+Open+Letter+Re+WZO+Elections+by+Harav+Aharon+Feldman+Shlita&rft.date=2020-03-07&rft.aulast=Ess&rft.aufirst=Em&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhefkervelt.blogspot.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fan-open-letter-re-wzo-elections-by.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Katz_(geographer)" title="Yossi Katz (geographer)">Yossi Katz</a>, "Settlement clustering on a socio-cultural basis: The bloc settlement policy of the Religious Kibbutz Movement in Palestine", <i>Journal of Rural Studies</i>, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 161–171, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.idi.org.il/israeli-elections-and-parties/parties/national-religious-party/">"National Religious Party"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Religious+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.idi.org.il%2Fisraeli-elections-and-parties%2Fparties%2Fnational-religious-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See a listing of forty yeshivot at: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://toravoda.org.il/en/yeshivot-midrashot-general-map-high-school-graduates/">https://toravoda.org.il/en/yeshivot-midrashot-general-map-high-school-graduates/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Hebrew Wikipedia's <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%AA%D7%99" class="extiw" title="he:חינוך ממלכתי דתי">חינוך ממלכתי דתי</a> generally, as well as <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" class="extiw" title="he:ישיבה תיכונית">ישיבה תיכונית</a> and <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:אולפנה">אולפנה</a>, for further discussion, and a listing of schools.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Hebrew Wikipedia's <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91%D7%90" class="extiw" title="he:מרכז ישיבות ואולפנות בני עקיבא">מרכז ישיבות ואולפנות בני עקיבא</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See on army service tracks <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/army-national-service/pre-draft/army-service-programs/">https://www.nbn.org.il//pre-draft/army-service-programs/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For information on Sherut Leumi, see, for e. g., <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nbn.org.il/sherut-leumi-national-service/">https://www.nbn.org.il/sherut-leumi-national-service/</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Avineri" title="Shlomo Avineri">Avineri, Shlomo</a>. <i>The Zionist Idea and Its Variations</i>. <i>Am Oved</i> publishing, chapter 17: "Rabbi Kook — the dialection in salvation".</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAran2004" class="citation book cs1">Aran, Gideon (2004) [1990]. "From Religious Zionism to Zionist Religion". In Goldscheider, Calvin; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ"><i>Social Foundations of Judaism</i></a> (Reprint ed.). Eugene, Or: Wipf and Stock Publ. pp. 259–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59244-943-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-59244-943-3"><bdi>1-59244-943-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Religious+Zionism+to+Zionist+Religion&rft.btitle=Social+Foundations+of+Judaism&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Or&rft.pages=259-282&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publ.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59244-943-3&rft.aulast=Aran&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2TxLAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAran1991" class="citation book cs1">Aran, Gideon (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC&pg=PA265">"Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Bloc of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Emunim)"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Martin_E._Marty" title="Martin E. Marty">Marty, Martin E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/R._Scott_Appleby" title="R. Scott Appleby">Appleby, R. Scott</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC"><i>Fundamentalisms Observed</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism_Project" title="Fundamentalism Project">The Fundamentalism Project</a>, 1. Chicago, Il; London: University of Chicago Press. pp. 265–344. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-50878-1"><bdi>0-226-50878-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jewish+Zionist+Fundamentalism%3A+The+Bloc+of+the+Faithful+in+Israel+%28Gush+Emunim%29&rft.btitle=Fundamentalisms+Observed&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Il%3B+London&rft.series=The+Fundamentalism+Project%2C+1&rft.pages=265-344&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-226-50878-1&rft.aulast=Aran&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqd5yzP5hdiEC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeshenLiebmanShokeid2017" class="citation book cs1">Deshen, Shlomo; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Liebman" title="Charles Liebman">Liebman, Charles S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shokeid" title="Moshe Shokeid">Shokeid, Moshe</a>, eds. (2017) [1995]. "Part 4. Nationalist Orthodoxy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCNHDwAAQBAJ"><i>Israeli Judaism: The Sociology of Religion in Israel</i></a>. Studies of Israeli Society, 7 (Reprint ed.). London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56000-178-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56000-178-2"><bdi>978-1-56000-178-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+4.+Nationalist+Orthodoxy&rft.btitle=Israeli+Judaism%3A+The+Sociology+of+Religion+in+Israel&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.series=Studies+of+Israeli+Society%2C+7&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-56000-178-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCNHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorny2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Gorny" title="Yosef Gorny">Gorny, Yosef</a> (2003) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEyD_MaeqP4C&pg=PA477">"Judaism and Zionism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a>; Avery-Peck, Alan J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEyD_MaeqP4C"><i>The Blackwell Companion to Judaism</i></a> (Reprint ed.). Malden, Mass: Blackwell Publ. pp. 477–494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57718-058-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57718-058-5"><bdi>1-57718-058-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Judaism+and+Zionism&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Judaism&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass&rft.pages=477-494&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publ.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57718-058-5&rft.aulast=Gorny&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEyD_MaeqP4C%26pg%3DPA477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2004" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, Ben (2004) [1990]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA94">"The Rise and Reception of Zionism in the Nineteenth Century"</a>. In Goldscheider, Calvin; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ"><i>Social Foundations of Judaism</i></a> (Reprint ed.). Eugene, Or: Wipf and Stock Publ. pp. 94–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59244-943-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-59244-943-3"><bdi>1-59244-943-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Reception+of+Zionism+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.btitle=Social+Foundations+of+Judaism&rft.place=Eugene%2C+Or&rft.pages=94-113&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publ.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59244-943-3&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2TxLAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a> (1989). <i>Who, Where, and What Is “Israel”? Zionist Perspectives on Israeli and American Judaism.</i> Lanham, Md: University Press of America Studies in Judaism.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeusner1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Neusner" title="Jacob Neusner">Neusner, Jacob</a> (1991). "Judaism outside of Rabbinic Judaism: Zionism". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6M8oxDql1KIC"><i>An Introduction to Judaism: A Textbook and Reader</i></a>. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press. pp. 309–322. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25348-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25348-2"><bdi>0-664-25348-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Judaism+outside+of+Rabbinic+Judaism%3A+Zionism&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Judaism%3A+A+Textbook+and+Reader&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=309-322&rft.pub=Westminster%2FJohn+Knox+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-664-25348-2&rft.aulast=Neusner&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6M8oxDql1KIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaxman2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chaim_I._Waxman" title="Chaim I. Waxman">Waxman, Chaim I.</a>, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.yu.edu/handle/20.500.12202/4529"><i>Religious Zionism Post Disengagement: Future Directions</i></a>. Orthodox Forum Series. New York: Michael Scharf Publ. Trust, Yeshiva University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-022-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60280-022-9"><bdi>978-1-60280-022-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Zionism+Post+Disengagement%3A+Future+Directions&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Orthodox+Forum+Series&rft.pub=Michael+Scharf+Publ.+Trust%2C+Yeshiva+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-60280-022-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.yu.edu%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12202%2F4529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligious+Zionism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Zionism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External 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Leaders</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100122/http://therav.net/gallery/ReligiousZionists8.5x14V14.0.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980421073857/http://www.biu.ac.il/Spokesman/Tolerance/michman.htm">A Historical Look at Religious Zionism</a> by Prof. Dan Michman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?ben-gurion-peace">Original Letters and Manuscripts: Zionism, Ben-Gurion on God's Promises</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612071406/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?ben-gurion-peace">Archived</a> 2014-06-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shapell Manuscript Foundation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kipa.co.il/">"Kipa – House of Religious Zionism" (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031203130559/http://mafdal.org.il/?sid=27">Official National Religious Party website (in English)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041216072651/http://www.mizrachi.org/ideas/view.asp?id=122">Religious Zionism And Modern Orthodoxy</a>, Rav Yosef Blau</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050421213010/http://www.hagshama.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1428">Religious Zionism, Compromise or Ideal?</a>, hagshama.org.il</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afyba.org/">The American Friends of YBA – Supporters of religious Zionist educational movement in Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masortim" title="Masortim">Masortim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Israel" title="Catholic Church in Israel">Catholicism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem_and_Amman" title="Armenian Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Amman">Armenian Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Territory_of_Jerusalem" title="Chaldean Catholic Territory of Jerusalem">Chaldean Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronites_in_Israel" title="Maronites in Israel">Maronites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Haifa_and_the_Holy_Land" title="Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Haifa and the Holy Land">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem_and_Palestine" title="Maronite Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem and Palestine">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li>Melkite Greek Catholic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_Akka" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Archeparchy of Akka">Akka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Patriarchal_Dependent_Territory_of_Jerusalem" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchal Dependent Territory of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Patriarchal_Exarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Syriac Catholic Patriarchal Exarchate of Jerusalem">Syriac Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel#Eastern_Orthodox" title="Christianity in Israel">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Israel" title="Russian Orthodox Church in Israel">Russian Orthodox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel#Oriental_Orthodox" title="Christianity in Israel">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Mark,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of Saint Mark, Jerusalem">Syriac Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Jerusalem" title="Coptic Orthodox Archdiocese of Jerusalem">Coptic Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidane_Mehret_Church,_Jerusalem" title="Kidane Mehret Church, Jerusalem">Ethiopian Tewahedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel#Protestants" title="Christianity in Israel">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Jerusalem" title="Anglican Diocese of Jerusalem">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Christian_movement" title="Hebrew Christian movement">Hebrew Christian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Jordan_and_the_Holy_Land" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Judaism" title="Messianic Judaism">Messianic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templers_(Radical_Pietist_sect)" title="Templers (Radical Pietist sect)">Templers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Lightning" title="Eastern Lightning">The Church of Almighty God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Israel" title="Islam in Israel">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Islam in Israel">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia Islam in Israel">Shia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Israel" title="Ahmadiyya in Israel">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Israel" title="Druze in Israel">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Hebrew_Israelites_in_Israel" title="African Hebrew Israelites in Israel">Black Hebrews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Israel" title="Hinduism in Israel">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Israel" title="Irreligion in Israel">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semitic_neopaganism" title="Semitic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religious_Zionism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religious_Zionism" title="Template:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religious_Zionism" title="Template talk:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religious_Zionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religious Zionism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religious_Zionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious Zionism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Religious Kibbutz Movement">Religious Kibbutz Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardal" title="Hardal">Hardal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Judea" title="State of Judea">State of Judea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Tkuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meimad" title="Meimad">Meimad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrahi Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" title="Hapoel HaMizrachi">Hapoel HaMizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iton_Meyuhad" title="Iton Meyuhad">Iton Meyuhad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tehumin" title="Tehumin">Tehumin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMIT" title="AMIT">AMIT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesder" title="Hesder">Hesder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Oz_(seminary)" title="Migdal Oz (seminary)">Migdal Oz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavneh_Olami" title="Yavneh Olami">Yavneh Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_Zionist_yeshivot" title="Category:Religious Zionist yeshivot">Yeshivot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(religious_Zionism)" title="Mizrachi (religious Zionism)">Mizrachi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionists_of_America" title="Religious Zionists of America">Religious Zionists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzohar_(organization)" title="Tzohar (organization)">Tzohar Rabbinical Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomet_Institute" title="Zomet Institute">Zomet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_Kibbutz_Movement" title="Category:Religious Kibbutz Movement">Kibbutzim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Zionism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zionism" title="Template:Zionism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Zionism" title="Template talk:Zionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Zionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Zionism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Zionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerida" title="Yerida">Yerida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Jewish_state" title="Proposals for a Jewish state">proposals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_and_Stockade" title="Tower and Stockade">Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negation_of_the_Diaspora" title="Negation of the Diaspora">Negation of the Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Revival of the Hebrew language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">Hebraization of surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization" title="Judaization">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zionism-template.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence"><img alt="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/45px-Zionism-template.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/68px-Zionism-template.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Zionism-template.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_Zionism" title="Types of Zionism">Ideologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Zionism" title="Reform Zionism">Reform</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Zionism" title="Federal Zionism">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Zionism" title="Proto-Zionism">Proto-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Zionism" title="Non-Zionism">Non-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanism" title="Canaanism">Canaanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddishist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Golus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Zionist_organizations" title="Category:Zionist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovevei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovevei Zion">Hovevei Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilu_(movement)" title="Bilu (movement)">Bilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_General_Council" title="Zionist General Council">Zionist General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Germany" title="Zionist Federation of Germany">Zionist Federation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_Canada" title="Zionist Organization of Canada">Zionist Organization of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionists_of_America" title="Religious Zionists of America">Religious Zionists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Council" title="Jewish National Council">Jewish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim Dror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaNoar_HaTzioni" title="HaNoar HaTzioni">HaNoar HaTzioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)">Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Romania)" title="Jewish Party (Romania)">Jewish Party (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Resistance_Movement" title="Jewish Resistance Movement">Jewish Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">Women's International Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytzim" title="Aytzim">Aytzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zionist_Movement" title="American Zionist Movement">American Zionist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am_Yisrael_Foundation" title="Am Yisrael Foundation">Am Yisrael Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland">Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fellowship_of_Christians_and_Jews" title="International Fellowship of Christians and Jews">International Fellowship of Christians and Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefesh_B%27Nefesh" title="Nefesh B'Nefesh">Nefesh B'Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Birthright Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">History and<br />timelines</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Aliyah_in_modern_times" title="Chronology of Aliyah in modern times">Chronology of Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">History of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">UN General Assembly Resolution 3379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_46/86" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86">UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Zionism" title="Timeline of Zionism">Timeline of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Day" title="Herzl Day">Herzl Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Day" title="Jabotinsky Day">Jabotinsky Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_Day" title="Ben-Gurion Day">Ben-Gurion Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Day" title="Rabin Day">Rabin Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zionists" title="List of Zionists">List of Zionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_one_inch" title="Not one inch">Not one inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Jewish emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_Judaism" title="Muscular Judaism">Muscular Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Muslim supporters of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_except_Palestine" title="Progressive except Palestine">Progressive except Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zio_(pejorative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zio (pejorative)">Zio (pejorative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpan" title="Ulpan">Ulpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Conservatism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_Orthodox_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Template:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Template talk:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orthodox Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Orthodox_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Orthodox Judaism</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Jews" title="Category:Orthodox Jews">Orthodox Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_rabbis" title="Category:Orthodox rabbis">Rabbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hasidic_dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hasidic dynasties">Hasidic dynasties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiur" title="Shiur">Shiur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavrusa" title="Chavrusa">Chavrusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavurah" title="Chavurah">Chavurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesivta" title="Mesivta">Mesivta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bais_Yaakov" title="Bais Yaakov">Bais Yaakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umesorah_%E2%80%93_National_Society_for_Hebrew_Day_Schools" title="Torah Umesorah – National Society for Hebrew Day Schools">Torah Umesorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinuch_Atzmai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinuch Atzmai">Chinuch Atzmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism_outreach" title="Orthodox Judaism outreach">Orthodox Jewish outreach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism (UTJ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union (NU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam (political party)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Faction" title="Jerusalem Faction">Jerusalem Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikrikim" title="Sikrikim">Sikrikim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Rabbinates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbinate_of_Israel" title="Chief Rabbinate of Israel">Rabbanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edah_HaChareidis" title="Edah HaChareidis">Edah HaChareidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Rabbinical_Congress" title="Central Rabbinical Congress">Central Rabbinical Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iggud_HaRabbonim" class="mw-redirect" title="Iggud HaRabbonim">Iggud HaRabbonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moetzes_Gedolei_HaTorah" title="Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah">Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moetzet_Chachmei_HaTorah" title="Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah">Moetzet Chachmei HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinical_Council_of_America" title="Rabbinical Council of America">Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Rabbis" title="Union of Orthodox Rabbis">Agudas HaRabbonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Synagogue" title="United Synagogue">United Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Hebrew_Congregations" title="Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations">Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations (UOHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Rabbinic_Fellowship" title="International Rabbinic Fellowship">International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudath_Israel_of_America" title="Agudath Israel of America">Agudath Israel of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirshu" title="Dirshu">Dirshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(religious_Zionism)" title="Mizrachi (religious Zionism)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Union" title="Orthodox Union">Orthodox Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Young_Israel" title="National Council of Young Israel">Young Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah_Berurah" title="Mishnah Berurah">Mishnah Berurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_responsa_in_Judaism" title="History of responsa in Judaism">Responsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Philosophies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Judaism" title="Torah Judaism">Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_philosophy" title="Hasidic philosophy">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_im_Derech_Eretz" title="Torah im Derech Eretz">Torah im Derech Eretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_Umadda" title="Torah Umadda">Torah Umadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_authority" title="Rabbinic authority">Rabbinic authority / Da'as Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_Orthodox_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and Orthodox Judaism">Anarchism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Judaism" title="Category:Orthodox Judaism"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Category</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_and_politics" title="Template talk:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_and_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion and politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Religion in politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General_concepts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General concepts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">Anti-clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism_and_Freemasonry" title="Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry">Anti-clericalism and Freemasonry</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">Clerical fascism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine rule">Divine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_Spirituality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engaged Spirituality">Engaged Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_politics" title="Identity politics">Identity politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organized_secularism" title="Organized secularism">Organized secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Political religion">Political religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious anarchism">Religious anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry#Religious_anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Religious anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_anti-Zionism" title="Religious anti-Zionism">Religious anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_communism" title="Religious communism">Religious communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_humanism" title="Religious humanism">Religious humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">Religious law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Religious_attitudes" title="Pacifism">Religious pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_peacebuilding" title="Religion and peacebuilding">Religion and peacebuilding</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_rejection_of_politics" title="Religious rejection of politics">Religious rejection of politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">Religious segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism#Religious" title="Separatism">Religious separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_same-sex_marriage" title="Religious views on same-sex marriage">Religious views on same-sex marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_liberalism" title="Secular liberalism">Secular liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">Secular state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">Secularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Secular_religion" title="Secular religion">Secular religion</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_left" title="Spiritual left">Spiritual left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theonomy" title="Theonomy">Theonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Christianity_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Christianity and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Amendment" title="Blaine Amendment">Blaine Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#Catholics" title="Anti-communism">Christian anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_Freemasonry_within_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to Freemasonry within Christianity">Christian anti-Masonry</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Papal_ban_of_Freemasonry" title="Papal ban of Freemasonry">Papal ban</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Christian" title="Anti-Zionism">Christian anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">Christian communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism#Christianity" title="Corporatism">Christian corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Christian environmentalism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_environmentalism" title="Evangelical environmentalism">Evangelical environmentalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fascism" title="Christian fascism">Christian fascism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/German_Christians_(movement)" title="German Christians (movement)">German Christians (movement)</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">National Catholicism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Positive_Christianity" title="Positive Christianity">Positive Christianity</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reich_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reich Church">Protestant Reich Church</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon feminism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian law">Christian law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Christian left</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking#Christianity" title="Peacemaking">Christian peacemaking</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism" title="Christian reconstructionism">Christian reconstructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_republic" title="Christian republic">Christian republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Christian_Socialism_in_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Socialism in Utah">In Utah</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_state" title="Christian state">Christian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Theology">Dominion Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_politics" title="Maronite politics">Maronite politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicianism" title="Phoenicianism">Phoenicianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal state">Papal state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillarisation" title="Pillarisation">Pillarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Political Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations between the Catholic Church and the state</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Church%E2%80%93state_relations_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Church–state relations in Argentina">In Argentina</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_sovereignty" title="Sphere sovereignty">Sphere sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">Subsidiarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_power_(papal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal power (papal)">Temporal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Neo-ultramontanism" title="Neo-ultramontanism">Neo-ultramontanism</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Islam_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Islam and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hui_pan-nationalism" title="Hui pan-nationalism">Hui pan-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Human Rights in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic anarchism">Islamic anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_Freemasonry#Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Suppression of Freemasonry">Islamic anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Muslim" title="Anti-Zionism">Islamic anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic fascism">Islamic fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia law</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Application_of_Islamic_law_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Application of Islamic law by country">by country</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">In Pakistan</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">In South Asia</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism_in_Islam" title="Pacifism in Islam">Islamic pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Islamic Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat">Khilafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petro-Islam" title="Petro-Islam">Petro-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_quietism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political quietism">Political quietism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Talibanization" title="Talibanization">Talibanization</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory" title="Two-nation theory">Two-nation theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Judaism_and_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Judaism and politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism#Jewish_anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Jewish anti-Zionism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Haredim_and_Zionism" title="Haredim and Zionism">Haredim</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_and_democratic_state" title="Jewish and democratic state">Jewish democracy</a></li> <li>Jewish fascism <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Revisionist Maximalism</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish law">Jewish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism#Judaism" title="Pacifism">Jewish pacifism</a></li> <li><a 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