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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Initial public offering</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="إطلاق سوق الأوراق المالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إطلاق سوق الأوراق المالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lkin_ictimai_t%C9%99klif" title="İlkin ictimai təklif – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İlkin ictimai təklif" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC" title="প্রাথমিক গণপ্রস্তাব – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রাথমিক গণপ্রস্তাব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Първично публично предлагане – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Първично публично предлагане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferta_p%C3%BAblica_de_venda" title="Oferta pública de venda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oferta pública de venda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Initial public offering" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8rsnotering" title="Børsnotering – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Børsnotering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rsengang" title="Börsengang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Börsengang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktsiate_esmane_avalik_pakkumine" title="Aktsiate esmane avalik pakkumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aktsiate esmane avalik pakkumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Αρχική δημόσια προσφορά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχική δημόσια προσφορά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Initial public offering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferta_p%C3%BAblica_de_venta" title="Oferta pública de venta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oferta pública de venta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltzeko_eskaintza_publiko" title="Saltzeko eskaintza publiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saltzeko eskaintza publiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عرضه اولیه سهام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عرضه اولیه سهام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_en_bourse" title="Introduction en bourse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Introduction en bourse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferta_p%C3%BAblica_inicial" title="Oferta pública inicial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oferta pública inicial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82_(%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%93)" title="પ્રારંભિક જાહેર ભરણું (આઈપીઓ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રારંભિક જાહેર ભરણું (આઈપીઓ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%9C" title="기업공개 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기업공개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5" title="सार्वजनिक प्रस्ताव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सार्वजनिक प्रस्ताव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inicijalna_javna_ponuda_(IPO)" title="Inicijalna javna ponuda (IPO) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Inicijalna javna ponuda (IPO)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penawaran_umum_perdana" title="Penawaran umum perdana – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penawaran umum perdana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offerta_pubblica_iniziale" title="Offerta pubblica iniziale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Offerta pubblica iniziale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8" title="הנפקה ראשונה לציבור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנפקה ראשונה לציבור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಷೇರು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಷೇರು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აქციების პირველადი განთავსება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აქციების პირველადი განთავსება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPO" title="IPO – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="IPO" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%88" title="Баштапкы коомдук сунуш – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Баштапкы коомдук сунуш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirminis_vie%C5%A1as_si%C5%ABlymas" title="Pirminis viešas siūlymas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirminis viešas siūlymas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8" title="പ്രാഥമിക ഓഹരി വിൽപ്പന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രാഥമിക ഓഹരി വിൽപ്പന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="प्राथमिक खुला देकार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्राथमिक खुला देकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primaire_emissie" title="Primaire emissie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Primaire emissie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="प्रारम्भिक सार्वजनिक निष्कासन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रारम्भिक सार्वजनिक निष्कासन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B" title="株式公開 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="株式公開" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8rsnotering" title="Børsnotering – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Børsnotering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierwsza_oferta_publiczna" title="Pierwsza oferta publiczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierwsza oferta publiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oferta_p%C3%BAblica_inicial" title="Oferta pública inicial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oferta pública inicial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofert%C4%83_public%C4%83_ini%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Ofertă publică inițială – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ofertă publică inițială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Первичное публичное предложение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первичное публичное предложение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPO" title="IPO – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="IPO" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="මහජන කොටස් ආරම්භක නිකුතුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහජන කොටස් ආරම්භක නිකුතුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Иницијална јавна понуда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иницијална јавна понуда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6rsintroduktion" title="Börsintroduktion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Börsintroduktion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="முதல் பொதுப்பங்கு வெளியீடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதல் பொதுப்பங்கு வெளியீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="การเสนอขายหุ้นครั้งแรกให้แก่สาธารณชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเสนอขายหุ้นครั้งแรกให้แก่สาธารณชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halka_arz" title="Halka arz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halka arz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Первинна публічна пропозиція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Первинна публічна пропозиція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1t_h%C3%A0nh_c%C3%B4ng_khai_l%E1%BA%A7n_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u" title="Phát hành công khai lần đầu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phát hành công khai lần đầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E8%B6%9F%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%8B%9F%E8%82%A1" title="头趟公开募股 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="头趟公开募股" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E8%82%A1%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%82" title="招股上市 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="招股上市" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%80%E5%8B%9F%E8%82%A1" title="首次公开募股 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="首次公开募股" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"IPO" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/IPO_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="IPO (disambiguation)">IPO (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>An <b>initial public offering</b> (<b>IPO</b>) or <b>stock market launch</b> is a type of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_offering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public offering (not yet started)">public offering</a>. A public offering is any tradeable <a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">asset</a> that is offered to the public. In an initial public offering, <a href="/wiki/Share_(finance)" title="Share (finance)">shares</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stock</a> in a company are sold to the general public, on a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Securities_exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Securities exchange (not yet started)">securities exchange</a>, for the first time. Through this process, a <a href="/wiki/Private_company" title="Private company">private company</a> transforms into a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a>. Initial public offerings are used by companies to raise <a href="/wiki/Capital_(economics)" title="Capital (economics)">money</a> for expansion and to become publicly traded enterprises. A company selling shares is never required to repay the money to the people who buy them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Largest_IPOs">Largest IPOs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Largest IPOs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Largest IPOs"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IPO of <a href="/wiki/Alibaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Alibaba">Alibaba</a>, a Chinese technology company, was the largest IPO ever. Now, Saudi ARAMCO's 2019 IPO has become the largest one, by 25.6 billion dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 2009, the United States was the leading issuer of IPOs in terms of total value. Since that time, however, China (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shanghai Stock Exchange (not yet started)">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenzhen_Stock_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenzhen Stock Exchange (not yet started)">Shenzhen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Stock_Exchange" title="Hong Kong Stock Exchange">Hong Kong</a>) has been the leading issuer. It raised up to US$73 billion until the end of November 2011. This was almost double the amount of money raised on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> combined.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultural_Bank_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultural Bank of China (not yet started)">Agricultural Bank of China</a> US$22.1 billion (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Bank_of_China" title="Industrial and Commercial Bank of China">Industrial and Commercial Bank of China</a> US$21.9 billion (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_International_Assurance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American International Assurance (not yet started)">American International Assurance</a> US$20.5 billion (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa Inc.</a> US$19.7 billion (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> US$18.15 billion (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Meta, Inc.">Meta, Inc.</a> US$16 billion (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011215/top-10-largest-global-ipos-all-time.asp">"Top 10 Largest Global IPOs of All Time"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+10+Largest+Global+IPOs+of+All+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Farticles%2Finvesting%2F011215%2Ftop-10-largest-global-ipos-all-time.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203193822/https://worldnewsexpert.com/ipo/rategain-ipo-details-gmp-allotment-date-share-price-listing-date-wiki/">"RateGain IPO Details, GMP, Allotment Date, Share Price, Listing Date, Wiki - World News Expert"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldnewsexpert.com/ipo/rategain-ipo-details-gmp-allotment-date-share-price-listing-date-wiki/">the original</a> on 2021-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RateGain+IPO+Details%2C+GMP%2C+Allotment+Date%2C+Share+Price%2C+Listing+Date%2C+Wiki+-+World+News+Expert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldnewsexpert.com%2Fipo%2Frategain-ipo-details-gmp-allotment-date-share-price-listing-date-wiki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d9733718-2c4a-11e1-b7df-00144feabdc0.html">"China eclipses US as top IPO venue"</a>. December 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+eclipses+US+as+top+IPO+venue&rft.date=2011-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fd9733718-2c4a-11e1-b7df-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-15/agricultural-bank-of-china-sets-ipo-record-with-22-1-billion-boosted-sale.html">"Agricultural Bank of China Sets IPO Record as Size Raised to $22.1 Billion"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 2010-08-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Agricultural+Bank+of+China+Sets+IPO+Record+as+Size+Raised+to+%2422.1+Billion&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-08-15%2Fagricultural-bank-of-china-sets-ipo-record-with-22-1-billion-boosted-sale.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-07-28/icbc-to-seek-as-much-as-6-6-billion-in-rights-offer-to-replenish-capital.html">"ICBC completed its record $21.9 billion IPO in October 2006"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 2010-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=ICBC+completed+its+record+%2421.9+billion+IPO+in+October+2006&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-07-28%2Ficbc-to-seek-as-much-as-6-6-billion-in-rights-offer-to-replenish-capital.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-29/aia-s-ipo-boosted-to-20-5-billion-with-overallotment-update1-.html">"AIA's IPO Boosted to $20.5 Billion With Overallotment"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 2010-10-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=AIA%27s+IPO+Boosted+to+%2420.5+Billion+With+Overallotment&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-10-29%2Faia-s-ipo-boosted-to-20-5-billion-with-overallotment-update1-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGrocer2010" class="citation news cs1">Grocer, Stephen (2010-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2010/11/17/how-gms-ipo-stacks-up-against-the-biggest-ipos-on-record/">"How GM's IPO Stacks Up Against the Biggest IPOs on Record"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=How+GM%27s+IPO+Stacks+Up+Against+the+Biggest+IPOs+on+Record&rft.date=2010-11-17&rft.aulast=Grocer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fdeals%2F2010%2F11%2F17%2Fhow-gms-ipo-stacks-up-against-the-biggest-ipos-on-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-26/gm-says-total-offering-size-23-1-billion-including-overallotment-options.html">"GM Says Total Offering Size $23.1 Billion Including Overallotment Options"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. 2010-11-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=GM+Says+Total+Offering+Size+%2423.1+Billion+Including+Overallotment+Options&rft.date=2010-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2010-11-26%2Fgm-says-total-offering-size-23-1-billion-including-overallotment-options.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/05/17/facebook-raises-16-billion-in-i-p-o/">"Facebook Raises $16 Billion in I.P.O."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. 2012-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Facebook+Raises+%2416+Billion+in+I.P.O.&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F17%2Ffacebook-raises-16-billion-in-i-p-o%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AInitial+public+offering" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Initial_public_offering&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Interwiki_map/discontinued#Wikinvest" class="extiw" title="wikinvest:Initial Public Offering (IPO)">Initial Public Offering (IPO) Definition and Calendar</a>, Wikinvest</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsgr.com/publications/PDFSearch/ipoguide2010.pdf">IPO Guide</a> from Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary market (not yet started)">Primary market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secondary_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secondary market (not yet started)">Secondary market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Third market (not yet started)">Third market</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fourth_market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fourth market (not yet started)">Fourth market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of <a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">stocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common stock (not yet started)">Common stock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_share&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden share (not yet started)">Golden share</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preferred stock (not yet started)">Preferred stock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Restricted_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Restricted stock (not yet started)">Restricted stock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tracking_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tracking stock (not yet started)">Tracking stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Share_capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Share capital (not yet started)">Share capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Authorised_capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Authorised capital (not yet started)">Authorised capital</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Issued_shares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Issued shares (not yet started)">Issued shares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shares_outstanding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shares outstanding (not yet started)">Shares outstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treasury_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treasury stock (not yet started)">Treasury stock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broker-dealer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broker-dealer (not yet started)">Broker-dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_trading" title="Day trading">Day trader</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floor_broker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floor broker (not yet started)">Floor broker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Floor_trader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floor trader (not yet started)">Floor trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investor" class="mw-redirect" title="Investor">Investor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_maker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market maker (not yet started)">Market maker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proprietary_trading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proprietary trading (not yet started)">Proprietary trader</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantitative_analyst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantitative analyst (not yet started)">Quantitative analyst</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial law (not yet started)">Financial law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_trader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock trader (not yet started)">Stock trader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Exchanges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_communication_network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronic communication network (not yet started)">Electronic communication network</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_stock_exchanges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of stock exchanges (not yet started)">List of stock exchanges</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_stock_exchange_trading_hours&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of stock exchange trading hours (not yet started)">Trading hours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilateral_trading_facility&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multilateral trading facility (not yet started)">Multilateral trading facility</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Over-the-counter_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Over-the-counter (finance) (not yet started)">Over-the-counter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_valuation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock valuation (not yet started)">Stock valuation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha (finance) (not yet started)">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbitrage_pricing_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbitrage pricing theory (not yet started)">Arbitrage pricing theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_(finance)" title="Beta (finance)">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bid%E2%80%93ask_spread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bid–ask spread (not yet started)">Bid–ask spread</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book value (not yet started)">Book value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model" title="Capital asset pricing model">Capital asset pricing model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_market_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital market line (not yet started)">Capital market line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dividend_discount_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dividend discount model (not yet started)">Dividend discount model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dividend_yield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dividend yield (not yet started)">Dividend yield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earnings_per_share&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earnings per share (not yet started)">Earnings per share</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Earnings_yield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earnings yield (not yet started)">Earnings yield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fed_model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fed model (not yet started)">Fed model</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Net_asset_value&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Net asset value (not yet started)">Net asset value</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security_characteristic_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Security characteristic line (not yet started)">Security characteristic line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Security_market_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Security market line (not yet started)">Security market line</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T-model&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T-model (not yet started)">T-model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Bank" title="Arab Bank">Arab Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CFI_Financial_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CFI Financial Group (not yet started)">CFI Financial Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxo_Bank" title="Saxo Bank">Saxo Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IG_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IG Group (not yet started)">IG Group</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_Brokers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interactive Brokers (not yet started)">Interactive Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IronFX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IronFX (not yet started)">IronFX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading theories<br /> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trading_strategy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trading strategy (not yet started)">strategies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algorithmic_trading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algorithmic trading (not yet started)">Algorithmic trading</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buy_and_hold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buy and hold (not yet started)">Buy and hold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrarian_investing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Contrarian investing (not yet started)">Contrarian investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_trading" title="Day trading">Day trading</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dollar_cost_averaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dollar cost averaging (not yet started)">Dollar cost averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficient-market_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficient-market hypothesis (not yet started)">Efficient-market hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_analysis" title="Fundamental analysis">Fundamental analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Growth_stock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Growth stock (not yet started)">Growth stock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_timing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market timing (not yet started)">Market timing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modern_portfolio_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modern portfolio theory (not yet started)">Modern portfolio theory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Momentum_investing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momentum investing (not yet started)">Momentum investing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mosaic_theory_(investments)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mosaic theory (investments) (not yet started)">Mosaic theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pairs_trade" title="Pairs trade">Pairs trade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Post-modern_portfolio_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post-modern portfolio theory (not yet started)">Post-modern portfolio theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_walk_hypothesis" title="Random walk hypothesis">Random walk hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sector_rotation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sector rotation (not yet started)">Sector rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Style_investing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Style investing (not yet started)">Style investing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swing_trading&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swing trading (not yet started)">Swing trading</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical analysis (not yet started)">Technical analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trend_following&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trend following (not yet started)">Trend following</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Value_averaging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Value averaging (not yet started)">Value averaging</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Value_investing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Value investing (not yet started)">Value investing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Block_trade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Block trade (not yet started)">Block trade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross_listing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross listing (not yet started)">Cross listing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark pool (not yet started)">Dark pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dividend" title="Dividend">Dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dual-listed_company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dual-listed company (not yet started)">Dual-listed company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DuPont_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DuPont analysis (not yet started)">DuPont analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficient_frontier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficient frontier (not yet started)">Efficient frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flight-to-quality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flight-to-quality (not yet started)">Flight-to-quality</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_bond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Government bond (not yet started)">Government bond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenspan_put&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenspan put (not yet started)">Greenspan put</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haircut_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haircut (finance) (not yet started)">Haircut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Initial public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long (finance) (not yet started)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margin_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margin (finance) (not yet started)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_anomaly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market anomaly (not yet started)">Market anomaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">Market capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_depth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market depth (not yet started)">Market depth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_manipulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market manipulation (not yet started)">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Market_trend&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Market trend (not yet started)">Market trend</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mean_reversion_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mean reversion (finance) (not yet started)">Mean reversion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Momentum_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momentum (finance) (not yet started)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_outcry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open outcry (not yet started)">Open outcry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_(finance)" title="Option (finance)">Option (finance)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Position_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Position (finance) (not yet started)">Position</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_float&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public float (not yet started)">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_offering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public offering (not yet started)">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rally_(stock_market)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rally (stock market) (not yet started)">Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Returns-based_style_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Returns-based style analysis (not yet started)">Returns-based style analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reverse_stock_split&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reverse stock split (not yet started)">Reverse stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Share_repurchase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Share repurchase (not yet started)">Share repurchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_(finance)" title="Short (finance)">Short selling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slippage_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slippage (finance) (not yet started)">Slippage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">Speculation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_dilution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock dilution (not yet started)">Stock dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_market_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock market index (not yet started)">Stock market index</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stock_split&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stock split (not yet started)">Stock split</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trade_(financial_instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trade (financial instrument) (not yet started)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uptick_rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uptick rule (not yet started)">Uptick rule</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volatility_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volatility (finance) (not yet started)">Volatility</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voting_interest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voting interest (not yet started)">Voting interest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yield_(finance)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yield (finance) (not yet started)">Yield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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