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<li id="toc-Inception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Inception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_programmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_programmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Other programmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_programmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Directors general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marking_guides_plagiarism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marking_guides_plagiarism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Marking guides plagiarism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marking_guides_plagiarism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2020_examination_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2020_examination_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>May 2020 examination results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2020_examination_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2021_examination_session" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2021_examination_session"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>May 2021 examination session</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2021_examination_session-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2024_examination_leaks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2024_examination_leaks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>May 2024 examination leaks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2024_examination_leaks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International Baccalaureate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البكالوريا الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البكالوريا الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batxillerat_Internacional" title="Batxillerat Internacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batxillerat Internacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_del_Bachillerato_Internacional" title="Organización del Bachillerato Internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización del Bachillerato Internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="نظام آموزش بین‌المللی آی بی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظام آموزش بین‌المللی آی بی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_du_baccalaur%C3%A9at_international" title="Organisation du baccalauréat international – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation du baccalauréat international" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%EB%B0%94%EC%B9%BC%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%95%84" title="국제 바칼로레아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 바칼로레아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Միջազգային բակալավրիատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միջազգային բակալավրիատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccellierato_internazionale" title="Baccellierato internazionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baccellierato internazionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הבגרות הבינלאומית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבגרות הבינלאומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Халықаралық бакалавриат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халықаралық бакалавриат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautiskais_bakalaur%C4%81ts" title="Starptautiskais bakalaurāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskais bakalaurāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Меѓународна матура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународна матура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F" title="इंटरनॅशनल बॅकलॉरिएट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंटरनॅशनल बॅकलॉरिएट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E3%83%90%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2" title="国際バカロレア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際バカロレア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacharelado_Internacional" title="Bacharelado Internacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bacharelado Internacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacalaureatul_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Bacalaureatul Internațional – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bacalaureatul Internațional" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Међународна матура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Међународна матура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Bakalorya" title="Uluslararası Bakalorya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uluslararası Bakalorya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="International Baccalaureate" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%B1ng_T%C3%BA_t%C3%A0i_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Bằng Tú tài Quốc tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bằng Tú tài Quốc tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International educational organization</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Baccalaureate</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg/170px-International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg/255px-International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg/340px-International_Baccalaureate_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="198" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">October 25, 1968<span class="noprint">; 56 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">October 25, 1968</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><small>Part of a series on the</small><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Baccalaureate</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> IB Continuum</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IB_Primary_Years_Programme" title="IB Primary Years Programme">Primary Years Programme</a> (PYP)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Middle_Years_Programme" title="IB Middle Years Programme">Middle Years Programme</a> (MYP)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme" title="IB Diploma Programme">Diploma Programme</a> (DP)<br /></li> <li>IB Career-related Programme (CP)<br /></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Institutions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Baccalaureate</a> (formerly IBO)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_World_Colleges" title="United World Colleges">United World Colleges</a><br /></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Baccalaureate_people" title="List of International Baccalaureate people">List of people</a><br /></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Curriculum</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_1_subjects" title="IB Group 1 subjects">Group 1</a>: Studies in Language and Literature<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_2_subjects" title="IB Group 2 subjects">Group 2</a>: Language Acquisition<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_3_subjects" title="IB Group 3 subjects">Group 3</a>: Individuals and Societies<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_4_subjects" title="IB Group 4 subjects">Group 4</a>: Sciences<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_5_subjects" title="IB Group 5 subjects">Group 5</a>: Mathematics<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IB_Group_6_subjects" title="IB Group 6 subjects">Group 6</a>: The Arts<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity,_activity,_service" title="Creativity, activity, service">Creativity, Activity, Service</a> (CAS)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_essay" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended essay">Extended Essay</a> (EE)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_knowledge_(IB_course)" title="Theory of knowledge (IB course)">Theory of Knowledge</a> (TOK)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Baccalaureate" title="Template:International Baccalaureate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Baccalaureate" title="Template talk:International Baccalaureate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Baccalaureate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Baccalaureate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>International Baccalaureate Organization</b> (<b>IBO</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more commonly known as the <b>International Baccalaureate</b> (<b>IB</b>), is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit</a> foundation headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and founded in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AboutIBO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutIBO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It offers four educational programmes: the <a href="/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme" title="IB Diploma Programme">IB Diploma Programme</a> and the IB Career-related Programme for students aged 16 to 19, the <a href="/wiki/IB_Middle_Years_Programme" title="IB Middle Years Programme">IB Middle Years Programme</a> for students aged 12 to 16, and the <a href="/wiki/IB_Primary_Years_Programme" title="IB Primary Years Programme">IB Primary Years Programme</a> for children aged 3 to 12.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To teach these programmes, schools must be authorized by the International Baccalaureate. </p><p>The organization's name and logo were changed in 2007 to reflect new structural arrangements. Consequently, "IB" may now refer to the organization itself, any of the four programmes, or the diploma or certificates awarded at the end of a programme.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inception">Inception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Maurette" title="Marie-Thérèse Maurette">Marie-Thérèse Maurette</a> wrote "Educational Techniques for Peace. Do They Exist?" in 1948,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she created the framework for what would eventually become the IB Diploma Programme (IBDP).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the mid-1960s, a group of teachers from the <a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Geneva" title="International School of Geneva">International School of Geneva</a> (Ecolint) created the International Schools Examinations Syndicate (ISES), which would later become the International Baccalaureate Office (IBO), followed by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) and then the International Baccalaureate (IB).<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_programme">First programme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IB headquarters were officially established in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1968 for the development and maintenance of the IB Diploma Programme. The objective of this programme was to "provide an internationally acceptable university admissions qualification suitable for the growing mobile population of young people whose parents were part of the world of diplomacy, international and multinational organizations" by offering standardized courses and assessments for students aged 16 to 19. <sup id="cite_ref-IBDP_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBDP-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International Baccalaureate North America (IBNA) was established in 1975<sup id="cite_ref-Peterson2003_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peterson2003-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Peter Nehr, International Baccalaureate Africa, Europe and Middle-East (IBAEM) in 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and International Baccalaureate Asia Pacific (IBAP) during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The International Baccalaureate now functions as a global organization with global centers in Geneva, Washington D.C., The Hague, Cardiff and Singapore. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBDiplomaExample.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/IBDiplomaExample.jpg/220px-IBDiplomaExample.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/IBDiplomaExample.jpg/330px-IBDiplomaExample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/IBDiplomaExample.jpg/440px-IBDiplomaExample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7016" data-file-height="4961" /></a><figcaption>An early IB diploma from 1975, issued through the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">United Nations International School</a> (UNIS) in New York, one of the pilot schools for the IB</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_programmes">Other programmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IB_Middle_Years_Programme" title="IB Middle Years Programme">IB Middle Years Programme</a> (MYP) was first offered in 1994. Within five years, 51 countries had MYP schools.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A revised MYP programme, referred to as the <a href="/wiki/MYP#New_chapter" class="mw-redirect" title="MYP">IB Middle Years Programme New chapter</a> was introduced in September 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/IB_Primary_Years_Programme" title="IB Primary Years Programme">IB Primary Years Programme</a> (PYP) was piloted in 1996 in 30 primary schools on different continents, and the first PYP school was authorized in 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 87 authorized schools in 43 countries within five years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IB Career-related Programme (formerly IB Career-related Certificate<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was first offered in 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors_general">Directors general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Directors general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alec_Peterson" title="Alec Peterson">Alec Peterson</a> was IB's first director general (1968–1977), followed by Gérard Renaud (1977–1983), Roger Peel (1983–1998), <a href="/wiki/Derek_Ernest_Blackman" title="Derek Ernest Blackman">Derek Blackman</a> (1998–1999), George Walker (1999–2005), <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Beard" title="Jeffrey Beard">Jeffrey Beard</a> (2006–2013) and Siva Kumari (2013–2021).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of May 2021, <a href="/wiki/Olli-Pekka_Heinonen" title="Olli-Pekka Heinonen">Olli-Pekka Heinonen</a>, a Finnish politician and director of the Finnish National Agency of Education, was selected by the board of directors to serve as director general, replacing Siva Kumari.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IB is a nonprofit organization,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selling its products and services to schools in a system analogous to a franchise network. Schools buy products and services from the IB <i>–</i> assessments, publications, the right to use branding <i>–</i> and in turn schools act as distributors, reselling the products and services to families.<sup id="cite_ref-IB_Annual_Review_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IB_Annual_Review-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IB maintains its head office in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. Assessment and grading services are located in <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and the curriculum centre moved in 2011 to <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Two other offices are located in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p><p>The organization is divided into three regional centres: IB Africa, Europe and Middle East (IBAEM), administered from The Hague; IB Americas (IBA), administered from Washington D.C.; and IB Asia-Pacific (IBAP), administered from Singapore.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sub-regional associations "are groups formed by and for IB school practitioners to assist IB schools, teachers and students in their communities—from implementing IB programmes to providing a forum for dialogue."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are currently fifty-six (56) sub-regional associations, including: </p> <ul><li>fifteen (15) in the IB Africa, Europe and Middle East (IBAEM) region;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>thirty-six (36) in the IB Americas (IBA) region;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>five (5) in the IB Asia Pacific (IBAP) region.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2003, the IB established the IB Fund, incorporated in the United States, to enhance fundraising and keep funds raised separately from operational funds.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, the IB approved a strategic plan to "ensure that programmes and services are of the highest quality" and "to provide access to people who are socio-economically disadvantaged."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 and 2015, the strategic plans were updated after substantial consultation. The vision for the next five years was to more consciously establish the IB as a leader in international education and the Board outlined a vision and four strategic goals with key strategic objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Access remains fundamental to the mission of the IB and a variety of initiatives and projects are helping to take it forward in <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, Spain, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. </p><p>The United States has the largest number of IB programmes (2,010 out of 5,586) offered in both private and public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The IB works with governments and non-governmental organizations across the world and has consultative status as a nongovernmental organization (NGO) at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>) and has collaborative relationships with the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_de_la_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie</a></i></span> (OIF).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IB governance is composed of an IB Board of Governors and six committees (access and advancement, audit, education, finance, human resources and governance). The Board of Governors appoints the Director General, sets the strategic direction of the organization, adopts a mission statement, makes policy, oversees the IB's financial management, and ensures autonomy and integrity of the IB Diploma Programme examinations and other student assessments. The structure of its different committees is based on respect, representation and collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Board of Governors can comprise between 15 and 25 members. Members are elected by the Board on the recommendation of the governance committee and from nominations presented by the Heads Council, Regional Councils and the Board. To encourage diversity of gender, culture and geography, there are only three ex officio positions: Director General (non-voting), the chair of the Examining Board and the chair of the Heads Council.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advisory bodies include the Heads Council and Regional Councils.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Countries with 40+ schools teaching IB programmes & Global Totals (as of 1 Sep 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country and region</th> <th>Primary</th> <th>Middle</th> <th>Diploma</th> <th>Career-related</th> <th>Schools </th></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>634</td> <td>736</td> <td>961</td> <td>156</td> <td>1,922 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>100</td> <td>174</td> <td>188</td> <td>6</td> <td>381 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>160</td> <td>27</td> <td>83</td> <td>1</td> <td>263 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>152</td> <td>49</td> <td>85</td> <td>2</td> <td>213 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>127</td> <td>52</td> <td>155</td> <td>4</td> <td>204 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>52</td> <td>39</td> <td>174</td> <td>3</td> <td>195 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>22</td> <td>26</td> <td>93</td> <td>44</td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>60</td> <td>44</td> <td>79</td> <td>17</td> <td>117 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey</td> <td>59</td> <td>14</td> <td>71</td> <td>0</td> <td>111 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan</td> <td>55</td> <td>34</td> <td>66</td> <td>0</td> <td>105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>28</td> <td>15</td> <td>77</td> <td>6</td> <td>82 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ecuador</td> <td>20</td> <td>20</td> <td>77</td> <td>0</td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hong Kong</td> <td>41</td> <td>16</td> <td>37</td> <td>7</td> <td>70 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia</td> <td>37</td> <td>21</td> <td>46</td> <td>5</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland</td> <td>13</td> <td>15</td> <td>56</td> <td>0</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland</td> <td>14</td> <td>13</td> <td>53</td> <td>7</td> <td>56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Arab Emirates</td> <td>33</td> <td>24</td> <td>49</td> <td>17</td> <td>54 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Argentina</td> <td>7</td> <td>2</td> <td>52</td> <td>0</td> <td>53 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil</td> <td>25</td> <td>10</td> <td>42</td> <td>0</td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Korea</td> <td>19</td> <td>14</td> <td>17</td> <td>1</td> <td>51 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>25</td> <td>22</td> <td>29</td> <td>0</td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt</td> <td>20</td> <td>12</td> <td>36</td> <td>1</td> <td>42 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Singapore</td> <td>23</td> <td>9</td> <td>30</td> <td>2</td> <td>41 </td></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Primary</th> <th>Middle</th> <th>Diploma</th> <th>Career-related</th> <th>Schools </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Total Schools Globally</i></td> <td>1,375</td> <td>1,264</td> <td>2,997</td> <td>118</td> <td>4,460 </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Countries & Territories</i></td> <td>104</td> <td>97</td> <td>140</td> <td>18</td> <td>151 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The IB Diploma Programme was described as "a rigorous, off-the-shelf curriculum recognized by universities around the world" when it was featured in the December 18, 2006, edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> titled "How to bring our schools out of the 20th Century".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBDP was also featured in the summer 2002 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/American_Educator" title="American Educator">American Educator</a>,</i> where Robert Rothman described it as "a good example of an effective, instructionally sound, exam-based system."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US, in 2006, as part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Competitiveness_Initiative" title="American Competitiveness Initiative">American Competitiveness Initiative</a> (ACI),<sup id="cite_ref-ACI_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACI-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and Education Secretary <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spellings" title="Margaret Spellings">Margaret Spellings</a> presented a plan for the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement (AP)</a> and International Baccalaureate mathematics and science courses, intending to increase the number of AP and IB teachers and the number of students taking AP and IB examinations, as well as tripling the number of students passing those exams.<sup id="cite_ref-ACI_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACI-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Gardner" title="Howard Gardner">Howard Gardner</a>, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Educational_psychology" title="Educational psychology">educational psychology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, said that the IBDP curriculum is "less parochial than most American efforts" and helps students "think critically, synthesize knowledge, reflect on their own thought processes and get their feet wet in interdisciplinary thinking."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, government ministers in the United Kingdom provided funding so that "every local authority in England could have at least one centre offering <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth-formers</a> the chance to do the IB."<sup id="cite_ref-Shepard_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shepard-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, due to the devaluing of the A-Levels and an increase in the number of students taking the IB exams, then-Children's Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ed_Balls" title="Ed Balls">Ed Balls</a> abandoned a "flagship <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> pledge to allow children in all areas to study IB." Fears of a "two-tier" education system further dividing education between the rich and the poor emerged as the growth in IB is driven by private schools and sixth-form colleges.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While the number of Diploma Programme state schools has dropped under budget constraints, the new Career-related Programme has seen solid uptake in the UK with 27 schools in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> alone.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, an attempt was made to eliminate it from a public school in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some schools in the United States have eliminated the IBDP due to budgetary reasons and low student participation.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, in 2008, funding for the IBDP was reduced from $300,000 to $100,000 after State Senator <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Dayton" title="Margaret Dayton">Margaret Dayton</a> objected to the IB curriculum, stating, "First, I have never espoused eliminating IB ... I don't want to create 'world citizens' nearly as much as I want to help cultivate American citizens who function well in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, meanwhile, believes that IB should be an option for students in Chicago Public Schools.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Brackett" title="Elizabeth Brackett">Elizabeth Brackett</a>, reporting on her own experience of studying the IB in Chicago, found that it made for a stressful school experience but subsequently eased the pressures of university study.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further report<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> concluded that Chicago Public School students who completed the IB curriculum were 40% more likely to attend a four-year college, 50% more likely to attend a selective four-year college, and significantly more likely to persist in college than their matched peers outside the IB. The City of Miami Beach Commission entered into an education compact with Miami-Dade County Public Schools with one of the initiatives of the compact to implement the IB curriculum throughout Miami Beach feeder schools.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some other parts of the world, the International Baccalaureate has been well received. In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan</a> and the IB announced a plan that will expand the opportunities for Japanese students to complete the IB curriculum in Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, a project has been developed in response to interest expressed by the Malaysia Ministry of Education (MoE) in working with the IB to implement the IB Middle Years Programme (MYP) in select secondary state schools.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) signed an agreement with the IB to widen the options offered to parents and to meet the different needs of students in the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2014, <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_Foundation" title="King Faisal Foundation">The King Faisal Foundation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and the IB signed a memorandum of understanding to develop IB programmes, including the IBDP, in up to forty primary and secondary schools, with the goal of intending to develop these schools as centres of excellence as IB World Schools.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Ollanta_Humala" title="Ollanta Humala">Ollanta Humala</a> has committed to building a high-performing schools network (COAR) made up of IB World Schools. In early 2016 thirteen new schools were authorized by the IB as part of this programme.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ecuador, President <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Rafael Correa</a> has also committed to improving education in state schools by implementing IB programmes and by January 2016 there were over 200 state schools.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With support from local organizations,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are thirteen state IB schools in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, various models have been implemented (3 types of schools in Spain: public schools, private schools and state funded-private or "concerted" schools) and led to extensive growth with 140 schools.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internationally, the IB continues to be recognized as innovative, and in 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Foundation" title="Qatar Foundation">World Innovation Summit for Education</a> (WISE) announced the IB Career-related Certificate as a finalist for their annual WISE Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the IB came under heavy criticism around the world in 2020 for controversial estimated grades, set when COVID-19 precautions obstructed examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-tes.com_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tes.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to tertiary educational agency 7Acad, the diploma mean grade stands at a four-year low of 4.54 points,with total points at a five-year low of 28.51 pts as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study published by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> showed that a Cambridge student, who had obtained a score of 41 or more, achieved above-average success while at Cambridge. Students who had received 38 or less, were receiving grades below the average of all Cambridge students. Those that had an IB score of 38 or 39, obtained above-average grades in science, and below-average grades in social studies and humanities.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marking_guides_plagiarism">Marking guides plagiarism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marking guides plagiarism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 2010, the IBO was accused of plagiarising some of its confidential examiner marking guides <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism_from_Wikipedia" title="Plagiarism from Wikipedia">from Wikipedia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2020_examination_results">May 2020 examination results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: May 2020 examination results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2020, the IB announced that exams for the May 2020 session had been cancelled as a response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It claimed that the final grades would instead be calculated based on coursework, students' teacher-predicted grades, and historical school data. "Prior to the attribution of final grades, this process was subjected to rigorous testing by educational statistical specialists to ensure our methods were robust. It was also checked against the last five years' sets of results data," an IB spokesman said.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2020, the IB released its results for the <a href="/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme" title="IB Diploma Programme">Diploma Programme</a> and Career-related Programme candidates enrolled in the May 2020 session. Over 17,000 signatories signed an <a href="/wiki/Online_petition" title="Online petition">online petition</a> calling for a clarification of the grading methodology, and free remarking and retesting.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several educators have criticized IB's approach to the 2020 grading.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ofqual" title="Ofqual">The Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation</a> stated it would "scrutinize" the grades.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Data_Protection_Authority" title="Norwegian Data Protection Authority">Norwegian Data Protection Authority</a> asked the IB to provide data under the <a href="/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation" title="General Data Protection Regulation">General Data Protection Regulation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some argued that using a school's historical data to produce grades was unfair to black or low-income students, or students from smaller schools.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others complained about the lack of transparency and fair process of the grades' appeal process.<sup id="cite_ref-tes.com_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tes.com-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2021_examination_session">May 2021 examination session</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: May 2021 examination session"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2020, amidst the continuing coronavirus pandemic, the IB announced a series of comprehensive amendments to its scheduled examinations in May 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were inclusive of a few assessment components being discounted (for select subjects), and others being revised in length or syllabi. On 4 February 2021, the IB announced a dual exam route for the May 2021 examination: examinations were expected to take place in regions where a written assessment could be "administered safely", while candidates in other regions follow a non-exam "alternative route" based on coursework and predicted grades.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision was met with stiff backlash as students taking the IB Diploma Programme protested against perceived injustice. Students argued that exams would harm student mental health and well-being as well as possible consequences for university admissions. The IB's dual system approach has also been criticized by exam boards such as <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Assessment International Education">Cambridge Assessment International Education</a>, who canceled their <a href="/wiki/International_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="International General Certificate of Secondary Education">IGCSE</a> and international <a href="/wiki/A-level" title="A-level">A-level</a> exams.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2024_examination_leaks">May 2024 examination leaks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: May 2024 examination leaks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late April/early May, select IB final exams were leaked to the <a href="/wiki/Subreddit" class="mw-redirect" title="Subreddit">subreddit</a> r/pirateIB and other platforms. To date, there have been documents shared for Mathematics, Physics, Biology, Chemistry, English, Chinese, German, Psychology, Digital Society, Geography, Business Management, Computer Science and Global Politics.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp.com_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp.com-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some online forums have been expressing student discontent, especially with concerns on unfair advantages in examinations, with claims of miscommunication from the IB. A statement<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the IBO was published on May 4th, claiming that the organization had discovered a very small number of students engaged in "time zone cheating", further claiming that the cheating wasn't widespread. South China Morning Post rebutted this claim, having discovered over 45,000 downloads of papers.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp.com_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp.com-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant numbers of students have raised concerns about grade boundaries being inflated as a result of the leaks. One group dedicated to leaking papers has affirmed the concerns, by restricting the release of English Lang. Lit. leaks to "protect the grade boundaries". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Following the examination leaks, the IBO also experienced an alleged security breach in their IT Infrastructure, potentially exposing internal documents and further test papers. Upon inspecting data shared online by the unknown threat actor(s), <a href="/wiki/Vx-underground" title="Vx-underground">vx-underground</a>, a group dedicated to investigating malware and cybersecurity, confirmed on the morning of May 6th that the breach appeared to be legitimate.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 7th, the IBO confirmed that some of their data from 2018 was breached, including employee names, positions, and emails. The organization also stated that no exam material has been compromised. <sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Assessment International Education">Cambridge Assessment International Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Baccalaureate" title="European Baccalaureate">European Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Baccalaureate_people" title="List of International Baccalaureate people">List of International Baccalaureate people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schools_offering_International_Baccalaureate" title="Schools offering International Baccalaureate">Schools offering International Baccalaureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_dc/EXTUID_4234680">"International Baccalaureate Organization"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OpenCorporates" title="OpenCorporates">OpenCorporates</a></i>. 25 October 1968. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230817174138/https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_dc/EXTUID_4234680">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenCorporates&rft.atitle=International+Baccalaureate+Organization&rft.date=1968-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopencorporates.com%2Fcompanies%2Fus_dc%2FEXTUID_4234680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibo.org/terms-and-conditions/copyright/">"Copyright"</a>. <i>International Baccalaureate</i>. 2 October 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230817174142/https://www.ibo.org/terms-and-conditions/copyright/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Baccalaureate&rft.atitle=Copyright&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fterms-and-conditions%2Fcopyright%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibo.org/offices/hq/index.cfm">IB headquarters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519202704/http://www.ibo.org/offices/hq/index.cfm">Archived</a> 19 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." International Baccalaureate. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+the+International+Baccalaureate+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fwho%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibo.org/programmes/">"Programmes"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923124145/https://www.ibo.org/programmes/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Programmes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fprogrammes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406090945/http://www.ibo.org/announcements/identitylaunch.cfm">"IB Identity Announcement"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibo.org/announcements/identitylaunch.cfm">the original</a> on 6 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IB+Identity+Announcement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fannouncements%2Fidentitylaunch.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alumni.ecolint.net/authors/walker.html">"George Walker"</a>. <i>ecolint.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010190521/http://alumni.ecolint.net/authors/walker.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ecolint.net&rft.atitle=George+Walker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falumni.ecolint.net%2Fauthors%2Fwalker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001582/158270eb.pdf">"UNESCO Resources Publications"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109002250/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001582/158270eb.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Baccalaureate+Diploma+Programme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fdiploma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Hayden2001" class="citation book cs1">Mary Hayden (2001). "Global Issues: A Necessary Component of a Balanced Curriculum for the Twenty-First Century". In Mary Ray Hayden; Jeff William Thompson (eds.). <i>International Education: Principles and Practice</i> (2nd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Higher+Education+%28THE%29&rft.atitle=Fury+at+two-track+plan+for+International+Baccalaureate+assessment&rft.date=2021-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeshighereducation.com%2Fnews%2Ffury-two-track-plan-international-baccalaureate-assessment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3121909/ib-students-hong-kong-express-frustration-exams-will">"IB students in Hong Kong express frustration that exams will continue during Covid-19"</a>. <i>Young Post</i>. 16 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217110952/https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3121909/ib-students-hong-kong-express-frustration-exams-will">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SCMP&rft.atitle=International+Baccalaureate+exams+body+to+probe+leaks+after+finding+evidence+of+cheating%3B+Hong+Kong+pupils+among+global+chorus+of+outrage&rft.date=2024-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fnews%2Fhong-kong%2Feducation%2Farticle%2F3261473%2Finternational-baccalaureate-exams-authority-investigate-alleged-leaks-after-finding-evidence-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibo.org/news/news-list/update-on-may-2024-exams/">"Update on May DP exams"</a>. <i>IBO.org</i>. 4 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506005057/https://www.ibo.org/news/news-list/update-on-may-2024-exams/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBO.org&rft.atitle=Update+on+May+DP+exams&rft.date=2024-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibo.org%2Fnews%2Fnews-list%2Fupdate-on-may-2024-exams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Baccalaureate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1787244897679888541">"An unknown Threat Actor(s) claims to have compromised International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO)"</a>. <i>Twitter</i>. 6 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506015204/https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1787244897679888541">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Qualifications_Framework" title="Template:National Qualifications Framework"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Qualifications_Framework" title="Template talk:National Qualifications Framework"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Qualifications_Framework" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Qualifications Framework"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_qualifications_frameworks_in_England,_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_qualifications_frameworks_in_the_United_Kingdom#England,_Wales_and_Northern_Ireland" title="National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom">National qualifications frameworks</a> in England, Wales and Northern Ireland</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For higher levels, compare with the <a href="/wiki/National_qualifications_frameworks_in_the_United_Kingdom#Higher_education_qualifications" title="National qualifications frameworks in the United Kingdom">FHEQ</a> system.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 8</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Fellowship_(FCGI)" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Fellowship</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Membership_(MCGI)" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Membership</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma</a>*, <a href="/wiki/National_Diploma_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Diploma (United Kingdom)">National Diploma</a>*, <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 5 NVQ</a> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Associateship_(ACGI)" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Associateship</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Graduateship_(GCGI)" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Graduateship</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEBOSH#Diplomas" class="mw-redirect" title="NEBOSH">NEBOSH National Diploma</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Diploma_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Diploma (United Kingdom)">National Diploma</a>*, <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma</a>*, <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 5 NVQ</a> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">Higher National Diploma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Higher_National_Certificate" title="Higher National Certificate">Higher National Certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 4 NVQ</a> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 4</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Licentiateship_(LCGI)" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Licentiateship</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 4 NVQ</a> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC Extended Diploma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC National Certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEBOSH#Certificates" class="mw-redirect" title="NEBOSH">NEBOSH National General Certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Access_to_Higher_Education_Diploma" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to Higher Education Diploma">Access to Higher Education Diploma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Extension_Award" title="Advanced Extension Award">Advanced Extension Award</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Baccalaureate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_Project_Qualification" title="Extended Project Qualification">Extended Project Qualification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Pre-U" title="Cambridge Pre-U">Cambridge Pre-U</a>, <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">A-level</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Vocational_qualifications" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Advanced Craft</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 3 NVQ</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/National_Diploma_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diploma (UK)">National Diploma</a>* (historical), <a href="/wiki/Ordinary_National_Certificate" title="Ordinary National Certificate">Ordinary National Certificate</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/14%E2%80%9319_Diploma" title="14–19 Diploma">Advanced Diploma</a> (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a> (grades 9–4 or A*–C), <a href="/wiki/Functional_Skills_Qualification" title="Functional Skills Qualification">Functional Skills</a> (at Level 2), <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC First Diploma</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCR_Nationals" title="OCR Nationals">OCR Nationals</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_and_Guilds_of_London_Institute#Vocational_qualifications" title="City and Guilds of London Institute">City & Guilds Craft</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 2 NVQ</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/Skills_for_Life" title="Skills for Life">Skills for Life</a>* (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Level 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">GCSE</a> (grades 3–1 or D–G), <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and Technology Education Council">BTEC Introductory Diploma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Introductory_Certificate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introductory Certificate (page does not exist)">Introductory Certificate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Functional_Skills_Qualification" title="Functional Skills Qualification">Functional Skills</a> (at Level 1), <a href="/wiki/National_Vocational_Qualification" title="National Vocational Qualification">Level 1 NVQ</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/14%E2%80%9319_Diploma" title="14–19 Diploma">Foundation Diploma</a> (historical), <a href="/wiki/Skills_for_Life" title="Skills for Life">Skills for Life</a>* (historical)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Functional_Skills_Qualification" title="Functional Skills Qualification">Functional Skills</a> (at Entry Level), <a href="/wiki/Skills_for_Life" title="Skills for Life">Skills for Life</a>* (historical),</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* certain subjects fall under this level.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&oldid=1259768076">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Baccalaureate&oldid=1259768076</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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