CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ko" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>생물권 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"ko","wgMonthNames":["","1월","2월","3월","4월","5월","6월","7월","8월","9월","10월","11월","12월"],"wgRequestId":"607b393a-4dc4-491f-b694-02f45a93543a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"생물권","wgTitle":"생물권","wgCurRevisionId":37205195,"wgRevisionId":37205195,"wgArticleId":188948,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서","웹아카이브 틀 웨이백 링크","위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P373을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P227을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P244를 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P268을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P691을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P4613을 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서","위키데이터 속성 P8189를 사용하는 문서","BNF 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","BNFdata 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","GND 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","J9U 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","LCCN 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","NKC 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","EMU 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서","초개체","해양학"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ko","wgPageContentLanguage":"ko","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"생물권","wgRelevantArticleId":188948,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ko","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ko"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q42762","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.SectionFont":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.directcommons","ext.gadget.edittools","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.siteNotice","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.gadget.strikethroughTOC","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.Calculator","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ko&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ko&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ko&modules=ext.gadget.SectionFont&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ko&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.19"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/1200px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="768"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/800px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/640px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="410"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="생물권 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="편집" href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="위키백과 (ko)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ko.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ko"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="위키백과 아톰 피드" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B5%9C%EA%B7%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%80%9C&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-생물권 rootpage-생물권 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">본문으로 이동</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="주 메뉴" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="주 메뉴" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">주 메뉴</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">주 메뉴</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 둘러보기 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" title="대문으로 가기 [z]" accesskey="z"><span>대문</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B5%9C%EA%B7%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%80%9C" title="위키의 최근 바뀐 목록 [r]" accesskey="r"><span>최근 바뀜</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%9A%94%EC%A6%98_%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C" title="최근의 소식 알아 보기"><span>요즘 화제</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%9E%84%EC%9D%98%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="무작위로 선택된 문서 불러오기 [x]" accesskey="x"><span>임의의 문서로</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C"><span>특수 문서 목록</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-사용자_모임" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-사용자_모임" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 사용자 모임 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-projectchat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%91%EB%B0%A9"><span>사랑방</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A8%EC%9E%84" title="위키백과 참여자를 위한 토론/대화 공간입니다."><span>사용자 모임</span></a></li><li id="n-request" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%9A%94%EC%B2%AD"><span>관리 요청</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-편집_안내" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-편집_안내" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 편집 안내 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-helpintro" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C"><span>소개</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90" title="도움말"><span>도움말</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85%EA%B3%BC_%EC%A7%80%EC%B9%A8"><span>정책과 지침</span></a></li><li id="n-qna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A7%88%EB%AC%B8%EB%B0%A9"><span>질문방</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="위키백과" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ko.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ko.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B2%80%EC%83%89" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="위키백과 검색 [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>검색</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="위키백과 검색" aria-label="위키백과 검색" autocapitalize="sentences" title="위키백과 검색 [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="특수:검색"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">검색</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="개인 도구"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="문서의 글꼴 크기, 폭, 색의 모습을 변경합니다" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="보이기" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">보이기</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-유래" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#유래"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>유래</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-유래-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>유래 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-유래-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-좁은_정의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#좁은_정의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>좁은 정의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-좁은_정의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-지구의_생물권" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#지구의_생물권"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>지구의 생물권</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-지구의_생물권-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>지구의 생물권 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-지구의_생물권-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-연령" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#연령"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>연령</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-연령-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-범위" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#범위"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>범위</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-범위-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-연간_변동" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#연간_변동"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>연간 변동</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-연간_변동-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-인공_생물권" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#인공_생물권"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>인공 생물권</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-인공_생물권-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외계_생물권" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외계_생물권"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>외계 생물권</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외계_생물권-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">생물권</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 97개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абиосфера – 압카즈어" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Абиосфера" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="압카즈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfeer" title="Biosfeer – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biosfeer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A" title="محيط حيوي – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محيط حيوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biosfer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Біясфера – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біясфера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Біясфэра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біясфэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="बायोस्फियर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बायोस्फियर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2" title="জীবমণ্ডল – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবমণ্ডল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosferenn" title="Biosferenn – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Biosferenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86" title="ژینگۆ – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینگۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A9ra" title="Biosféra – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biosféra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosffer" title="Biosffer – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Biosffer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A6re" title="Biosfære – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biosfære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosph%C3%A4re" title="Biosphäre – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biosphäre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Βιόσφαιρα – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιόσφαιρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biosphere" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfero" title="Biosfero – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biosfero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B3sfera" title="Biósfera – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biósfera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Biosfäär – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biosfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87" title="زیست‌کره – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیست‌کره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4%C3%A4ri" title="Biosfääri – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Biosfääri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosph%C3%A8re" title="Biosphère – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biosphère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfere" title="Biosfere – 프리울리어" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Biosfere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="프리울리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithsf%C3%A9ar" title="Bithsféar – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bithsféar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="ביוספירה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוספירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2" title="जैवमण्डल – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैवमण्डल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byosf%C3%A8" title="Byosfè – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Byosfè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioszf%C3%A9ra" title="Bioszféra – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bioszféra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Կենսոլորտ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսոլորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biosfer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADfhvolf" title="Lífhvolf – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lífhvolf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%8F" title="生物圏 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Biosfer" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ბიოსფერო – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოსფერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B2" title="ಜೀವ ಮಂಡಲ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೀವ ಮಂಡಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosph%C3%A4r" title="Biosphär – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biosphär" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C4%93ra" title="Biosfēra – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Biosfēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Biosfer" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Биосферась – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Биосферась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ജൈവമണ്ഡലം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവമണ്ഡലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Шим мандал – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шим мандал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfeer" title="Biosfeer – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biosfeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A6re" title="Biosfære – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biosfære" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A6re" title="Biosfære – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biosfære" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A8ra" title="Biosfèra – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biosfèra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baayoosfeerii" title="Baayoosfeerii – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Baayoosfeerii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਜੀਵ-ਮੰਡਲ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੀਵ-ਮੰਡਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="بائیوسفیئر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بائیوسفیئر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بایوسفیر – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بایوسفیر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_pacha" title="Kawsay pacha – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay pacha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfer%C4%83" title="Biosferă – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biosferă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%88" title="حياتي جو دائرو – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حياتي جو دائرو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9B%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ජෛව ගෝලය – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෛව ගෝලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere" title="Biosphere – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biosphere" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A9ra" title="Biosféra – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biosféra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4r" title="Biosfär – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biosfär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிர்க்கோளம் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்க்கோளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5" title="ชีวมณฑล – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวมณฑล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyospero" title="Biyospero – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyospero" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyosfer" title="Biyosfer – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyosfer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Биосфера – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Биосфера" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Біосфера – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біосфера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کرہ حیاتی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرہ حیاتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfera" title="Biosfera – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biosfera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_quy%E1%BB%83n" title="Sinh quyển – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh quyển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosfeer" title="Biosfeer – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Biosfeer" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyospira" title="Biyospira – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyospira" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物圈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ბიოსფერო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიოსფერო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物圈" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物圈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42762#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="이름공간"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="본문 보기 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>문서</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" rel="discussion" title="문서의 내용에 대한 토론 문서 [t]" accesskey="t"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="언어 변종 바꾸기" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">한국어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="보기"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C"><span>읽기</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit" title="이 문서의 원본 코드를 편집 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>편집</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=history" title="이 문서의 과거 편집 내역입니다. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>역사 보기</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="도구" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">도구</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="더 많은 옵션" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 동작 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C"><span>읽기</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit" title="이 문서의 원본 코드를 편집 [e]" accesskey="e"><span>편집</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=history"><span>역사 보기</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 일반 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%82%A4%EB%8A%94%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="여기를 가리키는 모든 위키 문서의 목록 [j]" accesskey="j"><span>여기를 가리키는 문서</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC%EC%B5%9C%EA%B7%BC%EB%B0%94%EB%80%9C/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" rel="nofollow" title="이 문서에서 링크한 문서의 최근 바뀜 [k]" accesskey="k"><span>가리키는 글의 최근 바뀜</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:파일_올리기" title="파일 올리기 [u]" accesskey="u"><span>파일 올리기</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&oldid=37205195" title="이 문서의 이 판에 대한 고유 링크"><span>고유 링크</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=info" title="이 문서에 대한 자세한 정보"><span>문서 정보</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%9D%B4%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%9A%A9&page=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&id=37205195&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="이 문서를 인용하는 방법에 대한 정보"><span>이 문서 인용하기</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fko.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25EC%2583%259D%25EB%25AC%25BC%25EA%25B6%258C"><span>축약된 URL 얻기</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fko.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25EC%2583%259D%25EB%25AC%25BC%25EA%25B6%258C"><span>QR 코드 다운로드</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 인쇄/내보내기 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C"><span>책 만들기</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:DownloadAsPdf&page=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF로 다운로드</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&printable=yes" title="이 문서의 인쇄용 판 [p]" accesskey="p"><span>인쇄용 판</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 다른 프로젝트 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biosphere" hreflang="en"><span>위키미디어 공용</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42762" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> 이 문서는 지구과학, 지질학에 관한 것입니다. 천문학의 생물권(habitable zone)에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%B2%B4_%EA%B1%B0%EC%A3%BC%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5_%EC%98%81%EC%97%AD" title="생명체 거주가능 영역">생명체 거주가능 영역</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/360px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/540px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg/720px-Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>생물권</figcaption></figure> <p><b>생물권</b>(生物圈, biosphere, ecosphere)은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="지구">지구</a>상의 모든 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">기권</a>인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%98%EA%B6%8C" title="대류권">대류권</a>부터, <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B6%8C" title="수권">수권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%EA%B6%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="암권">암권</a>의 표면을 포함한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a>를 총괄하는 말이다. 다른 말로 지구상의 생명체 영역이라고 할 수 있다. 생물권은 물질에 관한 폐쇄적인 시스템으로, 최소한의 입력과 출력을 가지고 있다. 에너지와 관련해서는 광합성이 연간 130테라와트 정도의 비율로 태양에너지를 포획하는 개방형 시스템이다. 그러나 그것은 에너지 균형에 가까운 자율 조절 시스템이다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ColumbiaEncyc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ColumbiaEncyc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 가장 일반적인 이론인 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%84_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="가이아 이론">가이아 이론</a>에 따르면 생물권은 모든 생물과 그들의 관계를 통합한 지구 생태 체계로, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%EC%84%9D%EA%B6%8C" title="암석권">암석권</a>, 빙하, <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B6%8C" title="수권">수권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">기권</a>의 요소와의 상호작용을 포함한다. 생물권은 최소 35억년 전 생체이식(단순 유기화합물 등 무생물에서 자연적으로 생성된 생명)이나 생체생식(생물에서 생성된 생명) 과정을 시작으로 진화한 것으로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20131003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>일반적으로 생물권은 생태계를 포함하는 폐쇄적이고 자율적인 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4_2" title="바이오스피어 2">바이오스피어 2</a>와 BIOS-3 같은 인공 생물권과 다른 행성이나 달에 있을 가능성이 있는 생물권이 포함된다.<sup id="cite_ref-webdictionary.co.uk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webdictionary.co.uk-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="유래"><span id=".EC.9C.A0.EB.9E.98"></span>유래</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 유래"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:90_mile_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/220px-90_mile_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/330px-90_mile_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/90_mile_beach.jpg/440px-90_mile_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>지구의 해변 풍경으로, 암석권(지상), 수권(해양), 기권(공기)을 동시에 보여준다.</figcaption></figure> <p>생물권이라는 용어는 <a href="/wiki/1875%EB%85%84" title="1875년">1875년</a> 지질학자 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%91%90%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%88%98%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에두아르트 수에스 (없는 문서)">에두아르트 수에스</a>(Eduard Suess)가 지구 표면에 생명체가 살고 있는 곳으로 정의했다.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>이 개념이 지질학적인 기원을 가지는 것은, 지구과학에서의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88" title="찰스 다윈">찰스 다윈</a>과 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Fontaine_Maury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury (없는 문서)">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a>의 영향을 받은 것이다. 생물권의 생태학적 맥락은 아서 탠슬리 경이 1935년에 "생태계"라는 용어를 도입하기 전인 1920년대로 거슬러 올라간다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98%EC%B8%A0%ED%82%A4" title="블라디미르 베르나츠키">블라디미르 베르나츠키</a>는 생태학을 생물권의 과학으로 정의했다. 이것은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="천문학">천문학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="지구물리학">지구물리학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%81%ED%95%99" title="기상학">기상학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물지리학">생물지리학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99" title="지질학">지질학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="지구화학">지구화학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="수문학">수문학</a> 그리고 일반적으로 모든 생명과 지구과학을 통합하기 위한 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EC%A0%9C%EA%B0%84_%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="학제간 연구">학제간 연구</a>이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="좁은_정의"><span id=".EC.A2.81.EC.9D.80_.EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98"></span>좁은 정의</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 좁은 정의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지구화학자들은 생물권을 생물체의 총합으로 정의한다. 이 관점에서 생물권은 지구화학 모델의 4가지 구성 요소 중 하나이고 나머지 3가지는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B6%8C" title="지권">지권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EA%B6%8C" title="수권">수권</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0%EA%B6%8C" title="지구 대기권">기권</a>이다. 이 4가지의 구성 요소가 하나의 시스템으로 결합되면, 이것을 생태권(Ecosphere (planetary))이라고 한다. 이 용어는 1960년대에 만들어졌으며, 생물학적, 물리적 구성 요소를 모두 포함한다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>제2차 국제폐쇄생물시스템회의는 생물권을 지구 생물권의 아날로그와 모델, 즉 인공 지구 생물권의 과학과 기술로 정의했다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그 외에 인간 중심 생물권 또는 화성 토종 생물권과 같이 생물권학의 일부로서 인위적인 비지구 생물권의 창조를 포함할 수 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="지구의_생물권"><span id=".EC.A7.80.EA.B5.AC.EC.9D.98_.EC.83.9D.EB.AC.BC.EA.B6.8C"></span>지구의 생물권</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 지구의 생물권"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="연령"><span id=".EC.97.B0.EB.A0.B9"></span>연령</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 연령"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg/200px-Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg/300px-Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg/400px-Stromatolithe_Pal%C3%A9oarch%C3%A9en_-_MNHT.PAL.2009.10.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5185" data-file-height="3655" /></a><figcaption>32~36억년 전(추정)에 만들어진 스트로마톨라이트 화석</figcaption></figure> <p>지구상에 생명체가 존재한다는 가장 최초의 증거는 서부 그린란드의 37억년 된 변형 퇴적암에서 발견된 생물성 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%97%B0" title="흑연">흑연</a>과<sup id="cite_ref-NG-20131208_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-20131208-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 서부 호주의 34억 8천만년 된 사암에서 발견된 미생물 매트 화석이다.<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20131113_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20131113-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AST-20131108_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AST-20131108-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2015년에는 서부 호주에 있는 41억 년 된 암석들에서 "생물 생물들의 잔해"가 발견되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20151019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20151019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PNAS-20151014-pdf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PNAS-20151014-pdf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2017년 캐나다 퀘벡주 누부아기투크 벨트에서 42억 8000만년 된 열수 분출구에서 화석 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="미생물">미생물</a>이 발견돼 44억년 만에 지구상에서 가장 오래된 생명 기록인 '거의 순간적으로 생명체가 출현했다'는 주장이 제기됐다.<sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20170301_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20170301-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20170301_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20170301-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20170301_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20170301-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4.3b_oldest_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4.3b_oldest-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이에 대해 생물학자 스티븐 블레어 헤지스는, "만약 생명체가 지구에서 비교적 빨리 발생한다면 그것은 우주에서 흔한 일이 될 수 있다."라고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-AP-20151019_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-20151019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="범위"><span id=".EB.B2.94.EC.9C.84"></span>범위</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 범위"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ruppelsvulture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ruppelsvulture.jpg/170px-Ruppelsvulture.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ruppelsvulture.jpg/255px-Ruppelsvulture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ruppelsvulture.jpg/340px-Ruppelsvulture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>루펠독수리</figcaption></figure> <p>극지방의 만년설에서 적도에 이르는 행성의 모든 부분에는 어떤 종류의 생명체가 살고 있다. 최근의 발전된 미생물학은 미생물이 지구 지표면 아래 깊숙이 살고 있으며, 소위 "거주자 없는 지역"의 미생물 총량이 지표면의 모든 생물을 초과할 수 있다는 것을 입증했다. 지구상의 생물권의 실제 두께는 측정하기 어렵다. 새들은 일반적으로 1,800m의 고도에서 날고 물고기는 심해 8,372m의 푸에르토리코 해구 수중에서 살 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_2006_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell_2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>지구상에 생명체가 살고 있는 극단적인 예가 더 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8E%A0%EB%8F%85%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC" title="루펠독수리">루펠독수리</a>는 11,300m 고도에서 발견된 적이 있다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EA%B8%B0%EB%9F%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="줄기러기">줄기러기</a>는 최소 8,300m의 고도에서 이동한다. 야크는 5,400m 높이에서 살 수 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%B0%EB%B0%94%EC%9C%84%EC%82%B0%EC%96%91" title="흰바위산양">흰바위산양</a>은 3,050m 높이에서 살 수 있다. 이 고도에 있는 초식 동물들은 이끼, 풀, 허브에 의존한다. </p><p>생명체들은 흙, 온천, 지하 19km의 바위 안쪽, 가장 깊은 심해, 그리고 대기권 64km를 포함한 지구 생물권의 모든 부분에 살고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-SD-19980625-UG_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-19980625-UG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABM-20150112_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABM-20150112-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20151124_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20151124-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="미생물">미생물</a>은 우주의 진공에서 살아남는 것이 관찰되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Dose_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dose-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Horneck_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horneck-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 토양 및 지표면 아래 세균성 탄소의 총량은 5 × 10<sup>17</sup>g으로 추정된다.<sup id="cite_ref-SD-19980625-UG_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SD-19980625-UG-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 원핵생물 미생물(세균과 고생물을 포함하지만 핵생성 진핵생물 미생물은 포함하지 않음)의 질량은 약 0.8조 톤의 탄소 정도일 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-AGCI-2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGCI-2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 지구 해양에서 가장 깊은 곳인 마리아나 해구에서 수심 10,000m 이상에서 사는 해양 미생물이 발견되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 사실, 단세포 생명체들은 마리아나 해구의 가장 깊은 부분인 챌린저 해협의 수심 11,034m에서 발견되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20130317-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NG-20130317_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-20130317-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 다른 연구원들은 미생물이 일본 해저 2,400m뿐만 아니라 미국 북서부 해안에서 2,590m 아래 해저 580m까지 암석 내부에서 번식한다고 보고했다.<sup id="cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20130317-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LS-20130314_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20130314-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC-20141215-RM_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-20141215-RM-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 배양 가능한 열친화성 미생물은 스웨덴에서 지구 지각에 5,000m 이상 구멍을 뚫은 중심부의 65~75°C 사이의 바위에서 추출되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-Szewzyketal1994_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szewzyketal1994-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 온도는 지각 깊이가 깊어질수록 높아진다. 온도가 상승하는 속도는 지각의 종류, 암석 종류, 지리적 위치 등 많은 요인에 따라 달라진다. 미생물 생물이 존재할 수 있는 가장 큰 온도는 122°C(252°F)이며, '깊은 생물권'의 생명 한계는 절대 깊이가 아닌 온도로 정의될 가능성이 높다. 2014년 8월 20일, 과학자들은 남극의 얼음 아래 800m 지점에 사는 미생물의 존재를 확인했다.<sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20140820_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20140820-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRB-20140820_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRB-20140820-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 한 연구원은 어디에서나 미생물을 찾을 수 있고 미생물은 환경에 매우 잘 적응하며, 어디에 있든 살아남는다고 주장한다.<sup id="cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LS-20130317-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>생물권은 여러 생물체로 나뉘며, 상당히 비슷한 동식물들이 살고 있다. 육지에서는 생물체가 주로 위도에 의해 분리된다. 북극권과 남극권 내에 있는 육상 생물체는 생물체가 상대적으로 척박한 반면, 개체 수가 더 많은 생물체는 대부분 적도 근처에 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="연간_변동"><span id=".EC.97.B0.EA.B0.84_.EB.B3.80.EB.8F.99"></span>연간 변동</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 연간 변동"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Mollweide_Cycle.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="On land, vegetation appears on a scale from brown (low vegetation) to dark green (heavy vegetation); at the ocean surface, phytoplankton are indicated on a scale from purple (low) to yellow (high). This visualization was created with data from satellites including SeaWiFS, and instruments including the NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer."><img alt="On land, vegetation appears on a scale from brown (low vegetation) to dark green (heavy vegetation); at the ocean surface, phytoplankton are indicated on a scale from purple (low) to yellow (high). This visualization was created with data from satellites including SeaWiFS, and instruments including the NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mollweide_Cycle.gif/660px-Mollweide_Cycle.gif" decoding="async" width="660" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Mollweide_Cycle.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>On land, vegetation appears on a scale from brown (low vegetation) to dark green (heavy vegetation); at the ocean surface, phytoplankton are indicated on a scale from purple (low) to yellow (high). This visualization was created with data from satellites including SeaWiFS, and instruments including the NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="인공_생물권"><span id=".EC.9D.B8.EA.B3.B5_.EC.83.9D.EB.AC.BC.EA.B6.8C"></span>인공 생물권</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 인공 생물권"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biosphere 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg/220px-Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg/330px-Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg/440px-Biosphere_2_4888964549.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="1542" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="애리조나주">애리조나주</a>에 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4_2" title="바이오스피어 2">바이오스피어 2</a></figcaption></figure> <p>인공 생물권은 생태계와 지구 밖의 생명체를 지원할 수 있는 가능성을 연구하기 위해 만들어졌다. 아래와 같은 지상 실험실이 포함된다. </p> <ul><li>미국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%A1%B0%EB%82%98%EC%A3%BC" title="애리조나주">애리조나주</a>에 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%96%B4_2" title="바이오스피어 2">바이오스피어 2</a> (13,000 m<sup>2</sup>).</li> <li>당시 소련에 있었던 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시베리아">시베리아</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4%EB%85%B8%EC%95%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC" title="크라스노야르스크">크라스노야르스크</a> 생물물리학 연구소의 BIOS-1, BIOS-2, BIOS-3.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>일본에 있는 바이오스피어 J (CEEF, 폐쇄 생태 실험 시설)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>바르셀로나 자치대학의 미시생태적 생명유지 시스템 대안 (MELiSSA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외계_생물권"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EA.B3.84_.EC.83.9D.EB.AC.BC.EA.B6.8C"></span>외계 생물권</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 외계 생물권"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>지구 밖에서는 어떠한 생물권도 발견되지 않았다. 따라서, 외계 생물권의 존재는 가설로 남아 있다. <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%AC%EA%B7%80%ED%95%9C_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC_%EA%B0%80%EC%84%A4" title="희귀한 지구 가설">희귀한 지구 가설</a>은 그들이 매우 희귀해야 한다고 주장하며, 미생물로만 구성된 것을 구해야 한다고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 반면에, 많은 행성들을 볼 때, 적어도 우리 은하에서는 지구 유사체들이 꽤 많을 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/TRAPPIST-1" title="TRAPPIST-1">TRAPPIST-1</a>의 궤도를 도는 행성 중 세 개는 생물권을 포함할 수 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90" title="생명의 기원">생명의 기원</a>에 대한 제한된 이해로 볼 때, 이 행성들 중 몇 퍼센트가 실제로 생물권을 발달시키는지 현재 알려져 있지 않다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%ED%94%8C%EB%9F%AC_%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EB%A7%9D%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD" title="케플러 우주망원경">케플러 우주망원경</a> 팀의 관측에 따르면 생물발생 확률이 1~1000보다 높을 경우 외계 생물권은 지구에서 100광년 이내에 있어야 한다는 계산이 나왔다.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>미래에는 예를 들어 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%98_%ED%85%8C%EB%9D%BC%ED%8F%AC%EB%B0%8D" title="화성의 테라포밍">화성의 테라포밍</a>으로 인공 생물권이 만들어질 수도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="포털:생태학">생태학 포털</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="포털:지구과학">지구과학 포털</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34752755">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%9E%A5%EC%B9%98" title="생명 유지 장치">생명 유지 장치</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%A0%EA%B6%8C" title="정신권">정신권</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nealson, Kenneth H.; Zeki, S.; Conrad, Pamela G. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692713">“Life: past, present and future”</a>. 《Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences》 <b>354</b> (1392): 1923–1939. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.1999.0532">10.1098/rstb.1999.0532</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692713">1692713</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10670014">10670014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London.+Series+B%3A+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Life%3A+past%2C+present+and+future&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=1392&rft.pages=1923-1939&rft.date=1999&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692713&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10670014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.1999.0532&rft.aulast=Nealson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+H.&rft.au=Zeki%2C+S.&rft.au=Conrad%2C+Pamela+G.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1692713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColumbiaEncyc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ColumbiaEncyc_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027194858/http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/biosphere.jsp">"Biosphere"</a> in <i>The Columbia Encyclopedia</i>, 6th ed. (2004) Columbia University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell_2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_2006_3-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_2006_3-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102041816/http://www.phschool.com/el_marketing.html">《Biology: Exploring Life》</a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-13-250882-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-13-250882-7"><bdi>978-0-13-250882-7</bdi></a>. 2014년 11월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phschool.com/el_marketing.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2008년 9월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology%3A+Exploring+Life&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Pearson+Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-250882-7&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Neil+A.&rft.au=Brad+Williamson&rft.au=Robin+J.+Heyden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phschool.com%2Fel_marketing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20131003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20131003_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Zimmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Zimmer (없는 문서)">Zimmer, Carl</a> (2013년 10월 3일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003185748/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/03/science/earths-oxygen-a-mystery-easy-to-take-for-granted.html">“Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>》. 2013년 10월 3일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/03/science/earths-oxygen-a-mystery-easy-to-take-for-granted.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 10월 3일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Earth%27s+Oxygen%3A+A+Mystery+Easy+to+Take+for+Granted&rft.date=2013-10-03&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F10%2F03%2Fscience%2Fearths-oxygen-a-mystery-easy-to-take-for-granted.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webdictionary.co.uk-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-webdictionary.co.uk_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002225222/http://www.webdictionary.co.uk/definition.php?query=biosphere">“Meaning of biosphere”</a>. 《WebDictionary.co.uk》. WebDictionary.co.uk. 2011년 10월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webdictionary.co.uk/definition.php?query=biosphere">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2010년 11월 12일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WebDictionary.co.uk&rft.atitle=Meaning+of+biosphere&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webdictionary.co.uk%2Fdefinition.php%3Fquery%3Dbiosphere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suess, E. (1875) <i>Die Entstehung Der Alpen</i> [<i>The Origin of the Alps</i>]. Vienna: W. Braunmuller.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Möller, Detlev (December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryclimate00mlle">《Chemistry of the Climate System》</a>. De Gruyter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryclimate00mlle/page/n136">118</a>–119쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-3-11-022835-9" title="특수:책찾기/978-3-11-022835-9"><bdi>978-3-11-022835-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Climate+System&rft.pages=118-119&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2010-12&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022835-9&rft.aulast=M%C3%B6ller&rft.aufirst=Detlev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchemistryclimate00mlle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bebarta, Kailash Chandra (2011). 《Dictionary of Forestry and Wildlife Science》. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. 45쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-81-8069-719-7" title="특수:책찾기/978-81-8069-719-7"><bdi>978-81-8069-719-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Forestry+and+Wildlife+Science&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-8069-719-7&rft.aulast=Bebarta&rft.aufirst=Kailash+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NG-20131208-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NG-20131208_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ohtomo, Yoko; Kakegawa, Takeshi; Ishida, Akizumi; Nagase, Toshiro; Rosing, Minik T. (2013년 12월 8일). “Evidence for biogenic graphite in early Archaean Isua metasedimentary rocks”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Geoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Geoscience (없는 문서)">Nature Geoscience</a>》 <b>7</b> (1): 25–28. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014NatGe...7...25O">2014NatGe...7...25O</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo2025">10.1038/ngeo2025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+biogenic+graphite+in+early+Archaean+Isua+metasedimentary+rocks&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-28&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fngeo2025&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014NatGe...7...25O&rft.aulast=Ohtomo&rft.aufirst=Yoko&rft.au=Kakegawa%2C+Takeshi&rft.au=Ishida%2C+Akizumi&rft.au=Nagase%2C+Toshiro&rft.au=Rosing%2C+Minik+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-20131113-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AP-20131113_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Borenstein, Seth (2013년 11월 13일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150629230719/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html">“Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>》. 2015년 6월 29일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apnews.excite.com/article/20131113/DAA1VSC01.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 11월 15일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Oldest+fossil+found%3A+Meet+your+microbial+mom&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.aulast=Borenstein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapnews.excite.com%2Farticle%2F20131113%2FDAA1VSC01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AST-20131108-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AST-20131108_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Noffke, Nora; Christian, Daniel; Wacey, David; Hazen, Robert M. (2013년 11월 8일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870916">“Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures Recording an Ancient Ecosystem in the ca. 3.48 Billion-Year-Old Dresser Formation, Pilbara, Western Australia”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrobiology_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrobiology (journal) (없는 문서)">Astrobiology</a>》 <b>13</b> (12): 1103–24. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AsBio..13.1103N">2013AsBio..13.1103N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1089%2Fast.2013.1030">10.1089/ast.2013.1030</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870916">3870916</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205812">24205812</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology&rft.atitle=Microbially+Induced+Sedimentary+Structures+Recording+an+Ancient+Ecosystem+in+the+ca.+3.48+Billion-Year-Old+Dresser+Formation%2C+Pilbara%2C+Western+Australia&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1103-24&rft.date=2013-11-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3870916&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24205812&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Fast.2013.1030&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013AsBio..13.1103N&rft.aulast=Noffke&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft.au=Christian%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Wacey%2C+David&rft.au=Hazen%2C+Robert+M.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3870916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP-20151019-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AP-20151019_12-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-AP-20151019_12-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Borenstein, Seth (2015년 10월 19일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001171406/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html">“Hints of life on what was thought to be desolate early Earth”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Excite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Excite (없는 문서)">Excite</a>》 (Yonkers, NY: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mindspark_Interactive_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mindspark Interactive Network (없는 문서)">Mindspark Interactive Network</a>). <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 2018년 10월 1일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apnews.excite.com/article/20151019/us-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2018년 10월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Excite&rft.atitle=Hints+of+life+on+what+was+thought+to+be+desolate+early+Earth&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft.aulast=Borenstein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapnews.excite.com%2Farticle%2F20151019%2Fus-sci--earliest_life-a400435d0d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PNAS-20151014-pdf-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PNAS-20151014-pdf_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Bell, Elizabeth A.; Boehnike, Patrick; Harrison, T. Mark; 외. (2015년 10월 19일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664351">“Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon”</a>. 《Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.》 <b>112</b> (47): 14518–21. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PNAS..11214518B">2015PNAS..11214518B</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1517557112">10.1073/pnas.1517557112</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4664351">4664351</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26483481">26483481</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Potentially+biogenic+carbon+preserved+in+a+4.1+billion-year-old+zircon&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=47&rft.pages=14518-21&rft.date=2015-10-19&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4664351&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26483481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1517557112&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PNAS..11214518B&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Boehnike%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Harrison%2C+T.+Mark&rft.au=Mao%2C+Wendy+L.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4664351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Early edition, published online before print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAT-20170301-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20170301_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dodd, Matthew S.; Papineau, Dominic; Grenne, Tor; Slack, John F.; Rittner, Martin; Pirajno, Franco; O'Neil, Jonathan; Little, Crispin T. S. (2017년 3월 2일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180723232142/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/1/ppnature21377_Dodd_for%20Symplectic.pdf">“Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《Nature》 <b>343</b> (7643): 60–64. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.543...60D">2017Natur.543...60D</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature21377">10.1038/nature21377</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28252057">28252057</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%A7%A8%ED%8B%B1_%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%9D%BC" title="시맨틱 스칼라">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2420384">2420384</a>. 2018년 7월 23일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/1/ppnature21377_Dodd_for%20Symplectic.pdf">원본 문서</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2019년 2월 19일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+early+life+in+Earth%27s+oldest+hydrothermal+vent+precipitates&rft.volume=343&rft.issue=7643&rft.pages=60-64&rft.date=2017-03-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature21377&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2420384&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28252057&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Natur.543...60D&rft.au=Dodd%2C+Matthew+S.&rft.au=Papineau%2C+Dominic&rft.au=Grenne%2C+Tor&rft.au=Slack%2C+John+F.&rft.au=Rittner%2C+Martin&rft.au=Pirajno%2C+Franco&rft.au=O%27Neil%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Little%2C+Crispin+T.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.whiterose.ac.uk%2F112179%2F1%2Fppnature21377_Dodd_for%2520Symplectic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20170301-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20170301_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Zimmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Zimmer (없는 문서)">Zimmer, Carl</a> (2017년 3월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302042424/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/science/earths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html">“Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>》. 2017년 3월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/science/earths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 2일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scientists+Say+Canadian+Bacteria+Fossils+May+Be+Earth%27s+Oldest&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F01%2Fscience%2Fearths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-20170301-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20170301_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ghosh, Pallab (2017년 3월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302002134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39117523">“Earliest evidence of life on Earth 'found”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》. 2017년 3월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39117523">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 2일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Earliest+evidence+of+life+on+Earth+%27found&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Pallab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-39117523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4.3b_oldest-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4.3b_oldest_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Dunham, Will (2017년 3월 1일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302114728/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN16858B?sp=true">“Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Reuters" class="mw-redirect" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>》. 2017년 3월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN16858B?sp=true">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 1일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Canadian+bacteria-like+fossils+called+oldest+evidence+of+life&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.aulast=Dunham&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCAKBN16858B%3Fsp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SD-19980625-UG-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SD-19980625-UG_18-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SD-19980625-UG_18-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">University of Georgia (1998년 8월 25일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110162101/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/08/980825080732.htm">“First-Ever Scientific Estimate Of Total Bacteria On Earth Shows Far Greater Numbers Than Ever Known Before”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_Daily&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Science Daily (없는 문서)">Science Daily</a>》. 2014년 11월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/08/980825080732.htm">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 11월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=First-Ever+Scientific+Estimate+Of+Total+Bacteria+On+Earth+Shows+Far+Greater+Numbers+Than+Ever+Known+Before&rft.date=1998-08-25&rft.au=University+of+Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F1998%2F08%2F980825080732.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABM-20150112-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ABM-20150112_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hadhazy, Adam (2015년 1월 12일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312065614/http://www.astrobio.net/extreme-life/life-might-thrive-dozen-miles-beneath-earths-surface/">“Life Might Thrive a Dozen Miles Beneath Earth's Surface”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrobiology_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrobiology Magazine (없는 문서)">Astrobiology Magazine</a>》. 2017년 3월 12일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/extreme-life/life-might-thrive-dozen-miles-beneath-earths-surface/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft.atitle=Life+Might+Thrive+a+Dozen+Miles+Beneath+Earth%27s+Surface&rft.date=2015-01-12&rft.aulast=Hadhazy&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrobio.net%2Fextreme-life%2Flife-might-thrive-dozen-miles-beneath-earths-surface%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-20151124-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20151124_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fox-Skelly, Jasmin (2015년 11월 24일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125013248/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151124-meet-the-strange-creatures-that-live-in-solid-rock-deep-underground">“The Strange Beasts That Live In Solid Rock Deep Underground”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a>》. 2016년 11월 25일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151124-meet-the-strange-creatures-that-live-in-solid-rock-deep-underground">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 3월 11일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=The+Strange+Beasts+That+Live+In+Solid+Rock+Deep+Underground&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.aulast=Fox-Skelly&rft.aufirst=Jasmin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20151124-meet-the-strange-creatures-that-live-in-solid-rock-deep-underground&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dose-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dose_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zhang, K. Dose; A. Bieger-Dose; R. Dillmann; M. Gill; O. Kerz (1995). A. Klein, H. Meinert, T. Nawroth, S. Risi, C. Stride. “ERA-experiment "space biochemistry<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>”. 《Advances in Space Research》 <b>16</b> (8): 119–129. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AdSpR..16..119D">1995AdSpR..16..119D</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0273-1177%2895%2900280-R">10.1016/0273-1177(95)00280-R</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11542696">11542696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.atitle=ERA-experiment+%22space+biochemistry%22&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=119-129&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11542696&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0273-1177%2895%2900280-R&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995AdSpR..16..119D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=K.+Dose&rft.au=A.+Bieger-Dose&rft.au=R.+Dillmann&rft.au=M.+Gill&rft.au=O.+Kerz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horneck-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Horneck_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Horneck G; Eschweiler U; Reitz G; Wehner J; Willimek R; Strauch K. (1995). “Biological responses to space: results of the experiment "Exobiological Unit" of ERA on EURECA I”. 《Adv. Space Res.》 <b>16</b> (8): 105–18. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995AdSpR..16..105H">1995AdSpR..16..105H</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0273-1177%2895%2900279-N">10.1016/0273-1177(95)00279-N</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11542695">11542695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adv.+Space+Res.&rft.atitle=Biological+responses+to+space%3A+results+of+the+experiment+%22Exobiological+Unit%22+of+ERA+on+EURECA+I&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=105-18&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11542695&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0273-1177%2895%2900279-N&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995AdSpR..16..105H&rft.au=Horneck+G&rft.au=Eschweiler+U&rft.au=Reitz+G&rft.au=Wehner+J&rft.au=Willimek+R&rft.au=Strauch+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGCI-2014-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AGCI-2014_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Staff (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110164609/http://www.agci.org/classroom/biosphere/index.php">“The Biosphere”</a>. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Given_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Given Institute (없는 문서)">Aspen Global Change Institute</a>》. 2014년 11월 10일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agci.org/classroom/biosphere/index.php">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 11월 10일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aspen+Global+Change+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Biosphere&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agci.org%2Fclassroom%2Fbiosphere%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Takamia; 외. (1997). “Microbial flora in the deepest sea mud of the Mariana Trench”. 《FEMS Microbiology Letters》 <b>152</b> (2): 279–285. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.1997.tb10440.x">10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10440.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9231422">9231422</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Microbial+flora+in+the+deepest+sea+mud+of+the+Mariana+Trench&rft.volume=152&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=279-285&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1574-6968.1997.tb10440.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9231422&rft.au=Takamia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822121902/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html">“National Geographic, 2005”</a>. 2012년 8월 22일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0203_050203_deepest.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2012년 12월 18일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Geographic%2C+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F02%2F0203_050203_deepest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-20130317-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LS-20130317_26-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Choi, Charles Q. (2013년 3월 17일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402234623/http://www.livescience.com/27954-microbes-mariana-trench.html">“Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=LiveScience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LiveScience (없는 문서)">LiveScience</a>. 2013년 4월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/27954-microbes-mariana-trench.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 3월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microbes+Thrive+in+Deepest+Spot+on+Earth&rft.pub=LiveScience&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles+Q.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F27954-microbes-mariana-trench.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NG-20130317-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NG-20130317_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Glud, Ronnie; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Middelboe, Mathias; Oguri, Kazumasa; Turnewitsch, Robert; Canfield, Donald E.; Kitazato, Hiroshi (2013년 3월 17일). “High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth”. 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nature_Geoscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nature Geoscience (없는 문서)">Nature Geoscience</a>》 <b>6</b> (4): 284–288. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013NatGe...6..284G">2013NatGe...6..284G</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo1773">10.1038/ngeo1773</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.atitle=High+rates+of+microbial+carbon+turnover+in+sediments+in+the+deepest+oceanic+trench+on+Earth&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=284-288&rft.date=2013-03-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fngeo1773&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013NatGe...6..284G&rft.aulast=Glud&rft.aufirst=Ronnie&rft.au=Wenzh%C3%B6fer%2C+Frank&rft.au=Middelboe%2C+Mathias&rft.au=Oguri%2C+Kazumasa&rft.au=Turnewitsch%2C+Robert&rft.au=Canfield%2C+Donald+E.&rft.au=Kitazato%2C+Hiroshi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LS-20130314-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LS-20130314_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Oskin, Becky (2013년 3월 14일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402235647/http://www.livescience.com/27899-ocean-subsurface-ecosystem-found.html">“Intraterrestrials: Life Thrives in Ocean Floor”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=LiveScience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LiveScience (없는 문서)">LiveScience</a>. 2013년 4월 2일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/27899-ocean-subsurface-ecosystem-found.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2013년 3월 17일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intraterrestrials%3A+Life+Thrives+in+Ocean+Floor&rft.pub=LiveScience&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.aulast=Oskin&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F27899-ocean-subsurface-ecosystem-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-20141215-RM-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC-20141215-RM_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Morelle, Rebecca (2014년 12월 15일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216185424/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30489814">“Microbes discovered by deepest marine drill analysed”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>》. 2014년 12월 16일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-30489814">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 12월 15일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Microbes+discovered+by+deepest+marine+drill+analysed&rft.date=2014-12-15&rft.aulast=Morelle&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-30489814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szewzyketal1994-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Szewzyketal1994_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Szewzyk, U; Szewzyk, R; Stenstrom, TR. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC43253">“Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden”</a>. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA》 <b>91</b> (5): 1810–1813. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PNAS...91.1810S">1994PNAS...91.1810S</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.91.5.1810">10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC43253">43253</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11607462">11607462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+USA&rft.atitle=Thermophilic%2C+anaerobic+bacteria+isolated+from+a+deep+borehole+in+granite+in+Sweden&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1810-1813&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC43253&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11607462&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.91.5.1810&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994PNAS...91.1810S&rft.aulast=Szewzyk&rft.aufirst=U&rft.au=Szewzyk%2C+R&rft.au=Stenstrom%2C+TR.&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC43253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAT-20140820-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20140820_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fox, Douglas (2014년 8월 20일). “Lakes under the ice: Antarctica's secret garden”. 《<a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>》 <b>512</b> (7514): 244–246. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.512..244F">2014Natur.512..244F</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F512244a">10.1038/512244a</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143097">25143097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Lakes+under+the+ice%3A+Antarctica%27s+secret+garden&rft.volume=512&rft.issue=7514&rft.pages=244-246&rft.date=2014-08-20&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25143097&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F512244a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Natur.512..244F&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRB-20140820-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FRB-20140820_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mack, Eric (2014년 8월 20일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822002442/http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2014/08/20/life-confirmed-under-antarctic-ice-is-space-next/">“Life Confirmed Under Antarctic Ice; Is Space Next?”</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/Forbes" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>》. 2014년 8월 22일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2014/08/20/life-confirmed-under-antarctic-ice-is-space-next/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2014년 8월 21일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Life+Confirmed+Under+Antarctic+Ice%3B+Is+Space+Next%3F&rft.date=2014-08-20&rft.aulast=Mack&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fericmack%2F2014%2F08%2F20%2Flife-confirmed-under-antarctic-ice-is-space-next%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Salisbury FB; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Gitelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Gitelson (없는 문서)">Gitelson JI</a>; Lisovsky GM (Oct 1997). “Bios-3: Siberian experiments in bioregenerative life support”. 《BioScience》 <b>47</b> (9): 575–85. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F1313164">10.2307/1313164</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1313164">1313164</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540303">11540303</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=Bios-3%3A+Siberian+experiments+in+bioregenerative+life+support&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=575-85&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11540303&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1313164&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1313164&rft.au=Salisbury+FB&rft.au=Gitelson+JI&rft.au=Lisovsky+GM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Nakano; 외. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318080342/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002396764/">“Dynamic Simulation of Pressure Control System for the Closed Ecology Experiment Facility”</a>. 《Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B》 <b>64</b> (617): 107–114. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1299%2Fkikaib.64.107">10.1299/kikaib.64.107</a>. 2012년 3월 18일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002396764/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2009년 11월 14일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Japan+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers+Series+B&rft.atitle=Dynamic+Simulation+of+Pressure+Control+System+for+the+Closed+Ecology+Experiment+Facility&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=617&rft.pages=107-114&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1299%2Fkikaib.64.107&rft.au=Nakano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F110002396764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108174355/http://www.ies.or.jp/index_e.html">“Institute for Environmental Sciences”</a>. Ies.or.jp. 2011년 11월 8일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ies.or.jp/index_e.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2011년 11월 8일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institute+for+Environmental+Sciences&rft.pub=Ies.or.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ies.or.jp%2Findex_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ward, Peter D.; Brownlee, Donald (2004). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rare_Earth_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rare Earth (book) (없는 문서)">Rare earth: why complex life is uncommon in the universe</a>》 2 rev.판. New York: Copernicus. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-0-387-95289-5" title="특수:책찾기/978-0-387-95289-5"><bdi>978-0-387-95289-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rare+earth%3A+why+complex+life+is+uncommon+in+the+universe&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd+rev.&rft.pub=Copernicus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-387-95289-5&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rft.au=Brownlee%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Choi, Charles Q. (2011년 3월 21일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824002233/https://www.space.com/11188-alien-earths-planets-sun-stars.html">“New Estimate for Alien Earths: 2 Billion in Our Galaxy Alone”</a>. 《Space.com》. 2017년 8월 24일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/11188-alien-earths-planets-sun-stars.html">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 9월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=New+Estimate+for+Alien+Earths%3A+2+Billion+in+Our+Galaxy+Alone&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Charles+Q.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F11188-alien-earths-planets-sun-stars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rees, Sir Martin (2017년 2월 22일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925175603/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/02/22/many-life-supporting-planets-soon-will-see-clearly/">“These new worlds are just the start. There are many more life-supporting planets out there waiting to be discovered”</a>. 《The Telegraph》. 2017년 9월 25일에 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2017/02/22/many-life-supporting-planets-soon-will-see-clearly/">원본 문서</a>에서 보존된 문서<span class="reference-accessdate">. 2017년 9월 25일에 확인함</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=These+new+worlds+are+just+the+start.+There+are+many+more+life-supporting+planets+out+there+waiting+to+be+discovered&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Sir+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscience%2F2017%2F02%2F22%2Fmany-life-supporting-planets-soon-will-see-clearly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Amri Wandel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269116658_On_the_abundance_of_extraterrestrial_life_after_the_Kepler_mission">On the abundance of extraterrestrial life after the Kepler mission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817225423/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269116658_On_the_abundance_of_extraterrestrial_life_after_the_Kepler_mission">보관됨</a> 2018-08-17 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zubrin, Robert; Wagner, Richard (2011). 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Case_for_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Case for Mars (없는 문서)">The Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet and Why We Must</a>》. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1451608113" title="특수:책찾기/978-1451608113"><bdi>978-1451608113</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Mars%3A+The+Plan+to+Settle+the+Red+Planet+and+Why+We+Must&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1451608113&rft.au=Zubrin%2C+Robert&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:", ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-slash li:after{content:" / ";font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501015">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="생물학" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38585741">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀토론:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="특수:문서편집/틀:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="생물학" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>소개 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99_%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전학 소개 (없는 문서)">유전학</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94_%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="진화 소개 (없는 문서)">진화</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학 개요 (없는 문서)">개요</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="생물학의 역사">역사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B3%BC_%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학과 유기화학의 연표 (없는 문서)">연표</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC_%EC%83%89%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학 기사 색인 (없는 문서)">색인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생명의 위계 (없는 문서)">생명의 위계</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생물권</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B5%B0%EC%A7%91" title="생물군집">군집</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="개체군">개체군</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="생물">개체</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="기관계">기관계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="기관 (해부학)">기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조직 (생물학)">조직</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포">세포</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="세포소기관">세포소기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B3%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="생체분자 복합체">생체분자 복합체</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체고분자">생체고분자</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체분자">생체분자</a>) > <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">기초</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="세포 이론">세포설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태학">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="에너지">에너지 전환</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1" title="항상성">항상성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="분류학">분류학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">원리</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" title="적응">적응</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B5%9C%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="최초의 생명체 (없는 문서)">최초의 생명체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%A5_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="기능 (생물학)">기능</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%80%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="유전자 부동">유전적 부동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99" title="유전자 이동">유전자 흐름</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="대진화">대진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="소진화">소진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EC%97%B0%EB%B3%80%EC%9D%B4" title="돌연변이">돌연변이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9D" title="자연선택">자연선택</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94" title="종분화">종분화</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태학">생태학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC_%EB%8B%A4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1" title="생물 다양성">생물 다양성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8_%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="생물 사이의 상호 작용">생물학적 상호작용</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%B0%EC%A7%91_(%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="군집 (생태학) (없는 문서)">군집</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%8B%9D%EC%A7%80" title="서식지">서식지</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%A7%80%EC%9C%84" title="생태적 지위">생태적 지위</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마이크로바이옴 (없는 문서)">마이크로바이옴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="개체군">개체군</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자원 (생물학) (없는 문서)">자원</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="세포 신호">세포 신호전달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="발생생물학">발생</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="후성유전학">후성유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="유전자 발현의 조절">유전자 발현의 조절</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%88%98_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="감수 분열">감수 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="유사 분열">유사 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="전사 후 변형">전사 후 변형</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="단백질">단백질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="탄수화물">탄수화물</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88" class="mw-disambig" title="지질">지질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0" title="핵산">핵산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="효소">효소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="물질대사">물질대사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%ED%98%B8%ED%9D%A1" title="세포 호흡">세포 호흡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="광합성">광합성</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">하위 분야</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99" title="해부학">해부학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물지리학">생물지리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="생물역학">생물역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물리학">생물리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%99" title="생물정보학">생물정보학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%95%99" title="생물통계학">생물통계학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="생명공학">생명공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학">식물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학">세포생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세포미생물학 (없는 문서)">세포미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="시간생물학">시간생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인지생물학 (없는 문서)">인지생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="계산생물학">계산생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="보전생물학">보전생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="발생 생물학">발생생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태학">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_(%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99)" title="역학 (의학)">역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="후성유전학">후성유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화생물학">진화생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화발생생물학">진화발생생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="유전체학">유전체학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%ED%95%99" title="조직학">조직학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="인간생물학">인체생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="면역학">면역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="지질학 (생물학)">지질학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="해양생물학">해양생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="수리생물학">수리생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="미생물학">미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%A0%ED%95%99" title="균학">균학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%98%EB%85%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="나노생명공학 (없는 문서)">나노생명공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="신경과학">신경과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%ED%95%99" title="영양학">영양학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="고생물학">고생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%9D%EC%B6%A9%ED%95%99" title="기생충학">기생충학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="병리학">병리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="약리학">약리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조류학 (식물학)">조류학 (식물학)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생리학">생리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="양자생물학">양자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생식생물학 (없는 문서)">생식생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="사회생물학">사회생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="구조생물학">구조생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="합성생물학">합성생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="계통분류학">계통분류학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="시스템생물학">시스템생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="독물학">독물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%99" title="바이러스학">바이러스학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="동물학">동물학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">용어집</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of biology">생물학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of botanical terms">식물학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of ecology">생태학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of plant morphology">식물형태학 용어 (영문)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분류:생물학">분류</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="위키미디어 공용"><img alt="위키미디어 공용" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/commons:Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="en:commons:Category:Biology">위키미디어</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="생물학적_조직" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38585741" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81" title="틀:생물학적 조직"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:생물학적 조직 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81" title="특수:문서편집/틀:생물학적 조직"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="생물학적_조직" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81" class="mw-redirect" title="생물학적 조직">생물학적 조직</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생물권</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B5%B0%EC%A7%91" title="생물군집">생물군집</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC" title="인구">개체군</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="생물">생물</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="기관계">기관계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="기관 (해부학)">기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%EA%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="조직계">조직계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조직 (생물학)">조직</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포">세포</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="세포소기관">세포소기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="고분자">고분자</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체분자">생체분자</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42762#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42762#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42762#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Biosphère"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119407745">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Biosphère"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119407745">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Biosphäre"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4140407-5">독일</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007282392105171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Biosphere"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85014261">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="biosféra"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114177&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기타</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=35341">현대 우크라이나 백과사전</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=생물권&oldid=37205195">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=생물권&oldid=37205195</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%B4%88%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="분류:초개체">초개체</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%ED%95%99" title="분류:해양학">해양학</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">숨은 분류: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0%EB%90%98%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%8A%EC%9D%80_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1%EC%9D%B4_%EC%9E%88%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서">해결되지 않은 속성이 있는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9B%B9%EC%95%84%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C_%ED%8B%80_%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="분류:웹아카이브 틀 웨이백 링크">웹아카이브 틀 웨이백 링크</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P18%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P18을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P373%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P373을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P373을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P227%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P227을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P227을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P244%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P244를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P244를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P268%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P268을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P268을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P691%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P691을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P691을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P4613%EC%9D%84_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P4613을 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P4613을 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P7859%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P7859를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%ED%84%B0_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1_P8189%EB%A5%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:위키데이터 속성 P8189를 사용하는 문서">위키데이터 속성 P8189를 사용하는 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:BNF_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:BNF 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">BNF 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:BNFdata_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:BNFdata 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">BNFdata 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:GND_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:GND 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">GND 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:J9U_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:J9U 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">J9U 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:LCCN_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:LCCN 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">LCCN 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:NKC_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:NKC 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">NKC 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:EMU_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90%EB%A5%BC_%ED%8F%AC%ED%95%A8%ED%95%9C_%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="분류:EMU 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서">EMU 식별자를 포함한 위키백과 문서</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 이 문서는 2024년 5월 23일 (목) 09:54에 마지막으로 편집되었습니다.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">모든 문서는 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ko">크리에이티브 커먼즈 저작자표시-동일조건변경허락 4.0</a>에 따라 사용할 수 있으며, 추가적인 조건이 적용될 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ko">이용 약관</a>을 참고하십시오.<br />Wikipedia®는 미국 및 다른 국가에 등록되어 있는 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a> 소유의 등록 상표입니다.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">개인정보처리방침</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C">위키백과 소개</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%A9%B4%EC%B1%85_%EC%A1%B0%ED%95%AD">면책 조항</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">행동 강령</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">개발자</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ko.wikipedia.org">통계</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">쿠키 정책</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ko.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">모바일 보기</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>검색</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="위키백과 검색"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="특수:검색"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">검색</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">생물권</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>97개 언어</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>새 주제</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.next-5f874b7bcc-7pznf","wgBackendResponseTime":145,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.659","walltime":"0.843","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3200,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":118308,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":781,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":85159,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 699.454 1 -total"," 45.33% 317.045 1 틀:각주"," 25.45% 178.029 1 틀:위키데이터_속성_추적"," 20.20% 141.256 13 틀:저널_인용"," 14.44% 100.969 3 틀:둘러보기_상자"," 13.91% 97.262 1 틀:생물학"," 7.21% 50.402 11 틀:웹_인용"," 6.08% 42.546 1 틀:전거_통제"," 5.45% 38.096 8 틀:뉴스_인용"," 3.82% 26.742 5 틀:서적_인용"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.338","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4313812,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6697857744-n6bhh","timestamp":"20250306182354","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\uc0dd\ubb3c\uad8c","url":"https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42762","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42762","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\uc704\ud0a4\ubbf8\ub514\uc5b4 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uae30\uc5ec\uc790"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-04-11T13:13:11Z","dateModified":"2024-05-23T00:54:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/44\/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpg","headline":"\uc9c0\uad6c\uc758 \uc0dd\ubb3c\uacfc \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\ub150"}</script> </body> </html>