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사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-연구_분야" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#연구_분야"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>연구 분야</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-연구_분야-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-메커니즘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#메커니즘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>메커니즘</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-메커니즘-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>메커니즘 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-메커니즘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-공유결합의_수정" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#공유결합의_수정"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>공유결합의 수정</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-공유결합의_수정-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고자료" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고자료"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>참고자료</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고자료-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">후성유전학</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 54개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82" title="علم التخلق – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم التخلق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Епигенетика – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Епигенетика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="অধিবংশাণুবিজ্ঞান – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অধিবংশাণুবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigen%C3%A8tica" title="Epigenètica – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Epigenètica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Epigenetik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Epigenetik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Επιγενετική – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιγενετική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Epigenetics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetiko" title="Epigenetiko – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epigenetiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigen%C3%A9tica" title="Epigenética – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Epigenética" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigeneetika" title="Epigeneetika – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Epigeneetika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اپی‌ژنتیک – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپی‌ژنتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetiikka" title="Epigenetiikka – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epigenetiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pig%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Épigénétique – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épigénétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eipig%C3%A9ineola%C3%ADocht" title="Eipigéineolaíocht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eipigéineolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epixen%C3%A9tica" title="Epixenética – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Epixenética" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אפיגנטיקה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפיגנטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetica" title="Epigenetica – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Epigenetica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%94%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="エピジェネティクス – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エピジェネティクス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಎಪಿಜೆನೆಟಿಕ್ಸ್‌ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಪಿಜೆನೆಟಿಕ್ಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epi%C4%A3en%C4%93tika" title="Epiģenētika – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Epiģenētika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Епигенетика – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Епигенетика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="എപിജെനെറ്റിക്സ് – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എപിജെനെറ്റിക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Эпигенетик – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эпигенетик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="आनुवांशिक जनुकशास्त्र – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आनुवांशिक जनुकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Epigenetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetica" title="Epigenetica – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epigenetica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetikk" title="Epigenetikk – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Epigenetikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetyka" title="Epigenetyka – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epigenetyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%86%D9%BC%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اپي ژنټیک – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اپي ژنټیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigen%C3%A9tica" title="Epigenética – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Epigenética" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic%C4%83" title="Epigenetică – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epigenetică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Эпигенетика – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпигенетика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Epigenetics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Epigenetika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigjenetika" title="Epigjenetika – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Epigjenetika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Епигенетика – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Епигенетика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Epigenetik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மேல்மரபியல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேல்மரபியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="อีพีเจเนติกส์ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อีพีเจเนติกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetik" title="Epigenetik – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Epigenetik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Епігенетика – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Епігенетика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="بالاوراثیات – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بالاوراثیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_truy%E1%BB%81n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_bi%E1%BB%83u_sinh" title="Di truyền học biểu sinh – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Di truyền học biểu sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="表觀遺傳學" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="表觀遺傳學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26939#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="이름공간"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="본문 보기 [c]" accesskey="c"><span>문서</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26939" title="데이터 저장소에 연결된 항목을 가리키는 링크 [g]" accesskey="g"><span>위키데이터 항목</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="페이지 도구"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="보이기"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> <b>후성유전학</b>(後成遺傳學, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">epigenetics</span>) 또는 <b>후생유전학</b>(後生遺傳學)은 <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>의 염기서열이 변화하지 않는 상태에서 이루어지는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="유전자 발현">유전자 발현</a>의 조절인 후생유전적 유전자 발현 조절을 연구하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a>의 하위 학문이다. 이를 매개하는 분자적 수준의 이해는 아직 완벽하지 않지만, 일반적으로 CpG 염기서열 가운데 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="시토신">사이토신</a> 염기에 특이적으로 일어나는 <a href="/wiki/DNA_%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%ED%99%94" title="DNA 메틸화">DNA 메틸화</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4" title="히스톤">히스톤 단백질</a>의 변형에 의해 조절되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%83%89%EC%A7%88" title="염색질">크로마틴</a> 구조의 변화에 두 가지의 메커니즘(기제)이 주요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 유전학에서, 후성유전학은 세포가 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 그리고 유전자를 불규칙적으로(때때로) 바꾸는 외부 또는 환경요인으로부터 초래된 세포 및 생리학적 표현 특성의 다양성을 연구하는 학문이다. 따라서, 후성유전학 연구는 세포의 전사적인 잠재성 내에서 역동적인 변화를 설명하려고 한다. 유전이 되지 않는 과정을 설명하기 위한 후성유전학이라는 용어의 사용이 비록 논란이 있을 수도 있지만 이러한 변화는 유전되거나 그렇지 않을 수도 있다. DNA 염기순서의 변화를 기반으로 하는 유전학과는 달리, 후성유전학에서 말하는 세포표현 또는 유전자 발현의 변화는 다른 원인들을 갖게 되어 접두사 epi-를 사용한다. (그리스어 : επί - 주위의 외부 이상) 이 용어는 또한 그들 스스로의 변화를 가리키는데, 뉴클레오타이드 배열의 변화를 포함하지 않는 게놈에 있어서의 기능적으로 관련된 변화이다. 그러한 변화를 생성하는 메커니즘의 예는 근본적인 DNA 염기서열을 바꾸지 않은 채 유전자들이 어떻게 발현되는지를 변화시켜주는 각각의 DNA 메틸화와 히스톤 수정(변경)이다. 유전자 발현은 DNA의 촉진유전자 억제유전자 영역에 부착하는 리프렛 단백질의 작용을 통해 제어 될 수 있다. 이러한 후성유전학의 변화는 세포의 수명의 지속을 위한 세포 분열을 통해 지속될 수 있으며, 또한 그들이 생물의 기초가 되는 DNA 염기서열의 변화를 수반하지 않음에도 불구하고 여러 세대를 위해 지속될 수도 있다. 대신에, 비유전적 요인들은 생물의 유전자를 다르게 행동하게 하는(또는 그들 스스로를 발현하도록 하는) 원인이다. 진핵생물학 내에서 후생유전학의 변화의 한 예는 세포 분화 과정이다. 세포 형태 형성 동안, 전분화 줄기세포는 다양한 배아 만능세포주가 된다. 그런데 그것은 결과적으로 완벽하게 차별화된 세포가 된다. 즉 다시 말해서, 하나의 수정된 난자세포 -접합체- 는 계속해서 분화되고, 합성된 딸세포는 다른 유전자들의 발현을 억제하는 동안 일부 유전자를 활성화함으로써 신경, 근세포, 혈관의 상피, 내피, 그리고 기타 등등을 포함하는 생명체 내에서 전혀 다른 유형의 세포로 변화된다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>후성유전학의 주요 연구분야는 하나의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%A0%95_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="수정 (생물학)">수정란</a>에서 출발한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC)" title="개체 (생물)">개체</a>가 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="발생 (생물학)">발생</a> 과정을 거쳐 다양한 기능을 갖는 세포로 구성되는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94" title="세포 분화">세포 분화</a>와 관련되어 있다. 후성유전학에서는 후생유전적 유전자 발현 조절을 세포 분화의 기제로 파악하고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-김용성_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-김용성-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="인간">인간</a>의 경우 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84_%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4" title="인간 유전체">인간 유전체</a>에는 'CpG'라는 이중 염기서열이 다량으로 존재하고 있고 이중 약 70%에 이르는 CpG의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="시토신">사이토신</a> 염기에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="메틸기">메틸기</a>(-CH3)가 결합되어 있는데, 이를 ‘DNA 메틸화’라고 부른다. 이러한 DNA 메틸화 현상은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%86%88" class="mw-redirect" title="게놈">유전체</a>의 각종 반복 서열 등에서 흔히 관찰되며, 이는 유전체의 안정성 유지 등에 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 보고 있다. 한편 각종 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="유전자">유전자</a>의 상단 5’ 조절부위에 CpG가 밀집된 독특한 영역이 존재하는데 이를 'CpG 섬'이라고 하며, 이 경우 CpG의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" title="사이토신">사이토신</a>은 대부분 메틸기가 결합되어 있지 않다. 그러나 경우에 따라서 시토신 메틸화가 발생하며 이 부위 <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%81%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EC%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="뉴클레오솜">뉴클레오솜</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4" title="히스톤">히스톤</a> 분자들과의 교감을 통해 크로마틴의 구조에 변화를 이끌어 결국 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="유전자 발현">유전자 발현</a>에 영향을 주게 된다. 따라서 유전자의 발현은 DNA 메틸화 및 히스톤 변형 등과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="화학">화학적</a> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%97%AD%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" class="mw-redirect" title="가역반응">가역반응</a>에 의해 조절된다고 할 수 있는데, 이와 같이 DNA 염기서열의 변화 없이 크로마틴의 구조적 변화, ‘크로마틴 리모델링’에 영향을 주어 유전자 발현이 조절되는 기전에 관한 연구 분야를 ‘후성유전학’(Epigenetics)이라고 한다.<sup id="cite_ref-김용성_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-김용성-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="border: 2px solid #aeffae; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: smaller; width:600px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Epigenetic_mechanisms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Epigenetic_mechanisms.png/600px-Epigenetic_mechanisms.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Epigenetic_mechanisms.png/900px-Epigenetic_mechanisms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Epigenetic_mechanisms.png/1200px-Epigenetic_mechanisms.png 2x" data-file-width="2187" data-file-height="1488" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>후성유전적 유전자 발현의 기제 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>후성설이라는 용어는 17세기부터 영어로 사용되고 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%84%A4_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="코이네 그리스어">코이네 그리스어</a> ἐπιγέννησις 로부터 유래된 “추가 성장”이라는 일반적인 의미를 지니고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 이와 관련된 후성유전학은 C. H. Waddington에 의해 만들어졌으며, 동시에 Valentin Haecker의 ‘형질유전학(phenogenetics)’에서도 후성설이 존재했다.<sup id="cite_ref-waddington_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waddington-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 생물학의 맥락에서 후성은 배아 발달 초기 전능 상태에서 세포의 분화를 의미한다.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waddington의 용어가 만들어질 때 유전자와 유전적인 역할의 기질지성은 알려지지 않았다. 그는 유전자 형질형을 생산하는 주변 환경과 상호 작용하는 방법의 개념적 모형으로 사용했다. 그는 생물학적 개발을 위한 비유적인 의미로 "후성유전학적 지형(epigenetic landscape)"을 사용했다. Waddington은 세포의 운명이 결정되는 것이 낮은 고도의 지점으로 구슬이 떨어지는 것과 매우 비슷하다고 여겼다.<sup id="cite_ref-Waddington2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waddington2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Waddington은 구슬이 능선을 상승하며 골짜기 사이를 이동하는 것을 세포 분화의 비가역적인 증가로 시각화했다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 최근의 후성유전학적 지형에 대한 Waddington의 개념은 엄격하게 세포 운명 연구에 시스템의 역학적 상태 접근의 맥락에서 공식화되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 세포 운명의 결정은 어트랙터(attractor) 수렴이나 진동 등의 특정 역학을 나타낼 것으로 예상된다.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "후성적"이라는 용어는 유전과 환경의 지속적인 양방향 교환의 결과로서 심리적 현상을 설명하기 위해 발달 심리학에 이용되고있다.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 개발 아이디어는 19 세기와 20 세기에 걸쳐 다양한 형태와 다양한 이름에서 논의되고 있다. 초기 버전은 칼 에른스트 폰 배어(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ernst_von_Baer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ernst von Baer (없는 문서)">Karl Ernst von Baer</a>)에 의해 제안되었고, 에른스트 헤켈(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Haeckel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Haeckel (없는 문서)">Ernst Haeckel</a>)에 의해 대중화되었다. </p><p>2014년부터 Waddington의 후전유전적 개념은 세포역학 연구에 대한 시스템 역학 상태 접근의 맥락에서 엄격하게 공식화되었다.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> '세포운명결정'(Cell-fate determination)은 '유인자 수렴'(attractor-convergence, 유전정보 변형, 전환에 관련된 모든 인력적 작용을 유발하는 요소의 전체성)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 또는 유전 진동의 역학 분석을 통해 예측될 수 있는데, 이는 Waddington의 정식을 기초로 한 것이다.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="연구_분야"><span id=".EC.97.B0.EA.B5.AC_.EB.B6.84.EC.95.BC"></span>연구 분야</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 연구 분야"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>후성유전학은 발생 과정이 끝난 성체에서 발생하는 유전자 발현 조절의 변화와 유전체 변화를 연구한다. 특히 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94" title="암">암</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%B3%91" title="질병">질병</a>의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="메커니즘"><span id=".EB.A9.94.EC.BB.A4.EB.8B.88.EC.A6.98"></span>메커니즘</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 메커니즘"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="공유결합의_수정"><span id=".EA.B3.B5.EC.9C.A0.EA.B2.B0.ED.95.A9.EC.9D.98_.EC.88.98.EC.A0.95"></span>공유결합의 수정</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 공유결합의 수정"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>에서의 공유결합 변경 (예를 들어, 사이토신 메틸화 및 하이드록시 메틸화) 또는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4" title="히스톤">히스톤 단백질</a>에서의 공유결합 변경(예를 들어, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0" title="라이신">라이신</a>의 아세틸화, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0" title="라이신">라이신</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%8B%8C" title="아르기닌">아르기닌</a>의 메틸화, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A6%B0" title="세린">세린</a> 및 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%8C" title="트레오닌">트레오닌</a> 인산화 및 <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%A0" title="라이신">라이신</a> 유비퀴틴 및 수모화)이 후성유전학적 유전의 여러 종류 중에서 중심 역할을 한다. 따라서, "후성유전학"은 때때로 이러한 과정과 동의어로 사용된다. 그러나, 이것은 오해의 소지가 될 수 있다. 왜냐하면 염색질 리모델링(<a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4" title="히스톤">히스톤 단백질</a>에서의 공유결합 변경)이 항상 유전되지는 않으며, 모든 후성유전학적 유전이 염색질 리모델링을 포함하지도 않는다.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17407749_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17407749-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png/220px-Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png/330px-Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png/440px-Nucleosome_1KX5_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>히스톤 단백질과 결합한 DNA는 크로마틴을 형성한다</figcaption></figure> <p>세포나 개체의 표현형은 어떠한 유전자가 전사되어 있는지에 영향을 받기 때문에, 유전 전사 상태는 후성유전학적 영향을 야기 할 수 있다. 그렇기 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="유전자 발현">유전자 발현</a> 조절과 후성유전은 긴밀한 관계가 있다. 유전자 발현의 조절에는 여러 단계가 있는데, 그 중 한 가지 방법은 염색질의 리모델링을 통해서이다. 염색질은 히스톤 단백질이 연관 되어있는 DNA 복합체이다. 만약 DNA가 히스톤을 감싸는 방식이 바뀌는 경우, 유전자 발현 또한 변경될 수 있다. 염색질 리모델링은 아래의 두 가지 메커니즘을 통해 이루어진다. : </p> <ol><li>첫 번째 메커니즘은 히스톤 단백질을 구성하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EC%82%B0" title="아미노산">아미노산</a>의 번역 후에 일어나는 변형이다. 히스톤 단백질은 아미노산의 긴 사슬로 구성된다. 아미노산 사슬이 변경되는 경우, 히스톤의 형상이 변형 될 수도 있다. DNA는 완전히 복제하는 동안 풀리지 않는다. 이 수정된 히스톤은 DNA의 새 복사본으로 옮겨가는 것이 가능하다. 이러한 히스톤은 새로운 방식으로 형성 될 수 있는 주변의 새로운 히스톤의 주형으로 작용할 수 있다. 그들 주위의 히스톤의 모양을 변경하여, 이러한 수정된 히스톤은 특정 계통 전사 프로그램이 세포 분열 후에도 유지되도록 한다.</li> <li>두 번째 메커니즘은 DNA에 메틸기의 첨가이다. 이 과정은 대부분, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CpG_%EB%B6%80%EC%9C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CpG 부위 (없는 문서)">CpG 부위</a>에 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" title="사이토신">사이토신</a>을 <a href="/wiki/5-%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%A0" title="5-메틸사이토신">5-메틸사이토신</a>으로 변환하며 일어난다. 5-메틸사이토신은 이중 가닥 DNA의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8B%8C" title="구아닌">구아닌</a>과 결합하여 일반 사이토신과 같이 작동한다. 그러나, 게놈의 일부 영역이 다른 것보다 더 많이 메틸화되고, 메틸화가 많이 일어난 부분은 전사가 억제되게 되는데, 이러한 메커니즘은 아직 연구가 더 필요하다. 사이토신의 메틸화는 한쪽 부모의 생식계열에서부터 수정란으로 전달된 후에도 지속되며, 염색체의 표식으로 작용하여 어느쪽 부모로부터 온 염색체인지 알 수 있게 한다.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고자료"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0.EC.9E.90.EB.A3.8C"></span>참고자료</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 참고자료"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Epigenetics?uselang=ko">후성유전학</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011 documentary)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EC%8B%9C%EA%B3%84_(%EB%85%B8%ED%99%94)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생체시계 (노화) (없는 문서)">생체시계 (노화)</a>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_clock_(aging)" class="extiw" title="en:Biological clock (aging)">en:Biological clock (aging)</a>, 바이오클락)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%9C%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="활동일주기">활동일주기</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%AC" title="바이오리듬">바이오리듬</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">윤봉준, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksmb.or.kr/storage/NewsBoardFiles/312_%EB%87%8C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%20%EB%B0%9C%EB%8B%AC%20%EB%B0%8F%20%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%A5%EC%9D%98%20%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%81%20%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88%20%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%84.pdf">뇌신경 발달 및 기능의 후생유전적 조절 기전</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104132426/http://www.ksmb.or.kr/storage/NewsBoardFiles/312_%EB%87%8C%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%20%EB%B0%9C%EB%8B%AC%20%EB%B0%8F%20%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%A5%EC%9D%98%20%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%A0%81%20%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88%20%EA%B8%B0%EC%A0%84.pdf">Archived</a> 2021년 11월 4일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>,분자세포 생물학 뉴스</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-김용성-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-김용성_2-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-김용성_2-1">나</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">김용성, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.bioin.or.kr/board.do?num=193234&bid=report&cmd=view">인체의 후성유전학 연구동향</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36482206">.mw-parser-output .fix{background-color:#fff9f9;color:DarkSlateGray;border:1px solid #ffdcdc}</style><sup class="정리_필요 noprint">[<a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B9%A8%EC%A7%84_%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="위키백과:깨진 링크">깨진 링크</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://m.bioin.or.kr/board.do?num=193234&bid=report&cmd=view">과거 내용 찾기</a>)]</sup>, 바이오인</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>: "The word is used by W. Harvey, <i>Exercitationes</i> 1651, p. 148, and in the <i>English Anatomical Exercitations</i> 1653, p. 272. It is explained to mean ‘partium super-exorientium additamentum’, ‘the additament of parts budding one out of another’."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waddington-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-waddington_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Waddington CH (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_endeavour_1942-01_1_1/page/n19">“The epigenotype”</a>. 《Endeavour》 <b>1</b>: 18–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endeavour&rft.atitle=The+epigenotype&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=18-20&rft.date=1942&rft.au=Waddington+CH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_endeavour_1942-01_1_1%2Fpage%2Fn19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> "For the purpose of a study of inheritance, the relation between phenotypes and genotypes [...] is, from a wider biological point of view, of crucial importance, since it is the kernel of the whole problem of development. Many geneticists have recognized this and attempted to discover the processes involved in the mechanism by which the genes of the genotype bring about phenotypic effects. The first step in such an enterprise is – or rather should be, since it is often omitted by those with an undue respect for the powers of reason – to describe what can be seen of the developmental processes. For enquiries of this kind, the word ‘phenogenetics’ was coined by Haecker [1918, <i>Phänogenetik</i>]. The second and more important part of the task is to discover the causal mechanisms at work, and to relate them as far as possible to what experimental embryology has already revealed of the mechanics of development. We might use the name ‘epigenetics’ for such studies, thus emphasizing their relation to the concepts, so strongly favourable to the classical theory of epigenesis, which have been reached by the experimental embryologists. We certainly need to remember that between genotype and phenotype, and connecting them to each other, there lies a whole complex of developmental processes. It is convenient to have a name for this complex: ‘epigenotype’ seems suitable."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> See <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preformationism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preformationism (없는 문서)">preformationism</a></i> for historical background. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a>: "the theory that the germ is brought into existence (by successive accretions), and not merely developed, in the process of reproduction. [...] The opposite theory was formerly known as the ‘theory of evolution’; to avoid the ambiguity of this name, it is now spoken of chiefly as the ‘theory of preformation’, sometimes as that of ‘encasement’ or ‘emboîtement’."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waddington2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Waddington2014_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">C. H. Waddington (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lqKTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR1">《The Epigenetics of Birds》</a>. Cambridge University Press. 1–쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/978-1-107-44047-0" title="특수:책찾기/978-1-107-44047-0"><bdi>978-1-107-44047-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epigenetics+of+Birds&rft.pages=1-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=978-1-107-44047-0&rft.au=C.+H.+Waddington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlqKTBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (2014 edition)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hall BK (2004년 1월 15일). “In search of evolutionary developmental mechanisms: the 30-year gap between 1944 and 1974”. 《302》 <b>302</b> (1): 5–18. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fjez.b.20002">10.1002/jez.b.20002</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760651">14760651</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=302&rft.atitle=In+search+of+evolutionary+developmental+mechanisms%3A+the+30-year+gap+between+1944+and+1974&rft.volume=302&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-18&rft.date=2004-01-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjez.b.20002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14760651&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=BK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alvarez-Buylla ER, Chaos A, Aldana M, Benítez M, Cortes-Poza Y, Espinosa-Soto C, Hartasánchez DA, Lotto RB, Malkin D, Escalera Santos GJ, Padilla-Longoria P (2008년 11월 3일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003626">“Floral Morphogenesis: Stochastic Explorations of a Gene Network Epigenetic Landscape.”</a>. 《PLoS ONE》 <b>3</b>: e3626. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PLoSO...3.3626A">2008PLoSO...3.3626A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003626">10.1371/journal.pone.0003626</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978941">18978941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Floral+Morphogenesis%3A+Stochastic+Explorations+of+a+Gene+Network+Epigenetic+Landscape.&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=e3626&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18978941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003626&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PLoSO...3.3626A&rft.aulast=Alvarez-Buylla&rft.aufirst=ER&rft.au=Chaos%2C+A&rft.au=Aldana%2C+M&rft.au=Ben%C3%ADtez%2C+M&rft.au=Cortes-Poza%2C+Y&rft.au=Espinosa-Soto%2C+C&rft.au=Hartas%C3%A1nchez%2C+DA&rft.au=Lotto%2C+RB&rft.au=Malkin%2C+D&rft.au=Escalera+Santos%2C+GJ&rft.au=Padilla-Longoria%2C+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plosone.org%2Farticle%2Finfo%253Adoi%252F10.1371%252Fjournal.pone.0003626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sciencedirect.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_9-2">다</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Rabajante JF, Babierra AL (2015년 1월 30일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079610715000073">“Branching and oscillations in the epigenetic landscape of cell-fate determination”</a>. 《Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology》. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.01.006">10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.01.006</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25641423">25641423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Biophysics+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Branching+and+oscillations+in+the+epigenetic+landscape+of+cell-fate+determination&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.01.006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25641423&rft.aulast=Rabajante&rft.aufirst=JF&rft.au=Babierra%2C+AL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0079610715000073&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Gottlieb G (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_developmental-psychology_1991-01_27_1/page/n34">“Epigenetic systems view of human development”</a>. 《Developmental Psychology》 <b>27</b> (1): 33–34. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2F0012-1649.27.1.33">10.1037/0012-1649.27.1.33</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developmental+Psychology&rft.atitle=Epigenetic+systems+view+of+human+development&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=33-34&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0012-1649.27.1.33&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_developmental-psychology_1991-01_27_1%2Fpage%2Fn34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alvarez-Buylla ER, Chaos A, Aldana M, Benítez M, Cortes-Poza Y, Espinosa-Soto C, Hartasánchez DA, Lotto RB, Malkin D, Escalera Santos GJ, Padilla-Longoria P (2008년 11월 3일). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572848">“Floral Morphogenesis: Stochastic Explorations of a Gene Network Epigenetic Landscape”</a>. 《PLoS ONE》 <b>3</b> (11): e3626. <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B8%8C%EC%BD%94%EB%93%9C" title="비브코드">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PLoSO...3.3626A">2008PLoSO...3.3626A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003626">10.1371/journal.pone.0003626</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4" title="펍메드 센트럴">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2572848">2572848</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978941">18978941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLoS+ONE&rft.atitle=Floral+Morphogenesis%3A+Stochastic+Explorations+of+a+Gene+Network+Epigenetic+Landscape&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=e3626&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2572848&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18978941&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003626&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PLoSO...3.3626A&rft.aulast=Alvarez-Buylla&rft.aufirst=ER&rft.au=Chaos%2C+A&rft.au=Aldana%2C+M&rft.au=Ben%C3%ADtez%2C+M&rft.au=Cortes-Poza%2C+Y&rft.au=Espinosa-Soto%2C+C&rft.au=Hartas%C3%A1nchez%2C+DA&rft.au=Lotto%2C+RB&rft.au=Malkin%2C+D&rft.au=Escalera+Santos%2C+GJ&rft.au=Padilla-Longoria%2C+P&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2572848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">유인자는 유전정보 변형의 평형점, 한계점을 이룰 수 있으며, 특이 유인자(strange attractor)일 수도 있다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이인수, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioin.or.kr/board.do?cmd=view&bid=report&num=193233">암 후성유전체의 연구 동향</a>, 바이오인</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17407749-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17407749_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ptashne M (April 2007). “On the use of the word 'epigenetic<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>”. 《Curr. Biol.》 <b>17</b> (7): R233–6. <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8_%EA%B0%9D%EC%B2%B4_%EC%8B%9D%EB%B3%84%EC%9E%90" title="디지털 객체 식별자">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.02.030">10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.030</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%8D%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C" title="펍메드">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17407749">17407749</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Curr.+Biol.&rft.atitle=On+the+use+of+the+word+%27epigenetic%27&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=R233-6&rft.date=2007-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.02.030&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17407749&rft.aulast=Ptashne&rft.aufirst=M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="틀:유전자 발현"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="틀토론:유전자 발현"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="특수:문서편집/틀:유전자 발현"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="유전자_발현" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84" title="유전자 발현">유전자 발현</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99_%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전학 소개 (없는 문서)">유전학 소개</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84_%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8" title="유전 부호">유전 부호</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%BC%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%B4_%EB%8F%84%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88" title="센트럴 도그마">센트럴 도그마</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> → <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%A0%B9_RNA" title="전령 RNA">RNA</a> → <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="단백질">단백질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_%EC%9D%98%EC%A1%B4%EC%A0%81_RNA_%EC%A4%91%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="RNA 의존적 RNA 중합효소">RNA→RNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC" title="역전사">RNA→DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="프라이온">단백질→단백질</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="전사 (생물학)">전사</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">종류</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세균의 전사 (없는 문서)">세균의 전사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고세균의 전사 (없는 문서)">고세균의 전사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B5%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="진핵생물의 전사 (없는 문서)">진핵생물의 전사</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">핵심 요소</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90" title="전사인자">전사인자</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_%EC%A4%91%ED%95%A9%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="RNA 중합효소">RNA 중합효소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%89%EC%A7%84%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="촉진유전자">프로모터</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="전사 후 변형">전사 후 변형</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%BC%EC%B0%A8_%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="일차 전사체 (없는 문서)">전구체 mRNA (pre-mRNA / hnRNA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5%27_%EC%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5' 캡 (없는 문서)">5' 캡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%B1" title="RNA 스플라이싱">스플라이싱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%8D%B0%EB%8B%90%ED%99%94" title="폴리아데닐화">폴리아데닐화</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4%EC%9D%98_%EC%95%84%EC%84%B8%ED%8B%B8%ED%99%94_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%83%88%EC%95%84%EC%84%B8%ED%8B%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="히스톤의 아세틸화 및 탈아세틸화 (없는 문서)">히스톤의 아세틸화 및 탈아세틸화</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="번역 (생물학)">번역</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">종류</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세균의 번역 (없는 문서)">세균의 번역</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%A0%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="고세균의 번역 (없는 문서)">고세균의 번역</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B5%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="진핵생물의 번역 (없는 문서)">진핵생물의 번역</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">핵심 요소</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%9C" title="리보솜">리보솜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B4%EB%B0%98_RNA" title="운반 RNA">tRNA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A6%AC%EB%B3%B4%EC%86%9C_%EC%B4%88%EA%B8%B0_%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%AC_%EB%B3%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="리보솜 초기 사슬 복합체 (없는 문서)">리보솜 초기 사슬 복합체</a> (RNC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="번역 후 변형">번역 후 변형</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="유전자 발현의 조절">조절</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">후성유전학</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4_%EA%B0%81%EC%9D%B8" title="유전체 각인">유전체 각인</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="전사 조절">전사 조절</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88_%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%81%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전자 조절 네트워크 (없는 문서)">유전자 조절 네트워크</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88%EC%9A%94%EC%86%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="전사조절요소 (없는 문서)">전사조절요소</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BD%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0" title="락토스 오페론">락토스 오페론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="전사 후 조절 (없는 문서)">전사 후 조절</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-%EC%86%8C%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-소체 (없는 문서)">P-소체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9D%EC%A0%81_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%B1" title="선택적 스플라이싱">선택적 스플라이싱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroRNA" title="MicroRNA">마이크로 RNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="번역 조절 (없는 문서)">번역 조절</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%9B%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="번역 후 조절">번역 후 조절</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%82%B0%ED%99%94" title="인산화">인산화</a> (가역적)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88%EB%B6%84%ED%95%B4%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%95" title="단백질분해과정">단백질분해과정</a> (비가역적)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">관련된 과학자</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%88%98%EC%95%84_%EC%9E%90%EC%BD%94%EB%B8%8C" title="프랑수아 자코브">프랑수아 자코브</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%AA%A8%EB%85%B8" title="자크 모노">자크 모노</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="분자생물학" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38585741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀:분자생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀토론:분자생물학"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="특수:문서편집/틀:분자생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="분자생물학" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="분자생물학의 역사 (없는 문서)">역사</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_molecular_biology_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of molecular biology articles">색인 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of genetics">용어 사전 (영문)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">개관</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%9B%90%EB%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="분자생물학의 중심원리">중심원리</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_%EB%B3%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="DNA 복제">DNA 복제</a> (<a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="전사 (생물학)">전사</a> (<a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="번역 (생물학)">번역</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="단백질">단백질</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">요소</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%">유전학</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%">유전</span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%89%EC%A7%84%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90" title="촉진유전자">프로모터</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%94%84%EB%A6%BD%EB%82%98%EC%9A%B0_%EB%B0%95%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="프립나우 박스 (없는 문서)">프립나우 박스</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TATA_%EB%B0%95%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TATA 박스 (없는 문서)">TATA 박스</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0" title="오페론">오페론</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%88%EB%9D%BD%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="갈락토스 오페론 (없는 문서)">갈락토스 오페론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BD%ED%86%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0" title="락토스 오페론">젖당 오페론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%BD%ED%86%A0%ED%8C%90_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0" title="트립토판 오페론">트립토판 오페론</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아라비노스 오페론 (없는 문서)">아라비노스 오페론</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A0" title="인트론">인트론</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%91%EC%86%90" title="엑손">엑손</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A2%85%EA%B2%B0%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="종결자 (없는 문서)">종결자</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%ED%95%B8%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인핸서 (없는 문서)">인핸서</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%B5%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%90" title="억제자">억제인자</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%96%EB%8B%B9_%EC%96%B5%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="젖당 억제인자 (없는 문서)">젖당 억제인자</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%BD%ED%86%A0%ED%8C%90_%EC%96%B5%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%9E%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="트립토판 억제인자 (없는 문서)">트립토판 억제인자</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%BC%EB%9F%B0%EC%84%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사일런서 (없는 문서)">사일런서</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9E%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4_%EB%A9%94%ED%8B%B8%ED%99%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="히스톤 메틸화 (없는 문서)">히스톤 메틸화</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">연관 분야</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학">세포생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="계산생물학">계산생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="발생 생물학">발생생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99" title="의학">의학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">공학</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">개념</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="유사 분열">유사 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="세포 신호">세포 신호전달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="전사 후 변형">전사 후 변형</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="번역 후 변형">번역 후 변형</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B1%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%8B%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="건조 실험실 (없는 문서)">건조 실험실</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%8B%9D_%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EC%8B%A4" title="습식 실험실">습식 실험실</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">기법</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EB%B0%B0%EC%96%91" title="세포 배양">세포 배양</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="모델 생물">모델 생물</a> (<a href="/wiki/C57BL/6" title="C57BL/6">C57BL/6 생쥐</a>와 같은)</li> <li>메소드 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0_%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%EB%93%9C" title="핵산 메소드">핵산 메소드</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88_%EB%A9%94%EC%86%8C%EB%93%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="단백질 메소드">단백질 메소드</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%ED%98%95%EA%B4%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생명과학에서의 형광 (없는 문서)">형광</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%A3%8C" title="안료">색소</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EB%8A%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생명과학에서의 방사능 (없는 문서)">방사능</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">높은 처리량 기술 ("<a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="체학">-체학</a>")</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/DNA_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4" title="DNA 마이크로어레이">DNA 마이크로어레이</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%88%EB%9F%89_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="질량 분석">질량 분석법</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%EB%9E%A9%EC%98%A8%EC%96%B4%EC%B9%A9" title="랩온어칩">랩온어칩</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="유전자 발현의 조절">유전자 발현의 조절</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">후성유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="유전자 발현의 조절">유전자 발현의 조절</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="전사 후 조절 (없는 문서)">전사 후 조절</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%9B%84_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="번역 후 조절">번역 후 조절</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분류:분자생물학">분자생물학</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="위키프로젝트"><img alt="위키프로젝트" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Molecular_Biology/Molecular_and_Cell_Biology" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Molecular Biology/Molecular and Cell Biology">위키프로젝트 (영문)</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501015"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1893642/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Epigenetik"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7566079-9">독일</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007572841305171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Epigenetics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2011005133">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="エピジェネティクス"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01203421">일본</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="epigenetika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph943439&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" 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