CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tg" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Иттилоот — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tgwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Январ","Феврал","Март","Апрел","Май","Июн","Июл","август","сентябр","Октябр","ноябр","Декабр"],"wgRequestId":"abe5b191-c592-4f2b-a488-645025013bdf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Иттилоот","wgTitle":"Иттилоот","wgCurRevisionId":1381255,"wgRevisionId":1381255,"wgArticleId":17743,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN","Иттилоот"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Иттилоот","wgRelevantArticleId":17743,"wgUserVariant":"tg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive": true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tg","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tg"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11028","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.sidebarRelated","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/1200px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1445"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/800px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="964"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/640px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="771"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Иттилоот — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="вироиш" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (tg)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tg.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg-Latn" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&variant=tg-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Барои Википедиа Atom Хабархон" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Иттилоот rootpage-Иттилоот skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Оғоза" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Оғоза</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Оғоза</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гаштан </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Бозгашт ба саҳифаи аслӣ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дар бораи лоиҳа ва чи корҳоро метавонед кард"><span>Вуруди корбарон</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ёфтани иттилооти пешзамина перомуни рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ"><span>Рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рӯйхати тағйиротҳо дар Википедия [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Тағйироти охирин</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Овардани як саҳифаи тасодуфӣ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Саҳифаҳои тасодуфӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Гузаштан ба Роҳнамо."><span>Роҳнамо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="донишномаи озод" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ҷустуҷӯ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" aria-label="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ҷустуҷӯ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зоҳир" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Зоҳир</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg" class=""><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест" class=""><span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Мафҳуми_информатсия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мафҳуми_информатсия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Мафҳуми информатсия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мафҳуми_информатсия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Намудҳои_информатсия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Намудҳои_информатсия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Намудҳои информатсия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Намудҳои_информатсия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Хосиятҳои_информатсия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хосиятҳои_информатсия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Хосиятҳои информатсия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хосиятҳои_информатсия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тарзҳои_кодиронии_информатсия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарзҳои_кодиронии_информатсия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Тарзҳои кодиронии информатсия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тарзҳои_кодиронии_информатсия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Андозагирии_информатсия_ва_ченакҳои_он" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Андозагирии_информатсия_ва_ченакҳои_он"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Андозагирии информатсия ва ченакҳои он</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Андозагирии_информатсия_ва_ченакҳои_он-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Эзоҳ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Эзоҳ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Эзоҳ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Эзоҳ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адабиёт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адабиёт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Адабиёт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адабиёт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҳамчунин_нигаред" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҳамчунин_нигаред"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ҳамчунин нигаред</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҳамчунин_нигаред-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Иттилоот</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inligting" title="Inligting – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Inligting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Información" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9" title="معلومة – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معلومة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معلومات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معلومات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="তথ্য – ассомӣ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তথ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассомӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Información" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nformasiya" title="İnformasiya – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnformasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="بیلگی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلگی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хуб"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%93%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82" title="Мәғлүмәт – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәғлүмәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infuormac%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Infuormacėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Infuormacėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impormasyon" title="Impormasyon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Impormasyon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Інфармацыя – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Інфармацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Інфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Информация – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Информация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="जानकारी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जानकारी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="তথ্য – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তথ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Informacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Мэдээсэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мэдээсэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3" title="Informació – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Informació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9ng-s%C3%A9k" title="Séng-sék – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Séng-sék" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хаам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хаам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impormasyon" title="Impormasyon – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Impormasyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زانیاری – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانیاری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%BCmat" title="Malümat – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Malümat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informace" title="Informace – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Informace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Информаци – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Информаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwybodaeth" title="Gwybodaeth – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwybodaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enformasyon" title="Enformasyon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Enformasyon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πληροφορία – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πληροφορία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informo" title="Informo – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Informo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Información" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatsioon" title="Informatsioon – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Informatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informazio" title="Informazio – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Informazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Información" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اطلاعات – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اطلاعات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaatio" title="Informaatio – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Informaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatsion" title="Informatsion – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Informatsion" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynformaasje" title="Ynformaasje – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ynformaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaci%C3%B3n" title="Información – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Información" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اطلاعات – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اطلاعات" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27ekuaar%C3%A3" title="Mba'ekuaarã – гуаранӣ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'ekuaarã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2" title="מידע – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מידע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सूचना – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूचना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaankari" title="Jaankari – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jaankari" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Informacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enf%C3%B2masyon" title="Enfòmasyon – гаитии креолӣ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enfòmasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитии креолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inform%C3%A1ci%C3%B3" title="Információ – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Információ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B6%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ինֆորմացիա – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ինֆորմացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – Байни забонӣ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Байни забонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Informasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakaammo" title="Pakaammo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pakaammo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informo" title="Informo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Informo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppl%C3%BDsingar" title="Upplýsingar – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Upplýsingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informazione" title="Informazione – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Informazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1" title="情報 – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="情報" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi – Ҷаванизӣ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Informasi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ҷаванизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინფორმაცია – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informaciya_t%C3%BAsinigi" title="Informaciya túsinigi – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Informaciya túsinigi" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ақпарат – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақпарат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮಾಹಿತಿ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಹಿತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4" title="정보 – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정보" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agah%C3%AE" title="Agahî – курдӣ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Agahî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Маалымат – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Маалымат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatio" title="Informatio – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Informatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatioun" title="Informatioun – люксембургӣ" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Informatioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infermaasje" title="Infermaasje – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Infermaasje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94" title="ສານສົນເທດ – лаосӣ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສານສົນເທດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Informacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inform%C4%81cija" title="Informācija – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Informācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सूचना – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सूचना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%A5%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Увераҥар – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Увераҥар" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Informasi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Информација – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Информација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="വിവരം – малаяламӣ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Мэдээлэл – муғулӣ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мэдээлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="муғулӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="माहिती – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माहिती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maklumat" title="Maklumat – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maklumat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anforma%C3%A7on" title="Anformaçon – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anformaçon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="သတင်းအချက်အလက် – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတင်းအချက်အလက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatschoon" title="Informatschoon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Informatschoon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सूचना – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सूचना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="जानकरी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जानकरी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informatie" title="Informatie – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Informatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Informasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasjon" title="Informasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Informasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacion" title="Informacion – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Informacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odeeffannoo" title="Odeeffannoo – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Odeeffannoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੂਚਨਾ – панҷобӣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੂਚਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панҷобӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacja" title="Informacja – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Informacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اطلاعات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اطلاعات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="معلومات – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="معلومات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Informação – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Informação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willa" title="Willa – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Willa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C8%9Bie" title="Informație – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Informație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Информация – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Информация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інформація – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Інформація" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Информация – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Информация" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nfurmazzioni" title="Nfurmazzioni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nfurmazzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Define:Information" title="Define:Information – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Define:Information" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Informacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="තොරතුරු – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තොරතුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inform%C3%A1cia" title="Informácia – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Informácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacija" title="Informacija – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Informacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informacioni" title="Informacioni – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Informacioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Информација – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Информација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasi" title="Informasi – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Informasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Information" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taarifa" title="Taarifa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Taarifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தகவல் – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தகவல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="సమాచారం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సమాచారం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="สารสนเทศ – тайӣ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารสนเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impormasyon" title="Impormasyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Impormasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informasij%C9%99" title="Informasijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Informasijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enformasyon" title="Enformasyon – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Enformasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мәгълүмат – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәгълүмат" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%87%DA%86%DB%87%D8%B1" title="ئۇچۇر – ӯйғурӣ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۇچۇر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ӯйғурӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Інформація – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інформація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اطلاعات – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اطلاعات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axborot" title="Axborot – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Axborot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4ng_tin" title="Thông tin – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thông tin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impormasyon" title="Impormasyon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Impormasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="信息" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-input_-_ukungeniswa_kolwazi" title="I-input - ukungeniswa kolwazi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-input - ukungeniswa kolwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ინფორმაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינפארמאציע – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינפארמאציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="信息" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu-s%C3%ACn" title="Chu-sìn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chu-sìn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" title="資訊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="資訊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKwaziswa" title="UKwaziswa – Зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UKwaziswa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11028#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Таҳрири пайвандҳои байнизабонӣ" class="wbc-editpage">Вироиши пайвандҳо</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Намоиши таркиби саҳифа [c]" accesskey="c"><span>мақола</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81:%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&variant=tg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&variant=tg-latn" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=history" title="Нусхаи охирини ин саҳифа. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҷаъбаи абзор" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҷаъбаи абзор</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Абзорҳо</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=history"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Умумӣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳое, ки ба ин саҳифа пайванд доранд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Пайвандҳо ба ин саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" rel="nofollow" title="Тағйироти охир ин саҳифаҳое, ки ин саҳифа ба онҳо пайванд дорад [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Тағйироти монандӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tg" title="Фиристодани аксҳо ё медиа-файлҳо [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Фиристодани парванда</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳои вижа [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Саҳифаҳои вижа</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&oldid=1381255" title="Пайванди доимӣ ба ин нусха аз ин саҳифа"><span>Пайванди доимӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Иттилооти саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&id=1381255&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Ёд кардани пайванди ин мақола</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582"><span>Гирифтани URL-и кӯтоҳшуда</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Нусхаи чопии ин саҳифа [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Нусхаи чопӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дигар лоиҳаҳо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Information" hreflang="en"><span>Викианбор</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11028" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:WikipediaBinary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/220px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/330px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/WikipediaBinary.svg/440px-WikipediaBinary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="106" /></a><figcaption>400</figcaption></figure> <div class="dablink noprint">Ин вожа дигар маъноҳо низ дорад, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D2%B3%D0%BE)" class="mw-disambig" title="Иттилоот (мазмунҳо)">Иттилоот (мазмунҳо)</a>-ро бубинед.</div> <p><b>Иттилоот</b> — (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Забони арабӣ">ар.</a> <span lang="ar" style="font-size: 110%; font-style: normal; line-height: 1em;">اطلاعات</span>‎ — хабар, ахбор), <b>информа́тсия</b> (аз <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">informātiō</span> — «тавзеҳот, андеша, фаҳмиш дар бораи чизе», аз <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">informare</span> — «додани афкор, шакл, омӯхтан; фикр кардан, тасаввур кардан») — маълумот оид ба муҳити атроф, ки сатҳи номуайянии дониши инсонро кам менамояд. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Мафҳуми_информатсия"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B0.D1.84.D2.B3.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Мафҳуми информатсия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Мафҳуми информатсия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Мафҳуми информатсия"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Информатсия мафҳуми хеле васеъ аст. Калимаҳои арабии «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Хабар">хабар</a>», «<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ахбор">ахбор</a>», «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Маълумот (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">маълумот</a>», «иттилоот» ва ғайра баъзе паҳлӯҳои мафҳуми информатсияро маънидод менамоянд, вале ягонтои он ин калимаро пурра иваз карда наметавонанд. Масалан, сигнали ягон датчик ё бӯйи ягон таъомро информатсия гуфтан мумкин аст, вале иттилоотро на.<br /> Мафҳуми <i><b>информатсия</b></i> аз калимаи лотинии information сарчашма гирифта, маънои маънидодкунӣ, фаҳмондадиҳӣ, баёнкунӣ, хабардоркунӣ ва ғайраро дорад. Одамон информатсияро ба ҳамдигар бо тарзҳои шифоҳӣ, хаттӣ ё дар намудҳои имову ишоратӣ ва ё аломатӣ мерасонанд. Инсон ҳар гуна информатсияро аввал худаш дарк мекунад ва баъд онро ба дигарон ирсол медиҳад.<br /> Мо информатсияро аз китобҳои таълимию илмӣ, рӯзномаю маҷаллаҳо ва намоишномаҳои телевизиониву кинофилмҳо мегирем. Онро дар дафтар ё конспектҳоямон қайд менамоем. Дар фаъҳолияти истеҳсолӣ, мо информатсияро дар намуди матну нақшаҳо, маълумотномаву ҳисоботҳо, ҷадвалҳо ва дигар намуди ҳуҷҷатҳо ба қайд мегирем, ё интиқол медиҳем. Чунин намуд информатсияҳоро бо ёрии компютер низ ба қайд гирифта, кор карда баромадан ва интиқол додан мумкин аст.<br /> Новобаста аз намуди тасвиршавиаш, информатсия ҳамеша маълумот дар бораи ягон шахс ё ягон чиз аст. Вай ҳодисаҳои дар ҳаёти мо аллакай рӯйдода ё рӯйдиҳандаро инъикос менамояд. Масалан, мо дирӯз кадом корҳоро анҷом додем, ё пагоҳ бо чӣ корҳо машғул мешавем, мисолҳои информатсия шуда метавонанд. Дар ин мавридҳо бояд информатсия ҳатман дар ягоҳн шакли мушаххас – ҳикоя, расм, мақола, шеър ва ғайра тасвир гардад, ё ба қайд гирифта шавад. Асарҳои мусиқӣ ва графикӣ, китобу мусаввараҳо, спектаклу кинофилмҳо – шаклҳои гуногуни тасвири информатсияро ташкил медиҳанд. Ҳамин тариқ, информатсия дар ҳар гуна шакл – инъикоси дунёи воқеӣ ё хаёлӣ мебошад. Аз ин рӯ, информатсияро ҳамчун инъикоси ҷаҳони моддӣ дар шакли аломатҳо ва сигналҳо тасвир кардан мумкин аст. Вале ҳаминро қайд кардан зарур аст, ки таърифи мутлақо аниқи информатсия вуҷуд надорад. Вай ҳамчун мафҳумҳои нуқта ё ҳамворӣ дар геометрия ва ё адад дар математика мафҳуми ибтидоӣ аст. Информатсияро чунин маънидод кардан мумкин аст:<br /> <i><b>Информатсия маълумот дар бораи ягон ҳодиса, предмет, шахс, рӯйдод ва умуман муҳити атроф аст, ки сатҳи номуайянии дониши инсонро дар ҳамон самти омӯзиш кам менамояд.</b></i><br /> Бояд гуфт, ки информатсия объекти моддӣ нест: </p> <ul><li><i>Ҳангоми ирсол аз як ҷой ба ҷои дигар, информатсия дар ҷои пешинааш низ боқӣ мемонад</i>.</li> <li><i>Барои ирсол додан информатсия бояд дар ягон барандаи моддӣ тасвир карда шавад.</i></li> <li><i>Новобаста аз намуди баранда, миқдори информатсия бетағйир мемонад</i>.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Тасвири моддӣ, энергетикӣ ва информатсионии олам'</b>. Инсоният дар тӯли мавҷудияти худ як зумра инқилобҳои илмию техникиро паси сар намудааст, ки ҳар кадомашон дар камолот ва худшиносии он нақши амиқро боқӣ гузоштаанд. Масалан, асри сангӣ ба пайдоиши аввалин олоти меҳнат сабаб гашт, ки он заҳмати инсонро куллан дигаргун сохт. Асри биринҷӣ ба азхудкунии гудохтани металл овард, ки он дар дигаргуншавии моҳияти ҳаёти ҷамъиятӣ такони бузурге буд. Ва ҳамин зайл, асри чарх ба пайдоиш ва истифодаи аробаю автомобил, асри барқ ба офариниш ва истифодаи энергияи беҳамтои барқӣ, асри ядроӣ ба инкишофи омӯзиши кайҳон ва энергетикаи атомӣ сабаб гаштаанд, ки онҳо меҳнати фикрию ҷисмонии инсонро миллионҳо маротиба осон гардонидаанд. Имрӯзҳо мо зуд-зуд дар хусуси асри информатсионӣ сухан меронем.<br /></i> Дар ҳақиқат асри ХХI асри <i><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Информатика">информатика</a> ва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Технологияҳои информатсионӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">технологияҳои информатсионӣ</a></b></i> мебошад. Дар ин аср тамоми самтҳои фаъолияти инсон аз дастовардҳои техникаи компютерӣ ва технологияи навтарини коркарди информатсия баҳравар мегардад. Омилҳои сегона, яъне модда-энергия-информатсия ба зумраи он ғизоҳое табдил меёбанд, ки инсони қарни нав мазмуну мундариҷаи ҳаёт ва фаъолияти ақлонию ҷисмонии худро дар такя ба онҳо ба низом медарорад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Намудҳои_информатсия"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.83.D0.B4.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Намудҳои информатсия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Намудҳои информатсия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Намудҳои информатсия"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Гарчанде инсон информатсияро амалан бо тамоми узвҳои ҳиссиёти худ қабул намояд ҳам, вале ҳоло вай коркарди компютерии на ҳама намудҳои информатсияро аз худ намудааст. Масалан, идроки эстетикӣ ё муносибати байни одамон аз зумраи он проблемаҳоеанд, ки коркарди компютерии онҳоро вақт интизор аст. Дар замони мо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Компютер">компютер</a> дар коркарди намудҳои зерини информатсия ба таври васеъ ба роҳ монда мешаванд: </p> <ul><li><i>информатсияи матнӣ</i></li> <li><i>информатсияи ададӣ</i></li> <li><i>информатсия дар бораи таърихи рӯз ва вақт</i></li> <li><i>информатсияи сабти садоӣ</i></li> <li><i>информатсияи графикӣ, аниматсия ва видеофилмҳо</i></li> <li><i>информатсияи махсуси дуӣ</i>.</li></ul> <p>Дар ибтидо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Компютер">компютер</a> танҳо барои коркарди информатсияи ададӣ хидмат мерасонид. Вале ба зудӣ маълум гашт, ки имкониятҳои компютер хеле васеъ будааст. Аз тарафи дигар, набояд фаромӯш кард, ки имкониятҳои компютер беохир нест. Вай дар он соҳаҳое самараи хуб дода метавонад, ки истифодааш дар онҳо амалан собит гаштааст. Соҳаҳои тадбиқи имрӯзаи технологияҳои компютерӣ намудҳои дар боло овардашудаи информатсия ба шумор мераванд. Мутаасифона, тарақиёти минбаъдаи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Техникаи компютерӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">техникаи компютерӣ</a> танҳо ба коркарди ҳаҷми зиёдтари ҳамин намуд информатсияҳо меовараду халос. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Хосиятҳои_информатсия"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Хосиятҳои информатсия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Хосиятҳои информатсия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Хосиятҳои информатсия"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Дарёфти информатсия</b></i> – ин ба даст овардани далел, маълумот ва додашудаҳо дар бораи хосиятҳо, сохтор ё алоқамандии объектҳо ва рӯйдодҳои муҳити атрофи мо мебошад.<br /> Мазмуни моддии информатсия имкон медиҳад, ки хосиятҳои асосии он – саҳеҳӣ, мукаммалӣ, муҳимӣ, актуалӣ, аниқӣ, дастрасӣ, кӯтоҳӣ ва фаҳмогӣ равшан карда шаванд. </p> <ul><li><i><b>Информатсия саҳеҳ (мӯътамад)</b></i> ҳисоб карда мешавад, агар вай вазъи аслро мутлақо дуруст тасвир намояд. Информатсияи носаҳеҳ боиси хатофаҳмии рӯйдод ва қабули қарорҳои нодуруст мегардад.</li> <li><i><b>Информатсия мукаммал (пурра)</b></i> шумурда мешавад, агар вай барои фаҳмиши вазъи асл ва қабули қарори дахлдор кифоя бошад. Нопуррагии информатсия монеаи қабули қарорҳо ва сабаби роҳдиҳӣ ба хатоҳо мегардад.</li> <li><i><b>Муҳиммии (арзандагии) информатсия</b></i> дар он зоҳир мегардад, ки бо ёрии он кадом масъалаҳо ҳал карда мешаванд.</li> <li><i><b>Информатсия актуалӣ (замонавӣ)</b></i> ҳисобида мешавад, агар вай дар шароити доимо тағйирёбанда воқеиятро дуруст инъикос намояд.</li> <li><i><b>Информатсия фаҳмо (возеҳ, аён)</b></i> шумурда мешавад, агар вай тарзе ифода шуда бошад, ки дастраси истифодабаранда бошад.</li> <li><i><b>Информатсия аниқ</b></i> ҳисобида мешавад, агар вай дараҷаи беҳтарини наздикии вазъи аслии объект, раванд ё рӯйдодро инъикос намояд.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарзҳои_кодиронии_информатсия"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B7.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Тарзҳои кодиронии информатсия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тарзҳои кодиронии информатсия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Тарзҳои кодиронии информатсия"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Кодиронии рақамии информатсияҳои намудашон гуногун.</b></i> Раванди ташаккули тарзи муайяни тасвири информатсияро <i>кодиронии (рамзсозӣ, рамзбандӣ) информатсия</i> мегӯянд. Одатан дар зери мафҳуми кодиронии информатсия гузариш аз як тарз ба дигар тарзи тасвири информатсияро мефаҳмонд, ки вай барои нигаҳдорӣ, интиқол ва коркард қулайтар аст.<br /> Компютер танҳо намуди информатсияеро кор карда баромада метавонад, ки вай дар шакли рақамӣ тасвир шуда бошад. Ҳар гуна информатсияи намуди дигар – садо, наво, матн, график, расм, нишондоди асбобҳо ва ғайра ҳангоми коркарди компютерӣ бояд аввал ба шакли рақамӣ табдил дода шавад. Масалан, барои садои мусиқиро ба шакли ададӣ табдил додан, кифоя аст, ки дар фҳосилаҳои начандон калони вақт баландии (шиддати) садоро барои зудиҳои муайян чен намоем ва натиҷаҳои ченкуниҳоро дар шакли рақамӣ ба қайд гирем. Бо ёрии программаҳои компютерӣ бошад, ин табдилотро дар шакли садои мусиқӣ аз нав барқарор намудан мумкин аст.<br /> Айнан ҳамин тавр, бо ёрии компютер информатсияи матниро низ кор карда баромадан мумкин аст. Ҳангоми ба компютер дохил намудани рамзҳо (<a href="/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84" title="Ҳарф">ҳарф</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рақам (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">рақам</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Аломат">аломат</a>) онҳо бо ёрии ягон адади муайян кодиронида мешаванд. Дар вақти ба қисмҳои беруна (экран, принтер) хориҷ намудан бошад, баръакс, аз рӯи коди онҳо тасвири худи рамзҳо сохта мешавад. Ана ҳамин мувофиқати байни рамзҳову ададҳоро рамзсозӣ мегӯянд.<br /> Чун қоида, ҳамаи ададҳо дар компютер бо ёрии рақамҳои нолу як (0, 1) тасвир карда мешаванд. Яъне, компютер асосан дар базаи <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D3%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Системаи ҳисоби дуӣ (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">системаи ҳисоби дуӣ</a></i> кор мекунад. Сабаби асосии истифодаи системаи ҳисоби дуӣ дар он аст, ки дар ин маврид таҷҳизоти коркарди информатсия намуди хеле соддаро қабул менамояд. Дохилкунӣ ва хориҷкунии ададҳо бо ёрии компютер бошад, дар шакли муқаррарӣ (одатӣ) иҷро карда мешавад, чунки ҳамаи табдилдиҳиҳоро программаҳои компютерӣ ба зиммаи худ мегиранд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Андозагирии_информатсия_ва_ченакҳои_он"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BA.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D0.BD"></span>Андозагирии информатсия ва ченакҳои он</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вироиши қисмат: Андозагирии информатсия ва ченакҳои он" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Андозагирии информатсия ва ченакҳои он"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Воҳиди ченкунии информатсияро <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Бит">бит</a> (bit)</i> мегӯянд, ки он аз калимаҳои кӯтоҳкардашудаи англисии <i>binary digit (рақами дуӣ)</i> гирифта шудааст. Дар техникаи компютерӣ бит ба вазъи физикии барандаи информатсия мувофиқат мекунад. Масалан, магнит мекашад – магнит тела медиҳад, сӯрохӣ ҳаст – сӯрохӣ нест, лампа фурӯзон ҳаст – лампа хомӯш аст. Яке аз вазъҳоро ба воситаи рақами 0 ва дигарашро бо 1 ишорат кардан одат шудааст. Интихоби яке аз ду варианти имконпазирро бо доимиҳои мантиқии «дуруст» ва «нодуруст» низ ифода мекунанд. Бо ёрии пайдарпайии битҳо матн, мусаввара, садо ё дигар намуд информатсияро кодиронидан мумкин аст. Методи бо битҳо тасвиркунии информатсияро методи <i><b>кодиронии дуӣ</b></i> (binary encoding) мегӯянд. Дар информатика бештар аз бузургии калонтар - <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Байт">байт</a> (byte)</i> истифода мебаранд, ки вай ба 8 бит баробар аст. Агар бит имконияти аз ду варианти имконпазир интихоб намудани якеро фароҳам оварад, он гоҳ байт, мувофиқан, яке аз 256 варианти имконпазирро (28) пешкаш менамояд. Аксарияти компютерҳои замонавӣ ҳангоми кодиронии рамзҳо пайдарпайии аз 8 нулу якҳо (як байт) иборатбударо истифода мебаранд. Мувофиқати байни байтҳо ва рамзҳо бо ёрии ҷадвалҳои махсус ба танзим оварда мешаванд. Масалан, мувофиқи ҷадвали кодии Koi8-R коди ҳарфи <b>М</b> ба <b>11101101</b>, коди ҳарфи <b>И</b> ба <b>11101001</b> ва коди рамзи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пробел (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">пробел</a> (мавқеи холӣ) ба 00100000 баробар аст. Дар баробари байтҳо барои ченкунии миқдори информатсия аз ченакҳои боз ҳам калонтар истифода мебаранд:<br /> </p> <dl><dd><b>1 Кбайт (як килобайт) = 210 байт = 1024 байт;</b></dd> <dd><b>1 Мбайт (як мегабайт) = 210 Кбайт = 1024 Кбайт;</b></dd> <dd><b>1 Гбайт (як гигабайт) = 210 Мбайт = 1024 Мбайт;</b></dd> <dd><b>1 Тбайт (як терабайт) = 210 Гбайт = 1024 Гбайт.</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Эзоҳ"><span id=".D0.AD.D0.B7.D0.BE.D2.B3"></span>Эзоҳ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Вироиши қисмат: Эзоҳ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Эзоҳ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pieter Adriaans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information/">Information</a>. // <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стэнфордская философская энциклопедия (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Стэнфордская философская энциклопедия</a>, 2012. <span title="ба забони англисӣ" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(англ.)</span></li> <li>Adriaans, Pieter,van Benthem, Johan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illc.uva.nl/Research/Publications/Reports/X-2008-10.text.pdf">Introduction: Information is what information does</a>. // Dov M. Gabbay, Pieter Adriaans, Paul Thagard, Johan van Benthem, John Woods (ред.): Philosophy of Information. Amsterdam. С. 4. <span title="ба забони англисӣ" style="font-size:85%; cursor:help; margin-left:0.2em; color:#888;">(англ.)</span></li> <li><span class="citation"><i>Глик Д.</i> Информация. История. Теория. Поток. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>. — 576 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/9785170804658" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-17-080465-8</a>.</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стратонович, Руслан Леонтьевич (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Стратонович Р. Л.</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profbeckman.narod.ru/Informat.files/straton.pdf">Теория информации</a> <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160626120311/http://profbeckman.narod.ru/Informat.files/straton.pdf">Бойгонӣ шудааст</a> 26 июни 2016  сол.</small> М.: Сов. радио, 1975. — 424 с.</li> <li><span class="citation"><i>Урсул А. Д.</i> Природа информации. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Политиздат (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Политиздат</a>, 1968. — 288 с.</span></li> <li><span class="citation"><i>Урсул А. Д.</i> Проблема информации в современной науке. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, 1975. — 288 с.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЧернавский2004"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чернавский, Дмитрий Сергеевич (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Чернавский Д. С.</a></i> Синергетика и информация (динамическая теория информации). — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Едиториал УРСС, 2004. — 288 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/5354002419" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-354-00241-9</a>.</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFМелик-Гайказян1997"><i>Мелик-Гайказян И. В.</i> Информационные процессы и реальность. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Москва">М</span>.: Наука, Физматлит, 1997. — 192 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/502015086X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-02-015086-X</a>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҳамчунин_нигаред"><span id=".D2.B2.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.87.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4"></span>Ҳамчунин нигаред</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Вироиши қисмат: Ҳамчунин нигаред" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ҳамчунин нигаред"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ахбор">Ахбор</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Интернет">Интернет</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Иттилоот&oldid=1381255">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Иттилоот&oldid=1381255</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Гурӯҳ:Иттилоот">Иттилоот</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Гурӯҳи пинҳон: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Гурӯҳ:Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN">Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 7 Декабри 2023, 09:01 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. Ниг. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қоидаҳои истифодаро</a> барои маълумоти бештар.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Сиёсати ҳифзи асрор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Дар бораи Википедиа</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3">Такзибнома</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Таҳиягарон</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tg.wikipedia.org">Омор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Созишномаи куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Намуди мобилӣ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-cnfgh","wgBackendResponseTime":208,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.072","walltime":"0.348","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1176,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":8843,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2666,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 68.596 1 -total"," 42.72% 29.307 5 Шаблон:Книга"," 17.38% 11.922 1 Шаблон:Эзоҳ"," 15.69% 10.766 1 Шаблон:Маъноҳои_дигар"," 8.40% 5.763 2 Шаблон:Ref-en"," 7.99% 5.480 5 Шаблон:Указание_места_в_библиоссылке"," 7.02% 4.817 5 Шаблон:±."," 6.20% 4.251 1 Шаблон:Ref-lang"," 5.01% 3.436 2 Шаблон:Lang-la"," 4.24% 2.908 1 Шаблон:Сарнавис"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.008","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1105465,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-85b4d97d6c-7rrjv","timestamp":"20241113012138","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0418\u0442\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0442","url":"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11028","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11028","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-12-23T15:32:14Z","dateModified":"2023-12-07T09:01:13Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bb\/WikipediaBinary.svg"}</script> </body> </html>