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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Abae</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἄβαι</span>, <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Abai</i></span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an ancient town in the northeastern corner of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Phocis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Phocis">ancient Phocis</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, near the frontiers of the <a href="/wiki/Opuntian_Locrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Opuntian Locrians">Opuntian Locrians</a>, said to have been built by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argive</a> <a href="/wiki/Abas_(son_of_Lynceus)" title="Abas (son of Lynceus)">Abas</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Lynceus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynceus">Lynceus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypermnestra" title="Hypermnestra">Hypermnestra</a>, and grandson of <a href="/wiki/Danaus" title="Danaus">Danaus</a>. This bit of legend suggests an origin or at least an existence in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, and sites protohistory supports a continued existence in <a href="/wiki/Iron-Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron-Age">Iron-Age</a> antiquity. It was famous for its <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <a href="/wiki/Abaeus" title="Abaeus">Abaeus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DGRBM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGRBM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of those consulted by <a href="/wiki/Croesus" title="Croesus">Croesus</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Her_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Her-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mardonius_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mardonius (general)">Mardonius</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of the oracle was rediscovered at <a href="/wiki/Kalapodi" title="Kalapodi">Kalapodi</a> and excavated in modern times<sup id="cite_ref-pierattini2022_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierattini2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 31">: 31 </span></sup>. The results confirm an archaeological existence dating from the Bronze Age, as is suggested by the lore, and continuous occupation from the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_civilization" title="Aegean civilization">Early Bronze Age</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Roman_era" title="Greece in the Roman era">Roman Period</a><sup id="cite_ref-pierattini2022_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierattini2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 31">: 31 </span></sup>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Abae</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="Ancient Greek">Ἄβαι</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg/330px-%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg/500px-%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg/960px-%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="737"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The archaeological site</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abae is located in Greece"><img alt="Abae is located in Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Greece_relief_location_map.jpg/960px-Greece_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="825"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.445%;left:35.146%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Abae"><img alt="Abae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Abae</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Greece</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Kalapodi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Phocis_(ancient_region)" title="Phocis (ancient region)">Ancient Phocis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abae&params=38_38_13.46_N_22_53_44.81_E_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°38′13.46″N</span> <span class="longitude">22°53′44.81″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.6370722°N 22.8957806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.6370722; 22.8957806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Oracle"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Oracle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Attribution"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Attribution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Reference_bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Reference bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Before the Persian invasion, the temple was richly adorned with treasuries and votive offerings.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was twice destroyed by fire; the first time by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Persia">Persians</a> in the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes</a> in their march through Phocis (480 BCE), and a second time by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Boeotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Boeotia">Boeotians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Sacred_War" title="Third Sacred War">Sacred or Phocian War</a> in 346 BCE. It was rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hadrian caused a smaller temple to be built near the ruins of the former one. In the new temple there were three ancient statues in brass of Apollo, <a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>, which had been dedicated by the Abaei, and had perhaps been saved from the former temple. The ancient <a href="/wiki/Agora" title="Agora">agora</a> and the ancient theatre still existed in the town in the time of <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a>. According to the statement of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, as preserved by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> from the Phocian town of Abae immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>, and gave to the inhabitants the name of Abantes.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Oracle">Oracle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Oracle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Despite destruction of the town, the oracle was still consulted, e.g. by the <a href="/wiki/Thebes_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebes (Greece)">Thebans</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leuctra" title="Battle of Leuctra">Battle of Leuctra</a> in 371 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-p2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple, along with the village of the same name, may have escaped destruction during the Third Sacred War (355–346 BCE), due to the respect given to the inhabitants;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it was in a very dilapidated state when seen by Pausanias in the 2nd century CE,<sup id="cite_ref-PausX_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PausX-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some restoration, as well as the building of a new temple, was undertaken by Emperor Hadrian.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sanctity of the shrine ensured certain privileges to the people of Abae,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these were confirmed by the Romans. The Persians did not reflect this opinion and would destroy all the temples that they overcame, Abae included. The Greeks pledged not to rebuild them as a memorial of the ravages of the Persians.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the most exciting recent archaeological discoveries in Greece is the recognition that the sanctuary site near the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Kalapodi" title="Kalapodi">Kalapodi</a> is not only the site of the oracle of Apollon at Abae, but that it was in constant use for cult practices from early <a href="/wiki/Helladic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Helladic period">Mycenaean</a> times to the Roman period. It is thus the first site where the archaeology confirms the continuity of <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_religion" title="Mycenaean religion">Mycenaean</a> and Classical Greek religion, which has been inferred from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">presence of the names</a> of Classical Greek divinities on <a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a> texts from <a href="/wiki/Pylos" title="Pylos">Pylos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fortified site described below, originally identified as Abae by Colonel <a href="/wiki/William_Leake" title="William Leake">William Leake</a> in the 19th century, is much more likely to be that of the Sanctuary of <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hyampolis" title="Hyampolis">Hyampolis</a>: </p><p>"The <a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">polygonal</a> walls of the acropolis may still be seen in a fair state of preservation on a circular hill standing about 500 ft. [150 m] above the little plain of <a href="/wiki/Exarchos,_Phthiotis" title="Exarchos, Phthiotis">Exarcho</a>; one gateway remains, and there are also traces of town walls below. The temple site was on a low spur of the hill, below the town. An early terrace wall supports a precinct in which are a <a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">stoa</a> and some remains of temples; these were excavated by the <a href="/wiki/British_School_at_Athens" title="British School at Athens">British School at Athens</a> in 1894, but very little was found."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oracle was mentioned in Oedipus Rex.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Attribution">Attribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attribution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography/Abae" class="extiw" title="s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Abae">Abae</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a></i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abae&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1854%2F1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-roman" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ancient history of the site is derived from references in ancient works. There is no continuous history. These references are called fragments. The Topos Text Project has undertaken to collect these fragments, combined with archaeological information, on various topics of ancient history. It has found at least 19 on Abae: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/place/386229SAba">"Apollo of Abae (phthiotis) 19 Kalapodi"</a>. Topos Text<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+of+Abae+%28phthiotis%29+19+Kalapodi&rft.pub=Topos+Text&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopostext.org%2Fplace%2F386229SAba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> For example, one from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanus_of_Byzantium" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a>. <i><span></span></i>Ethnica<i><span></span></i>. Vol. <i>s.v. Abae</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnica&rft.au=Stephanus+of+Byzantium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> states that Abae is "a city of the Phokians, where there is a sanctuary of Apollo. This was the oracle before the one in Delphi." The s.v. stands for sub verso, "under the heading."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See reports of the excavations of the German Archaeological Institute in Archaeological Reports for 2008/9 43-45, Archaeological Reports for 2007/8 47-49, Archaeological Reports for 2006/7 41-43, Archaeological Reports for 2005/6 68-69, Archaeological Reports for 2004/5 55-56.</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvery1962">Avery 1962</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DGRBM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DGRBM_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitz2013">Schmitz 2013</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Her-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Her_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus1920">Herodotus 1920</a>, p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHesychiusSchmidt1867">Hesychius & Schmidt 1867</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPausanias1898">Pausanias 1898</a>, p. 439</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBell1989">Bell 1989</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pierattini2022-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pierattini2022_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pierattini2022_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierattini2022" class="citation book cs1">Pierattini, Alessandro (2022). <i>The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Greek+Temple+Architecture&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Pierattini&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus2003">Herodotus 2003</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2011">Smith 2011</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=paus.+10.35.1">"35.1"</a>. <i>Description of Greece</i>. Vol. 10. Translated by <a href="/wiki/W._H._S._Jones" title="W. H. S. Jones">W. H. S. Jones</a>; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Digital_Library" title="Perseus Digital Library">Perseus Digital Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=35.1&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%3B+London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+William+Heinemann&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Pausanias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3Dpaus.%2B10.35.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> <i>et seq.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">Histories</a></i>. Vol. 1.46, 8.134, 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histories&rft.au=Herodotus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a> (Historical Library)</i>. Vol. 16.530.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+historica+%28Historical+Library%29&rft.au=Diodorus+Siculus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrabo" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i>. Vol. pp. 423, 445.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographica&rft.au=Strabo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span> Page numbers refer to those of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Casaubon" title="Isaac Casaubon">Isaac Casaubon</a>'s edition. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenderson2000">Henderson 2000</a>, p. 351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenderson2000a">Henderson 2000a</a>, p. 381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PausX-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PausX_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPausanias1898">Pausanias 1898</a>, p. 440</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoiberg2010">Hoiberg 2010</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilco1882">Bilco 1882</a>, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenderson2000a">Henderson 2000a</a>, p. 581</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Abae" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Abae">Abae</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abae&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=6&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sophocles, <i>Oedipus Tyrannus</i> 897</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reference_bibliography">Reference bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reference bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvery1962" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Avery, Catherine A., ed. (1962). "Abae". <i>The New Century Classical Handbook</i>. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/62-10069">62-10069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abae&rft.btitle=The+New+Century+Classical+Handbook&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Appleton-Century-Crofts%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F62-10069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1989" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Robert E. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/placenamesinclas00bell"><i>Place-Names in Classical Mythology</i></a></span>. Santa Barbara, CA: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0874365078" title="Special:BookSources/978-0874365078"><bdi>978-0874365078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Place-Names+in+Classical+Mythology&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0874365078&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplacenamesinclas00bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilco1882" class="citation journal cs1">Bilco, J. (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/bch_0007-4217_1882_num_6_1_4191">"Lettre du roi Philippe aux habitants d'Abae"</a>. <i>Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique</i>. <b>6</b>: <span class="nowrap">171–</span>175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbch.1882.4191">10.3406/bch.1882.4191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+Correspondance+Hell%C3%A9nique&rft.atitle=Lettre+du+roi+Philippe+aux+habitants+d%27Abae&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E171-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=1882&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbch.1882.4191&rft.aulast=Bilco&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fweb%2Frevues%2Fhome%2Fprescript%2Farticle%2Fbch_0007-4217_1882_num_6_1_4191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Henderson, Jeffrey, ed. (2000) [1926]. <i>Pausanian Description of Greece</i>. Vol. II: Books III-V. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99207-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99207-5"><bdi>0-674-99207-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pausanian+Description+of+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-674-99207-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2000a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Henderson, Jeffrey, ed. (2000a) [1935]. <i>Pausanian Description of Greece</i>. Vol. IV: Books VIII §22 — X. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, UK: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99328-4"><bdi>0-674-99328-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pausanian+Description+of+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-674-99328-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus1920" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8RsMAAAAIAAJ&q=herodotus+histories"><i>Herodotus</i></a>. Vol. I: Books I and II. Translated by Godley, A. D. London, UK: William Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674991316" title="Special:BookSources/9780674991316"><bdi>9780674991316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herodotus&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1920&rft.isbn=9780674991316&rft.au=Herodotus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8RsMAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dherodotus%2Bhistories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> (2003) [1939]. Powell, J. Enoch (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bu8VAAAAYAAJ&q=abae&pg=PA177"><i>Herodotus, Book VIII</i></a> (in Ancient Greek). London, UK: Duckworth Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0862920043" title="Special:BookSources/978-0862920043"><bdi>978-0862920043</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herodotus%2C+Book+VIII&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Duckworth+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0862920043&rft.au=Herodotus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBu8VAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dabae%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesychiusSchmidt1867" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a href="/wiki/Hesychius_of_Alexandria" title="Hesychius of Alexandria">Hesychius</a>; Schmidt, Mauricius (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNI9AAAAcAAJ&q=%22Hesychii+Alexandrini+lexicon%22">"Ἄβαι"</a>. <i>Hesychii Alexandrini lexicon</i> (in Ancient Greek) (2nd ed.). Sumptibus Hermanni Dufftii (Libraria Maukiana).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%BC%8C%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B9&rft.btitle=Hesychii+Alexandrini+lexicon&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sumptibus+Hermanni+Dufftii+%28Libraria+Maukiana%29&rft.date=1867&rft.au=Hesychius&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Mauricius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNI9AAAAcAAJ%26q%3D%2522Hesychii%2BAlexandrini%2Blexicon%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoiberg2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abae". <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Vol. 1: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-961-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85229-961-6"><bdi>978-0-85229-961-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2002113989">2002113989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abae&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2002113989&rft.isbn=978-0-85229-961-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPausanias1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)" title="Pausanias (geographer)">Pausanias</a> (1898). <i>Pausanias's Description of Greece</i>. Vol. V. Translated by Frazer, J. G. London, UK: Macmillan and Company, Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pausanias%27s+Description+of+Greece&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1898&rft.au=Pausanias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-unfit">Schmitz, Leonhard (2013) [1867]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080714093030/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0010.html">"Abaeus"</a>. In Smith, William (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>. Cambridge Library Collection - Classics. Vol. 1: Abaeus - Dysponteus. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108060820" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108060820"><bdi>978-1108060820</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 2008-07-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abaeus&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Biography+and+Mythology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.series=Cambridge+Library+Collection+-+Classics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1108060820&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Leonhard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlibrary.com%2Fsmith-bio%2F0010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a> (2011) [1850]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5_oGAAAAQAAJ">"Abæ"</a>. <i>A new classical dictionary of biography, mythology, and geography, partly based on the "Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology"</i>. Nabu Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1172756001" title="Special:BookSources/978-1172756001"><bdi>978-1172756001</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ab%C3%A6&rft.btitle=A+new+classical+dictionary+of+biography%2C+mythology%2C+and+geography%2C+partly+based+on+the+%22Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+biography+and+mythology%22&rft.pub=Nabu+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1172756001&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5_oGAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbae" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abae&oldid=1279117090">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abae&oldid=1279117090</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Abae&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="GreenC bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1741281900"> <span>Last edited on 6 March 2025, at 17:25</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C4%B1" title="Abı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Abı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abes" title="Abes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abai_(Griechenland)" title="Abai (Griechenland) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abai (Griechenland)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B9" title="Άβαι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άβαι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abas_(ciudad)" title="Abas (ciudad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abas (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba%C3%A9" title="Abaé – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abaé" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe_in_Focide" title="Abe in Focide – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abe in Focide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="აბე (საბერძნეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბე (საბერძნეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi" title="Abi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abae" title="Abae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abai" title="Abai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abaj_(Grecja)" title="Abaj (Grecja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abaj (Grecja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abas_(cidade)" title="Abas (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abas (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Абы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abai_(Fokis)" title="Abai (Fokis) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abai (Fokis)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abai" title="Abai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Аби – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E5%8E%84" title="阿巴厄 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿巴厄" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li 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