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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Origins and pre-merger (1975–2003) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_pre-merger_(1975–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enix_(1975–2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enix_(1975–2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Enix (1975–2003) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enix_(1975–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Square_(1983–2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Square_(1983–2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Square (1983–2003) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Square_(1983–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_(2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_(2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Merger (2003) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_(2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-merger_and_acquisitions_(2003–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-merger_and_acquisitions_(2003–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Post-merger and acquisitions (2003–2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-merger_and_acquisitions_(2003–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restructuring_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restructuring_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Restructuring (2013) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restructuring_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-restructuring_and_RPG_development_(2013–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-restructuring_and_RPG_development_(2013–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Post-restructuring and RPG development (2013–2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-restructuring_and_RPG_development_(2013–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divestment_of_Western_studios_and_business_changes_(2022–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divestment_of_Western_studios_and_business_changes_(2022–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Divestment of Western studios and business changes (2022–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divestment_of_Western_studios_and_business_changes_(2022–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Corporate structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Development organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_model" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_model"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Business model </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_model-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Business </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Business-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Business subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_games_and_franchises" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games_and_franchises"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Video games and franchises </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games_and_franchises-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Game_engines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_engines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Game engines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_engines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_gaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_gaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Online gaming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_gaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloud_gaming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloud_gaming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Cloud gaming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloud_gaming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arcade_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arcade_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Arcade facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arcade_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Publishing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merchandise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merchandise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Merchandise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merchandise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Subsidiaries </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Subsidiaries subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_subsidiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_subsidiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Former subsidiaries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_subsidiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Square Enix</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" > 46 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سكوير إنكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكوير إنكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ایسکوئر انیکس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسکوئر انیکس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="اسکوئر انیکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکوئر انیکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%80%98%EC%96%B4_%EC%97%90%EB%8B%89%EC%8A%A4" title="스퀘어 에닉스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스퀘어 에닉스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्क्वायर एनिक्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्क्वायर एनिक्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3" title="سكوير اينكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكوير اينكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="スクウェア・エニックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スクウェア・エニックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="سکوەیر ئینێکس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکوەیر ئینێکس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Square Enix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="สแควร์เอนิกซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแควร์เอนิกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_Enix_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Square_Enix_logo.svg/230px-Square_Enix_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Square_Enix_logo.svg/345px-Square_Enix_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Square_Enix_logo.svg/460px-Square_Enix_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="95" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Square_Enix_HQ_(Shinjuku_Eastside_Square).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg/230px-Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg/345px-Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg/460px-Square_Enix_HQ_%28Shinjuku_Eastside_Square%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4912" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Global headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">株式会社スクウェア・エニックス・ホールディングス</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kabushiki-gaisha Sukuwea Enikkusu Hōrudingusu (K.K. Square Enix Holdings)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Square Enix Co., Ltd. (2003–2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">TYO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.jpx.co.jp/tseHpFront/StockSearch.do?callJorEFlg=1&method=topsearch&topSearchStr=9684">9684</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Entertainment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix Corporation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square Co., Ltd.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1, 2003; 21 years ago (2003-04-01)<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">Shinjuku Eastside Square, <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Yasuhiro Fukushima (honorary <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a>) Takashi Kiryu (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a>) <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Kitase" title="Yoshinori Kitase">Yoshinori Kitase</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_(business)" title="Director (business)">director</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">Arcade facilities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="List of Gangan Comics manga franchises">Manga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Merchandise" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandise">Merchandise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">¥</a>365,3 billion<a href="#cite_note-square-enix.com-5">[4]</a> (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">32,759,000,000 yen (2020) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784?uselang=en#P3362" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> ¥26.94 billion<a href="#cite_note-square-enix.com-5">[4]</a> (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data">302,634,000,000 yen (2020) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784?uselang=en#P2403" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Yasuhiro Fukushima (19.80%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,712<a href="#cite_note-foundation_year-2">[2]</a> (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Subsidiaries">§ Subsidiaries</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://square-enix.com">square-enix.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-6">[b]</a> is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">video game publisher</a> and entertainment conglomerate. It releases <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing game</a> franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a>, among numerous others. Outside of video game publishing and development, it is also in the business of <a href="/wiki/Merchandise" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchandise">merchandise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade facilities</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> publication under its <a href="/wiki/Gangan_Comics" title="Gangan Comics">Gangan Comics</a> brand. The original Square Enix Co., Ltd. was formed in April 2003 from a <a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">merger</a> between <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a>, with the latter as the surviving company. Each share of Square's <a href="/wiki/Common_stock" title="Common stock">common stock</a> was <a href="/wiki/Stock_swap" title="Stock swap">exchanged</a> for 0.85 shares of Enix's common stock. At the time, 80% of Square Enix staff were made up of former Square employees. As part of the merger, former Square <a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a> <a href="/wiki/Yoichi_Wada" title="Yoichi Wada">Yoichi Wada</a> was appointed the president of the new corporation, while former Enix president Keiji Honda was named vice president. Yasuhiro Fukushima, the largest shareholder of the combined corporation and founder of Enix, became <a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a>. In October 2008, Square Enix conducted a company split between its corporate business and video game operations, reorganizing itself as the holding company Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd., while its internally domestic video game operations were formed under the subsidiary Square Enix Co., Ltd. The group operates American, Chinese and European branches, based in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> respectively. Several of Square Enix's franchises have sold over 10 million copies worldwide after 2020, with Final Fantasy selling 173 million, Dragon Quest selling 85 million, and Kingdom Hearts shipping 36 million.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> In 2005, Square Enix acquired arcade corporation <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>. In 2009, Square Enix acquired <a href="/wiki/SCi_Games" title="SCi Games">Eidos plc</a>, the parent company of British game publisher <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a>, which was then absorbed into its European branch. Square Enix is headquartered at the Shinjuku Eastside Square Building in <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, along with a second office at <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>. It has over 5,000 employees worldwide through its base operations and subsidiaries. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_history">Corporate history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Corporate history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_pre-merger_(1975–2003)">Origins and pre-merger (1975–2003)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and pre-merger (1975–2003)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enix_(1975–2003)">Enix (1975–2003)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Enix (1975–2003)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Enix#History" title="Enix">Enix § History</a></div> Enix was founded on September 22, 1975, as Eidansha Boshu Service Center by Japanese architect-turned-entrepreneur Yasuhiro Fukushima.<a href="#cite_note-Timeline-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> Enix focused on publishing games, often by companies who exclusively partnered with the company. In the 1980s, in a partnership with developers <a href="/wiki/Chunsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunsoft">Chunsoft</a>, the company began publishing the <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a> series of console games. Key members of the developer's staff consisted of director <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Nakamura" title="Koichi Nakamura">Koichi Nakamura</a>, writer <a href="/wiki/Yuji_Horii" title="Yuji Horii">Yuji Horii</a>, artist <a href="/wiki/Akira_Toriyama" title="Akira Toriyama">Akira Toriyama</a>, and composer <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama" title="Koichi Sugiyama">Koichi Sugiyama</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-paper-11">[9]</a> The first game, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_(video_game)" title="Dragon Quest (video game)">Dragon Warrior</a>, in the Famicom-based RPG series, was released in 1986 and would eventually sell 1.5 million copies in Japan, establishing Dragon Quest as the company's most profitable franchise.<a href="#cite_note-HighScore-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-DQsales1-13">[11]</a> Despite the announcement that Enix's long-time competitor Square would develop exclusively for <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>, Enix announced in January 1997 that it would release games for both <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> consoles.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> This caused a significant rise in stock for both Enix and Sony.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> By November 1999, Enix was listed in the <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange" title="Tokyo Stock Exchange">Tokyo Stock Exchange</a>'s first section, indicating it as a "large company".<a href="#cite_note-Timeline-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Square_(1983–2003)">Square (1983–2003)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Square (1983–2003)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)#History" title="Square (video game company)">Square (video game company) § History</a></div> Square was started in October 1983 by <a href="/wiki/Masafumi_Miyamoto" title="Masafumi Miyamoto">Masafumi Miyamoto</a> as a computer game software division of Den-Yu-Sha, a <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">power line</a> construction company owned by his father. While at the time, game development was usually conducted —by only one programmer, Miyamoto believed that it would be more efficient to have graphic designers, programmers and professional story writers working together.<a href="#cite_note-paper-11">[9]</a> In September 1986, the division was spun off into an independent company led by Miyamoto, officially named Square Co., Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-CorpHistory-17">[15]</a> After releasing several unsuccessful games for the <a href="/wiki/Famicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Famicom">Famicom</a>, Square relocated to <a href="/wiki/Ueno,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ueno, Tokyo">Ueno, Tokyo</a> in 1987 and developed a <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">role-playing video game</a> titled <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_(video_game)" title="Final Fantasy (video game)">Final Fantasy</a>, which was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a>'s success in the genre with the 1986 <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_(video_game)" title="Dragon Quest (video game)">Dragon Quest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-1">[1]</a> Final Fantasy was a success with over 400,000 copies sold, and it became Square's leading franchise, spawning dozens of games in a series that continues to the present.<a href="#cite_note-paper-11">[9]</a> Buoyed by the success of their Final Fantasy franchise, Square developed notable games and franchises such as <a href="/wiki/Chrono_(series)" title="Chrono (series)">Chrono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> (in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario_RPG" title="Super Mario RPG">Super Mario RPG</a> (under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Super_Mario" title="Super Mario">Super Mario</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a>).<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-1">[1]</a> By late 1994 they had developed a reputation as a producer of high-quality role-playing video games.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> Square was one of the many companies that had planned to develop and publish their games for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a>, but with the cheaper costs associated with developing games on CD-based consoles such as the <a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Sega Saturn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">Sony PlayStation</a>, Square decided to develop titles for the latter system.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a> was one of these games, and it sold 9.8 million copies, making it the second-best-selling game for the PlayStation.<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merger_(2003)">Merger (2003)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Merger (2003)">edit</a>]</div> A merger between Square and Enix was considered since at least 2000; the financial failure in 2001 of Square's first movie, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_The_Spirits_Within" title="Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within">Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within</a>, made Enix reluctant to proceed while Square was losing money.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-hesitant-21">[19]</a> With the company facing its second year of financial losses, Square approached Sony for a capital injection, and on October 8, 2001, Sony purchased an 18.6% stake in Square.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> Following the success of both Final Fantasy X and Kingdom Hearts, the company's finances stabilized, and it recorded the highest operating margin in its history in the fiscal year 2002.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> It was announced on November 25, 2002, that Square and Enix's previous plans to merge were to officially proceed, intending to decrease development costs and to compete with foreign developers.<a href="#cite_note-Merged-25">[23]</a> As described by Square's president and CEO Yoichi Wada: "Square has also fully recovered, meaning this merger is occurring at a time when both companies are at their height."<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> Some shareholders expressed concerns about the merger, notably Miyamoto (the founder and largest shareholder of Square), who would find himself holding a significantly smaller percentage of the combined companies.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> Other criticism came from Takashi Oya of Deutsche Securities, who expressed doubts about the benefits of such a merger: "Enix outsources game development and has few in-house creators, while Square does everything by itself. The combination of the two provides no negative factors but would bring little in the way of operational synergies."<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> Miyamoto's concerns were eventually resolved by altering the exchange ratio of the merger so that each Square share would be exchanged for 0.85 Enix shares rather than 0.81 shares, and the merger was greenlit.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> The merger was set for April 1, 2003, on which date the newly merged entity Square Enix came into being.<a href="#cite_note-timeline2-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> At the time of the merger, 80% of Square Enix staff were made up of former Square employees.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> As part of the merger, former Square president Yoichi Wada was appointed the president of the new corporation, while former Enix president Keiji Honda became its vice president.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The founder of Enix and the largest <a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">shareholder</a> of the newly combined corporation, Yasuhiro Fukushima, was made its honorary chairman.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> As a result of the merger, Enix was the surviving company and Square Co., Ltd. was dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-Japan_Times-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-foundation_year-2">[2]</a> In July of that year, the Square Enix headquarters were moved to Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, to help combine the two companies.<a href="#cite_note-CorpHistory-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-merger_and_acquisitions_(2003–2013)">Post-merger and acquisitions (2003–2013)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-merger and acquisitions (2003–2013)">edit</a>]</div> To strengthen its wireless market, Square Enix acquired mobile application developer UIEvolution in March 2004, which was sold in December 2007, and the company instead founded its own Square Enix MobileStudio in January 2008 to focus on mobile products.<a href="#cite_note-UIEvolution-35">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-company_subsidiaries-36">[34]</a> In January 2005, Square Enix founded Square Enix China, expanding their interests in the People's Republic of China.<a href="#cite_note-CorpHistory-17">[15]</a> In September 2005, Square Enix bought the gaming developer and publisher <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a>, renowned for their arcade hits such as <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bubble_Bobble" title="Bubble Bobble">Bubble Bobble</a> series; Taito's home and portable console games divisions were merged into Square Enix itself by March 2010.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> In August 2008, Square Enix made plans for a similar expansion by way of a friendly takeover of video game developer <a href="/wiki/Tecmo" title="Tecmo">Tecmo</a> by purchasing shares at a 30 percent premium, but Tecmo rejected the proposed takeover.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> Tecmo would later merge with <a href="/wiki/Koei" title="Koei">Koei</a> in April 2009 to form <a href="/wiki/Koei_Tecmo" title="Koei Tecmo">Koei Tecmo</a>. In April 2007, Square Enix Ltd. CEO John Yamamoto also became CEO of Square Enix, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> In 2008–2009, Square Enix was reportedly working with <a href="/wiki/Grin_(company)" title="Grin (company)">Grin</a> on a Final Fantasy spin-off codenamed <a href="/wiki/Fortress_(cancelled_video_game)" title="Fortress (cancelled video game)">Fortress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> The project was allegedly canceled by Square Enix after introducing seemingly impossible milestones and without payments made, resulting in Grin declaring bankruptcy and its co-founders blaming Square Enix for being "betrayed".<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> In February 2009, Square Enix announced a takeover deal for <a href="/wiki/SCi_Games" title="SCi Games">Eidos</a> (formerly SCi Entertainment), the <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> for <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a>. The UK-based publisher's assets include <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitman_(franchise)" title="Hitman (franchise)">Hitman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex" title="Deus Ex">Deus Ex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thief_(series)" title="Thief (series)">Thief</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Kain" title="Legacy of Kain">Legacy of Kain</a> franchises, along with subsidiary development studios Crystal Dynamics, Eidos-Montréal and <a href="/wiki/IO_Interactive" title="IO Interactive">IO Interactive</a> that developed the games.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> The acquisition of Eidos was completed in April 2009, and in November it was merged with Square Enix's European publishing organization, business unit <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix Europe">Square Enix Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Eidosbought-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEEformed-45">[43]</a> Eidos' US operations were merged with Square Enix Incorporated.<a href="#cite_note-:4-46">[44]</a> In April 2010, a new Japanese label for Western games bearing <a href="/wiki/Computer_Entertainment_Rating_Organization" title="Computer Entertainment Rating Organization">CERO</a> restrictions called Square Enix Extreme Edges was announced.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> In July 2010, Mike Fischer was appointed CEO of Square Enix, Inc.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> Square Enix founded the mobile development studio Hippos Lab in March 2011<a href="#cite_note-hippos-50">[48]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix Montréal">Square Enix Montréal</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-SEM-51">[49]</a> In June 2011, <a href="/wiki/Stainless_Games" title="Stainless Games">Stainless Games</a> had purchased the rights to <a href="/wiki/Carmageddon" title="Carmageddon">Carmageddon</a> from Square Enix.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> In July 2011, it was reported that Square Enix closed their Los Angeles Studio.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> In January 2012, Square Enix North American office could pursue smaller niche, mobile and social media games due to its existing revenue streams.<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In October 2012, Square Enix was perceived as a "force in mobile" games by <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>. The price of Final Fantasy Dimensions and Demons' Score, $30 and $44 respectively, was criticized.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Restructuring_(2013)">Restructuring (2013)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Restructuring (2013)">edit</a>]</div> On March 26, 2013, citing sluggish sales of major Western games, Square Enix announced major restructuring, expected loss of ¥10 billion and resignation of President Yoichi Wada, whom Yosuke Matsuda replaced.<a href="#cite_note-Wada-resign-polygon-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-restructuring-engadget-57">[55]</a> Phil Rogers was elected as a new Director, among others.<a href="#cite_note-Wada-resign-polygon-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> With the restructuring, Square Enix of America CEO Mike Fischer left the company in May, with former Square Enix Europe CEO Phil Rogers becoming CEO of Americas and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> Further executive changes at Square Enix Western studios were mentioned in a statement.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a> Square Enix Europe was hit with layoffs<a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> and Life President <a href="/wiki/Ian_Livingstone" title="Ian Livingstone">Ian Livingstone</a> departed from the company in September 2013.<a href="#cite_note-:5-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> It said with the fiscal year report in March 2013, sales of Tomb Raider (2013) and Hitman: Absolution were weak, despite critical acclaim. The North American sales force was said to be ineffective and price pressure was intense.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> Matsuda noted the long development time of their important games and said they need to shift to a business model with frequent customer interactions, noting <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> as an example.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-restructuring_and_RPG_development_(2013–2021)">Post-restructuring and RPG development (2013–2021)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-restructuring and RPG development (2013–2021)">edit</a>]</div> In March 2013, Square Enix India opened in Mumbai; however the office was closed in April 2014 and reopened five years later.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> As well as Square Enix Latin America in Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> which was closed in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> A mobile studio called Smileworks was founded in Indonesia in June 2013; however it was closed in January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Collective" title="Square Enix Collective">Square Enix Collective</a> launched, an indie developer service provider headed by Phil Elliot.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> Also in 2014, Square Enix signed a <a href="/wiki/Strategic_alliance" title="Strategic alliance">strategic alliance</a> and cooperation with Japanese and French video game companies, <a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Entertainment" title="Bandai Namco Entertainment">Bandai Namco Entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a>; it has served as the Japanese publisher of video games and crossover productions since 2009.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In March 2014, following the success of <a href="/wiki/Bravely_Default" title="Bravely Default">Bravely Default</a>, Square Enix said it will "go back to their roots" and focus on creating content that will appeal to their core audience.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> Karl Stewart, vice president of strategic marketing at Square Enix for North America and Europe, left the company that month.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> In 2015, Square created a new studio known as <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_RPG_Factory" title="Tokyo RPG Factory">Tokyo RPG Factory</a> to develop what was then dubbed <a href="/wiki/I_Am_Setsuna" class="mw-redirect" title="I Am Setsuna">Project Setsuna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Around 2015, Square Enix's Western divisions began "officially working across LA and London".<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> In January 2017, Norwegian studio Artplant purchased former Eidos franchise <a href="/wiki/Project_I.G.I." title="Project I.G.I.">Project I.G.I.</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> On February 21, 2017, the formation of a new studio Studio Istolia was announced. The studio, headed by <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Baba" title="Hideo Baba">Hideo Baba</a>, would be working on the new RPG Project Prelude Rune.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> In November 2017, IO Interactive conducted a management buyout from Square Enix and the Hitman IP was transferred to the studio.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In September 2018, <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a> Mike Sherlock died, with Square Enix's executive team assuming his immediate responsibilities.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> In 2018, Square Enix branded their third party publishing division <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_External_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix External Studios">Square Enix External Studios</a>, which is headed by Jon Brooke and Lee Singleton.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> John Heinecke was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Chief_marketing_officer" title="Chief marketing officer">CMO</a> for Americas and Europe in October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> Baba departed the studio in early 2019, and shortly after this, Studio Istolia was closed, and Project Prelude Rune cancelled following an assessment of the project, with its staff being reassigned to different projects within the company.<a href="#cite_note-IshtolaEnd-84">[82]</a> In 2019, Square Enix opened an Indian office again, now in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SEIndia-85">[83]</a> which expanded into publishing mobile games for the Indian market in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-IndiaMobile-86">[84]</a> In June 2020, Square Enix donated $2.4 million to charities around their Western studios and offices, which were partially raised from sales of its discounted Square Enix Eidos Anthology bundle.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> In March 2021, Forever Entertainment, a Polish studio, was reported to be working to bring several of Square Enix's properties to modern systems.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> A new mobile studio called Square Enix London Mobile, working on <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider_Reloaded" title="Tomb Raider Reloaded">Tomb Raider Reloaded</a> and an unannounced title based on <a href="/wiki/Avatar:_The_Last_Airbender_(franchise)" title="Avatar: The Last Airbender (franchise)">Avatar: The Last Airbender</a> with Navigator Games, was announced on 20 October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divestment_of_Western_studios_and_business_changes_(2022–present)">Divestment of Western studios and business changes (2022–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Divestment of Western studios and business changes (2022–present)">edit</a>]</div> On May 1, 2022, Square Enix announced that it would sell several assets of subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix Europe">Square Enix Limited</a> to Swedish games holding company <a href="/wiki/Embracer_Group" title="Embracer Group">Embracer Group</a> for $300 million. This included studios <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Dynamics" title="Crystal Dynamics">Crystal Dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eidos-Montr%C3%A9al" title="Eidos-Montréal">Eidos-Montréal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Montreal" title="Square Enix Montreal">Square Enix Montreal</a>, IPs <a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex" title="Deus Ex">Deus Ex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Kain" title="Legacy of Kain">Legacy of Kain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thief_(series)" title="Thief (series)">Thief</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a> and rights to "over 50 games". Square Enix stated that the sale will further help it in investment into <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> and other technologies, and to "assist the company in adapting to the changes underway in the global business environment by establishing a more efficient allocation of resources". Square Enix also stated that it would retain the <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Strange" title="Life Is Strange">Life Is Strange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outriders_(video_game)" title="Outriders (video game)">Outriders</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Just_Cause_(video_game_series)" title="Just Cause (video game series)">Just Cause</a> franchises.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> However, during the Japanese publisher's full-year financial results briefing on May 13, president Yosuke Matsuda clarified the past statement and said the money from the sale will be used to strengthen the company's core games business.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> On July 25, 2022, Square Enix launched the English version of <a href="/wiki/Manga_Up!" title="Manga Up!">Manga Up!</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The acquisition was closed by August 26, 2022, with the assets being held under CDE Entertainment which is headed from London by Phil Rogers, former CEO of Square Enix Americas and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> In the company's financial statement for the following quarter, released in September 2022, Matsuda said they were moving away from outright owning studios due to rising costs of development, but were looking at means to invest in studios such as joint ventures or investment opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> In 2022, Square Enix invested in seven business strategic cooperations in the <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud services</a> such as Zebedee (United States), Blocklords (Estonia), Cross The Ages (France), Blacknut (France), <a href="/wiki/Animoca_Brands" title="Animoca Brands">Animoca Brands</a>-owned <a href="/wiki/The_Sandbox_(2012_video_game)" title="The Sandbox (2012 video game)">The Sandbox</a> (Australia and Hong Kong), and Ubitus (Japan).<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> On February 28, 2023, Square Enix Holdings announced that on May 1, <a href="/wiki/Luminous_Productions" title="Luminous Productions">Luminous Productions</a> would reorganize and merge with Square Enix internally, citing the merging of the two would “enhanced the group’s abilities to develop HD games” for the 20th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> On March 3, Square Enix issued a statement announcing a proposed change to the position of its president and representative director that, if implemented, would result in Yosuke Matsuda stepping down and being succeeded by Takashi Kiryu, who is presently the company's director. The change will become effective upon approval at the company's 43rd annual shareholders' meeting, which is planned for June 2023, and the board meeting which will follow ahead on the 20th anniversary of the merger.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Kiryu succeeded on May 18 and was seen as part of the <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XVI" title="Final Fantasy XVI">Final Fantasy XVI</a> launch event as one of his first appearances in public.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> In March 2024, Square Enix announced it would be more selective with the games it develops, resulting in numerous unannounced titles being cancelled. The company lost ¥22.1 billion (approximately $140 million) due to "content abandonment."<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structure">Corporate structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Corporate structure">edit</a>]</div> On October 1, 2008, Square Enix transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> and was renamed Square Enix Holdings. At the same time, the development and publishing businesses were transferred to a spin-off company named Square Enix, sharing the same corporate leadership and offices with the holding company.<a href="#cite_note-CorpHistory-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-company_outline-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-company_outline_japanese-104">[102]</a> The primary offices for Square Enix and Square Enix Holdings are in the Shinjuku Eastside Square Building in <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-company_outline-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> Currently, focusing in different industries, the company is divided as the following: Five Creative Business Units for game development and production in Square Enix Co., Ltd; a dedicated publishing business unit for manga and books publishing; a digital storefront business division for their e-Store and merchandise production; their media and arts business unit for music production, concert and live performance coordination, and visual contents production (live action, animation, and CG for TV, movies, and games); and a blockchain business division.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_organization">Development organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Development organization">edit</a>]</div> After the merger in 2003, Square Enix's development department was organized into eight Square and two Enix Product Development Divisions (開発事業部, kaihatsu jigyōbu), each focused on different groupings of games.<a href="#cite_note-vjump-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-rpgfan-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> The divisions were spread around different offices; for example, Product Development Division 5 had offices both in Osaka and Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-vjump-111">[109]</a> According to Yoichi Wada, the development department was reorganized away from the Product Development Division System by March 2007 into a project-based system.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> Until 2013, the teams in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> series were still collectively referred to as the 1st Production Department (第1制作部, dai-ichi seisakubu).<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-FNCdevelopers-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-fourteen-118">[116]</a> The 1st Production Department was formed from the fall 2010 combination of Square Enix's Tokyo and Osaka development studios, with <a href="/wiki/Shinji_Hashimoto" title="Shinji Hashimoto">Shinji Hashimoto</a> as its corporate executive.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> In December 2013, Square Enix's development was restructured into 12 Business Divisions. In 2017, Business Division 9 was merged into Business Division 8, while Business Divisions 11 and 12 merged to become the new Business Division 9, while a new Business Division 11 was created with some staff from Business Division 6.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-第8-12ビジネス・ディビジョン-122">[120]</a> In 2019, Square Enix announced that their eleven Business Divisions would be consolidated into four units by 2020 with a new title, Creative Business Unit.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Naoki_Yoshida" title="Naoki Yoshida">Naoki Yoshida</a>, who was previously the head of Business Division 5, became the head of Creative Business Unit III.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> Creative Business Unit III was renamed Creative Studio III in May 2024.<a href="#cite_note-:0-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> The current structure for the development and production division called Creative Business Unit is as follows:<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <ul><li>Creative Business Unit I is led by <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Kitase" title="Yoshinori Kitase">Yoshinori Kitase</a>, who was the head of Business Division 1 and focuses on Final Fantasy single-player titles and some of its spin-offs, SaGa and Kingdom Hearts series. The department comprises the former Business Division 1 (Mainline single-player Final Fantasy such as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Final Fantasy XIII">Final Fantasy XIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Remake" title="Final Fantasy VII Remake">Final Fantasy VII Remake</a>), Business Division 3 (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a>, Final Fantasy spin-offs, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Ends_with_You" title="The World Ends with You">The World Ends with You</a>, <a href="/wiki/SaGa" title="SaGa">SaGa</a> series), and Business Division 4 (Final Fantasy spin-offs produced with external companies, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dissidia_Final_Fantasy_NT" title="Dissidia Final Fantasy NT">Dissidia Final Fantasy NT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy" title="Theatrhythm Final Fantasy">Theatrhythm Final Fantasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Record_Keeper" title="Final Fantasy Record Keeper">Final Fantasy Record Keeper</a>). Currently, the titles developed internally by the group are <a href="/wiki/SaGa:_Emerald_Beyond" title="SaGa: Emerald Beyond">SaGa: Emerald Beyond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_IV" title="Kingdom Hearts IV">Kingdom Hearts IV</a>, outside of titles overseen and produced by the division and developed by contracted studios.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a></li> <li>Creative Business Unit II is led by Yuu Miyake, who was the head of Business Division 6 and focuses on the Dragon Quest, Nier, Octopath Traveler and Bravely series, as well as arcade games. The department comprises the former Business Division 6 (<a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Nier_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nier (video game)">Nier</a> series), Business Division 7 (<a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Vermilion" title="Lord of Vermilion">Lord of Vermilion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunslinger_Stratos" title="Gunslinger Stratos">Gunslinger Stratos</a>) and Business Division 11 aka "Team Asano" (<a href="/wiki/Bravely_Default" title="Bravely Default">Bravely</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Octopath_Traveler" title="Octopath Traveler">Octopath Traveler</a> series); since 2023, it also comprises employees from the defunct <a href="/wiki/Luminous_Productions" title="Luminous Productions">Luminous Productions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Forspoken" title="Forspoken">Forspoken</a>), a Square Enix subsidiary made of employees from the former Business Division 2 (<a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Final Fantasy XV">Final Fantasy XV</a>).<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> Currently, the known title developed internally by the group is <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Quest XII">Dragon Quest XII</a>, outside of titles overseen and produced by the division and developed by contracted studios.</li> <li>Creative Studio III<a href="#cite_note-:0-125">[123]</a> is led by <a href="/wiki/Naoki_Yoshida" title="Naoki Yoshida">Naoki Yoshida</a>, who was the head of Business Division 5 and focused primarily on <a href="/wiki/MMORPG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMORPG">MMORPGs</a>. It expanded into single-player titles in 2023 with <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XVI" title="Final Fantasy XVI">Final Fantasy XVI</a>. It mainly comprises the former Business Division 5 (<a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Final Fantasy XI">Final Fantasy XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV" title="Final Fantasy XIV">Final Fantasy XIV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Builders" title="Dragon Quest Builders">Dragon Quest Builders</a> series).<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a></li> <li>Creative Business Unit IV is led by Kei Hirono and focuses primarily in the Mana series along with co-development and production of remasters, ports and mobile titles such as Final Fantasy Brave Exvius. It comprises the former Business Division 8 (<a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana</a> series, along with remasters and ports of different franchises).<a href="#cite_note-CBU4-5-133">[131]</a></li> <li>Creative Business Unit V is led by Kei Hirono and focuses on Million Arthur, Schoolgirl Strikers and Grimms Notes series, alongside mobile titles. It comprises the former Business Division 9 (<a href="/wiki/Schoolgirl_Strikers" title="Schoolgirl Strikers">Schoolgirl Strikers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grimms_Notes" title="Grimms Notes">Grimms Notes</a>), and Business Division 10 (<a href="/wiki/Million_Arthur" title="Million Arthur">Million Arthur</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Chaos_Rings" title="Chaos Rings">Chaos Rings</a> series).<a href="#cite_note-CBU4-5-133">[131]</a></li></ul> In those five divisions, most of the development is done outside of Square Enix under contracted development companies, while Creative Business Unit produces and oversee the title done by those developers. All of the internal development done by Creative Business Units are for titles such as mainline Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy and Kingdom Hearts, while their mid-size and smaller titles have the development outsourced to other companies for most of the cases such as "Team Asano" led by <a href="/wiki/Tomoya_Asano" title="Tomoya Asano">Tomoya Asano</a>, a team of producers from Creative Business II who had <a href="/wiki/Artdink" title="Artdink">Artdink</a> and Netchubiyori developing <a href="/wiki/Triangle_Strategy" title="Triangle Strategy">Triangle Strategy</a> or Historia developing the remake of <a href="/wiki/Live_A_Live" title="Live A Live">Live A Live</a>, while the team was mainly present to oversee, produce, concept, while the studios do the bulk of the project under their direction.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_model">Business model</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Business model">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Localization_of_Square_Enix_video_games" title="Localization of Square Enix video games">Localization of Square Enix video games</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Business_model" title="Business model">business model</a> of post-merger Square Enix is centered on the idea of "polymorphic content", which consists of developing franchises on multiple potential media rather than being restricted by a single gaming platform.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> An early example of this strategy is Enix's <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Fullmetal Alchemist</a> manga series, which has been adapted into two anime television series, five movies (two animated, three live-action), and several novels and video games.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> Other polymorphic projects include the <a href="/wiki/Compilation_of_Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Compilation of Final Fantasy VII">Compilation of Final Fantasy VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_Age" title="Code Age">Code Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_of_Mana" class="mw-redirect" title="World of Mana">World of Mana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivalice_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivalice Alliance">Ivalice Alliance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fabula_Nova_Crystallis_Final_Fantasy" title="Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy">Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy</a> subseries.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Yoichi_Wada" title="Yoichi Wada">Yoichi Wada</a>, "It's very difficult to hit the jackpot, as it were. Once we've hit it, we have to get all the juice possible out of it".<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> Similar to Sony's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sony_Greatest_Hits_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sony Greatest Hits games">Greatest Hits</a> program, Square Enix also re-releases their best-selling games at a reduced price under a label designated "Ultimate Hits".<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> The standard game design model Square Enix employs is to establish the plot, characters, and art of the game first.<a href="#cite_note-wiiware-141">[139]</a> Battle systems, field maps, and <a href="/wiki/Cutscenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutscenes">cutscenes</a> are created next.<a href="#cite_note-wiiware-141">[139]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Taku_Murata" title="Taku Murata">Taku Murata</a>, this process became the company's model for development after the success of Square's Final Fantasy VII in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-wiiware-141">[139]</a> The team size for <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Final Fantasy XIII">Final Fantasy XIII</a> peaked at 180 artists, 30 programmers, and 36 game designers, but analysis and restructuring were done to outsource large-scale development in the future.<a href="#cite_note-peak-142">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business">Business</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Business">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games_and_franchises">Video games and franchises</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Video games and franchises">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_video_games" title="List of Square Enix video games">List of Square Enix video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_Europe_games" title="List of Square Enix Europe games">List of Square Enix Europe games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_mobile_games" title="List of Square Enix mobile games">List of Square Enix mobile games</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">List of Taito games</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_video_game_franchises" title="List of Square Enix video game franchises">List of Square Enix video game franchises</a></div> Square Enix's primary concentration is on video gaming, and it is primarily known for its role-playing video game franchises.<a href="#cite_note-animenewsnetworkinterview-143">[141]</a> Of its properties, the <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a> franchise, begun in 1987, is the best-selling, with a total worldwide sales of over 173 million units as of March 2022. The <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a> franchise, begun in 1986, is also the best-selling; it is considered one of the most popular game series in Japan and new installments regularly outsell other games at the times of their release, with a total worldwide sale of over 85 million units. More recently, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> series (developed in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> beginning in 2002) has become popular, with 36 million units shipped as of March 2022. Other popular series developed by Square Enix include the <a href="/wiki/SaGa" title="SaGa">SaGa</a> series with nearly 10 million copies sold since 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana</a> series with over 6 million sales since 1991, and the <a href="/wiki/Chrono_(series)" title="Chrono (series)">Chrono</a> series with over 5 million sold since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-SEFranchises-144">[142]</a> In addition to their sales numbers, many Square Enix games have been highly reviewed; 27 Square Enix games were included in <a href="/wiki/Famitsu" title="Famitsu">Famitsu</a> magazine's 2006 "Top 100 Games Ever", with 7 in the top 10 and <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_X" title="Final Fantasy X">Final Fantasy X</a> claiming the number 1 position.<a href="#cite_note-Famitsu-145">[143]</a> The company also won <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>'s award for Best Developer of 2006 for the PlayStation 2.<a href="#cite_note-IGN-146">[144]</a> Square and Enix initially targeted Nintendo home consoles with their games, but Square Enix currently develops games for a wide variety of systems.<a href="#cite_note-thelist-147">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-target-148">[146]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles_(seventh_generation)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of video game consoles (seventh generation)">seventh generation of video game consoles</a>, Square Enix released new installments from its major series across all three major systems, including <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Final Fantasy XIII">Final Fantasy XIII</a> on both the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_X" title="Dragon Quest X">Dragon Quest X</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-XIIIpcrelease-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-RPGFKIR-151">[149]</a> Square Enix has also developed titles for <a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">handheld game consoles</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thelist-147">[145]</a> Also, they have published games for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>-based personal computers and various models of mobile phones and modern smartphones.<a href="#cite_note-annual-152">[150]</a> Square Enix mobile phone games became available in 2004 on the <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> network in some European countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Italy.<a href="#cite_note-vodfone-153">[151]</a> Before its launch, Michihiro Sasaki, senior vice president of Square Enix, spoke about the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, saying, "We don't want the PlayStation 3 to be the overwhelming loser, so we want to support them, but we don't want them to be the overwhelming winner either, so we can't support them too much."<a href="#cite_note-Sasaki-154">[152]</a> Square Enix continued to reiterate their devotion to multi-platform publishing in 2007, promising more support for the North American and European gaming markets where console pluralism is generally more prevalent than in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-SquareHaven-155">[153]</a> Their interest in multi-platform development was made evident in 2008 when the previously <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>-exclusive game <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Final Fantasy XIII">Final Fantasy XIII</a> was announced for release on the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EGxbox-156">[154]</a> In 2008, Square Enix released their first game for the <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_Summoner:_The_Unsung_Heroes" title="Song Summoner: The Unsung Heroes">Song Summoner: The Unsung Heroes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ipod-157">[155]</a> Square Enix made a new brand for younger children gaming that same year, known as Pure Dreams.<a href="#cite_note-snoopy-158">[156]</a> Pure Dreams' first two games, <a href="/wiki/Snoopy_DS:_Let%27s_Go_Meet_Snoopy_and_His_Friends!" title="Snoopy DS: Let's Go Meet Snoopy and His Friends!">Snoopy DS: Let's Go Meet Snoopy and His Friends!</a> and Pingu's Wonderful Carnival, were released that year.<a href="#cite_note-snoopy-158">[156]</a> After acquiring Eidos in 2009, Square Enix combined it with its European publishing wing to create <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix Europe">Square Enix Europe</a>, which continues to publish Eidos franchises such as <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a> (88 million sales), <a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deus Ex (series)">Deus Ex</a> (4 million), <a href="/wiki/Thief_(series)" title="Thief (series)">Thief</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Kain" title="Legacy of Kain">Legacy of Kain</a> (3.5 million).<a href="#cite_note-annual-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-DEapprox-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-press.na.square-enix.com-161">[159]</a> Square Enix has also served as the Japanese publisher for <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> games since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> In May 2022, Square Enix sold several assets of Square Enix Europe $300 million to Embracer Group, including former Eidos Interactive franchises such as <a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex" title="Deus Ex">Deus Ex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thief_(series)" title="Thief (series)">Thief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Kain" title="Legacy of Kain">Legacy of Kain</a> and more than 50 others.<a href="#cite_note-SquareIGN-163">[161]</a> Square Enix owned franchises and games include: <ul><li>former Square franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Seiken_Densetsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiken Densetsu">Mana</a>;</li> <li>former Enix franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Star_Ocean" title="Star Ocean">Star Ocean</a>;</li> <li>Square Enix created franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Drakengard" title="Drakengard">Drakengard</a>;</li> <li>Taito franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a>;</li> <li>Quest franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle" title="Ogre Battle">Ogre</a>;</li> <li>Retained former Eidos Interactive franchise <a href="/wiki/Just_Cause_(video_game_series)" title="Just Cause (video game series)">Just Cause</a>;</li> <li>Square Enix America created games, such as <a href="/wiki/Quantum_Conundrum" title="Quantum Conundrum">Quantum Conundrum</a>, Motley Blocks;</li> <li>Square Enix Europe created franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Strange" title="Life Is Strange">Life Is Strange</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_engines">Game engines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Game engines">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, Square Enix began to work on a "common 3D format" that would allow the entire company to develop titles without being restricted to a specific platform: this led to the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">game engine</a> named <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Tools" title="Crystal Tools">Crystal Tools</a>, which is compatible with the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a>, and to some extent the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gamewatch-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> It was first shown off at a tech demo shown off at E3 2005 and was later used for Final Fantasy XIII based on the demo's reception.<a href="#cite_note-XIIIinfo-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGNupdate-167">[165]</a> Crystal Tools was also used for Final Fantasy Versus XIII before its re-branding as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Final Fantasy XV">Final Fantasy XV</a> and its shift onto next-gen platforms.<a href="#cite_note-andriasangXV-168">[166]</a> Refinement of the engine continued through the development of Final Fantasy XIII-2, and it underwent a major overhaul for <a href="/wiki/Lightning_Returns:_Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII">Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gamespot-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-gamer.ne.jp-170">[168]</a> Since that release, no new titles have been announced using Crystal Tools, and it is believed that the development of the engine has halted permanently.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luminous_Engine" title="Luminous Engine">Luminous Engine</a> was originally intended for <a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">eighth-generation consoles</a> and unveiled at E3 2012 through a tech demo titled Agni's Philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> The first major console title to be developed with Luminous Engine was Final Fantasy XV;<a href="#cite_note-andriasangXV-168">[166]</a> the engine's development was done in tandem with the game, and the game's development helped the programming team optimize the engine.<a href="#cite_note-Famitsu_1281-175">[173]</a> In addition to Luminous Engine and custom engines made for individual games and platforms before and since Square Enix often uses other companies' engines and programming languages for their video game properties. <a href="/wiki/Epic_Games" title="Epic Games">Epic Games</a>' <a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine_3" title="Unreal Engine 3">Unreal Engine 3</a> was used for games such as <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Remnant" title="The Last Remnant">The Last Remnant</a>, and more recently, <a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine_4" title="Unreal Engine 4">Unreal Engine 4</a> has been used for projects including <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_XI" title="Dragon Quest XI">Dragon Quest XI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_III" title="Kingdom Hearts III">Kingdom Hearts III</a>, and the most recent <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Remake" title="Final Fantasy VII Remake">Final Fantasy VII Remake</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a> has also been used internally for titles including <a href="/wiki/I_Am_Setsuna" class="mw-redirect" title="I Am Setsuna">I Am Setsuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lost_Sphear" title="Lost Sphear">Lost Sphear</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SaGa:_Scarlet_Grace" title="SaGa: Scarlet Grace">SaGa: Scarlet Grace</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Squirrel_(programming_language)" title="Squirrel (programming language)">Squirrel</a> language had also been used for the <a href="/wiki/WiiWare" title="WiiWare">WiiWare</a> title <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Crystal_Chronicles:_My_Life_as_a_King" title="Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King">Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles: My Life as a King</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gamasutra-176">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forever_Fantasy-177">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_gaming">Online gaming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Online gaming">edit</a>]</div> Before the merger, Enix published its first online game <a href="/wiki/Cross_Gate" title="Cross Gate">Cross Gate</a> in Japan, mainland China, and Taiwan in 2001, and Square released <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Final Fantasy XI">Final Fantasy XI</a> in Japan in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 and later the personal computer.<a href="#cite_note-IGNgate-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-shippin-179">[177]</a> With the huge success of Final Fantasy XI, the game was ported to the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> two years later and was the first <a href="/wiki/MMORPG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMORPG">MMORPG</a> on the console.<a href="#cite_note-shippin-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-FFXI_Most_Profitable_FF_Game-180">[178]</a> All versions of the game used <a href="/wiki/PlayOnline" title="PlayOnline">PlayOnline</a>, a cross-platform internet gaming platform and internet service developed by Square Enix.<a href="#cite_note-announce-181">[179]</a> The platform was used as the online service for many games Square Enix developed and published throughout the decade.<a href="#cite_note-law-182">[180]</a> Due to the success of their <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a>, Square Enix began a new project called <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Earth:_ZERO" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Earth: ZERO">Fantasy Earth: The Ring of Dominion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ring-183">[181]</a> GamePot, a Japanese game portal, received the license to publish Fantasy Earth in Japan, and it was released in Japan as "Fantasy Earth ZERO."<a href="#cite_note-gamepots-184">[182]</a> In 2006, however, Square Enix dropped the Fantasy Earth Zero project and sold it to GamePot.<a href="#cite_note-gamepots-184">[182]</a> Square Enix released <a href="/wiki/Concerto_Gate" title="Concerto Gate">Concerto Gate</a>, the sequel to Cross Gate, in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-ocean-185">[183]</a> A next-gen MMORPG code named Rapture was developed by the <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Final Fantasy XI">Final Fantasy XI</a> team using the company's <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Tools" title="Crystal Tools">Crystal Tools</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-gameinformer-186">[184]</a> It was unveiled at <a href="/wiki/E3_2009" title="E3 2009">E3 2009</a> as <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV_(2010_video_game)" title="Final Fantasy XIV (2010 video game)">Final Fantasy XIV</a> for PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows and would be released on September 30, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-GamaXbox-187">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_X:_Mezameshi_Itsutsu_no_Shuzoku_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Quest X: Mezameshi Itsutsu no Shuzoku Online">Dragon Quest X</a> was announced in September 2011 as an MMORPG being developed for <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> consoles, which released on August 2, 2012, and March 30, 2013, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-EDGE_Online_DQX_Wii_U-188">[186]</a> Like XIV, it used Crystal Tools.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> Square Enix also made browser games and Facebook games, like Legend World, <a href="/wiki/Chocobo_(series)" title="Chocobo (series)">Chocobo's Crystal Tower</a> and Knights of the Crystals, and online games for <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Japan">Yahoo! Japan</a>, such as Monster x Dragon, Sengoku Ixa, Bravely Default: Praying Brage, Star Galaxy, and Crystal Conquest.<a href="#cite_note-CCTall-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-KOTCall-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloud_gaming">Cloud gaming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cloud gaming">edit</a>]</div> In 2013, Dragon Quest X was brought to iOS and Android in Japan using <a href="/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a> as the release platform and Ubitus for the streaming technology.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> In 2014, it was also brought to 3DS in Japan using Ubitus.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> On May 8, 2012, Square Enix announced a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Bigpoint_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigpoint Games">Bigpoint Games</a> to create a free-to-play <a href="/wiki/Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">Cloud gaming</a> platform that "throws players into 'limitless game worlds' directly through their web browser".<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> The service was launched under the name CoreOnline in August 2012.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> Stating "limited commercial take-up", the service was cancelled on November 29, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-closed2013-199">[197]</a> In September 2014, a cloud gaming company called Shinra Technologies (previously Project Flare<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a>) was created; however, it was closed in January 2016.<a href="#cite_note-Shinra-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shinra2-202">[200]</a> On October 9, 2014, Square Enix launched another online game service in Japan called Dive In, which allowed players to stream console games to their <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> or <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> devices.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> The service was monetized by the amount of time the players spent playing, with each game offered for free for thirty minutes.<a href="#cite_note-diveout-204">[202]</a> The service was cancelled on September 13, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-diveout-204">[202]</a> Some Square Enix games are available in Japan on the G-cluster streaming service.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arcade_facilities">Arcade facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Arcade facilities">edit</a>]</div> With the merger of <a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a> businesses into Square Enix, the company gained possession of Taito's arcade infrastructure and facilities and entered the arcade market in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-taitoarcade-207">[205]</a> In 2010 Taito revealed <a href="/wiki/NESiCAxLive" title="NESiCAxLive">NESiCAxLive</a>, a cloud-based system of storing games and changing them through the internet instead of acquiring physical copies.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra-208">[206]</a> This system was added to its many arcade gaming locations.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra-208">[206]</a> The company continues to cater to the arcade audience in Japan with arcade-only titles, with game producers in 2015 stating that Square Enix has a loyal fan base that values the arcade gaming experience.<a href="#cite_note-arcade-209">[207]</a> In November 2019, Square Enix announced a "Ninja Tower Tokyo" theme park by its newly established Live Interactive Works division.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> The company has made three forays into the film industry. The first, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_The_Spirits_Within" title="Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within">Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within</a> (2001), was produced by Square subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Square_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Pictures">Square Pictures</a> before the Enix merger; Square Pictures is now a consolidated subsidiary of Square Enix.<a href="#cite_note-reports2007-212">[210]</a> Its box-office failure caused Enix to delay the merger, which was already under consideration before the creation of the film until Square became profitable once again.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> In 2005, Square Enix released <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Advent_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Fantasy VII Advent Children">Final Fantasy VII Advent Children</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a>-animation film based on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a> game <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a>, set two years after the events of the game.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex_(video_game)" title="Deus Ex (video game)">Deus Ex</a> film was in pre-production in 2012 and, as of 2014, was undergoing rewrites.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> In 2016 Square Enix revealed a film called <a href="/wiki/Kingsglaive:_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV">Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV</a> based in the world of <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Final Fantasy XV">Final Fantasy XV</a> and a new web series released on YouTube and <a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a> entitled <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood:_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Brotherhood: Final Fantasy XV">Brotherhood: Final Fantasy XV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SilKingsglaiveA-217">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing">Publishing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Publishing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="List of Gangan Comics manga franchises">List of Gangan Comics manga franchises</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_companion_books" title="List of Square Enix companion books">List of Square Enix companion books</a></div> The company has a <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> publishing division in Japan (originally from Enix) called <a href="/wiki/Gangan_Comics" title="Gangan Comics">Gangan Comics</a>, which publishes content for the Japanese market only.<a href="#cite_note-reports2007-212">[210]</a> In 2010, however, Square Enix launched a digital manga store for North American audiences via its Members services, which contains several notable series published in Gangan anthologies.<a href="#cite_note-anthology-218">[216]</a> Titles published by Gangan Comics include <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Fullmetal Alchemist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_Eater_(manga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul Eater (manga)">Soul Eater</a>, and many others.<a href="#cite_note-anthology-218">[216]</a> Other titles include manga adaptations of various Square Enix games, like <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_(manga)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Quest (manga)">Dragon Quest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts#Printed_adaptations" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_Ocean" title="Star Ocean">Star Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jump72-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnimeEncyc-221">[219]</a> Some of these titles have also been adapted into <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series.<a href="#cite_note-Ashcraft,_Brian-222">[220]</a> Fullmetal Alchemist is the most successful title of Square Enix's manga branch, with more than 64 million volumes sold worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-alchemist-223">[221]</a> It is licensed in North America by <a href="/wiki/Viz_Media" title="Viz Media">Viz Media</a>, while its two anime adaptations were licensed by <a href="/wiki/Funimation" title="Funimation">Funimation</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a>) in North America.<a href="#cite_note-Viz_1-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Starting in Q4 2019, Square Enix began publishing some of its manga series in English.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Merchandise">Merchandise</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Merchandise">edit</a>]</div> Square Enix has created merchandise for virtually all of their video game franchises, many items are available only in Japan. Starting in 2000, Square Enix's former online gaming portal <a href="/wiki/PlayOnline" title="PlayOnline">PlayOnline</a> sold merchandise from game franchises including <a href="/wiki/Parasite_Eve_(video_game)" title="Parasite Eve (video game)">Parasite Eve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vagrant_Story" title="Vagrant Story">Vagrant Story</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chocobo_Racing" title="Chocobo Racing">Chocobo Racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Front_Mission" title="Front Mission">Front Mission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrono_Cross" title="Chrono Cross">Chrono Cross</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-merch-227">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">Mascots</a> from game franchises are a popular focus for merchandise, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chocobo" title="Chocobo">Chocobo</a> from Final Fantasy, which has been seen as a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_duck" title="Rubber duck">rubber duck</a>,<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> a plush baby Chocobo,<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> and on coffee <a href="/wiki/Mug" title="Mug">mugs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Square Enix also designed a Chocobo <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">character costume</a> for the release of <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Fables:_Chocobo_Tales" title="Final Fantasy Fables: Chocobo Tales">Chocobo Tales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Slime_(Dragon_Quest)" title="Slime (Dragon Quest)">Slime</a> character from Dragon Quest has also been frequently used in Square Enix merchandise, especially in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-grinding-233">[231]</a> On the Japanese Square Enix shopping website, there is also a Slime-focused section called "Smile Slime".<a href="#cite_note-crystal-234">[232]</a> Slime merchandise includes <a href="/wiki/Plush" title="Plush">plush</a> toys, <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">game controllers</a>, figurines, and several board games, including one titled Dragon Quest Slime Racing.<a href="#cite_note-crystal-234">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-dragon-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-boardgame-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-venture-237">[235]</a> In Japan, pork-filled steam buns shaped like slimes have been sold in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-buns-238">[236]</a> For Dragon Quest's 25th anniversary, special items were sold, including <a href="/wiki/Business_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Business cards">business cards</a>, tote bags, and crystal figurines.<a href="#cite_note-crystal-234">[232]</a> Rabites from the <a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana series</a> have appeared in several pieces of Square Enix merchandise, including plush dolls, cushions, lighters, mousepads, straps, telephone cards, and T-shirts.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> Square Enix has also made merchandise for third party series, including figures <a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect" title="Mass Effect">Mass Effect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halo_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halo (series)">Halo</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> Beginning in 2012, it operates shops called "Square Enix Cafe" in Tokyo, Osaka and Shanghai, which display and sell merchandise, as well as serve café food.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries">edit</a>]</div> <table style="width:100%;" class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:30%;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="width:8%;">Became subsidiary </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%;">Location </th> <th scope="col" style="width:28%;">Purpose </th> <th scope="col" style="width:4%;">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Domestic </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gangan_Comics" title="Gangan Comics">Gangan Comics</a> </th> <td>March 12, 1991 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a> and Magazine imprint in its publishing business. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Square_Enix_Magazine-244">[242]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito Corporation</a> </th> <td>September 28, 2005 </td> <td>Square Enix Holdings arcade gaming subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Bubble_Bobble" title="Bubble Bobble">Bubble Bobble</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Groove_Coaster" title="Groove Coaster">Groove Coaster</a> series. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Taito_Acquisition-245">[243]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix Co., Ltd. </th> <td>October 1, 2008 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, Tokyo, Japan <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan </td> <td>Game development and publishing company, <a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a> series, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a> series. Also referred to as Square Enix Japan. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CorpHistory-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-company_outline_japanese-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEE-jobs-246">[244]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix Business Support, Co., Ltd. </th> <td>April 1, 2010 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Operational support of group company businesses including office services, information-processing and development of arcade game machines </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix AI & Arts Alchemy Co., Ltd. </th> <td>March 2, 2020 </td> <td>R&D/business involving products that combine AI, computer graphics, and art. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Image_Studio_Division" title="Square Enix Image Studio Division">Square Enix Image Studio Division</a> </th> <td>April 1, 2021 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a> animation company focused on cutscenes and movie production </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Hist_of_FF7-249">[247]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">International </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix, Inc. (originally Square Soft Inc.) </th> <td>March 1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/El_Segundo,_California" title="El Segundo, California">El Segundo</a>, California, United States </td> <td>American publishing and Japanese Intellectual Property localization. Founded as <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)#Square_Soft" title="Square (video game company)">Square Soft, Inc.</a> and merged in 2003 with sister subsidiaries <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)#Square_USA" title="Square (video game company)">Square USA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)#Electronic_Arts_Square" title="Square (video game company)">Square Electronic Arts</a> to become Square Enix USA, renamed Square Enix Inc the following year. Also referred to as Square Enix America. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEEformed-45">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEE-jobs-246">[244]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix Ltd. (originally Square Europe Ltd.) </th> <td>December 1998 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars,_London" title="Blackfriars, London">Blackfriars</a>, London, United Kingdom </td> <td>European publishing. Contains divisions Square Enix External Studios and <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Collective" title="Square Enix Collective">Square Enix Collective</a>, and offices in Paris, France and Hamburg, Germany. Founded as Square Europe Ltd. and absorbed Eidos Interactive in 2009. Also referred to as Square Enix Europe. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-SEEformed-45">[43]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix (China) Co., Ltd. </th> <td>February 28, 2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haidian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Haidian District">Haidian District</a>, Beijing, China </td> <td>Chinese publishing. The successor to Square Enix Webstar Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-China-253">[251]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Huang Long Co., Ltd. </th> <td>August 2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>Sale and management of online games in Asia-Pacific. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix Pvt. Ltd. (originally Square Enix India Pvt. Ltd.) </th> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, Karnataka, India </td> <td>Mobile games publishing subsidiary for the Indian market. Also referred to as Square Enix India. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SEIndia-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-IndiaMobile-86">[84]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_subsidiaries">Former subsidiaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Former subsidiaries">edit</a>]</div> <table style="width:100%;" class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:30%;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="width:8%;">Became subsidiary </th> <th scope="col" style="width:10%;">Closed or sold </th> <th scope="col" style="width:20%;">Location </th> <th scope="col" style="width:28%;">Purpose/Fate </th> <th scope="col" style="width:4%;">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enix America Corporation Inc. </th> <td>1990 </td> <td>November 1995 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>, United States </td> <td>Enix's first American subsidiary. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square USA, Inc (previously Square L.A., Inc.) </th> <td>August 1995 </td> <td>April 1, 2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Costa_Mesa,_California" title="Costa Mesa, California">Costa Mesa, California</a>, United States </td> <td>Square Co. Ltd's American research and development studio. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/DigiCube" title="DigiCube">DigiCube</a> </th> <td>February 6, 1996 </td> <td>November 26, 2003 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Square Co. Ltd. marketing and distribution subsidiary in Japan. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-DigiCube-258">[256]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)#Electronic_Arts_Square" title="Square (video game company)">Square Electronic Arts</a> </th> <td>April 27, 1998 </td> <td>April 1, 2003 </td> <td>Costa Mesa, California, United States </td> <td>Joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> for American publishing. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Square_EA-259">[257]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Visual_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Works">Visual Works</a> (previously Square Visual Works) </th> <td>June 1999 </td> <td>April 1, 2021 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a> animation company focused on cutscenes and movie production. Merged with Image Arts Division to form <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Image_Studio_Division" title="Square Enix Image Studio Division">Square Enix Image Studio Division</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Hist_of_FF7-249">[247]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Taito_Soft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taito Soft Corporation">Taito Soft Corporation</a> (previously The Game Designers Studio) </th> <td>June 22, 1999 </td> <td>March 11, 2010 </td> <td>Hirakawa-cho, 2-chome, <a href="/wiki/Chiyoda-ku" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiyoda-ku">Chiyoda-ku</a>, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Square Enix Co., Ltd. game development brand. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Taito_and_SQEX_merger-260">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Taito_and_ES1_merger-261">[259]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Enix America Inc. </th> <td>1999 </td> <td>April 1, 2003 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_County,_Washington" title="King County, Washington">King County, Washington</a>, United States </td> <td>A joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a> to publish Enix games for Western markets. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix Webstar Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (previously Enix Webstar Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.) </th> <td>2001 </td> <td>February 28, 2005 </td> <td>Beijing, China </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a> Chinese publishing division. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-China-253">[251]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">UIEvolution </th> <td>March 2004 </td> <td>December 17, 2007 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, United States </td> <td>Square Enix <a href="/wiki/Mobile_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile software">mobile software</a> development division. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-UIEvolution-35">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Taito Art Corporation </th> <td>September 28, 2005 </td> <td>July 28, 2008 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Taito travel and insurance agency subsidiary. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Liquidation_of_Taito_subsidiaries-264">[262]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Taito Tech Co., Ltd. </th> <td>September 28, 2005 </td> <td>July 28, 2008 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Taito subsidiary for maintenance and transportation of amusement equipment. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Liquidation_of_Taito_subsidiaries-264">[262]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Smile-Lab Co., Ltd. </th> <td>February 29, 2008 </td> <td>May 2017 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Development and operation studio for social games and community services. Sold to the management of the studio. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix of Europe Holdings </th> <td>December 4, 2008 </td> <td>April 26, 2016 </td> <td>London, England </td> <td>Holding company for the group's operations in Europe. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Game_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Beautiful Game Studios">Beautiful Game Studios</a> </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>London, United Kingdom </td> <td>Square Enix Europe game development subsidiary, <a href="/wiki/Championship_Manager_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Championship Manager series">Championship Manager</a> series. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eidosbought-44">[42]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Hungary" title="Eidos Hungary">Eidos Hungary</a> (previously Mithis Entertainment) </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>April 19, 2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary </td> <td>Square Enix Europe game development subsidiary. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eidos_Hungary-267">[265]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Eidos Interactive</a> </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>November 10, 2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a>, London, United Kingdom </td> <td>Western <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_properties" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual properties">intellectual properties</a> publishing subsidiary. Merged with Square Enix Europe. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eidosbought-44">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/IO_Interactive" title="IO Interactive">IO Interactive</a> </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>June 16, 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark </td> <td>Square Enix Europe game development subsidiary. Sold to the management of the studio. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-IO_Interactive-268">[266]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Dynamics" title="Crystal Dynamics">Crystal Dynamics</a> </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>August 26, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City, California</a>, United States </td> <td rowspan="3">Square Enix Europe game development subsidiary. Sold to <a href="/wiki/Embracer_Group" title="Embracer Group">Embracer Group</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eidosbought-44">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidos Montréal">Eidos Montréal</a> </th> <td>April 22, 2009 </td> <td>August 26, 2022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a>, Quebec, Canada </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Eidosbought-44">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Studio Onoma (previously <a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Square Enix Montréal">Square Enix Montréal</a>) </th> <td>November 21, 2011 </td> <td>August 26, 2022 </td> <td>Montréal, Quebec, Canada </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-SEM-51">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Hippos Lab Co., Ltd. </th> <td>March 7, 2011 </td> <td>May 1, 2015 </td> <td>Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Original content mainly focusing on smartphones social games. Sold to United, Inc. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-hippos-50">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Smileworks </th> <td>June 17, 2013 </td> <td>January 14, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Indonesia-269">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_RPG_Factory" title="Tokyo RPG Factory">Tokyo RPG Factory</a> </th> <td>August 2014 </td> <td>January 31, 2024 </td> <td>Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd. game development subsidiary. Merged with Square Enix Co. Ltd. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-271">[269]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Shinra Technologies </th> <td>September 18, 2014 </td> <td>January 2016 </td> <td>New York City, United States </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cloud_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud services">Cloud services</a>. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Shinra-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shinra2-202">[200]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Studio Istolia </th> <td>February 21, 2017 </td> <td>May 15, 2019 </td> <td>Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Square Enix Co., Ltd. game development subsidiary. Shut down. </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-About_Studio_Istolia-272">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-IshtolaEnd-84">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Luminous_Productions" title="Luminous Productions">Luminous Productions</a> </th> <td>March 27, 2018 </td> <td>May 1, 2023 </td> <td>Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan </td> <td>Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd. game development subsidiary. Merged with Square Enix Co. Ltd. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Square Enix London Mobile </th> <td>October 2021 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>London, United Kingdom </td> <td>Square Enix Europe game development subsidiary. Merged with Square Enix Montréal </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Gematsu:_London-273">[271]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Date of merger and emergence of Square Enix. Date of founding on website backdated to foundation of Enix on September 22, 1975 (the surviving company of the 2003 merger).<a href="#cite_note-foundation_year-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Japan_Times-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 株式会社スクウェア・エニックス・ホールディングス, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Kabushiki gaisha Sukuwea Enikkusu Hōrudingusu </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-timeline2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeline2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline2_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline2_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline2_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeline2_1-4">e</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207221933/http://www.square-enix.com/jp/company/e/history/">"Square Enix Company Timeline"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.square-enix.com/jp/company/e/history/">the original</a> on February 7, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Square+Enix+Company+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.square-enix.com%2Fjp%2Fcompany%2Fe%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundation_year-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_year_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_year_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_year_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/company/outline.html">"Corporate Profile – Corporate Information – Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd"</a>. Hd.square-enix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725212927/https://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/company/outline.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2019. Retrieved September 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hd.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=Corporate+Profile+%E2%80%93+Corporate+Information+%E2%80%93+Square+Enix+Holdings+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hd.square-enix.com%2Feng%2Fcompany%2Foutline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Japan_Times-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Japan_Times_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Japan_Times_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2002/11/27/business/game-software-firms-enix-square-to-merge-on-april-1/">"Game software firms Enix, Square to merge on April 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Times">Japan Times</a>. November 27, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713015547/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2002/11/27/business/game-software-firms-enix-square-to-merge-on-april-1/">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Game+software+firms+Enix%2C+Square+to+merge+on+April+1&rft.date=2002-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2002%2F11%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fgame-software-firms-enix-square-to-merge-on-april-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-square-enix.com-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-square-enix.com_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-square-enix.com_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/ir/finance/financial_highlights.html">"Financial Highlights"</a>. Square Enix. May 13, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808190427/http://www.hd.square-enix.com/eng/ir/finance/financial_highlights.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2018. 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Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2Fpubbu%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTD" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTD, SQUARE ENIX CO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240302041316/https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/dbbd/index.html">"デジタルビジネス事業本部 | 中途採用 SQUARE ENIX -RECRUITING-"</a>. www.jp.square-enix.com (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/dbbd/index.html">the original</a> on March 2, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2Fdbbd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTD" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTD, SQUARE ENIX CO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119113333/https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/mabd/index.html">"メディア・アーツ事業部 | 中途採用 SQUARE ENIX -RECRUITING-"</a>. www.jp.square-enix.com (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/mabd/index.html">the original</a> on January 19, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E3%83%A1%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2Fmabd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTD" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTD, SQUARE ENIX CO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240228203557/https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/bebd/index.html">"ブロックチェーン・エンタテインメント事業部 | 中途採用 SQUARE ENIX -RECRUITING-"</a>. www.jp.square-enix.com (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/bebd/index.html">the original</a> on February 28, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2Fbebd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vjump-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vjump_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vjump_111-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20031227093329/http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~nanko/news.cgi?id=2003092011">"スクウェアエニックス、合併後の事業部の様子と開発中ソフト"</a>. <a href="/wiki/V_Jump" title="V Jump">V Jump</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shueisha_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Shueisha Inc.">Shueisha Inc.</a> September 20, 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~nanko/news.cgi?id=2003092011">the original</a> on December 27, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=V+Jump&rft.atitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%80%81%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E9%83%A8%E3%81%AE%E6%A7%98%E5%AD%90%E3%81%A8%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%B8%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88&rft.date=2003-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2u.biglobe.ne.jp%2F~nanko%2Fnews.cgi%3Fid%3D2003092011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rpgfan-112"><a href="#cite_ref-rpgfan_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler,_Chris2003" class="citation web cs1">Winkler, Chris (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rpgfan.com/news/2003/1934.html">"Square Enix Talks Current Status"</a>. RPGFan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031009104611/http://www.rpgfan.com/news/2003/1934.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2003. Retrieved August 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RPGFan&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+Talks+Current+Status&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpgfan.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F1934.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100904034429/http://dol.dengeki.com/data/news/2003/9/26/7eebeedd61ad754327406658d0626da4.html">"(TGS)スクエニ第1開発事業部新規タイトル発表会、詳細レポート！"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4gamer.net/games/120/G012012/20110118006/">the original</a> on January 20, 2011. 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Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2F3bu%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBU4-5-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBU4-5_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBU4-5_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLTD" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LTD, SQUARE ENIX CO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203205026/https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/4bu/index.html">"第四開発事業本部・第五開発事業本部 | 中途採用 SQUARE ENIX -RECRUITING-"</a>. www.jp.square-enix.com (in Japanese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jp.square-enix.com/recruit/career/bu-bd/4bu/index.html">the original</a> on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jp.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8%E3%83%BB%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%A8+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E6%8E%A1%E7%94%A8+SQUARE+ENIX+-RECRUITING-&rft.aulast=LTD&rft.aufirst=SQUARE+ENIX+CO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Frecruit%2Fcareer%2Fbu-bd%2F4bu%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelva2017" class="citation web cs1">Nelva, Giuseppe (May 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dualshockers.com/square-enix-intends-develop-major-franchises-house-outsource-mid-size-games/">"Square Enix Intends to Develop Major Franchises in-House and Outsource Mid-Size Games"</a>. DualShockers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527125502/https://www.dualshockers.com/square-enix-intends-develop-major-franchises-house-outsource-mid-size-games/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DualShockers&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+Intends+to+Develop+Major+Franchises+in-House+and+Outsource+Mid-Size+Games&rft.date=2017-05-26&rft.aulast=Nelva&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dualshockers.com%2Fsquare-enix-intends-develop-major-franchises-house-outsource-mid-size-games%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahey,_Rob2004" class="citation web cs1">Fahey, Rob (July 16, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/i_squareenix_july04">"Square Peg, European Hole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605031932/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/i_squareenix_july04">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Square+Peg%2C+European+Hole&rft.date=2004-07-16&rft.au=Fahey%2C+Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2Fi_squareenix_july04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTochen2005" class="citation web cs1">Tochen, Dan (May 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/square-enix-sticks-to-its-strengths/1100-6124957/">"Square Enix sticks to its strengths"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829200605/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/square-enix-sticks-to-its-strengths/1100-6124957/">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved August 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+sticks+to+its+strengths&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.aulast=Tochen&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fsquare-enix-sticks-to-its-strengths%2F1100-6124957%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Fullmetal_Alchemist" title="Fullmetal Alchemist">Fullmetal Alchemist</a> adaptation information: <ul><li>TV Series ending: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-06/fma-irie-confirms-animating-manga-end-in-2-months">"FMA's Irie Confirms Animating Manga's End in 2 Months"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. May 6, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100509094811/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-05-06/fma-irie-confirms-animating-manga-end-in-2-months">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved May 7, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=FMA%27s+Irie+Confirms+Animating+Manga%27s+End+in+2+Months&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-05-06%2Ffma-irie-confirms-animating-manga-end-in-2-months&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>TV Series announced: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-08-20/new-fullmetal-alchemist-tv-anime-series-confirmed">"New Fullmetal Alchemist TV Anime Series Confirmed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. August 20, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821122420/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-08-20/new-fullmetal-alchemist-tv-anime-series-confirmed">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved August 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=New+Fullmetal+Alchemist+TV+Anime+Series+Confirmed&rft.date=2008-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2008-08-20%2Fnew-fullmetal-alchemist-tv-anime-series-confirmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Manga UK: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-09/manga-uk-adds-new-fullmetal-alchemist-sengoku-basara">"Manga UK Adds New Fullmetal Alchemist, Sengoku Basara"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. February 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100210211147/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-09/manga-uk-adds-new-fullmetal-alchemist-sengoku-basara">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=Manga+UK+Adds+New+Fullmetal+Alchemist%2C+Sengoku+Basara&rft.date=2010-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-02-09%2Fmanga-uk-adds-new-fullmetal-alchemist-sengoku-basara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Japanese Box Office: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-07-27/japanese-box-office">"Japanese Box Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. July 27, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411100722/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2005-07-27/japanese-box-office">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=Japanese+Box+Office&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2005-07-27%2Fjapanese-box-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Brotherhood Movie: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-14/fullmetal-alchemist/brotherhood-film-teaser-streamed">"Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood Movie Teaser Streamed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. November 14, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101116083611/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-11-14/fullmetal-alchemist/brotherhood-film-teaser-streamed">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2010. Retrieved November 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=Fullmetal+Alchemist%3A+Brotherhood+Movie+Teaser+Streamed&rft.date=2010-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-11-14%2Ffullmetal-alchemist%2Fbrotherhood-film-teaser-streamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Japanese novels: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080305051659/http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/hagaren/novels/"><bdi lang="ja">原作/荒川弘著者/井上真</bdi></a> (in Japanese). Square Enix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/hagaren/novels/">the original</a> on March 5, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%9C%2F%E8%8D%92%E5%B7%9D+%E5%BC%98+%E8%91%97%E8%80%85%2F%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8A+%E7%9C%9F&rft.pub=Square+Enix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgangan.square-enix.co.jp%2Fhagaren%2Fnovels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>DS: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930175532/http://uk.gamespot.com/ds/rpg/fullmetalalchemistds/news.html?sid=6120244">"Fullmetal Alchemist DS-bound"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.gamespot.com/ds/rpg/fullmetalalchemistds/news.html?sid=6120244">the original</a> on September 30, 2007. Retrieved September 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Fullmetal+Alchemist+DS-bound&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.gamespot.com%2Fds%2Frpg%2Ffullmetalalchemistds%2Fnews.html%3Fsid%3D6120244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Video games: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130424043131/http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Animation/hagaren/1st/game/index.html">"Fullmetal Alchemist video games"</a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Animation/hagaren/1st/game/index.html">the original</a> on April 24, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fullmetal+Alchemist+video+games&rft.pub=Sony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonymusic.co.jp%2FAnimation%2Fhagaren%2F1st%2Fgame%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jp.square-enix.com/common/images/sqex_07profile_e.pdf#page=6">"2007 Profile"</a> (PDF). Square Enix. March 1, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009082117/http://www.jp.square-enix.com/common/images/sqex_07profile_e.pdf#page=6">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Square+Enix&rft.atitle=2007+Profile&rft.date=2007-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jp.square-enix.com%2Fcommon%2Fimages%2Fsqex_07profile_e.pdf%23page%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsh,_Oli2008" class="citation web cs1">Welsh, Oli (January 15, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-dance">"Square Dance"</a>. GamesIndustry.biz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200051/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/square-dance">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Square+Dance&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft.au=Welsh%2C+Oli&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2Fsquare-dance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGantayat2005" class="citation web cs1">Gantayat, Anoop (July 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/07/01/square-enix-announces-ultimate-hits-collection">"SQUARE ENIX ANNOUNCES ULTIMATE HITS COLLECTION"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610102015/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/07/01/square-enix-announces-ultimate-hits-collection">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=SQUARE+ENIX+ANNOUNCES+ULTIMATE+HITS+COLLECTION&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.aulast=Gantayat&rft.aufirst=Anoop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2005%2F07%2F01%2Fsquare-enix-announces-ultimate-hits-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiiware-141">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wiiware_141-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiiware_141-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wiiware_141-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohler2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Kohler, Chris (February 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629020331/http://www.wired.com/gamelife/2008/02/how-final-fanta/">"How WiiWare Changed Square Enix"</a>. Wired. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2008/02/how-final-fanta/">the original</a> on June 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=How+WiiWare+Changed+Square+Enix&rft.date=2008-02-21&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fgamelife%2F2008%2F02%2Fhow-final-fanta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peak-142"><a href="#cite_ref-peak_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheffield2012" class="citation web cs1">Sheffield, Brandon (June 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/173093/Square_Enix_to_avoid_largescale_internal_development_after_Final_Fantasy_XIII2.php">"Square Enix to avoid large-scale internal development after Final Fantasy XIII-2"</a>. Gamasutra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416223232/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/173093/Square_Enix_to_avoid_largescale_internal_development_after_Final_Fantasy_XIII2.php">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+to+avoid+large-scale+internal+development+after+Final+Fantasy+XIII-2&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.aulast=Sheffield&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F173093%2FSquare_Enix_to_avoid_largescale_internal_development_after_Final_Fantasy_XIII2.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-animenewsnetworkinterview-143"><a href="#cite_ref-animenewsnetworkinterview_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertschy,_Zac2008" class="citation news cs1">Bertschy, Zac (August 3, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interview/2008-08-03/square-enix-national-manager-of-merchandise-kanji-tashiro">"Interview: Square Enix's National Manager of Merchandise, Kanji Tashiro"</a>. 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Retrieved November 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Deus+Ex%3A+Human+Revolution+sells+2.18+million&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2011-11-04-deus-ex-human-revolution-sells-2-18-million&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-press.na.square-enix.com-161"><a href="#cite_ref-press.na.square-enix.com_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.na.square-enix.com/SQUARE-ENIX-REVEALS-OUTRIDERS-WORLDSLAYER">""SQUARE ENIX REVEALS OUTRIDERS WORLDSLAYER" – Square Enix North America Press Hub"</a>. press.na.square-enix.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422173548/https://press.na.square-enix.com/SQUARE-ENIX-REVEALS-OUTRIDERS-WORLDSLAYER">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved April 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=press.na.square-enix.com&rft.atitle=%22SQUARE+ENIX+REVEALS+OUTRIDERS+WORLDSLAYER%22+%E2%80%93+Square+Enix+North+America+Press+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.na.square-enix.com%2FSQUARE-ENIX-REVEALS-OUTRIDERS-WORLDSLAYER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahey,_Mike2009" class="citation web cs1">Fahey, Mike (January 8, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5126173/square-enix-to-deliver-ubisoft-games-to-japan">"Square Enix To Deliver Ubisoft Games To Japan"</a>. Kotaku. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233307/http://kotaku.com/5126173/square-enix-to-deliver-ubisoft-games-to-japan">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+To+Deliver+Ubisoft+Games+To+Japan&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft.au=Fahey%2C+Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5126173%2Fsquare-enix-to-deliver-ubisoft-games-to-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SquareIGN-163"><a href="#cite_ref-SquareIGN_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBankhurst2022" class="citation web cs1">Bankhurst, Adam (May 2, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex">"Embracer Group Enters Agreement to Acquire Eidos, Crystal Dynamics, and Square Enix Montreal for $300 Million"</a>. IGN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220503103040/https://www.ign.com/articles/embracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved May 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Embracer+Group+Enters+Agreement+to+Acquire+Eidos%2C+Crystal+Dynamics%2C+and+Square+Enix+Montreal+for+%24300+Million&rft.date=2022-05-02&rft.aulast=Bankhurst&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Fembracer-group-enters-agreement-to-acquire-eidos-crystal-dynamics-square-enix-montreal-and-more-tomb-raider-deus-ex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamewatch-164"><a href="#cite_ref-gamewatch_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakamura,_Seiji2008" class="citation web cs1">Nakamura, Seiji (February 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20080225/gdc_cry.htm">"スクエニ村田琢氏、「ホワイトエンジン」改め「Crystal Tools」を正式発表「The Technology of FINAL FANTASY」、質疑応答も全文収録!!"</a>. Game Watch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524182719/http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20080225/gdc_cry.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8B%E6%9D%91%E7%94%B0%E7%90%A2%E6%B0%8F%E3%80%81%E3%80%8C%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B9%E3%82%81%E3%80%8CCrystal+Tools%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8+%E3%80%8CThe+Technology+of+FINAL+FANTASY%E3%80%8D%E3%80%81%E8%B3%AA%E7%96%91%E5%BF%9C%E7%AD%94%E3%82%82%E5%85%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8F%8E%E9%8C%B2%21%21&rft.pub=Game+Watch&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+Seiji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgame.watch.impress.co.jp%2Fdocs%2F20080225%2Fgdc_cry.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128151342/http://www.joystiq.com/2008/02/22/gdc08-square-enix-unveils-crystal-tools-engine/">"GDC08: Square Enix unveils Crystal Tools engine"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joystiq.com/2008/02/22/gdc08-square-enix-unveils-crystal-tools-engine/">the original</a> on January 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=GDC08%3A+Square+Enix+unveils+Crystal+Tools+engine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joystiq.com%2F2008%2F02%2F22%2Fgdc08-square-enix-unveils-crystal-tools-engine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-XIIIinfo-166"><a href="#cite_ref-XIIIinfo_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook,_Dave2012" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Dave (October 3, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg247.com/2012/10/03/final-fantasy-anniversary-interview-toryiama-speaks/">"Final Fantasy anniversary interview: Toriyama speaks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VG247" class="mw-redirect" title="VG247">VG247</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410110032/http://www.vg247.com/2012/10/03/final-fantasy-anniversary-interview-toryiama-speaks/">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andriasang.com/comy9x/">the original</a> on July 13, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+Final+Fantasy+Versus+XIII+Using+the+Luminous+Engine%3F&rft.pub=Andriasang&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft.au=Gantayat%2C+Anoop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fandriasang.com%2Fcomy9x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamespot-169"><a href="#cite_ref-gamespot_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeo,_Jon2011" class="citation web cs1">Leo, Jon (June 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140321143330/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/final-fantasy-xiii-2-qanda-yoshinori-kitase-and-motomu-toriyama/1100-6319278/">"Final Fantasy XIII-2 Q&A: Yoshinori Kitase and Motomu Toriyama"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamer.ne.jp/news/201306130063/">the original</a> on July 19, 2013. 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January 1, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120607114757/http://www.agnisphilosophy.com/en/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 7, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agni%27s+Philosophy+%E2%80%93+FINAL+FANTASY+REALTIME+TECH+DEMO&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agnisphilosophy.com%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608021249/http://zoknowsgaming.com/2012/06/06/square-enix-releases-agnis-philosophy-real-time-tech-demo-video/">"Square Enix Releases AGNI'S PHILOSOPHY, A Real Time Tech Demo [VIDEO]"</a>. 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Retrieved July 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=Taito+Announces+Digital+Download+System+For+Arcades&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F121139%2FTaito_Announces_Digital_Download_System_For_Arcades.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arcade-209"><a href="#cite_ref-arcade_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSato2015" class="citation news cs1">Sato (May 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconera.com/2015/05/07/square-enix-developers-on-why-they-make-arcade-games/">"Square Enix Developers On Why They Make Arcade Games"</a>. 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November 28, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501134252/https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20191128134/">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. 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January 31, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131044335/https://www.gematsu.com/2024/01/square-enix-absorbs-tokyo-rpg-factory">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gematsu&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+absorbs+Tokyo+RPG+Factory&rft.date=2024-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gematsu.com%2F2024%2F01%2Fsquare-enix-absorbs-tokyo-rpg-factory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_Studio_Istolia-272"><a href="#cite_ref-About_Studio_Istolia_272-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072446/http://www.studioistolia.com/aboutus.html">"About Us"</a>. Studio Istolia. 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Retrieved October 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gematsu&rft.atitle=Square+Enix+London+Mobile+established%2C+developing+Tomb+Raider+and+Avatar%3A+The+Last+Airbender+games&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Sal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gematsu.com%2F2021%2F10%2Fsquare-enix-london-mobile-established-developing-tomb-raider-and-avatar-the-last-airbender-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASquare+Enix" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Square_Enix&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.square-enix.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Square_Enix_Holdings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Square_Enix_Holdings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Square Enix Holdings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Square_Enix" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Square_Enix" title="Template:Square Enix"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Square_Enix" title="Template talk:Square Enix"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Square_Enix" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Square Enix"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Square_Enix" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video game development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Square Enix Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Collective" title="Square Enix Collective">Square Enix Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gangan_Comics" title="Gangan Comics">Gangan Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayOnline" title="PlayOnline">PlayOnline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Image_Studio_Division" title="Square Enix Image Studio Division">Image Studio Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_video_game_franchises" title="List of Square Enix video game franchises">List of franchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_video_games" title="List of Square Enix video games">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_mobile_games" title="List of Square Enix mobile games">mobile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Enix_games" title="List of Enix games">Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Enix_home_computer_games" title="List of Enix home computer games">home computer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_video_games" title="List of Square video games">Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_Europe_games" title="List of Square Enix Europe games">Square Enix Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crystal_Dynamics_video_games" title="List of Crystal Dynamics video games">Crystal Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eidos_Interactive_games" title="List of Eidos Interactive games">Eidos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taito_games" title="List of Taito games">Taito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Akiyama_(video_game_designer)" title="Jun Akiyama (video game designer)">Jun Akiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuhiko_Aoki_(video_game_designer)" title="Kazuhiko Aoki (video game designer)">Kazuhiko Aoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoya_Asano" title="Tomoya Asano">Tomoya Asano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoki_Hamaguchi" title="Naoki Hamaguchi">Naoki Hamaguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Ito" title="Hiroyuki Ito">Hiroyuki Ito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akitoshi_Kawazu" title="Akitoshi Kawazu">Akitoshi Kawazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Kitase" title="Yoshinori Kitase">Yoshinori Kitase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Minagawa" title="Hiroshi Minagawa">Hiroshi Minagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Nomura" title="Tetsuya Nomura">Tetsuya Nomura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuko_Shibuya" title="Kazuko Shibuya">Kazuko Shibuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masayoshi_Soken" title="Masayoshi Soken">Masayoshi Soken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Tokita" title="Takashi Tokita">Takashi Tokita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motomu_Toriyama" title="Motomu Toriyama">Motomu Toriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoki_Yoshida" title="Naoki Yoshida">Naoki Yoshida</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenichiro_Fukui" title="Kenichiro Fukui">Kenichiro Fukui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Gebelli" title="Nasir Gebelli">Nasir Gebelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masashi_Hamauzu" title="Masashi Hamauzu">Masashi Hamauzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Hashimoto" title="Shinji Hashimoto">Shinji Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuyuki_Honne" title="Yasuyuki Honne">Yasuyuki Honne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Ishii" title="Koichi Ishii">Koichi Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masato_Kato" title="Masato Kato">Masato Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasumi_Matsuno" title="Yasumi Matsuno">Yasumi Matsuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasunori_Mitsuda" title="Yasunori Mitsuda">Yasunori Mitsuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuji_Naka" title="Yuji Naka">Yuji Naka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazushige_Nojima" title="Kazushige Nojima">Kazushige Nojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Saga" title="Soraya Saga">Soraya Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hironobu_Sakaguchi" title="Hironobu Sakaguchi">Hironobu Sakaguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Shimomura" title="Yoko Shimomura">Yoko Shimomura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajime_Tabata" title="Hajime Tabata">Hajime Tabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Takahashi" title="Tetsuya Takahashi">Tetsuya Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiromichi_Tanaka" title="Hiromichi Tanaka">Hiromichi Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiro_Tsuchida" title="Toshiro Tsuchida">Toshiro Tsuchida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobuo_Uematsu" title="Nobuo Uematsu">Nobuo Uematsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichi_Wada" title="Yoichi Wada">Yoichi Wada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequent contractors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoshitaka_Amano" title="Yoshitaka Amano">Yoshitaka Amano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuji_Horii" title="Yuji Horii">Yuji Horii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Nakamura" title="Koichi Nakamura">Koichi Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama" title="Koichi Sugiyama">Koichi Sugiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Taro" title="Yoko Taro">Yoko Taro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Toriyama" title="Akira Toriyama">Akira Toriyama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former assets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Game_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Beautiful Game Studios">Beautiful Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiCube" title="DigiCube">DigiCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Hungary" title="Eidos Hungary">Eidos Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Designers_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="The Game Designers Studio">The Game Designers Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Storm" title="Ion Storm">Ion Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_Productions" title="Luminous Productions">Luminous Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_Corporation" title="Quest Corporation">Quest Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_RPG_Factory" title="Tokyo RPG Factory">Tokyo RPG Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Dynamics" title="Crystal Dynamics">Crystal Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eidos-Montr%C3%A9al" title="Eidos-Montréal">Eidos-Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IO_Interactive" title="IO Interactive">IO Interactive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix_Montreal" title="Square Enix Montreal">Square Enix Montreal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_compilation_albums" title="List of Square Enix compilation albums">Compilation albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_companion_books" title="List of Square Enix companion books">Companion books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DS:Style_products" class="mw-redirect" title="List of DS:Style products">DS:Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localization_of_Square_Enix_video_games" title="Localization of Square Enix video games">Localization of Square Enix video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_Engine" title="Luminous Engine">Luminous Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Tools" title="Crystal Tools">Crystal Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESiCAxLive" title="NESiCAxLive">NESiCAxLive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NESYS" title="NESYS">NESYS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taito_Type_X" title="Taito Type X">Taito Type X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuntata" title="Zuntata">Zuntata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Square_Enix" title="Category:Square Enix">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Square_Enix_video_game_franchises" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Square_Enix_franchises" title="Template:Square Enix franchises"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Square_Enix_franchises" title="Template talk:Square Enix franchises"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Square_Enix_franchises" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Square Enix franchises"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Square_Enix_video_game_franchises" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Square_Enix_video_game_franchises" title="List of Square Enix video game franchises">Square Enix video game franchises</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bravely_Default" title="Bravely Default">Bravely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Rings" title="Chaos Rings">Chaos Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocobo_(series)" title="Chocobo (series)">Chocobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Age" title="Code Age">Code Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrono_(series)" title="Chrono (series)">Chrono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Diofield_Chronicle" title="The Diofield Chronicle">The Diofield Chronicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakengard" title="Drakengard">Drakengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Mission" title="Front Mission">Front Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanjuku_Hero" title="Hanjuku Hero">Hanjuku Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itadaki_Street" title="Itadaki Street">Itadaki Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Vermilion" title="Lord of Vermilion">Lord of Vermilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Arthur" title="Million Arthur">Million Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopath_Traveler" title="Octopath Traveler">Octopath Traveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre_Battle" title="Ogre Battle">Ogre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaGa" title="SaGa">SaGa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoolgirl_Strikers" title="Schoolgirl Strikers">Schoolgirl Strikers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Ocean" title="Star Ocean">Star Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valkyrie_Profile" title="Valkyrie Profile">Valkyrie Profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Cards:_The_Isle_Dragon_Roars" title="Voice of Cards: The Isle Dragon Roars">Voice of Cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Ends_with_You" title="The World Ends with You">The World Ends with You</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eidos_Interactive" title="Eidos Interactive">Square Enix Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Championship_Manager" title="Championship Manager">Championship Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gex_(series)" title="Gex (series)">Gex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_Cause_(video_game_series)" title="Just Cause (video game series)">Just Cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Strange" title="Life Is Strange">Life Is Strange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkanoid" title="Arkanoid">Arkanoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Gear" title="Battle Gear">Battle Gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_Bobble" title="Bubble Bobble">Bubble Bobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_(series)" title="Darius (series)">Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Coaster" title="Groove Coaster">Groove Coaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunslinger_Stratos" title="Gunslinger Stratos">Gunslinger Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densha_de_Go!" title="Densha de Go!">Let's Go By Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufia" title="Lufia">Lufia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonic_Blast_Man" title="Sonic Blast Man">Sonic Blast Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Invaders_video_games" title="List of Space Invaders video games">Space Invaders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Final_Fantasy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Final_Fantasy_series" title="Template:Final Fantasy series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Final_Fantasy_series" title="Template talk:Final Fantasy series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Final_Fantasy_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Final Fantasy series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Final_Fantasy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Square_(video_game_company)" title="Square (video game company)">Square</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_(video_game)" title="Final Fantasy (video game)">Final Fantasy</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_II" title="Final Fantasy II">Final Fantasy II</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_III" title="Final Fantasy III">Final Fantasy III</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV" title="Final Fantasy IV">Final Fantasy IV</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_I_and_II" title="Music of Final Fantasy I and II">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_of_Paradise:_Final_Fantasy_Origin" title="Stranger of Paradise: Final Fantasy Origin">Stranger of Paradise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_I_and_II" title="Music of Final Fantasy I and II">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_III" title="Music of Final Fantasy III">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_III_(2006_video_game)" title="Final Fantasy III (2006 video game)">Remake</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Final_Fantasy_IV_series" title="Characters of the Final Fantasy IV series">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Harvey" title="Cecil Harvey">Cecil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rydia" title="Rydia">Rydia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_IV" title="Music of Final Fantasy IV">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Chronicles" title="Final Fantasy Chronicles">Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV_(2007_video_game)" title="Final Fantasy IV (2007 video game)">Remake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV:_The_After_Years" title="Final Fantasy IV: The After Years">The After Years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IV:_The_Complete_Collection" title="Final Fantasy IV: The Complete Collection">Complete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_V" title="Final Fantasy V">Final Fantasy V</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VI" title="Final Fantasy VI">Final Fantasy VI</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Final Fantasy VII">Final Fantasy VII</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VIII" title="Final Fantasy VIII">Final Fantasy VIII</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_V" title="Characters of Final Fantasy V">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faris_Scherwiz" title="Faris Scherwiz">Faris Scherwiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exdeath" title="Exdeath">Exdeath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_V" title="Music of Final Fantasy V">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_VI" title="Characters of Final Fantasy VI">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Branford" title="Terra Branford">Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celes_Chere" title="Celes Chere">Celes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyan_Garamonde" title="Cyan Garamonde">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_and_Sabin" title="Edgar and Sabin">Edgar and Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gau_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Gau (Final Fantasy)">Gau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Leo" title="General Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locke_Cole" title="Locke Cole">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relm_Arrowny" title="Relm Arrowny">Relm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setzer_Gabbiani" title="Setzer Gabbiani">Setzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Shadow (Final Fantasy)">Shadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strago_Magus" title="Strago Magus">Strago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefka_Palazzo" title="Kefka Palazzo">Kefka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_VI" title="Music of Final Fantasy VI">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_House_(Final_Fantasy_VI)" title="Opera House (Final Fantasy VI)">Opera House</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Final_Fantasy_VII_series" title="Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Strife" title="Cloud Strife">Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barret_Wallace" title="Barret Wallace">Barret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifa_Lockhart" title="Tifa Lockhart">Tifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerith_Gainsborough" title="Aerith Gainsborough">Aerith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuffie_Kisaragi" title="Yuffie Kisaragi">Yuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cait_Sith_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Cait Sith (Final Fantasy)">Cait Sith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Valentine" title="Vincent Valentine">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephiroth_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Sephiroth (Final Fantasy)">Sephiroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_Fair" title="Zack Fair">Zack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Final_Fantasy_VII_series" title="Music of the Final Fantasy VII series">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_of_Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Compilation of Final Fantasy VII">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Remake" title="Final Fantasy VII Remake">Remake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_Rebirth" title="Final Fantasy VII Rebirth">Rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midgar" title="Midgar">Midgar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_VIII" title="Characters of Final Fantasy VIII">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squall_Leonhart" title="Squall Leonhart">Squall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinoa_Heartilly" title="Rinoa Heartilly">Rinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selphie" class="mw-redirect" title="Selphie">Selphie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edea_Kramer" title="Edea Kramer">Edea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_VIII" title="Music of Final Fantasy VIII">Music</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Eyes_on_Me_(Faye_Wong_song)" title="Eyes on Me (Faye Wong song)">Eyes on Me</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Triad" title="Triple Triad">Triple Triad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_IX" title="Final Fantasy IX">Final Fantasy IX</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_X" title="Final Fantasy X">Final Fantasy X</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Final Fantasy XI">Final Fantasy XI</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XII" title="Final Fantasy XII">Final Fantasy XII</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_IX" title="Characters of Final Fantasy IX">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zidane_Tribal" title="Zidane Tribal">Zidane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivi_Ornitier" title="Vivi Ornitier">Vivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Garnet (Final Fantasy)">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_Crescent" title="Freya Crescent">Freya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quina_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Quina (Final Fantasy)">Quina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuja_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Kuja (Final Fantasy)">Kuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrix_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Beatrix (Final Fantasy)">Beatrix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_IX" title="Music of Final Fantasy IX">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_X_and_X-2" title="Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tidus" title="Tidus">Tidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuna_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Yuna (Final Fantasy)">Yuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Lulu (Final Fantasy)">Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikku" title="Rikku">Rikku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_X" title="Music of Final Fantasy X">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_X-2" title="Final Fantasy X-2">X-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_X-2" title="Music of Final Fantasy X-2">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_X/X-2_HD_Remaster" title="Final Fantasy X/X-2 HD Remaster">HD Remaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spira_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Spira (Final Fantasy)">Spira</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Grandmasters" title="Final Fantasy Grandmasters">Grandmasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XI" title="Music of Final Fantasy XI">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_XII" title="Characters of Final Fantasy XII">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaan_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Vaan (Final Fantasy)">Vaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Fran (Final Fantasy)">Fran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XII" title="Music of Final Fantasy XII">Music</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_Good-Bye" title="Kiss Me Good-Bye">Kiss Me Good-Bye</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XII:_Revenant_Wings" title="Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings">Revenant Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivalice" title="Ivalice">Ivalice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Final Fantasy XIII">Final Fantasy XIII</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV" title="Final Fantasy XIV">Final Fantasy XIV</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Final Fantasy XV">Final Fantasy XV</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XVI" title="Final Fantasy XVI">Final Fantasy XVI</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_the_Final_Fantasy_XIII_series" title="Characters of the Final Fantasy XIII series">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_(Final_Fantasy)" title="Lightning (Final Fantasy)">Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanille" title="Vanille">Vanille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Music of Final Fantasy XIII">Music</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Kimi_ga_Iru_Kara_(Sayuri_Sugawara_song)" title="Kimi ga Iru Kara (Sayuri Sugawara song)">Kimi ga Iru Kara</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIII-2" title="Final Fantasy XIII-2">XIII-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XIII-2" title="Music of Final Fantasy XIII-2">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Returns:_Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII">Lightning Returns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lightning_Returns:_Final_Fantasy_XIII" title="Music of Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII">Music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hildibrand_Manderville" title="Hildibrand Manderville">Hildibrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XIV" title="Music of Final Fantasy XIV">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV_(2010_video_game)" title="Final Fantasy XIV (2010 video game)">Original version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Heavensward" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Heavensward">Heavensward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Stormblood" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood">Stormblood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Shadowbringers" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers">Shadowbringers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Endwalker" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Endwalker">Endwalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Dawntrail" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Dawntrail">Dawntrail</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Characters of Final Fantasy XV">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noctis_Lucis_Caelum" title="Noctis Lucis Caelum">Noctis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignis_Scientia" title="Ignis Scientia">Ignis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prompto_Argentum" title="Prompto Argentum">Prompto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunafreya_Nox_Fleuret" title="Lunafreya Nox Fleuret">Lunafreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardyn_Izunia" title="Ardyn Izunia">Ardyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Aurum" title="Cindy Aurum">Cindy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Development of Final Fantasy XV">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV_downloadable_content" title="Final Fantasy XV downloadable content">DLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Music of Final Fantasy XV">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV:_Pocket_Edition" title="Final Fantasy XV: Pocket Edition">Pocket Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XV:_The_Dawn_of_the_Future" title="Final Fantasy XV: The Dawn of the Future">The Dawn of the Future</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Final_Fantasy_XVI" title="Characters of Final Fantasy XVI">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dion_Lesage" title="Dion Lesage">Dion Lesage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Final_Fantasy_XVI" title="Music of Final Fantasy XVI">Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subseries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Brave_Exvius" title="Final Fantasy Brave Exvius">Brave Exvius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Visions:_Final_Fantasy_Brave_Exvius" title="War of the Visions: Final Fantasy Brave Exvius">War of the Visions</a> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocobo_(series)" title="Chocobo (series)">Chocobo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chocobo_media" title="List of Chocobo media">List of media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Dimensions" title="Final Fantasy Dimensions">Dimensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Dimensions_II" title="Final Fantasy Dimensions II">II</a> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Crystal_Chronicles" title="Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles">Crystal Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissidia_Final_Fantasy" title="Dissidia Final Fantasy">Dissidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabula_Nova_Crystallis_Final_Fantasy" title="Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy">Fabula Nova Crystallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivalice" title="Ivalice">Ivalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy" title="Theatrhythm Final Fantasy">Theatrhythm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatrhythm_Final_Fantasy:_Curtain_Call" title="Theatrhythm Final Fantasy: Curtain Call">Curtain Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrhythm_Final_Bar_Line" title="Theatrhythm Final Bar Line">Final Bar Line</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Airborne_Brigade" title="Final Fantasy Airborne Brigade">Airborne Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_All_the_Bravest" title="Final Fantasy All the Bravest">All the Bravest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Artniks" title="Final Fantasy Artniks">Artniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Explorers" title="Final Fantasy Explorers">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Hoops_3-on-3" title="Mario Hoops 3-on-3">Mario Hoops 3-on-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobius_Final_Fantasy" title="Mobius Final Fantasy">Mobius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Mystic_Quest" title="Final Fantasy Mystic Quest">Mystic Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Record_Keeper" title="Final Fantasy Record Keeper">Record Keeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_The_4_Heroes_of_Light" title="Final Fantasy: The 4 Heroes of Light">The 4 Heroes of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Type-0" title="Final Fantasy Type-0">Type-0</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Type-0_HD" title="Final Fantasy Type-0 HD">HD</a> </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Final_Fantasy" title="World of Final Fantasy">World of Final Fantasy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bravely_Default" title="Bravely Default">Bravely Default</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itadaki_Street" title="Itadaki Street">Itadaki Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_(series)" title="Mana (series)">Mana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaGa" title="SaGa">SaGa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros." title="Super Smash Bros.">Super Smash Bros.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films and animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_Legend_of_the_Crystals" title="Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals">Legend of the Crystals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_The_Spirits_Within" title="Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within">The Spirits Within</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy:_Unlimited" title="Final Fantasy: Unlimited">Unlimited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII:_Advent_Children" title="Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children">Advent Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Order:_Final_Fantasy_VII" title="Last Order: Final Fantasy VII">Last Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood:_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Brotherhood: Final Fantasy XV">Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsglaive:_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV">Kingsglaive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_XIV:_Dad_of_Light" title="Final Fantasy XIV: Dad of Light">Final Fantasy XIV: Dad of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_Father_Online:_Our_Story_of_Final_Fantasy_XIV" title="Brave Father Online: Our Story of Final Fantasy XIV">Brave Father Online: Our Story of Final Fantasy XIV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Mages" title="The Black Mages">The Black Mages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_Trading_Card_Game" title="Final Fantasy Trading Card Game">Final Fantasy Trading Card Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8-Bit_Theater" title="8-Bit Theater">8-Bit Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII_(NES_video_game)" title="Final Fantasy VII (NES video game)">Final Fantasy VII NES demake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moguri_Mod" title="Moguri Mod">Moguri Mod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Final_Fantasy" title="Category:Final Fantasy">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Final_Fantasy_media" title="List of Final Fantasy media">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Final_Fantasy_video_games" title="List of Final Fantasy video games">video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurring_elements_in_the_Final_Fantasy_series" title="Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series">Recurring elements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Time_Battle" title="Active Time Battle">ATB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactuar" title="Cactuar">Cactuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocobo" title="Chocobo">Chocobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moogle" title="Moogle">Moogle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Final_Fantasy_series" title="Music of the Final Fantasy series">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_concerts" title="Final Fantasy concerts">concerts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dragon_Quest" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dragon_Quest_series" title="Template:Dragon Quest series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dragon_Quest_series" title="Template talk:Dragon Quest series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dragon_Quest_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dragon Quest series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dragon_Quest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a>)</li> <li>Armor Project (<a href="/wiki/Yuji_Horii" title="Yuji Horii">Yuji Horii</a>)</li> <li>Bird Studio (<a href="/wiki/Akira_Toriyama" title="Akira Toriyama">Akira Toriyama</a>)</li> <li>Sugiyama Kobo (<a href="/wiki/Koichi_Sugiyama" title="Koichi Sugiyama">Koichi Sugiyama</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gameplay_of_Dragon_Quest" title="Gameplay of Dragon Quest">Main series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_(video_game)" title="Dragon Quest (video game)">Dragon Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_II" title="Dragon Quest II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_III" title="Dragon Quest III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_IV" title="Dragon Quest IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_V" title="Dragon Quest V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_VI" title="Dragon Quest VI">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_VII" title="Dragon Quest VII">VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_VIII" title="Dragon Quest VIII">VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_IX" title="Dragon Quest IX">IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_X" title="Dragon Quest X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_XI" title="Dragon Quest XI">XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters" title="Dragon Quest Monsters">Dragon Quest Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Warrior_Monsters" title="Dragon Warrior Monsters">Dragon Quest Monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Warrior_Monsters_2" title="Dragon Warrior Monsters 2">Dragon Quest Monsters 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters:_Caravan_Heart" title="Dragon Quest Monsters: Caravan Heart">Caravan Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters:_Joker" title="Dragon Quest Monsters: Joker">Joker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters:_Joker_2" title="Dragon Quest Monsters: Joker 2">Joker 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters:_Joker_3" title="Dragon Quest Monsters: Joker 3">Joker 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Monsters:_The_Dark_Prince" title="Dragon Quest Monsters: The Dark Prince">The Dark Prince</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Dungeon" title="Mystery Dungeon">Mystery Dungeon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torneko%27s_Great_Adventure" title="Torneko's Great Adventure">Torneko's Great Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torneko:_The_Last_Hope" title="Torneko: The Last Hope">Torneko: The Last Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torneko%27s_Great_Adventure_3" title="Torneko's Great Adventure 3">Torneko's Great Adventure 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_Young_Yangus_and_the_Mystery_Dungeon" title="Dragon Quest: Young Yangus and the Mystery Dungeon">Young Yangus and the Mystery Dungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slime_(series)" title="Slime (series)">Slime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slime_Mori_Mori_Dragon_Quest" title="Slime Mori Mori Dragon Quest">Slime Mori Mori Dragon Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Heroes:_Rocket_Slime" title="Dragon Quest Heroes: Rocket Slime">Rocket Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_Mori_Mori_Dragon_Quest_3" title="Slime Mori Mori Dragon Quest 3">Slime Mori Mori Dragon Quest 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stand-alone video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenshin_Dragon_Quest" title="Kenshin Dragon Quest">Kenshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Swords" title="Dragon Quest Swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_Monster_Battle_Road" title="Dragon Quest: Monster Battle Road">Monster Battle Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Wars" title="Dragon Quest Wars">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Heroes:_The_World_Tree%27s_Woe_and_the_Blight_Below" title="Dragon Quest Heroes: The World Tree's Woe and the Blight Below">Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrhythm_Dragon_Quest" title="Theatrhythm Dragon Quest">Theatrhythm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Builders" title="Dragon Quest Builders">Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Heroes_II" title="Dragon Quest Heroes II">Heroes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Builders_2" title="Dragon Quest Builders 2">Builders 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Walk" title="Dragon Quest Walk">Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Treasures" title="Dragon Quest Treasures">Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest_Champions" title="Dragon Quest Champions">Champions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Quest_media" title="List of Dragon Quest media">media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_The_Adventure_of_Dai" title="Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai">The Adventure of Dai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Quest:_The_Adventure_of_Dai_volumes" title="List of Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai volumes">Manga volumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_The_Adventure_of_Dai_(1991_TV_series)" title="Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai (1991 TV series)">1991 episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_The_Adventure_of_Dai_(2020_TV_series)" title="Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai (2020 TV series)">2020 episodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuusha_yo_Isoge!!" title="Yuusha yo Isoge!!">Yuusha yo Isoge!!</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest:_Your_Story" title="Dragon Quest: Your Story">Your Story</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Yume_wo_Shinjite" title="Yume wo Shinjite">Yume wo Shinjite</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slime_(Dragon_Quest)" title="Slime (Dragon Quest)">Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malroth" title="Malroth">Malroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Dragon_Quest_III)" title="Hero (Dragon Quest III)">Hero (Dragon Quest III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvando" title="Sylvando">Sylvando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Quest:_The_Adventure_of_Dai_characters" title="List of Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai characters">The Adventure of Dai characters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Dragon_Quest_IV" title="Characters of Dragon Quest IV">Dragon Quest IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Dragon_Quest_IV)" title="Hero (Dragon Quest IV)">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_McRyan" title="Ragnar McRyan">Ragnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alena_(Dragon_Quest)" title="Alena (Dragon Quest)">Alena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torneko" title="Torneko">Torneko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_and_Meena" title="Maya and Meena">Maya and Meena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psaro" title="Psaro">Psaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healie" title="Healie">Healie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dragon Quest V</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Dragon_Quest_V)" title="Hero (Dragon Quest V)">Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca,_Nera,_and_Debora" title="Bianca, Nera, and Debora">Bianca, Nera, and Debora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladja_(Dragon_Quest)" title="Ladja (Dragon Quest)">Ladja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArtePiazza" title="ArtePiazza">ArtePiazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunsoft">Chunsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbeat_(company)" title="Heartbeat (company)">Heartbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level-5_(company)" title="Level-5 (company)">Level-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shueisha" title="Shueisha">Shueisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itadaki_Street" title="Itadaki Street">Itadaki Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_Force" title="Jump Force">Jump Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuhiko_Torishima" title="Kazuhiko Torishima">Kazuhiko Torishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koichi_Nakamura" title="Koichi Nakamura">Koichi Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Sports_Mix" title="Mario Sports Mix">Mario Sports Mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate" title="Super Smash Bros. Ultimate">Super Smash Bros. Ultimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooming_with_a_Gamer_Gal" title="Rooming with a Gamer Gal">Rooming with a Gamer Gal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puff-puff_(onomatopoeia)" title="Puff-puff (onomatopoeia)">Puff-puff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Dragon_Quest" title="Category:Dragon Quest">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kingdom_Hearts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kingdom_Hearts_series" title="Template:Kingdom Hearts series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kingdom_Hearts_series" title="Template talk:Kingdom Hearts series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom_Hearts_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingdom Hearts series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kingdom_Hearts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kingdom_Hearts_media" title="List of Kingdom Hearts media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_(video_game)" title="Kingdom Hearts (video game)">Kingdom Hearts</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts:_Chain_of_Memories" title="Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories">Chain of Memories</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_II" title="Kingdom Hearts II">II</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Coded" title="Kingdom Hearts Coded">Coded</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_358/2_Days" title="Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days">358/2 Days</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Birth_by_Sleep" title="Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep">Birth by Sleep</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_3D:_Dream_Drop_Distance" title="Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance">Dream Drop Distance</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_%CF%87" title="Kingdom Hearts χ">χ</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_III" title="Kingdom Hearts III">III</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts:_Melody_of_Memory" title="Kingdom Hearts: Melody of Memory">Melody of Memory</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_IV" title="Kingdom Hearts IV">IV</a> (TBA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_Mobile" title="Kingdom Hearts Mobile">Mobile</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_HD_1.5_Remix" title="Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 Remix">HD 1.5 Remix</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_HD_2.5_Remix" title="Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 Remix">HD 2.5 Remix</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_HD_2.8_Final_Chapter_Prologue" title="Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue">HD 2.8 Final Chapter Prologue</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kingdom_Hearts" title="Music of Kingdom Hearts">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Hikari_(Hikaru_Utada_song)" title="Hikari (Hikaru Utada song)">Hikari</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Passion_(Hikaru_Utada_song)" title="Passion (Hikaru Utada song)">Passion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Face_My_Fears" title="Face My Fears">Face My Fears</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chikai_(Hikaru_Utada_song)" title="Chikai (Hikaru Utada song)">Chikai</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Characters_of_Kingdom_Hearts" title="Characters of Kingdom Hearts">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sora_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Sora (Kingdom Hearts)">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riku_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Riku (Kingdom Hearts)">Riku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xehanort" title="Xehanort">Xehanort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxas_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Roxas (Kingdom Hearts)">Roxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(Kingdom_Hearts)" title="Aqua (Kingdom Hearts)">Aqua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daisuke_Watanabe" title="Daisuke Watanabe">Daisuke Watanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_Akiyama_(video_game_designer)" title="Jun Akiyama (video game designer)">Jun Akiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazushige_Nojima" title="Kazushige Nojima">Kazushige Nojima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Hashimoto" title="Shinji Hashimoto">Shinji Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Nomura" title="Tetsuya Nomura">Tetsuya Nomura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikaru_Utada" title="Hikaru Utada">Hikaru Utada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Shimomura" title="Yoko Shimomura">Yoko Shimomura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Kitase" title="Yoshinori Kitase">Yoshinori Kitase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universe_of_Kingdom_Hearts" title="Universe of Kingdom Hearts">Universe of Kingdom Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Ends_with_You" title="The World Ends with You">The World Ends with You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einh%C3%A4nder" title="Einhänder">Einhänder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Ultimate" title="Super Smash Bros. Ultimate">Super Smash Bros. Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kingdom_Hearts" title="Category:Kingdom Hearts">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gangan_Comics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="Template:Gangan Comics manga franchises"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="Template talk:Gangan Comics manga franchises"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gangan Comics manga franchises"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gangan_Comics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gangan_Comics" title="Gangan Comics">Gangan Comics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gangan_Comics_manga_franchises" title="List of Gangan Comics manga franchises">List of Gangan Comics manga franchises</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enix" title="Enix">Enix</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manga_Up!" title="Manga Up!">Manga Up!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Visual_Works" style="width:;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Visual_Works" title="Template:Visual Works"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Visual_Works" title="Template talk:Visual Works"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Visual_Works" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Visual Works"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Visual_Works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Visual_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Works">Visual Works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy_VII:_Advent_Children" title="Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children">Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsglaive:_Final_Fantasy_XV" title="Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV">Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video game franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex" title="Deus Ex">Deus Ex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Quest" title="Dragon Quest">Dragon Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drakengard" title="Drakengard">Drakengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Fantasy" title="Final Fantasy">Final Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunslinger_Stratos" title="Gunslinger Stratos">Gunslinger Stratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitman_(franchise)" title="Hitman (franchise)">Hitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_Eve_(video_game)" title="Parasite Eve (video game)">Parasite Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_Raider" title="Tomb Raider">Tomb Raider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standalone video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bouncer_(video_game)" title="The Bouncer (video game)">The Bouncer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrono_Cross" title="Chrono Cross">Chrono Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densha_de_Go!" title="Densha de Go!">Densha de Go!</a></li> <li>Namu Amida Butsu!</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thief_(2014_video_game)" title="Thief (2014 video game)">Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagrant_Story" title="Vagrant Story">Vagrant Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenogears" title="Xenogears">Xenogears</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaxala_Networks" title="Alaxala Networks">Alaxala Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinco" title="Alinco">Alinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOR_(company)" title="AOR (company)">AOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Technica" title="Audio-Technica">Audio-Technica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings" title="Bandai Namco Holdings">Bandai Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatEye" title="CatEye">CatEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%2BM_Group" title="D+M Group">D+M Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing" title="Dai Nippon Printing">DNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiki" title="Eiki">Eiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo" title="Eizo">Eizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elecom" title="Elecom">Elecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP_Guitars" title="ESP Guitars">ESP Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostex" title="Fostex">Fostex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation" title="Fujifilm Business Innovation">Business Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuno" title="Furuno">Furuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futaba_Corporation" title="Futaba Corporation">Futaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics" title="Hamamatsu Photonics">Hamamatsu Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group" title="Hirose Electric Group">Hirose Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoya_Corporation" title="Hoya Corporation">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiden" title="Ibiden">Ibiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icom_Incorporated" title="Icom Incorporated">Icom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric" title="Iwatsu Electric">Iwatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Display" title="Japan Display">Japan Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEOL" title="JEOL">JEOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company" title="Japan Radio Company">JRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control" title="Japan Remote Control">JR Propo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments" title="Kawai Musical Instruments">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyence" title="Keyence">Keyence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiramek" title="Kiramek">Kiramek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KO_PROPO" title="KO PROPO">KO PROPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxman" title="Luxman">Luxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamiya" title="Mamiya">Mamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Melco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan" title="Micron Memory Japan">Micron Memory Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi" title="MinebeaMitsumi">MinebeaMitsumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing" title="Murata Manufacturing">Murata Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv" title="Mutoh Europe nv">Mutoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi">Nakamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications" title="NEC Mobile Communications">Mobile Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichia" title="Nichia">Nichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichicon" title="Nichicon">Nichicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation" title="Nidec Copal Corporation">Nidec Copal Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo" title="Nihon Dempa Kogyo">Nihon Dempa Kogyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con" title="Nippon Chemi-Con">Nippon Chemi-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitto_Denko" title="Nitto Denko">Nitto Denko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKK_switches" title="NKK switches">NKK Switches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater" title="Integra Home Theater">Integra Home Theater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Electric" title="Orion Electric">Orion Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation" title="Riso Kagaku Corporation">Riso Kagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm" title="Rohm">Rohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation" title="Rubycon Corporation">Rubycon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic" title="Sanwa Electronic">Sanwa Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings" title="SCREEN Holdings">SCREEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings" title="Sega Sammy Holdings">Sega Sammy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko">Seiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimadzu" title="Shimadzu">Shimadzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Corporation" title="Sigma Corporation">Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Ltd" title="Stax Ltd">Stax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries" title="Sumitomo Electric Industries">Sumitomo Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden" title="Taiyo Yuden">Taiyo Yuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamron" title="Tamron">Tamron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAC_Corporation" title="TEAC Corporation">TEAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Corporation" title="Tiger Corporation">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOA_Corporation" title="TOA Corporation">TOA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topcon" title="Topcon">Topcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniden" title="Uniden">Uniden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushio,_Inc." title="Ushio, Inc.">Ushio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacom" title="Wacom">Wacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaesu_(brand)" title="Yaesu (brand)">Yaesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric" title="Yokogawa Electric">Yokogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zojirushi" title="Zojirushi">Zojirushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Corporation" title="Zoom Corporation">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">Zuken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronica" title="Bronica">Bronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contax" title="Contax">Contax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica" title="Konica">Konica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minolta" title="Minolta">Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norita" title="Norita">Norita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_Optical" title="Okaya Optical">Okaya Optical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan" title="Electronic Industries Association of Japan">Electronic Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan" title="Innovation Network Corporation of Japan">INCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association" title="Japan Electronic Industries Development Association">Japan Electronic Industries Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association" title="Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association">Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Category:Electronics industry in Japan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/19px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/29px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/38px-Symbol_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Tokyo" title="Portal:Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/19px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/29px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/WPVG_icon_2016.svg/38px-WPVG_icon_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="249" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Video_games" title="Portal:Video games">Video games</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207784#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143543429">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1218206144">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr2006012909">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01047606">Japan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/a0184425-0bcd-43ce-8752-42b3cfda2292">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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