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Managing Fiscal Risks | The Pew Charitable Trusts

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/-/media/post-launch-images/trust-magazine/spring-2024/web-images/housing/housing_thumbnail1x1.jpg?mw=924&amp;hash=CDA665C5726667691250DEDACA863F79 2x" media="(min-width: 29.4375em)" /> <source srcset="/-/media/post-launch-images/trust-magazine/spring-2024/web-images/housing/housing_thumbnail1x1.jpg?mw=462&amp;hash=59E976CE50579AE16AE73B68F080AE42 1x, /-/media/post-launch-images/trust-magazine/spring-2024/web-images/housing/housing_thumbnail1x1.jpg?mw=924&amp;hash=CDA665C5726667691250DEDACA863F79 2x" media="(max-width: 29.375em)" /> <img src="/-/media/post-launch-images/trust-magazine/spring-2024/web-images/housing/housing_thumbnail1x1.jpg?la=en&amp;h=676&amp;w=676&amp;hash=DC42EE033C0BA4499C06DE5B474FDC1A" alt="" /> </picture> <figcaption class="u-visuallyhidden">A record housing shortage and skyrocketing rents and home prices mean millions of Americans now struggle to afford housing.</figcaption> </figure> <div class="global-feature__overlay" style=""></div> </div> </div> </div> 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data-link-url="/en/projects/managing-fiscal-risks/natural-disaster-budgeting"> Natural Disaster Budgeting </li> <li class="local-navigation__menu-h3 js-local-nav-header-link " role="option" tabindex="-1" data-link-url="/en/projects/managing-fiscal-risks/other-emerging-risks"> Other Emerging Risks </li> <li class="local-navigation__menu-h3 js-local-nav-header-link " role="option" tabindex="-1" data-link-url="/en/projects/managing-fiscal-risks/state-management-of-federal-funds"> State Management of Federal Funds </li> </ul> </div> </div> <span class="page-toolbar__page-title u-hidden"> Managing Fiscal Risks </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section><section class="container container--70-30 " id=""> <div class="container__col container__col--70"> <div class="container__inner"> <style type="text/css"> #rte-eb58f423-2d58-4167-b3d1-4161ecfd07c7.rich-text > :not(.rich-text__embed) { max-width: 650px !important; } </style> <div id="rte-eb58f423-2d58-4167-b3d1-4161ecfd07c7" class="js-selection-sharer rich-text rich-text--Left u-allow-page-break" data-component-ds-path="/sitecore/content/PewTrusts_org/Home/Projects/Managing Fiscal Risks/Components/Rich Text/Body Text"> <h5>A growing list of long-term budgetary challenges is making it increasingly difficult for states to plan for the future and address uncertain financial pressures. </h5> <p>The Pew Charitable Trusts helps state policymakers prepare for new and emerging risks to fiscal stability and manage uncertainty by strengthening budgeting practices across several areas, including:</p> <ul> <li>Understanding and improving natural disaster budgeting practices.</li> <li>Identifying and planning for other emerging risks such as significant demographic, technological, and economic shifts.</li> <li>Improving state management of federal funds to account for uncertain and volatile funding.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="dynamic-content-listing__header-container" id=""> <span class="dynamic-content-listing__header-wrapper"> <h3 class="dynamic-content-listing__header">OUR WORK</h3> </span> <div class="js-dynamic-items-search-facets" data-search-id="search-63c4a746-55ab-4886-ad6a-1132dd3723ba"></div> </div> <div class="js-dynamic-items" data-search-id="search-63c4a746-55ab-4886-ad6a-1132dd3723ba"></div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> // If configuring from Razor, please use a JSON string var config = {searchId:"search-63c4a746-55ab-4886-ad6a-1132dd3723ba",pageId:"9bd7e9d9-de24-4089-8872-6027294f12ac",componentId:"3198410b-cf99-4a2f-ac9d-e866a84975f3",url:"/api/DynamicContent?pageGuid={9bd7e9d9-de24-4089-8872-6027294f12ac}&componentGuid={3198410b-cf99-4a2f-ac9d-e866a84975f3}",pagination:false,perPage:6,viewAllUrl:"",dictionary:{viewAllLabel:"View All",loadMoreLabel:"Load 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Disaster Budgeting</a> </div> <div class="featured-callout__link-wrapper"> <a href="/en/projects/managing-fiscal-risks/other-emerging-risks" class="" target="">Other Emerging Risks</a> </div> <div class="featured-callout__link-wrapper"> <a href="/en/projects/managing-fiscal-risks/state-management-of-federal-funds" class="" target="">State Management of Federal Funds</a> </div> </div> <div class="related-resources related-resources--experts"> <span class="related-resources__title"> <span class="related-resources__title-text"> Related Experts </span> </span> <div class="related-resources__people-wrapper" data-component="Related Experts"> <div class="related-resources__expert-wrapper"> <a class="related-resources__image xdbpe" href="/en/about/experts/sara-dube" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> <img src="/-/media/images/branding-and-banners/experts/pct_sara_dube/pct_sara_dube_1x1.jpg?la=en&amp;h=160&amp;w=160&amp;hash=5AA1F1AE6AD1F098915AFF6EDE0863BD" class="related-resources__photo" alt="Sara Dube" title="Sara Dube" /> </a> <div class="related-resources__content-wrapper"> <span class="related-resources__link related-resources__link--experts"> <a href="/en/about/experts/sara-dube" class="xdbpe" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> Sara Dube </a> </span> <span class="related-resources__link related-resources__link--experts"> Director <br />Fiscal and Economic Policy </span> <div class="related-resources__expert-contact-wrapper"> <a class="js-obfuscate-email xdbpe" data-obfuscate-email="fqhor@crjgehfgf.bet" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> <svg class="related-resources__media-icon" viewBox="0 0 14 10" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(-2 -4)" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"><rect x="3" y="4.5" width="12" height="9" rx="1" /><path d="M9 9.75l3.75-3M5.25 6.75l3.75 3" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" /></g></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-resources__expert-wrapper"> <a class="related-resources__image xdbpe" href="/en/about/experts/colin-foard" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> <img src="/-/media/images/branding-and-banners/experts/0f8a5449colinfoardjpgmaster/1x1_s.jpg?la=en&amp;h=160&amp;w=160&amp;hash=1B57D4EE0F64B1C854940EEB6E6EA7A3" class="related-resources__photo" alt="Colin Foard" title="Colin Foard" /> </a> <div class="related-resources__content-wrapper"> <span class="related-resources__link related-resources__link--experts"> <a href="/en/about/experts/colin-foard" class="xdbpe" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> Colin Foard </a> </span> <span class="related-resources__link related-resources__link--experts"> Project Director <br />Managing Fiscal Risks </span> <div class="related-resources__expert-contact-wrapper"> <a class="js-obfuscate-email xdbpe" data-obfuscate-email="psbneq@crjgehfgf.bet" data-xdbpe="6BD6D129-6973-4DA2-8007-63F530F1E320"> <svg 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