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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_and_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_and_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Habitat and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Status and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mountain beaver</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قندس الجبل الأحمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قندس الجبل الأحمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7" title="اپلودونتیا روفا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اپلودونتیا روفا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Планински бобър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Планински бобър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avank-menez" title="Avank-menez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avank-menez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_de_muntanya" title="Castor de muntanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castor de muntanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobru%C5%A1ka" title="Bobruška – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bobruška" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6veregern" title="Bæveregern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bæveregern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stummelschwanzh%C3%B6rnchen" title="Stummelschwanzhörnchen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stummelschwanzhörnchen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9tah_chaa%CA%BC" title="Tsétah chaaʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsétah chaaʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87%DB%8C" title="بیدستر کوهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیدستر کوهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stompsturtiikhoarntsje" title="Stompsturtiikhoarntsje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stompsturtiikhoarntsje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%B9%84%EB%B2%84" title="산비버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산비버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biwara_gunung" title="Biwara gunung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biwara gunung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99" title="בונה הררי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בונה הררי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatol_(Aplodontia_rufa)" title="Gatol (Aplodontia rufa) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Gatol (Aplodontia rufa)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аплодонтия сымалдуулар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аплодонтия сымалдуулар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnu_bebrs" title="Kalnu bebrs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnu bebrs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontas" title="Aplodontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aplodontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castor_de_montania" title="Castor de montania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Castor de montania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3dm%C3%B3kus" title="Hódmókus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hódmókus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قندس الجبل الاحمر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قندس الجبل الاحمر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_Gunung" title="Beaver Gunung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Beaver Gunung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stompstaarteekhoorn" title="Stompstaarteekhoorn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stompstaarteekhoorn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="ヤマビーバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤマビーバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverekorn" title="Beverekorn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Beverekorn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia" title="Aplodontia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aplodontia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewel_g%C3%B3rski" title="Sewel górski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sewel górski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аплодонтия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аплодонтия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Планински дабар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Планински дабар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuorimajava" title="Vuorimajava – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuorimajava" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekorrb%C3%A4ver" title="Ekorrbäver – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ekorrbäver" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аплодонтія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аплодонтія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_ly_n%C3%BAi" title="Hải ly núi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hải ly núi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" title="Aplodontia rufa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Aplodontia rufa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B2%B3%E7%8B%B8" title="山河狸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="山河狸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q503813#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_beaver" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of the genus Aplodontia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mountain+beaver%22">"Mountain beaver"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mountain+beaver%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mountain+beaver%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mountain+beaver%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mountain+beaver%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mountain+beaver%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Mountain beaver<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Late Pleistocene–Recent</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.95633846154px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aplodontia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Aplodontia.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="133" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Aplodontia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aplodontiidae" title="Aplodontiidae">Aplodontiidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Aplodontia</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">Richardson</a>, 1829</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>A. rufa</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Aplodontia rufa</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1817)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png/220px-Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png/330px-Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png/440px-Aplodontia_rufa_distribution_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>mountain beaver</b> (<i><b>Aplodontia rufa</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a North American <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodent</a>. It is the only living member of its <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, <i><b>Aplodontia</b></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>, <b>Aplodontiidae</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It should not be confused with true <a href="/wiki/North_American_beaver" title="North American beaver">North American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_beaver" title="Eurasian beaver">Eurasian beavers</a>, to which it is not closely related;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the mountain beaver is instead more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, although its less-efficient renal system was thought to indicate greater relative antiquity for the species.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are seven subspecies of mountain beavers, six of which are found in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and three of which are <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to the state.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling_and_etymology">Spelling and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Spelling and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immature_mountain_beaver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Immature_mountain_beaver.jpg/220px-Immature_mountain_beaver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Immature_mountain_beaver.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Immature mountain beaver</figcaption></figure> <p>Most references use the spelling Aplodontidae for the family name. This has been deemed incorrect due to the technical rules of converting a genus name into a family name. The proper conversion of <i>Aplodontia</i> to a family name is to drop the -a only and add -idae. Thus, Aplodontiidae is technically correct. This spelling is gaining acceptance in modern texts and is the standard spelling currently recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a>. </p><p>Alternate spellings of the genus name have also been reported, with as many as 30 variants historically. These include <i><b>Haplodontia</b></i>, <i><b>Haplodon</b></i>, <i><b>Aploodontia</b></i>, <i><b>Apluodontia</b></i>, and <i><b>Aplodontie</b></i>, among others. The name <i>Aplodontia</i> ("simple tooth") is in reference to the single large basin comprising the bulk of each <a href="/wiki/Cheek_tooth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheek tooth">cheek tooth</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific epithet</a>, <i>rufa,</i> means red or reddish. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_phylogeny">Taxonomy and phylogeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aplodontia_rufa_(Harvard_University).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG/220px-Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG/330px-Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG/440px-Aplodontia_rufa_%28Harvard_University%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Aplodontia rufa</i> specimen at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mountain beaver is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Living_fossil" title="Living fossil">living fossil</a>, due to the presence of a host of <a href="/wiki/Plesiomorphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Plesiomorphy">primitive</a> characteristics, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Zygomasseteric_system" title="Zygomasseteric system">protrogomorphous zygomasseteric system</a>. This condition is similar to what is found in most mammal groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, where no extreme specialization of the <a href="/wiki/Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">masseter muscle</a> has evolved.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the protrogomorphous condition, the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the <a href="/wiki/Infraorbital_foramen" title="Infraorbital foramen">infraorbital foramen</a> as it does in <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pigs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mice</a>. Likewise, the lateral masseter muscle attaches to the base of the <a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_arch" title="Zygomatic arch">zygomatic arch</a> and does not extend to the region in front of the eye as is seen in <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a> and mice.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mountain beaver is the only living rodent with this primitive cranial and muscular feature (except perhaps the <a href="/wiki/Blesmol" title="Blesmol">blesmols</a>, which clearly evolved protrogomorphy from a <a href="/wiki/Hystricomorphous" class="mw-redirect" title="Hystricomorphous">hystricomorphous</a> ancestor). The mountain beaver was once thought to be related to the earliest protrogomorphous rodents, such as the ischyromyids (<i><a href="/wiki/Paramys" title="Paramys">Paramys</a></i>). Both <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular phylogeny">molecular</a> and morphological <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" title="Phylogenetics">phylogeneticists</a> have recently suggested a more distant relationship to these animals. </p><p>Molecular studies have consistently produced a sister relationship between the mountain beaver and the <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a> (family Sciuridae). This <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Sciuroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuroidea">Sciuroidea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sciuromorpha" title="Sciuromorpha">Sciuromorpha</a> (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Sciuromorphous" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuromorphous">sciuromorphous</a> zygomasseteric system), or <a href="/wiki/Sciurida" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciurida">Sciurida</a>, depending on the author.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the fossil record, the Aplodontiidae split from the squirrels in the Middle or Late <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> as indicated by the extinct genera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spurimus (page does not exist)">Spurimus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Prosciurus" title="Prosciurus">Prosciurus</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The fossil record for the genus <i>Aplodontia</i> extends only to the Late <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> of North America. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At present, seven <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of <i>Aplodontia rufa</i> are recognized: </p> <ul><li><i>A. r. californica</i> <small>(Peters, 1864)</small>: distributed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a> and extreme western <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><i>A. r. humboldtiana</i> <small>Taylor, 1916</small>: restricted to the far northwestern coast of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><i>A. r. nigra</i> <small>Taylor, 1914</small>: restricted to a small region in southern <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino County, California</a></li> <li><i>A. r. pacifica</i> <small>Merriam, 1899</small>: distributed across coastal <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><i>A. r. phaea</i> <small>Merriam, 1899</small>: found mostly in <a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes" title="Point Reyes">Point Reyes</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><i>A. r. rainieri</i> <small>Merriam, 1899</small>: found across the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a> from southern <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to southern Washington</li> <li><i>A. r. rufa</i> <small>(Rafinesque, 1817)</small>: found along coastal <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, all the way down through Oregon to Northern California</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg/220px-Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg/330px-Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg/440px-Aplodontia_rufa_nigra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6224" data-file-height="3501" /></a><figcaption>Skull of a mountain beaver</figcaption></figure> <p>Mountain beavers are usually dark gray or brown, but their fur can range from slightly more reddish (rufa) to more blackish depending on subspecies, with a light patch under each ear. The animals have distinctively short tails. Adults weigh about 500–900 g (18–32 oz), with a few specimens topping 1,000 g (35 oz). Total length is about 30–50 cm (12–20 in), with a tail length of 1–4 cm (0.39–1.57 in). Their superficial similarity with true beavers reflects only their relatively large size (for rodents), strong odor, preference for living in extremely watery / moist habitats, and propensity to gnaw bark and cut branches. Mountain beavers do not fell trees, build dams, live in lodges, or communicate by slapping their tails (their tail is minute). They are predominantly nocturnal and crepuscular in above ground activities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are known to climb trees a few meters to acquire food in the form of branches and leaves, but otherwise their diet consists mostly of ferns, especially species that are toxic to other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-carraway_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carraway-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> is <a href="/wiki/Protrogomorphous" class="mw-redirect" title="Protrogomorphous">protrogomorphous</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has no specialized attachments for the <a href="/wiki/Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">masseter muscles</a> as seen in other rodents. It is flattened and lacks a <a href="/wiki/Postorbital_process" title="Postorbital process">postorbital process</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Baculum" title="Baculum">baculum</a> is thin and distinctly forked.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a> is about 4.5 cm (1.8 in) in length. The male does not have a true <a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">scrotum</a>, but the <a href="/wiki/Testes" class="mw-redirect" title="Testes">testes</a> move into a position called semiscrotal during the <a href="/wiki/Breeding_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Breeding season">breeding season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountain beavers have an unusual projection on each <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Premolar" title="Premolar">premolar</a> tooth, which is unique among mammals and allows for easy identification of teeth. This projection points toward the cheek on the upper tooth row, but points toward the tongue on the <a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">lower</a>. The cheek teeth lack the complex folds of other rodents and instead consist of single basins. They are <a href="/wiki/Hypsodont" title="Hypsodont">hypsodont</a> and ever-growing. Two upper and one lower premolars are present, along with all the molars, giving a <a href="/wiki/Dentition" title="Dentition">dental formula</a> of <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;" title="upper dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">1.0.2.3</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;" title="lower dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">1.0.1.3</span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Carraway_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carraway-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountain beavers cannot produce <a href="/wiki/Tonicity#Hypertonic_solution" title="Tonicity">concentrated</a> urine. They are thought to be physiologically restricted to the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate rain forest">temperate rain forest</a> regions of the North American Pacific coast and moist microenvironments inland due to their inability to obtain sufficient water in more arid environments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that Aplodontia prefer vegetation high in water content due to their poor ability to concentrate urine which makes it necessary to consume large amounts of water daily.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_and_distribution">Habitat and distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Habitat and distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mountain beavers are found in the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascade Mountains">Cascade Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and southward including the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a> in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_Macdonald_2001_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals_Macdonald_2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Mountains" title="Olympic Mountains">Olympic Mountains</a> and Coast Ranges of Washington and Oregon,<sup id="cite_ref-mathews_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathews-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus the <a href="/wiki/Klamath_Mountains" title="Klamath Mountains">Klamath Mountains</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Point_Arena,_California" title="Point Arena, California">Point Arena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Reyes" title="Point Reyes">Pt. Reyes</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and extreme western <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_Macdonald_2001_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals_Macdonald_2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They range from sea level to the <a href="/wiki/Tree_line" title="Tree line">tree line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mammals_Macdonald_2001_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammals_Macdonald_2001-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can be found in both <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous forest">deciduous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coniferous_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Coniferous forest">coniferous</a> forests, but throughout most of the range they appear to prefer the former. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mountain beavers are capable of climbing trees,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but rarely travel far from burrows. Their <a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">thumbs</a> are slightly <a href="/wiki/Opposable_thumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposable thumb">opposable</a> and the animals will sit on their hindquarters and manipulate food with their forelimbs and incisors. Mountain beavers are asocial and generally do not live in shared burrows. Burrows usually consist of a network of tunnels built in deep soil. The entrances to these burrows often contain clumps of wilted vegetation which the animal likely uses as a kind of food cache as well as a source of nesting material. Mountain beavers seldom travel more than a few meters from their burrow entrances, taking advantage of the protection such burrows offer from predators such as cougars and owls (though skunks and weasels that also occupy mountain beaver burrows and tunnels may take nestlings as food).<sup id="cite_ref-carraway_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carraway-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They appear to build <a href="/wiki/Hay" title="Hay">hay</a> mounds at some burrow entrances, but whether this behavior is related to water regulation, curing food, or gathering nest materials is debated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Mountain beavers are partially nocturnal, spending more time active at night than the day but still active during both periods. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They actively feed in periods of up to 2 hours and 45 minutes throughout the day with 6 or 7 periods of feeding per day. In total they forage for up to 9 hours per day. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These animals are physiologically limited to moist microenvironments, with most subspecies occurring only in regions with minimal snowfall and cool winters. They do not appear to be able to conserve body heat or warmth as efficiently as other rodents,<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor do they <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernate</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diet">Diet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_beaver_burrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mountain_beaver_burrow.jpg/220px-Mountain_beaver_burrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Mountain_beaver_burrow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="190" /></a><figcaption>Mountain beaver burrow</figcaption></figure> <p>They exhibit <a href="/wiki/Coprophagy" class="mw-redirect" title="Coprophagy">coprophagy</a> and eat soft fecal pellets to obtain maximum nutrients; hard <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">fecal</a> pellets are transferred to fecal chambers located within the burrow system.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Food includes fleshy herbs and young shoots of more woody plants. <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a> probably make up the bulk of their diets. They appear to be strictly <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their consumption of seedling trees has led some to consider them as pests. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Known predators include <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasels</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_cougar" title="North American cougar">cougars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the parasites of the mountain beaver is the largest <a href="/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">flea</a> known, <i><a href="/wiki/Hystrichopsylla_schefferi" title="Hystrichopsylla schefferi">Hystrichopsylla schefferi</a></i>. Females of this flea can be 8 mm (0.31 in) long.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountain beavers are considered pests in areas of the Pacific Northwest because of the extensive damage they cause to forest trees due to basal-grinding (removal of bark), branch cutting, or clipping small sapling and seedlings.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This damage often poses a problem for forest management and reforestation when smaller seedlings are buried or uprooted during mountain beaver feeding and can result in tree deformities, growth suppression, and mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> has maintained a program to exterminate the mountain beaver due to beavers causing economic damage to commercial reforestation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damage control measures taken to protect forest trees by controlling the mountain beaver population include trapping, placing toxic baits, and placing physical barriers (e.g., plastic mesh tubes) around the base of an individual tree.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breeding">Breeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The breeding season is between January and March, with two or three young born February to April. The ovulation period lasts a few weeks and gestation lasts for a month.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young are born hairless, pink, and blind. They are weaned at 6 to 8 weeks and leave the burrow soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">Lifespans</a> are 5 to 10 years – fairly long for rodents. They are not social, though home ranges can overlap.<sup id="cite_ref-EoM_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoM-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While mountain beavers are generally solitary creatures, they may form groups due to suitable habitat and food resources being in a small area; population densities vary widely because of this.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_and_conservation">Status and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Status and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> lists the mountain beaver as a species of <a href="/wiki/Least_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least concern">least concern</a>. However, one subspecies, the Point Arena mountain beaver (<i>A. r. nigra</i>) of California, is considered <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fws_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fws-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Critically Imperiled</i> by <a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally listed in 1991, the Point Arena mountain beaver is distinguished by its black colouration and by characteristic body proportions, including a smaller overall size.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The principal threat to this subspecies is habitat loss and fragmentation; its remaining range comprises a disjunct region of 24 square miles (62 km<sup>2</sup>) in western <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendocino County">Mendocino County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fws_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fws-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other names include boomer, mountain boomer, ground bear, giant mole, gehalis, sewellel, suwellel, showhurll, showtl, and showte, as well as a number of other Native American terms. "Mountain beaver" is a misnomer as the animal is not a true beaver (<i>Castor</i>) and it is not restricted to mountains. "Boomer" refers to the loud vocalizations that these usually-solitary animals make when in social situations, but this has not been recorded nor verified. Lewis and Clark originally called the animal "sewellel", a misunderstanding of the Chinook word "she-wal-lal", the name for garments made from the skin of the creature. See Borrecco and Anderson, 1980.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFellers,_G.M.Lidicker_Jr.,_W.Z.Linzey,_A.NatureServe2017" class="citation journal cs1">Fellers, G.M.; Lidicker Jr., W.Z.; Linzey, A.; NatureServe (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/1869/115057269">"<i>Aplodontia rufa</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2016</b>: e.T1869A115057269. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T1869A22183865.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T1869A22183865.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Aplodontia+rufa&rft.volume=2016&rft.pages=e.T1869A115057269&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T1869A22183865.en&rft.au=Fellers%2C+G.M.&rft.au=Lidicker+Jr.%2C+W.Z.&rft.au=Linzey%2C+A.&rft.au=NatureServe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F1869%2F115057269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgen2005" class="citation book cs1">Helgen, K.M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12300004">"Family Aplodontiidae"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D.E.</a>; Reeder, D.M (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA753"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.karger.com/Article/PDF/284931">Functional anatomy of incisal biting in Aplodontia rufa and sciuromorph rodents–Part 1: masticatory muscles, skull shape and digging</a>." Cells Tissues Organs 191.6 (2010): 510-522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrawayVerts1993" class="citation journal cs1">Carraway, Leslie N.; Verts, B. J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icwdm.org/handbook/rodents/MountainBeaver.asp">the original</a> on 2018-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Dept+of+Forestry+info+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficwdm.org%2Fhandbook%2Frodents%2FMountainBeaver.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wdfw.wa.gov/living/mtn_beavers.html">"Living with Wildlife: Mountain Beavers"</a>. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Living+with+Wildlife%3A+Mountain+Beavers&rft.pub=Washington+Department+of+Fish+and+Wildlife&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdfw.wa.gov%2Fliving%2Fmtn_beavers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHygnstrom2010" class="citation book cs1">Hygnstrom, Scott (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gt-Yk3CRuXMC"><i>Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage</i></a>. Diane Pub Co. pp. B-59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1437936889" title="Special:BookSources/978-1437936889"><bdi>978-1437936889</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prevention+and+Control+of+Wildlife+Damage&rft.pages=B-59&rft.pub=Diane+Pub+Co&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1437936889&rft.aulast=Hygnstrom&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgt-Yk3CRuXMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2013" class="citation news cs1">Taylor, Jimmy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/sites/catalog/files/project/pdf/em9063.pdf">"Identifying and Managing Mountain Beaver Damage to Forest Resources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oregon State University | Extension Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oregon+State+University+%7C+Extension+Service&rft.atitle=Identifying+and+Managing+Mountain+Beaver+Damage+to+Forest+Resources&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jimmy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.extension.oregonstate.edu%2Fsites%2Fcatalog%2Ffiles%2Fproject%2Fpdf%2Fem9063.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldhamerBruce_ThompsonJoseph_Chapman2003" class="citation book cs1">Feldhamer, George; Bruce Thompson; Joseph Chapman (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-xQalfqP7BcC"><i>Wild Mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation</i></a>. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 179–187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801874161" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801874161"><bdi>978-0801874161</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wild+Mammals+of+North+America%3A+biology%2C+management%2C+and+conservation&rft.pages=179-187&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0801874161&rft.aulast=Feldhamer&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Bruce+Thompson&rft.au=Joseph+Chapman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-xQalfqP7BcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fws-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fws_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fws_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/mammals/mtnbeaver/mtnbeaver.html">"Point Arena Mountain Beaver Species Profile"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Point+Arena+Mountain+Beaver+Species+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Farcata%2Fes%2Fmammals%2Fmtnbeaver%2Fmtnbeaver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104721/Aplodontia_rufa_nigra">"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"</a>. <i>explorer.natureserve.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=explorer.natureserve.org&rft.atitle=NatureServe+Explorer+2.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplorer.natureserve.org%2FTaxon%2FELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104721%2FAplodontia_rufa_nigra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/mammals/mtnbeaver/documents/5yearReview.pdf">"Point Arena Mountain Beaver (<i>Aplodontia rufa nigra</i>) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Point+Arena+Mountain+Beaver+%28Aplodontia+rufa+nigra%29+5-Year+Review%3A+Summary+and+Evaluation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fws.gov%2Farcata%2Fes%2Fmammals%2Fmtnbeaver%2Fdocuments%2F5yearReview.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Adkins, R. M. E. L. Gelke, D. Rowe, and R. L. Honeycutt. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Molecular_phylogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular phylogeny">Molecular phylogeny</a> and divergence time estimates for major rodent groups: Evidence from multiple <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>.<i> Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, 18:777–791.</li> <li>McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. <i>Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level</i>. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-11013-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-11013-8">0-231-11013-8</a></li> <li>Nowak, R. M. 1999. <i>Walker's <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammals</a> of the World</i>, Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, London.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldhammerLee_DrickamerStephen_VesseyJoseph_Merritt2007" class="citation book cs1">Feldhammer, George A.; Lee Drickamer; Stephen Vessey; Joseph Merritt; Carey Krajewski (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalogyadaptat03edunse"><i>Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8695-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8695-9"><bdi>978-0-8018-8695-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammalogy%3A+Adaptation%2C+Diversity%2C+Ecology&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8695-9&rft.aulast=Feldhammer&rft.aufirst=George+A.&rft.au=Lee+Drickamer&rft.au=Stephen+Vessey&rft.au=Joseph+Merritt&rft.au=Carey+Krajewski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalogyadaptat03edunse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMountain+beaver" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mountain_beaver&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aplodontia_rufa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aplodontia rufa">Aplodontia rufa</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rodents" title="Template:Rodents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rodents" title="Template talk:Rodents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rodents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rodents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_families_in_order_Rodentia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant families in order <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciuromorpha" title="Sciuromorpha">Sciuromorpha</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">("Squirrel-like")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aplodontiidae <small>(Mountain beaver)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormouse" title="Dormouse">Gliridae <small>(Dormice)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">Sciuridae <small>(Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Castorimorpha" title="Castorimorpha">Castorimorpha</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">("Beaver-like")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Castoridae" title="Castoridae">Castoroidea</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Castoridae" title="Castoridae">Castoridae <small>(Beavers)</small></a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Geomyoidea" title="Geomyoidea">Geomyoidea</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gopher" title="Gopher">Geomyidae <small>(Pocket gophers)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heteromyidae" title="Heteromyidae">Heteromyidae <small>(Kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice)</small></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myomorpha" title="Myomorpha">Myomorpha</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">("Mouse-like")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dipodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipodidae">Dipodoidea</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dipodidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dipodidae">Dipodidae <small>(Jerboas, jumping mice and birch mice)</small></a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Muroidea" title="Muroidea">Muroidea</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Platacanthomyidae" title="Platacanthomyidae">Platacanthomyidae <small>(Oriental dormice)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spalacidae" title="Spalacidae">Spalacidae <small>(Zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats, blind mole rats)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mouse-like_hamster" title="Mouse-like hamster">Calomyscidae <small>(Mouse-like hamsters)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nesomyidae" title="Nesomyidae">Nesomyidae <small>(Malagasy rats and relatives)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cricetidae" title="Cricetidae">Cricetidae <small>(Hamsters and relatives)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Muridae" title="Muridae">Muridae <small>(House mouse and relatives)</small></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anomaluromorpha" title="Anomaluromorpha">Anomaluromorpha</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">("Anomalure-like")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalure" title="Anomalure">Anomaluridae <small>(Anomalures)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedetidae" title="Pedetidae">Pedetidae <small>(Springhares)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hystricomorpha" title="Hystricomorpha">Hystricomorpha</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">("Porcupine-like")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gundi" title="Gundi">Ctenodactylidae <small>(Gundis)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomyidae" title="Diatomyidae">Diatomyidae <small>(Laotian rock rat)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World_porcupine" title="Old World porcupine">Hystricidae <small>(Old World porcupines)</small></a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Phiomorpha" title="Phiomorpha">Phiomorpha</a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blesmol" title="Blesmol">Bathyergidae <small>(Blesmols)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dassie_rat" title="Dassie rat">Petromuridae <small>(Dassie rat)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cane_rat" title="Cane rat">Thryonomyidae <small>(Cane rats)</small></a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Caviomorpha" title="Caviomorpha">Caviomorpha <small>(New World hystricognaths)</small></a></dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/New_World_porcupine" title="New World porcupine">Erethizontidae <small>(New World porcupines)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caviidae" title="Caviidae">Caviidae <small>(Cavies)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paca" title="Paca">Cuniculidae <small>(Pacas)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dasyproctidae" title="Dasyproctidae">Dasyproctidae <small>(Agoutis and acouchis)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dinomyidae" title="Dinomyidae">Dinomyidae <small>(Pacarana)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tuco-tuco" title="Tuco-tuco">Ctenomyidae <small>(Tuco-tucos)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Echimyidae" title="Echimyidae">Echimyidae <small>(Spiny rats, coypus, hutias)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Octodontidae" title="Octodontidae">Octodontidae <small>(Degus and relatives)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinchilla_rat" title="Chinchilla rat">Abrocomidae <small>(Chinchilla rats)</small></a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinchillidae" title="Chinchillidae">Chinchillidae <small>(Chinchillas and viscachas)</small></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sciuromorpha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sciuromorpha" title="Template:Sciuromorpha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sciuromorpha" title="Template talk:Sciuromorpha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sciuromorpha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sciuromorpha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sciuromorpha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sciuromorpha" title="Sciuromorpha">Sciuromorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Rodentia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodentia">Rodentia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allomyidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allomyidae (page does not exist)">Allomyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allomys (page does not exist)">Allomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alwoodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alwoodia (page does not exist)">Alwoodia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campestrallomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campestrallomys (page does not exist)">Campestrallomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Downsimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Downsimus (page does not exist)">Downsimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplomys (page does not exist)">Haplomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oropyctis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oropyctis (page does not exist)">Oropyctis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallomys (page does not exist)">Parallomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelycomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelycomys (page does not exist)">Pelycomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesispermophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesispermophilus (page does not exist)">Plesispermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudiomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudiomys (page does not exist)">Rudiomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurimus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spurimus (page does not exist)">Spurimus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aplodontiidae" title="Aplodontiidae">Aplodontiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Altasciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altasciurus (page does not exist)">Altasciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ameniscomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ameniscomys (page does not exist)">Ameniscomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ansomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansomys (page does not exist)">Ansomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aplodontia" class="mw-redirect" title="Aplodontia">Aplodontia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakotallomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dakotallomys (page does not exist)">Dakotallomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disallomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disallomys (page does not exist)">Disallomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ephemeromys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ephemeromys (page does not exist)">Ephemeromys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplomys (page does not exist)">Haplomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoromys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoromys (page does not exist)">Leptoromys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liodontia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liodontia (page does not exist)">Liodontia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meniscomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meniscomys (page does not exist)">Meniscomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Niglarodon" title="Niglarodon">Niglarodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ninamys" title="Ninamys">Ninamys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Oligopetes" title="Oligopetes">Oligopetes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paracitellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paracitellus (page does not exist)">Paracitellus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paransomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paransomys (page does not exist)">Paransomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proansomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proansomys (page does not exist)">Proansomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Prosciurus" title="Prosciurus">Prosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudaplodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudaplodon (page does not exist)">Pseudaplodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sciurodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciurodon (page does not exist)">Sciurodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selenomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selenomys (page does not exist)">Selenomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sewelleladon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sewelleladon (page does not exist)">Sewelleladon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tardontia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tardontia (page does not exist)">Tardontia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trigonomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trigonomys (page does not exist)">Trigonomys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gliridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliridae">Gliridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bransatoglirinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bransatoglirinae (page does not exist)">Bransatoglirinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bransatoglis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bransatoglis (page does not exist)">Bransatoglis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligodyromys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligodyromys (page does not exist)">Oligodyromys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glirinae" title="Glirinae">Glirinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Glirulus" title="Glirulus">Glirulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Edible_dormouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Edible dormouse">Glis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Graphiurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphiurinae">Graphiurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Graphiurus" title="Graphiurus">Graphiurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leithiinae" title="Leithiinae">Leithiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaetocauda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaetocauda">Chaetocauda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryomys" title="Dryomys">Dryomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eliomys" title="Eliomys">Eliomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hypnomys" title="Hypnomys">Hypnomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Leithia" title="Leithia">Leithia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muscardinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscardinus">Muscardinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myomimus" title="Myomimus">Myomimus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selevinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Selevinia">Selevinia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Mylagaulidae" title="Mylagaulidae">Mylagaulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galbreathia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galbreathia (page does not exist)">Galbreathia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesogaulinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesogaulinae (page does not exist)">Mesogaulinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesogaulus (page does not exist)">Mesogaulus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Mylagaulinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylagaulinae">Mylagaulinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphagaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphagaulus (page does not exist)">Alphagaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratogaulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratogaulus">Ceratogaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperogaulus (page does not exist)">Hesperogaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mylagaulus" title="Mylagaulus">Mylagaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notogaulus (page does not exist)">Notogaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pterogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pterogaulus (page does not exist)">Pterogaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbogaulus (page does not exist)">Umbogaulus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Promylagaulinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Promylagaulinae">Promylagaulinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crucimys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crucimys (page does not exist)">Crucimys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promylagaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promylagaulus (page does not exist)">Promylagaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simpligaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simpligaulus (page does not exist)">Simpligaulus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trilaccogaulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trilaccogaulus (page does not exist)">Trilaccogaulus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reithroparamyidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reithroparamyidae (page does not exist)">Reithroparamyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reithroparamys" class="mw-redirect" title="Reithroparamys">Reithroparamys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uriscus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uriscus (page does not exist)">Uriscus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciuridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciuridae">Sciuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperopetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperopetes (page does not exist)">Hesperopetes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kherem_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kherem (genus) (page does not exist)">Kherem</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lagrivea" title="Lagrivea">Lagrivea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligosciurus (page does not exist)">Oligosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiosciurus (page does not exist)">Plesiosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prospermophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prospermophilus (page does not exist)">Prospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sciurion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciurion (page does not exist)">Sciurion</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Similisciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Similisciurus (page does not exist)">Similisciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinotamias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinotamias (page does not exist)">Sinotamias</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcanisciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulcanisciurus (page does not exist)">Vulcanisciurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callosciurinae" title="Callosciurinae">Callosciurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callosciurini" title="Callosciurini">Callosciurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Callosciurus" title="Callosciurus">Callosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dremomys" class="mw-redirect" title="Dremomys">Dremomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exilisciurus" title="Exilisciurus">Exilisciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glyphotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Glyphotes">Glyphotes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyosciurus" title="Hyosciurus">Hyosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lariscus" title="Lariscus">Lariscus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Menetes">Menetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nannosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nannosciurus">Nannosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosciurillus" title="Prosciurillus">Prosciurillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinosciurus">Rhinosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubrisciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubrisciurus">Rubrisciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sundasciurus" title="Sundasciurus">Sundasciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamiops" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamiops">Tamiops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Funambulini" class="mw-redirect" title="Funambulini">Funambulini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Funambulus" title="Funambulus">Funambulus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cedromurinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cedromurinae (page does not exist)">Cedromurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cedromus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cedromus (page does not exist)">Cedromus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligospermophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligospermophilus (page does not exist)">Oligospermophilus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ratufinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratufinae">Ratufinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ratufa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratufa">Ratufa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciurillinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciurillinae">Sciurillinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciurillus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciurillus">Sciurillus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciurinae" title="Sciurinae">Sciurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pteromyini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteromyini">Pteromyini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeretes" title="Aeretes">Aeretes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeromys" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeromys">Aeromys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belomys" title="Belomys">Belomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biswamoyopterus" title="Biswamoyopterus">Biswamoyopterus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eoglaucomys" class="mw-redirect" title="Eoglaucomys">Eoglaucomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eupetaurus" title="Eupetaurus">Eupetaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Glaucomys" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucomys">Glaucomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylopetes" title="Hylopetes">Hylopetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iomys" title="Iomys">Iomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miopetaurista" title="Miopetaurista">Miopetaurista</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neopetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neopetes (page does not exist)">Neopetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petaurillus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petaurillus">Petaurillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petaurista" title="Petaurista">Petaurista</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petinomys" title="Petinomys">Petinomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliopetaurista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliopetaurista (page does not exist)">Pliopetaurista</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Priapomys" class="mw-redirect" title="Priapomys">Priapomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pteromys" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteromys">Pteromys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pteromyscus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteromyscus">Pteromyscus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trogopterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Trogopterus">Trogopterus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sciurini" title="Sciurini">Sciurini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglassciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglassciurus (page does not exist)">Douglassciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Freudenthalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freudenthalia (page does not exist)">Freudenthalia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guerlinguetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerlinguetus">Guerlinguetus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsciurus" title="Microsciurus">Microsciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miosciurus (page does not exist)">Miosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiosciurus (page does not exist)">Plesiosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protosciurus (page does not exist)">Protosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rheithrosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheithrosciurus">Rheithrosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciurus" title="Sciurus">Sciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syntheosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Syntheosciurus">Syntheosciurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xerinae" title="Xerinae">Xerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmotini" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmotini">Marmotini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammospermophilus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammospermophilus">Ammospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arctomyoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arctomyoides (page does not exist)">Arctomyoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callospermophilus" title="Callospermophilus">Callospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynomys" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomys">Cynomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eutamias" title="Eutamias">Eutamias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictidomys" title="Ictidomys">Ictidomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marmota" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmota">Marmota</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miospermophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miospermophilus (page does not exist)">Miospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neotamias" title="Neotamias">Neotamias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notocitellus" title="Notocitellus">Notocitellus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nototamias" title="Nototamias">Nototamias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otospermophilus" title="Otospermophilus">Otospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paenamarmota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paenamarmota (page does not exist)">Paenamarmota</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaearctomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaearctomys (page does not exist)">Palaearctomys</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeosciurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeosciurus (page does not exist)">Palaeosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poliocitellus" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliocitellus">Poliocitellus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protospermophilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protospermophilus (page does not exist)">Protospermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sciurotamias" title="Sciurotamias">Sciurotamias</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spermophilinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spermophilinus (page does not exist)">Spermophilinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spermophilus" title="Spermophilus">Spermophilus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamias" title="Tamias">Tamias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urocitellus" title="Urocitellus">Urocitellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xerospermophilus" title="Xerospermophilus">Xerospermophilus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protoxerini" title="Protoxerini">Protoxerini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epixerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Epixerus">Epixerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Funisciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Funisciurus">Funisciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heliosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosciurus">Heliosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myosciurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Myosciurus">Myosciurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paraxerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraxerus">Paraxerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protoxerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Protoxerus">Protoxerus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xerini" title="Xerini">Xerini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragoxerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragoxerus (page does not exist)">Aragoxerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantoxerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantoxerus">Atlantoxerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euxerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxerus">Euxerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geosciurus" title="Geosciurus">Geosciurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heteroxerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heteroxerus (page does not exist)">Heteroxerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spermophilopsis" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermophilopsis">Spermophilopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerus">Xerus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Aplodontia rufa</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503813" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q503813">Q503813</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aplodontia_rufa" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Aplodontia rufa">Aplodontia rufa</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Aplodontia_rufa/">Aplodontia_rufa</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id34926">34926</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/FPFG">FPFG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/327978">327978</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2439690">2439690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/43736">43736</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10924252">10924252</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180133">180133</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/1869">1869</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1001504">1001504</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12300004">12300004</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.101780/">2.101780</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=51342">51342</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/81783/">81783</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=159158">159158</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=44187">44187</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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