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2024</time></div></div> <ul class="wp-block-social-links has-small-icon-size has-icon-color is-style-logos-only is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-5459b461 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex"><div style="--block-gap:inherit;" class="wp-block-prc-block-social-share-sheet" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/social-share-sheet"}" data-wp-context="{"title":"How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram","text":"X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. ","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/?p=170603","hashtags":"","image":false}" data-wp-on--click="actions.onClick" data-wp-class--web-share-supported="state.enabled" data-wp-init="callbacks.detectWebShareSupport"> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #565656; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-x has-ui-gray-very-dark-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M13.982 10.622 20.54 3h-1.554l-5.693 6.618L8.745 3H3.5l6.876 10.007L3.5 21h1.554l6.012-6.989L15.868 21h5.245l-7.131-10.378Zm-2.128 2.474-.697-.997-5.543-7.93H8l4.474 6.4.697.996 5.815 8.318h-2.387l-4.745-6.787Z" /></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #565656; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook has-ui-gray-very-dark-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #565656; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-threads has-ui-gray-very-dark-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M16.3 11.3c-.1 0-.2-.1-.2-.1-.1-2.6-1.5-4-3.9-4-1.4 0-2.6.6-3.3 1.7l1.3.9c.5-.8 1.4-1 2-1 .8 0 1.4.2 1.7.7.3.3.5.8.5 1.3-.7-.1-1.4-.2-2.2-.1-2.2.1-3.7 1.4-3.6 3.2 0 .9.5 1.7 1.3 2.2.7.4 1.5.6 2.4.6 1.2-.1 2.1-.5 2.7-1.3.5-.6.8-1.4.9-2.4.6.3 1 .8 1.2 1.3.4.9.4 2.4-.8 3.6-1.1 1.1-2.3 1.5-4.3 1.5-2.1 0-3.8-.7-4.8-2S5.7 14.3 5.7 12c0-2.3.5-4.1 1.5-5.4 1.1-1.3 2.7-2 4.8-2 2.2 0 3.8.7 4.9 2 .5.7.9 1.5 1.2 2.5l1.5-.4c-.3-1.2-.8-2.2-1.5-3.1-1.3-1.7-3.3-2.6-6-2.6-2.6 0-4.7.9-6 2.6C4.9 7.2 4.3 9.3 4.3 12s.6 4.8 1.9 6.4c1.4 1.7 3.4 2.6 6 2.6 2.3 0 4-.6 5.3-2 1.8-1.8 1.7-4 1.1-5.4-.4-.9-1.2-1.7-2.3-2.3zm-4 3.8c-1 .1-2-.4-2-1.3 0-.7.5-1.5 2.1-1.6h.5c.6 0 1.1.1 1.6.2-.2 2.3-1.3 2.7-2.2 2.7z"/></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Threads</span></a></li> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #565656; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin has-ui-gray-very-dark-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #565656; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-whatsapp has-ui-gray-very-dark-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M 12.011719 2 C 6.5057187 2 2.0234844 6.478375 2.0214844 11.984375 C 2.0204844 13.744375 2.4814687 15.462563 3.3554688 16.976562 L 2 22 L 7.2324219 20.763672 C 8.6914219 21.559672 10.333859 21.977516 12.005859 21.978516 L 12.009766 21.978516 C 17.514766 21.978516 21.995047 17.499141 21.998047 11.994141 C 22.000047 9.3251406 20.962172 6.8157344 19.076172 4.9277344 C 17.190172 3.0407344 14.683719 2.001 12.011719 2 z M 12.009766 4 C 14.145766 4.001 16.153109 4.8337969 17.662109 6.3417969 C 19.171109 7.8517969 20.000047 9.8581875 19.998047 11.992188 C 19.996047 16.396187 16.413812 19.978516 12.007812 19.978516 C 10.674812 19.977516 9.3544062 19.642812 8.1914062 19.007812 L 7.5175781 18.640625 L 6.7734375 18.816406 L 4.8046875 19.28125 L 5.2851562 17.496094 L 5.5019531 16.695312 L 5.0878906 15.976562 C 4.3898906 14.768562 4.0204844 13.387375 4.0214844 11.984375 C 4.0234844 7.582375 7.6067656 4 12.009766 4 z M 8.4765625 7.375 C 8.3095625 7.375 8.0395469 7.4375 7.8105469 7.6875 C 7.5815469 7.9365 6.9355469 8.5395781 6.9355469 9.7675781 C 6.9355469 10.995578 7.8300781 12.182609 7.9550781 12.349609 C 8.0790781 12.515609 9.68175 15.115234 12.21875 16.115234 C 14.32675 16.946234 14.754891 16.782234 15.212891 16.740234 C 15.670891 16.699234 16.690438 16.137687 16.898438 15.554688 C 17.106437 14.971687 17.106922 14.470187 17.044922 14.367188 C 16.982922 14.263188 16.816406 14.201172 16.566406 14.076172 C 16.317406 13.951172 15.090328 13.348625 14.861328 13.265625 C 14.632328 13.182625 14.464828 13.140625 14.298828 13.390625 C 14.132828 13.640625 13.655766 14.201187 13.509766 14.367188 C 13.363766 14.534188 13.21875 14.556641 12.96875 14.431641 C 12.71875 14.305641 11.914938 14.041406 10.960938 13.191406 C 10.218937 12.530406 9.7182656 11.714844 9.5722656 11.464844 C 9.4272656 11.215844 9.5585938 11.079078 9.6835938 10.955078 C 9.7955938 10.843078 9.9316406 10.663578 10.056641 10.517578 C 10.180641 10.371578 10.223641 10.267562 10.306641 10.101562 C 10.389641 9.9355625 10.347156 9.7890625 10.285156 9.6640625 C 10.223156 9.5390625 9.737625 8.3065 9.515625 7.8125 C 9.328625 7.3975 9.131125 7.3878594 8.953125 7.3808594 C 8.808125 7.3748594 8.6425625 7.375 8.4765625 7.375 z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">WhatsApp</span></a></li> <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603"><span class="wp-block-prc-block-social-share-sheet__label">Share</span><i class="icon icon-library__solid icon__up-from-bracket"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/solid.svg#up-from-bracket"></use></svg></i></a></div></ul> </div> </div> </div> <h1 aria-level="1" data-post-type="post" style="line-height:1.15;" class="wp-block-post-title has-h-one-font-size has-serif-font-family">How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram</h1> <h2 style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25; margin-top:0.88rem;margin-bottom:0;" class="has-text-align-left wp-block-prc-block-subtitle has-h-2-font-size has-serif-font-family" aria-level="2">The experiences and views of each site’s users – from how much political content they see to the platforms’ impact on democracy</h2> <div style="margin-top:1.25rem;margin-bottom:0rem;" class="wp-elements-4f9f2db0607fa39239122b0d2cafa0bf wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display has-small-label-font-size is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-72306406 wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display-is-layout-flex" class="wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__bylines"><span class="wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix">By</span> <a rel="author" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/colleen-mcclain/" aria-label="View author archive for Colleen McClain">Colleen McClain</a><span class="prc-platform-staff-bylines__separator">, </span><a rel="author" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/monica-anderson/" aria-label="View author archive for Monica Anderson">Monica Anderson</a> <span class="prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator">and</span> <a rel="author" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/risa-gelles-watnick/" aria-label="View author archive for Risa Gelles-Watnick">Risa Gelles-Watnick</a></div> <div data-hide-on-desktop="true" data-wp-init--sticky="callbacks.onInit" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/core-group"}" class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow wp-container-7 is-position-sticky"><div style="border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-gray-light);border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-gray-light);" class="is-style-dropdown common-block-style--baseball-card has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color is-style-dropdown wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color" aria-role="navigation" data-wp-interactive="prc-block/table-of-contents" data-wp-context="{"isAccordion":false,"isDropdown":true,"isDropdownOpen":false,"items":[{"key":"unattachedPackagePart_170603","label":"How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram","slug":"how-americans-navigate-politics-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-americans-navigate-politics-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram\/","postId":170603,"is_active":true,"items":[],"chapters":[],"sections":[]},{"key":"_x1qliqmtd","postId":170613,"label":"1. How TikTok users view, experience the platform","slug":"1-how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_gtqeb5akr","postId":170630,"label":"2. How X users view, experience the platform","slug":"2-how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_k78k8a5nh","postId":170634,"label":"3. How Facebook users view, experience the platform","slug":"3-how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_jxid7pa5u","postId":170638,"label":"4. How Instagram users view, experience the platform","slug":"4-how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_n7mcw0a5b","postId":170642,"label":"Appendix","slug":"appendix","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-appendix\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_baffooyzc","postId":170646,"label":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_k65d5jdlq","postId":170650,"label":"Methodology","slug":"methodology","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-methodology\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]}],"autoDropdownEnabled":true,"autoDropdownWidth":480,"highlightCurrentSection":false}" data-wp-init--map-sections-to-chapters="callbacks.mapFoundSectionsToChapters" data-wp-init--watch-for-section-scroll="callbacks.initWatchForSectionScroll" data-wp-on-window--resize="callbacks.onResizeToggleDropdown" data-wp-on-window--click="callbacks.onWindowClickCloseDropdown" data-wp-class--is-style-dropdown="context.isDropdown" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded="context.isDropdownOpen" data-wp-bind--data-auto-dropdown-enabled="context.autoDropdownEnabled" data-wp-bind--data-auto-dropdown-width="context.autoDropdownWidth"><div class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__heading has-text-color has-white-color has-background has-ui-black-background-color"><h2>Table of Contents</h2></div><div class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__dropdown__heading has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color" data-wp-on--click="actions.onDropdownClick"><h2>Table of Contents</h2><button class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__dropdown-trigger"><span data-wp-bind--hidden="context.isDropdownOpen"><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__plus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#plus"></use></svg></i></span><span data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isDropdownOpen"><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__minus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#minus"></use></svg></i></span></button></div><ul class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list" role="list" style="--block-gap: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);"> <template data-wp-each--chapter="context.items"> <li class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item has-hover-background-color has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background-color has-active-ui-gray-very-light-background-color has-focus-background-color has-focus-ui-gray-very-light-background-color" data-wp-class--is-active="callbacks.isActive"> <a data-wp-bind--href="context.chapter.url" data-wp-text="context.chapter.label"></a> <ul class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list sections" data-wp-hidden="callbacks.hasSections"> <template data-wp-each--section="context.chapter.sections"> <li class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__list-item has-hover-background-color has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background-color has-active-ui-gray-very-light-background-color has-focus-background-color has-focus-ui-gray-very-light-background-color" data-wp-class--is-active="callbacks.isActive" data-wp-watch--for-current-section="callbacks.watchForCurrentSection"> <a data-wp-bind--href="context.section.url" data-wp-text="context.section.label" data-wp-on--click="callbacks.scrollSmoothly"></a> </li> </template> </ul> </li> </template> </ul></div></div> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><div class="entry-content wp-block-post-content has-global-padding is-content-justification-center is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-post-content-is-layout-7f697f31 wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained"><h2 style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="has-text-align-left wp-block-prc-block-subtitle has-h-2-font-size" aria-level="2">The experiences and views of each site’s users – from how much political content they see to the platforms’ impact on democracy</h2> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170841"><img data-dominant-color="9091a7" data-has-transparency="false" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1128" height="636" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png" alt="A collage of political illustrations across social media platforms" class="wp-image-170841 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #9091a7; width:640px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png 1128w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=768,433 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=1024,577 1024w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=718,405 718w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=200,113 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=260,147 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=310,175 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=420,237 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=640,361 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=740,416 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=160,90 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=320,180 320w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=540,304 540w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=564,317 564w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=690,388 690w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=268,151 268w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=536,302 536w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=194,110 194w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=388,220 388w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=148,84 148w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=296,168 296w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_featured.png?resize=720,405 720w" /></a><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Pew Research Center illustration</figcaption></figure> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><div style="--block-gap: inherit; border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-beige-dark);border-right-width:0px;border-right-style:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-beige-dark);border-left-width:0px;border-left-style:none; padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:12px;" class=" is-co-branded wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-white-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color" id="pew-knight-collapsible-8" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/collapsible"}" data-wp-context="{"collapsibleId":"pew-knight-collapsible-8","isOpen":false}" data-wp-class--is-open="context.isOpen" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view="callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView"><div class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title" data-wp-on--click="actions.onClick"><div><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/pew-knight"><img decoding="async" src="/var/www/wp-content/plugins/prc-block-library/assets/pew-knight-logo.svg" alt="Learn more about the Pew Knight Initiative" height="35px" class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__co-branding" title="Learn more about the Pew Knight Initiative" /></a></div><button class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon"><span data-wp-bind--hidden="context.isOpen"><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#circle-plus"></use></svg></i></span><span data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isOpen" hidden><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#circle-minus"></use></svg></i></span></button></div><div class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content"> <p class="has-ui-gray-very-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bb9e58cdcdfa238ac335b806a749a67" style="font-size:15px">The Pew-Knight Initiative supports new research on how Americans absorb civic information, form beliefs and identities, and engage in their communities.</p> <p class="has-ui-gray-very-dark-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d21cda239ccf086578cabb4d942b4845" style="font-size:15px">Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan, nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Knight Foundation is a social investor committed to supporting informed and engaged communities. <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/pew-knight/"><strong>Learn more ></strong></a></p> </div></div></div> <div style="--block-gap: inherit; border-width:1px; padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);" class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible has-background has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-border-color has-ui-beige-dark-border-color" id="how-we-did-this" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/collapsible"}" data-wp-context="{"collapsibleId":"how-we-did-this","isOpen":false}" data-wp-class--is-open="context.isOpen" data-wp-init--scroll-into-view="callbacks.onInitScrollIntoView"><div class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__title" data-wp-on--click="actions.onClick"><div>How we did this</div><button class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__icon"><span data-wp-bind--hidden="context.isOpen"><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__circle-plus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#circle-plus"></use></svg></i></span><span data-wp-bind--hidden="!context.isOpen" hidden><i class="icon icon-library__light icon__circle-minus"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/light.svg#circle-minus"></use></svg></i></span></button></div><div class="wp-block-prc-block-collapsible__content"> <p>Pew Research Center conducted this study to understand how TikTok users, X (formerly Twitter) users, Instagram users and Facebook users experience politics on these platforms. For this analysis, we surveyed 10,287 adult internet users in the United States from March 18 to 24, 2024.</p> <p>Everyone who took part in the survey is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way, nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey was weighted by combining the sample of internet users with data from ATP members who do not use the internet, and weighting the combined dataset to be representative of all U.S. adults by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. The analysis in this report is based on those who use the platforms of interest. Refer to the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/politics-across-platforms-methodology/">survey methodology</a> for details. Read more about the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/our-methods/u-s-surveys/the-american-trends-panel/">ATP’s methodology</a>.</p> <p>Here are the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_Politics-Across-Platforms_TOPLINE.pdf">questions used for this report</a>, along with responses, and the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/politics-across-platforms-methodology/">survey methodology</a>.</p> <p>This is a Pew Research Center report from the Pew-Knight Initiative, a research program funded jointly by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Find related reports online at <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/pew-knight/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.pewresearch.org/pew-knight/</a>.</p> </div></div> <p>Social media platforms are often at the center of the nation’s political debates – from free speech and harassment to the fate of democracy itself. Companies’ decisions about who and what to allow on their platforms have taken on even more weight <a href="https://www.thirteen.org/programs/pbs-newshour/social-media-elections-1707596215/">ahead of the 2024 U.S. presidential election</a>.</p> <p>Results from a Pew Research Center survey conducted in March 2024 shed new light on this environment. <strong>Americans’ experiences with politics on social media often depend on the platforms they use, </strong>from TikTok and X to Facebook and Instagram.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170724"><img data-dominant-color="dde1e7" data-has-transparency="false" decoding="async" width="620" height="766" sizes="(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png" alt="A bar chart showing that X stands out as a place its users go to keep up with politics" class="wp-image-170724 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #dde1e7; width:310px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png 620w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=243,300 243w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=328,405 328w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=200,247 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=260,321 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=310,383 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=420,519 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=160,198 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-01.png?resize=320,395 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>X stands out as a place people turn to for politics.</strong> A majority of X users (59%) say keeping up with politics or political issues is a reason they use it, compared with 36% of TikTok users and even smaller shares of Facebook or Instagram users (26% each).</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170725"><img data-dominant-color="e1e6eb" data-has-transparency="false" decoding="async" width="840" height="920" sizes="(max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png" alt="A bar chart showing that On TikTok, Facebook and Instagram, politics takes a backseat to entertainment, connections as reasons U.S. users say they use each platform" class="wp-image-170725 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #e1e6eb; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=274,300 274w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=768,841 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=370,405 370w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=200,219 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=260,285 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=310,340 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=420,460 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=640,701 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=740,810 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=160,175 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-02.png?resize=320,350 320w" /></a></figure> <p>There’s a range of reasons people are drawn to social media platforms – even on X, where using it to keep up with politics is relatively common. On TikTok, Facebook and Instagram, politics takes a backseat to other reasons we explored.</p> <p>For example:</p> <ul style="--block-gap: inherit;" class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>Entertainment largely reigns, especially on TikTok.</strong> Nearly all TikTok users (95%) say they’re on it because it’s entertaining, and about three-quarters or more say the same for X, Facebook and Instagram.</li> <li><strong>On Facebook and Instagram, friends and family are motivators.</strong> Most Facebook and Instagram users say a reason for using each is to keep up with friends and family. This share drops to 44% for TikTok and 33% for X.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>Related: </em></strong><em><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2024/06/12/how-americans-get-news-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram/">How Americans Get News on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram</a></em></p> <div class="wp-block-group alignright is-style-callout is-style-420-wide has-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="more-about-this-project">More about this project</h4> <p style="line-height:1.4">This project was designed to understand how people’s experiences and views <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2023/06/07/life-on-social-media-platforms-in-users-own-words/">differ across social media sites and apps</a>.<br><br>The survey covered <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/01/31/americans-social-media-use/">four social media platforms</a>: TikTok, X (formerly Twitter), Facebook and Instagram. Each platform’s questions were identical.<br><br>This report focuses on politics on social media. To learn about how people get news on these platforms, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2024/06/12/how-americans-get-news-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram/">read the companion report</a>.</p> </div> <p>Still, people are coming across political posts as they scroll through social media. And companies’ policies shape the political environment people enter when they log on.</p> <p>Our survey of 10,287 U.S. adult internet users, conducted March 18-24, 2024, set out to explore what this looks like on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram today.</p> <p>Jump to the following sections to learn more about how experiences and views differ <em>across </em>these four platforms:</p> <ul style="--block-gap: inherit;" class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="#social-media-and-democracy">Social media and democracy</a></li> <li><a href="#seeing-and-sharing-politics">Seeing and sharing politics</a></li> <li><a href="#why-people-do-or-don-t-post-about-politics">Why people do – or don’t – post about politics</a></li> <li><a href="#free-speech-and-harassment">Free speech and harassment</a></li> </ul> <p>And for a deep dive on one platform at a time, go to the chapter covering its users’ views and experiences:</p> <ul style="--block-gap: inherit;" class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/">TikTok</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform/">X</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform/">Facebook</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform/">Instagram</a></li> </ul> <p>This is one of two Pew Research Center reports on habits and attitudes on different social media platforms from the Pew-Knight Initiative, a research program funded jointly by The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.</p> <h3 data-is-section="true" data-wp-context="{"id":"social-media-and-democracy"}" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/table-of-contents"}" data-wp-on-document--scroll="callbacks.watchForSectionScroll" class="wp-block-heading" id="social-media-and-democracy">Social media and democracy</h3> <p>The relationship between social media and elections has often been rocky. In 2016, platforms struggled to stop the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-donald-trump-conspiracy-theories-misinformation-elections-36cca2a5fb8911132b0d8f0b6a3e5a31">spread of election misinformation</a>. After 2020, they grappled with <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/08/tech/trump-twitter-ban/index.html">decisions to ban former President Donald Trump</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/07/meta-facebook-political-polarization-studies/674841/">Not everyone is convinced</a> platforms are a dire threat to democracy. But as experts <a href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2024-misinformation-ai-social-media-trump-6119ee6f498db10603b3664e9ad3e87e">warn misinformation could worsen in 2024</a> and the Supreme Court tackles cases defining <a href="https://www.npr.org/2024/03/18/1239283052/supreme-court-tackles-social-media-and-free-speech">free speech on social media</a>, the question persists: <strong>Are these platforms good for democracy?</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/01/after-musks-takeover-big-shifts-in-how-republican-and-democratic-twitter-users-view-the-platform/">We’ve asked this question about X (formerly Twitter) before</a> – once in 2021, before Elon Musk took over the platform and revamped it, and again in 2023.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170726"><img data-dominant-color="efeeee" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="828" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png" alt="Line charts showing that The share of Republican users who see X as mostly good for democracy has roughly tripled from 17% in 2021 to 53% today." class="wp-image-170726 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #efeeee; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=300,296 300w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=768,757 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=411,405 411w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=200,197 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=260,256 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=310,306 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=420,414 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=640,631 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=740,729 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=75,75 75w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=160,158 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-03.png?resize=320,315 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>Today, views of X are more positive than negative.</strong> About four-in-ten X users (38%) say it’s mostly good for democracy, 27% say it’s mostly bad, and 34% say it has no impact. That’s an uptick of 6 percentage points in the share who say it’s mostly good from last year.</p> <p><strong>GOP users’ views of X have changed dramatically in the past three years. </strong>The share of Republican users who see X as mostly good for democracy has roughly tripled from 17% in 2021 to 53% today. This includes a 10-point rise in just the past year (from 43% to 53%). <em>(Throughout this report, Democratic and Republican users include independents who lean toward each party.)</em></p> <p><strong>Democratic X users’ views are trending negative.</strong> The share of Democratic users who see it as mostly bad for democracy has risen 11 points since 2021, to 39% today.</p> <p><strong>Partisans hold opposing views of X.</strong> Republican X users are far more likely than Democratic users to see it as mostly good for democracy (53% vs. 26%). In contrast, Democratic users are three times as likely as their GOP counterparts to see it as mostly <em>bad</em> (39% vs. 13%).</p> <p>For the first time, we asked this question about Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. We found that not everyone thinks these platforms play a role in the democratic process.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170727"><img data-dominant-color="dbdfdc" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="740" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png" alt="A bar chart showing that The largest shares of Instagram, TikTok and Facebook users say the platforms have no impact on democracy" class="wp-image-170727 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #dbdfdc; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=300,264 300w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=768,677 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=460,405 460w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=200,176 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=260,229 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=310,273 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=420,370 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=640,564 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=740,652 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=160,141 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-04.png?resize=320,282 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>For Instagram, TikTok and Facebook, the most common view is that each has no impact on democracy. </strong>Over half of Instagram users say so, as do 49% of TikTok users and 43% of Facebook users.</p> <p><strong>Otherwise, views of TikTok and Instagram are more positive than negative.</strong> A third of TikTok users say it’s mostly good, versus 17% who say it’s mostly bad.</p> <p>Similarly, 26% of Instagram users say it’s mostly good, compared with 16% who say it’s mostly bad.</p> <p><strong>On the other hand, views of Facebook are more negative than positive:</strong> 31% of Facebook users think it’s mostly bad, while 24% say it’s mostly good. But the largest share (43%) says it has no impact.</p> <h3 data-is-section="true" data-wp-context="{"id":"seeing-and-sharing-politics"}" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/table-of-contents"}" data-wp-on-document--scroll="callbacks.watchForSectionScroll" class="wp-block-heading" id="seeing-and-sharing-politics">Seeing and sharing politics</h3> <p>X is the only platform where a majority of users cite politics as a reason they use it. But people on TikTok, Facebook and Instagram still come across political content.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170728"><img data-dominant-color="dee0e4" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="956" sizes="auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png" alt="A bar chart showing that Across social media platforms, seeing politics far outweighs sharing about it" class="wp-image-170728 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #dee0e4; width:310px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png 620w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=195,300 195w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=263,405 263w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=200,308 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=260,401 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=310,478 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=420,648 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=160,247 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-05.png?resize=320,493 320w" /></a></figure> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="how-much-political-content-do-people-see-and-share">How much political content do people see – and share?</h4> <p>Like with reasons for use,<strong> X leads in how much politics its users see. </strong>Most X users (74%) say at least some of what they see on it is about politics or political issues. Smaller shares of users say the same for Facebook (52%), TikTok (45%) and Instagram (36%).</p> <p><strong>People are far more likely to see politics than share about it. </strong>Just 14% of X users say at least some of what they post or share on it is about politics or political issues. About one-in-ten Facebook, TikTok and Instagram users say the same.<sup class="footnote"><a href="#fn-170603-1" id="fnref-170603-1">1</a></sup>. </p> <p><strong>On each platform, Republicans and Democrats are similarly likely to see at least some political content there – and that’s also true for sharing it. </strong>For example, identical shares of Republican and Democratic TikTok users (47% each) see at least some political content there. (Refer to the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/politics-across-platforms-appendix/" rel="sponsored nofollow">Appendix</a> for these shares for all four platforms.)</p> <h4 id="3906613a19aa54b0dad8de955184a4ee" class="wp-block-heading">Which way does political content on platforms lean?</h4> <p>Accusations of <a href="https://www.foxnews.com/media/twitter-facebook-google-censored-conservatives-big-tech-suspension">political bias</a> and <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277505/tiktok-black-creators-censorship-algorithm-donation-diversity-council">censorship</a> on platforms have been widespread in recent years, both in the news and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/04/29/americans-views-of-technology-companies-2/#political-censorship-and-bias-in-big-tech">among the general public</a>. But what do users of these platforms think about the content they see?</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170729"><img data-dominant-color="e0e3e3" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="850" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png" alt="A bar chart showing that 31% of X users say what they see about politics doesn’t lean liberal or conservative, versus slightly smaller shares on other platforms who say the same" class="wp-image-170729 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #e0e3e3; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=296,300 296w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=768,777 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=400,405 400w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=200,202 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=260,263 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=310,314 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=420,425 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=640,648 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=740,749 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=75,75 75w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=160,162 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-06.png?resize=320,324 320w" /></a></figure> <p>Across all four platforms we studied, <strong>some users don’t see a clear lean to one side</strong> in the content they consume. About four-in-ten or more say that what they see about politics doesn’t lean toward a particular ideology or that they are unsure. For example, 53% of Facebook users say what they see doesn’t lean either way (24%) or that they are unsure (29%).</p> <p><strong>Still, Instagram, Facebook and TikTok users are more likely to say what they see is mostly liberal </strong>than mostly conservative. About a quarter on each platform say what they see is mostly liberal. Smaller shares perceive a conservative lean.</p> <p><strong>X users are about evenly split </strong>between thinking what they see leans liberal (19%) versus conservative (18%). Another 31% say it doesn’t lean either way.</p> <p><em>Differences by party</em></p> <p>Party differences depend on which platform we’re looking at. For example, Republicans who use Facebook are more likely than Democrats to say the political content they come across there is mostly liberal (29% vs. 16%). Their Democratic counterparts are slightly more likely to say the content is mostly conservative (16% vs. 10%).</p> <p>On the other hand, on X, Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say what they see doesn’t lean either way (37% vs. 26%). But Democratic users are somewhat more likely than Republican users to say what they see there leans liberal (22% vs. 16%).</p> <p>There are also slight party differences on <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform/#political-content-users">Instagram</a> and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/#political-content-users">TikTok</a> (refer to the back chapters for more).</p> <h3 data-is-section="true" data-wp-context="{"id":"why-people-do-or-don-t-post-about-politics"}" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/table-of-contents"}" data-wp-on-document--scroll="callbacks.watchForSectionScroll" class="wp-block-heading" id="why-people-do-or-don-t-post-about-politics">Why people do – or don’t – post about politics</h3> <p>To understand more about what motivates people to post (or not), we followed up with two groups of users.</p> <h4 id="eb8da21affed349eb2afcf067e955670" class="wp-block-heading">Why people post about politics</h4> <p>We asked <strong>users who say they post at least a little political content on these platforms </strong>about four reasons why they might do so.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170730"><img data-dominant-color="f0f0f0" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="906" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png" alt="A dot plot showing that TikTok and X stand out as places people post political content because they feel it belongs there" class="wp-image-170730 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #f0f0f0; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=278,300 278w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=768,828 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=375,405 375w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=200,216 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=260,280 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=310,334 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=420,453 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=640,690 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=740,798 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=160,173 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-07.png?resize=320,345 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>Politics belonging there:</strong> About two-thirds of those who share things about politics on TikTok or X say a reason why is that politics belongs there. Far fewer on Instagram (45%) or Facebook (40%) say this.</p> <p><strong>Making a difference:</strong> About three-quarters of users who post political content on TikTok (73%) say it’s because this is a place they can make a difference. By comparison, smaller shares post political content on X (58%) or Facebook (54%) for this reason. (The share who say this about Instagram – 64% – is statistically similar to both TikTok and X.)</p> <p><strong>Feeling obligated: </strong>Roughly three-quarters of those who post about politics on X or TikTok say feeling it’s something they should do is a reason why they do so, along with a similar share of their peers on Instagram (70%). Among Facebook users who share politics there, 63% cite this as a reason.</p> <p><strong>A welcoming environment:</strong> Most TikTok and X users who post about politics also say their views feeling welcome there is a reason they do so – higher than the shares on the other platforms.</p> <p><em>Differences by party</em></p> <p>For some platforms, we were also able to explore how these reasons might vary by party.<sup class="footnote"><a href="#fn-170603-2" id="fnref-170603-2">2</a></sup> For example, on X, Republican users who post about politics are more likely than their Democratic counterparts to cite their views being welcome there as a <em>major </em>reason why they do so (54% vs. 33%).</p> <p>Conversely, on Facebook, Republicans who post about politics are <em>less </em>likely than their Democratic peers to cite a welcoming environment as a <em>major</em> reason they post about politics (12% vs. 20%).</p> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id="why-people-steer-clear-of-posting-about-politics">Why people steer clear of posting about politics</h4> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170731"><img data-dominant-color="f0f0f0" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="840" height="996" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png" alt="A dot plot showing that Majorities of Facebook and Instagram users who keep politics out of their posts say it doesn’t belong there" class="wp-image-170731 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #f0f0f0; width:420px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png 840w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=253,300 253w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=768,911 768w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=342,405 342w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=200,237 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=260,308 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=310,368 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=420,498 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=640,759 640w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=740,877 740w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=160,190 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-08.png?resize=320,379 320w" /></a></figure> <p>We also asked <strong>users who say they post on the platforms, but never about politics or political issues, </strong>about four reasons why they might avoid doing so.</p> <p><strong>Politics not belonging there:</strong> A majority of Facebook (67%) and Instagram (60%) users who keep politics out of their posts say it’s because politics <em>doesn’t </em>belong there. Smaller shares say the same for TikTok (47%) or X (36%).</p> <p><strong>The threat of harassment:</strong> Similar shares of Facebook (48%) and Instagram (44%) users who avoid posting politics say it’s because they don’t want to be criticized or harassed there. A smaller share of their counterparts on TikTok (35%) say the same. (The share who says this about X doesn’t statistically differ from the other platforms.)</p> <p>To learn about those who <strong>don’t care</strong> or <strong>don’t think it’ll make a difference,</strong> and for more on how reasons rank <em>within</em> a platform, refer to the back chapters on <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/#why-people-don-t-post-about-politics">TikTok</a>, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform/#why-people-don-t-post-about-politics">X</a>, <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform/#why-people-don-t-post-about-politics">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/2024/06/12/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform/#why-people-don-t-post-about-politics">Instagram</a>.</p> <p><em>Differences by party</em></p> <p>Again, we were able to explore how these reasons differed by party for some platforms.<sup class="footnote"><a href="#fn-170603-3" id="fnref-170603-3">3</a></sup> For example, on Facebook, Republicans who avoid posting about politics are slightly more likely than Democrats to say politics not belonging there is a <em>major </em>reason they don’t post this (49% vs. 42%).</p> <p>There is a similar pattern for Instagram: 44% of Republicans versus 36% of Democrats say a major reason they avoid this is because politics doesn’t belong there.</p> <h3 data-is-section="true" data-wp-context="{"id":"free-speech-and-harassment"}" data-wp-interactive="{"namespace":"prc-block\/table-of-contents"}" data-wp-on-document--scroll="callbacks.watchForSectionScroll" class="wp-block-heading" id="free-speech-and-harassment">Free speech and harassment</h3> <p>Social media platforms’ decisions about what content to allow can be consequential. Elon Musk has declared X <a href="https://whyy.org/episodes/elon-musk-twitter-and-free-speech/">a place for free speech</a>, but some say its policies have the opposite effect. Meta has moved to <a href="https://time.com/6960587/meta-instagram-political-content-limit-off-setting-default/">limit political content on its platforms</a>, including Facebook and Instagram. And TikTok has come under fire for alleged censorship, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/02/tiktok-blacklivesmatter-censorship.html">including by those posting about #BlackLivesMatter</a>.</p> <p>We wanted to hear from each platform’s user base: Do platforms feel like places for open political expression? </p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170732"><img data-dominant-color="efefef" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="1196" sizes="auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png" alt="A dot plot showing that Most users say people feel free to talk politics on social media platforms; GOP Facebook users are more skeptical" class="wp-image-170732 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #efefef; width:310px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png 620w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=156,300 156w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=531,1024 531w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=210,405 210w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=200,386 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=260,502 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=310,598 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=420,810 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=160,309 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-09.png?resize=320,617 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>Most users think people feel free to express political views on these platforms. </strong>About nine-in-ten X users and a similar share of TikTok users think so. Three-quarters of Instagram users and 71% of Facebook users say the same.</p> <p>Majorities of users across the political aisle say this,<strong> but Republican users are less likely than Democrats to think people feel free to talk about politics on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok. </strong>For example, they are more skeptical about free expression on Facebook: 35% of Republican Facebook users think people do <em>not </em>feel free to express political views there, compared with 20% of Democrats.</p> <p><strong>However, similar shares across parties see X as a place for free expression.</strong> About nine-in-ten Republican users think people there feel free to express political views, and roughly the same share of Democratic users say so.</p> <h4 id="9292cb7c0f0b4af9426e21a80883ba0a" class="wp-block-heading">Harassment</h4> <p>With open expression can come anger and abuse. Our previous work shows that while online harassment occurs in a wide range of places from gaming to dating apps, it most often <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/02/16/online-harassment-occurs-most-often-on-social-media-but-strikes-in-other-places-too/">occurs on social media sites</a>. And a <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/01/13/the-state-of-online-harassment/">rising share of Americans</a> have been harassed online because of their political beliefs.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=170733"><img data-dominant-color="e3e1e2" data-has-transparency="false" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="620" height="1234" sizes="auto, (max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px" src="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png" alt="A bar chart showing that Democrats who use X are far more likely than Republicans to say harassment is a major problem on the site" class="wp-image-170733 not-transparent" style="--dominant-color: #e3e1e2; width:310px" srcset="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png 620w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=151,300 151w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=514,1024 514w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=203,405 203w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=200,398 200w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=260,517 260w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=310,617 310w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=420,836 420w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=160,318 160w, https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_politics-across-platforms_0-10.png?resize=320,637 320w" /></a></figure> <p><strong>Harassment is widely seen as a problem on each of these sites.</strong> Roughly eight-in-ten Facebook users say this is a problem there, including 31% who say it’s a major one.</p> <p>Smaller shares of X, TikTok and Instagram users – though still about seven-in-ten – see harassment as a problem on these sites.</p> <p><strong>The extent to which people think harassment is a problem differs by party, </strong>especially on X. Democratic users are about three times as likely as Republican users to say harassment is a <em>major</em> problem (48% vs. 15%).</p> <p>Partisan differences are more modest for other sites. For example, 35% of Democrats who use Facebook see harassment as a major issue on the site, compared with 26% of Republican users.<br><br></p> <h4 class="wp-block-heading" id=""><br></h4> </div></div> <div class="wp-elements-f3c92300b3a05065707e28c1522dbfbd wp-block-prc-block-report-pagination has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color is-layout-flex wp-block-prc-block-report-pagination-is-layout-flex"> <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/" rel="prefetch" class="wp-block-prc-block-report-pagination__next-post-button has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-ui-beige-light-background-color" alt="Go to the next post in this report: Next: How TikTok users view, experience the platform" style="box-shadow: inset 0 3px 4px -2px var(--wp--preset--color--ui-beige-very-dark)"> Next: How TikTok users view, experience the platform </a> <div class="common-block-style__pagination__container"> <div class="common-block-style__pagination"> <span class="is-disabled common-block-style__pagination__pagination-previous">← Prev Page</span> <div class="common-block-style__pagination__pagination-numbers"> <span class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers is-active" title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram">1</span> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="1. How TikTok users view, experience the platform">2</a> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="2. How X users view, experience the platform">3</a> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="3. How Facebook users view, experience the platform">4</a> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="4. How Instagram users view, experience the platform">5</a> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/politics-across-platforms-appendix/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="Appendix">6</a> <span class="common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers dots">…</span> <a href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/politics-across-platforms-methodology/' class="has-text-color has-ui-black-color has-background has-white-background-color has-border-color has-border-ui-gray-light-color has-hover-background has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background has-active-white-background-color common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title="Methodology">8</a> </div> <a class="common-block-style__pagination__pagination-next"href='https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/06/12/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform/'>Next Page →</a> </div> </div> </div> <ol style="--block-gap: var(--wp--preset--spacing--20); font-size:13px;line-height:1.6; border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-gray-light);border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:var(--wp--preset--color--ui-gray-light);border-bottom-style:solid; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);" class="wp-elements-f4cc0528df5414694206b4e653072b7b wp-block-prc-block-footnotes has-text-color has-ui-gray-very-dark-color" id="footnotes" start="1"><li class="wp-block-prc-block-footnotes__footnote" id="fn-170603-1">These findings echo patterns from previous Center work – including studies focused specifically on <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2022/06/16/survey-findings-on-twitter-users-political-attitudes-and-experiences/#users-say-political-content-makes-up-a-larger-share-of-what-they-see-than-of-what-they-post">X (formerly Twitter)</a> and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2024/02/22/how-u-s-adults-use-tiktok/">TikTok</a>, as well as those about <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/05/04/70-of-u-s-social-media-users-never-or-rarely-post-or-share-about-political-social-issues/">political and social issues on social media more generally</a>.<span class="wp-block-prc-block-footnotes__footnote__return"><a href="#fnref-170603-1">↩</a></span></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-footnotes__footnote" id="fn-170603-2">Platforms not mentioned here are not broken out by party due to sample size considerations.<span class="wp-block-prc-block-footnotes__footnote__return"><a href="#fnref-170603-2">↩</a></span></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-footnotes__footnote" 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wp-elements-0c2dee251131f4077ab614ac377cb137 wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms has-text-color has-ui-link-color-color wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a is-horizontal is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms-is-layout-65a8c4df wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms-is-layout-flex"><ul class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list"><li class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list-item"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/platforms-services/social-media/facebook/">Facebook</a></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list-item"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/platforms-services/social-media/instagram/">Instagram</a></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list-item"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/politics-online/">Politics Online</a></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list-item"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/platforms-services/social-media/tiktok/">TikTok</a></li><li class="wp-block-prc-block-post-taxonomy-terms__list-item"><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/internet-technology/platforms-services/social-media/twitter-x/">Twitter (X)</a></li></ul></div></div> <ul class="wp-block-social-links has-small-icon-size has-icon-color is-style-logos-only is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex" style="font-size:13px;text-transform:uppercase"><div style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;" class="wp-block-prc-block-social-share-url-field has-small-label-font-size" data-wp-interactive="prc-block/social-share-url-field"><span class="label">Share This Link:</span> <input data-wp-on--click="actions.onInputClick" style="line-height:1;" class="wp-block-prc-block-form-input-text" id="7f537b60c38e5d055a18d8a117276286" name="shorturl" type="text" data-long-id="//text/shorturl" placeholder="Enter text..." data-1p-ignore="1" 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Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. ","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/?p=170603","hashtags":"","image":false}" data-wp-on--click="actions.onClick" data-wp-class--web-share-supported="state.enabled" data-wp-init="callbacks.detectWebShareSupport"> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. " data-share-title="How Americans Navigate Politics on TikTok, X, Facebook and Instagram" data-share-url="https://www.pewresearch.org/?p=170603" style="color: #000; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-x has-ui-black-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="#" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M13.982 10.622 20.54 3h-1.554l-5.693 6.618L8.745 3H3.5l6.876 10.007L3.5 21h1.554l6.012-6.989L15.868 21h5.245l-7.131-10.378Zm-2.128 2.474-.697-.997-5.543-7.93H8l4.474 6.4.697.996 5.815 8.318h-2.387l-4.745-6.787Z" /></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li> <li data-share-description="X stands out as a place people go to keep up with politics. Still, some users see political posts on Facebook, TikTok and Instagram, too. 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href="https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2025/03/19/what-age-do-people-around-the-world-think-is-best-to-reach-major-life-milestones/" class="title">What Age Do People Around the World Think Is Best to Reach Major Life Milestones?</a></aside> <aside class="wp-block-prc-block-popular-story"><div class="big-number">2</div><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/03/26/americans-more-likely-to-support-than-oppose-continuing-federal-funding-for-npr-and-pbs/" class="title">Americans more likely to support than oppose continuing federal funding for NPR and PBS</a></aside> <aside class="wp-block-prc-block-popular-story"><div class="big-number">3</div><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/03/26/around-the-world-many-people-are-leaving-their-childhood-religions/" class="title">Around the World, Many People Are Leaving Their Childhood Religions</a></aside> <aside class="wp-block-prc-block-popular-story"><div class="big-number">4</div><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/11/13/understanding-how-2020s-election-polls-performed-and-what-it-might-mean-for-other-kinds-of-survey-work/" class="title">Understanding how 2020 election polls performed and what it might mean for other kinds of survey work</a></aside> <aside class="wp-block-prc-block-popular-story"><div class="big-number">5</div><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/03/18/what-the-data-says-about-the-us-department-of-education/" class="title">What the data says about the U.S. Department of Education</a></aside></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding-bottom:0rem;" class="is-vertically-aligned-top column2-desktop-grid__span-4 column2-tablet-grid__span-4 column2-mobile-grid__span-4 wp-block-prc-block-grid-column is-layout-flow wp-block-prc-block-grid-column-is-layout-flow"> <div style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;" class="common-block-style--baseball-card align-to__column-divider wp-elements-903fc9535867291117c0dd5483bcf2ee wp-block-prc-block-report-materials"><div class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-contents__heading has-text-color has-ui-white-color has-background has-ui-black-background-color"><h2>Report Materials</h2></div> <ul class="wp-block-prc-block-report-materials__list" role="list" style="--block-gap: 0;"><li class="wp-block-prc-block-table-of-materials__list-item has-hover-background-color has-hover-ui-beige-very-light-background-color has-active-background-color has-active-ui-gray-very-light-background-color has-focus-background-color has-focus-ui-gray-very-light-background-color flex-align-center" data-material-type="report"><i class="icon icon-library__solid icon__file"><svg style="width: 1em; height: 1em;"><use xlink:href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/plugins/prc-icon-library/build/icons/sprites/solid.svg#file"></use></svg></i><a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/06/PI_2024.06.12_Politics-Across-Platforms_REPORT.pdf" target="_blank">Report 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Instagram","slug":"how-americans-navigate-politics-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-americans-navigate-politics-on-tiktok-x-facebook-and-instagram\/","postId":170603,"is_active":true,"items":[],"chapters":[],"sections":[]},{"key":"_x1qliqmtd","postId":170613,"label":"1. How TikTok users view, experience the platform","slug":"1-how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-tiktok-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_gtqeb5akr","postId":170630,"label":"2. How X users view, experience the platform","slug":"2-how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-x-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_k78k8a5nh","postId":170634,"label":"3. How Facebook users view, experience the platform","slug":"3-how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-facebook-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_jxid7pa5u","postId":170638,"label":"4. How Instagram users view, experience the platform","slug":"4-how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/how-instagram-users-view-experience-the-platform\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_n7mcw0a5b","postId":170642,"label":"Appendix","slug":"appendix","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-appendix\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_baffooyzc","postId":170646,"label":"Acknowledgments","slug":"acknowledgments","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-acknowledgments\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]},{"key":"_k65d5jdlq","postId":170650,"label":"Methodology","slug":"methodology","url":"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/2024\/06\/12\/politics-across-platforms-methodology\/","is_active":false,"sections":[]}],"autoDropdownEnabled":false,"autoDropdownWidth":480,"highlightCurrentSection":true}" 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