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interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="محمدحسین آیرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمدحسین آیرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hossein_Ayrom" title="Mohammad Hossein Ayrom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohammad Hossein Ayrom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="محمد هوساين ايروم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد هوساين ايروم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="محمد حسین آیرم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد حسین آیرم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B9%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Мохаммед Хосейн хан Айрумлу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мохаммед Хосейн хан Айрумлу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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He was the nephew of General <a href="/wiki/General_Teym%C5%ABr_Khan_Ayromlou" class="mw-redirect" title="General Teymūr Khan Ayromlou">Teymur Xân Âyromlu</a> and a first cousin of Queen <a href="/wiki/Tadj_ol-Molouk_Ayromlou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlou">Tâj ol-Moluk Âyromlu</a>. Only some members of the <a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrums</a> family spelled their surname "Âyromlu" with the added suffix "-lu". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Hosayn_Ayrom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in 1882 in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> (then part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>) as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayrums" title="Ayrums">Ayrom</a> tribe, Ayrom soon joined the ranks of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Cossack_Brigade" title="Persian Cossack Brigade">Persian Cossack Brigade</a> and became an associate to <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Khan</a> (later Reza Shah).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ayrom climbed up the ranks swiftly, becoming a colonel of Iran's Cossack Brigade as early as 1901. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>, Ayrom reportedly spent some years in the Imperial Russian ranks, serving as an officer in the Tsarist army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Iran in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became Chief of Iran's National Police (Shahrbāni) in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the height of his career, he was viewed as more powerful than a Cabinet member and <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah</a>'s right-hand man. His abuses of his position included graft, framing innocent people and smuggling and seeing what was happening to others he pretended to be ill and left Iran permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Ayrom made active efforts in order to create a government in exile in Berlin, German-backed, under the name of Īrān-e āzād. The aims were to perform activity against the allied occupation of Iran, and to take over Iran as well after the German victory in the war. During the Allied occupation of Iran, when it led to the arrests of all sympathizers with Germany, Ayrom was "arrested and confined to a village in Germany".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died on 31 March 1948 in <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> (where he had become a citizen) while staying there for medical treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Hosayn_Ayrom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadj_ol-Molouk_Ayromlou" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlou">Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Teym%C5%ABr_Khan_Ayromlou" class="mw-redirect" title="General Teymūr Khan Ayromlou">General Teymūr Khan Ayromlou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Pessian" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Pessian">Colonel Pessian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Soheili" title="Ali Soheili">Ali Soheili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Abdollah_Tahmasebi" title="Amir Abdollah Tahmasebi">Amir Abdollah Tahmasebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar_Lashgar_Buzarjomehri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sar Lashgar Buzarjomehri">Sar Lashgar Buzarjomehri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Khan_Puladeen" title="Mahmud Khan Puladeen">Mahmud Khan Puladeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Jahanbani" title="Amanullah Jahanbani">Amanullah Jahanbani</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Hosayn_Ayrom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmanat1987152–153_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmanat1987">Amanat 1987</a>, pp. 152–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOberling1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Oberling, P. (1987). "ĀYRĪMLŪ". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayrimlun"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2</i></a>. pp. 151–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80YR%C4%AAML%C5%AA&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+2&rft.pages=151-152&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Oberling&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fayrimlun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad-Hosayn+Ayrom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzimi2008" class="citation book cs1">Azimi, Fakhreddin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt-Gwo1w_AkC&pg=PA83"><i>The Quest for Democracy in Iran: A Century of Struggle against Authoritarian Rule</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02778-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02778-7"><bdi>978-0-674-02778-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+Democracy+in+Iran%3A+A+Century+of+Struggle+against+Authoritarian+Rule&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02778-7&rft.aulast=Azimi&rft.aufirst=Fakhreddin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGt-Gwo1w_AkC%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad-Hosayn+Ayrom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Hosayn_Ayrom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanat1987" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Amanat, A. (1987). "ĀYROM, MOḤAMMAD-ḤOSAYN KHAN". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayrom-mohammad-hosayn"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 2</i></a>. pp. 152–153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80YROM%2C+MO%E1%B8%A4AMMAD-%E1%B8%A4OSAYN+KHAN&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+2&rft.pages=152-153&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Amanat&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fayrom-mohammad-hosayn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad-Hosayn+Ayrom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Army-personnel-icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soldier icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Army-personnel-icon.png/30px-Army-personnel-icon.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Army-personnel-icon.png/45px-Army-personnel-icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Army-personnel-icon.png/60px-Army-personnel-icon.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article related to the military of Iran is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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