CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shajar al-Durr - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"df32c1b0-d563-4eae-bfbf-2056558df841","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shajar_al-Durr","wgTitle":"Shajar al-Durr","wgCurRevisionId":1280518688,"wgRevisionId":1280518688,"wgArticleId":1983704,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Arabic-language text","CS1: long volume value","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2021","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Year of birth unknown","1257 deaths","13th-century queens regnant","13th-century queens consort","13th-century women regents","13th-century regents","Deaths by beating","Muslims of the Seventh Crusade","Regents of Egypt","Egyptian slaves","13th-century Egyptian people","13th-century Ayyubid sultans of Egypt","Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate","Remarried royal consorts","Egyptian queens regnant","Slave concubines","Female regents in Africa","Slaves from the Ayyubid Sultanate","Medieval Egyptian women"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shajar_al-Durr","wgRelevantArticleId":1983704,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q464920","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="570"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg/800px-Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="380"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg/640px-Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="304"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shajar al-Durr - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shajar_al-Durr rootpage-Shajar_al-Durr skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shajar+al-Durr" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shajar+al-Durr" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shajar+al-Durr" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shajar+al-Durr" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Title" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Title"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Title</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Title-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defeat_of_the_Seventh_Crusade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_of_the_Seventh_Crusade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Defeat of the Seventh Crusade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defeat_of_the_Seventh_Crusade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_Turanshah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_Turanshah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Conflict with Turanshah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_Turanshah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign_as_Sultan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign_as_Sultan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign as Sultan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign_as_Sultan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign as Sultan subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign_as_Sultan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rise_to_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rise to power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Ayyubids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflict_with_the_Ayyubids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Conflict with the Ayyubids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflict_with_the_Ayyubids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Establishing_the_Mamluk_dynasty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishing_the_Mamluk_dynasty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Establishing the Mamluk dynasty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishing_the_Mamluk_dynasty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Egyptian_folklore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Egyptian_folklore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>In Egyptian folklore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Egyptian_folklore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>In literature and film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shajar al-Durr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schadschar_ad-Dur" title="Schadschar ad-Dur – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schadschar ad-Dur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99c%C9%99r%C9%99dd%C3%BCrr" title="Şəcərəddürr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəcərəddürr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="শাজারাতুদ দুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শাজারাতুদ দুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C3%A0jar-ad-Durr" title="Xàjar-ad-Durr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xàjar-ad-Durr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0agrat_Al_Durr" title="Šagrat Al Durr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šagrat Al Durr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schadschar_ad-Durr" title="Schadschar ad-Durr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schadschar ad-Durr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_Al-Durr" title="Shajar Al-Durr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shajar Al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_Al-Durr" title="Shajar Al-Durr – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shajar Al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajar_ad-Durr" title="Chajar ad-Durr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chajar ad-Durr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EC%9F%88%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%8C%EB%91%90%EB%A5%B4" title="샤쟈르 알두르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤쟈르 알두르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0" title="शाजरत अल-दुर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शाजरत अल-दुर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr" title="Shajar al-Durr – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Shajar al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syajaruddur" title="Syajaruddur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Syajaruddur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr" title="Shajar al-Durr – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shajar al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%92%27%D7%A8_%D7%90-%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8" title="שג'ר א-דור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שג'ר א-דור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadzsar_ad-Durr_egyiptomi_szult%C3%A1na" title="Sadzsar ad-Durr egyiptomi szultána – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sadzsar ad-Durr egyiptomi szultána" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ശജറതു ദുർറ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശജറതു ദുർറ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%83%AB" title="シャジャル・アッ＝ドゥッル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャジャル・アッ＝ドゥッル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajar_ad-Durr" title="Chajar ad-Durr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chajar ad-Durr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szad%C5%BCar_ad-Durr" title="Szadżar ad-Durr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szadżar ad-Durr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xajar_Aldur" title="Xajar Aldur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xajar Aldur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80" title="Шаджар ад-Дурр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаджар ад-Дурр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%95" title="شەجەرە دوڕ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەجەرە دوڕ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80" title="Шаџар ел Дур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шаџар ел Дур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ad%C5%BEar_al-Durr" title="Šadžar al-Durr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šadžar al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr" title="Shajar al-Durr – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shajar al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ชะญะรุดดุรร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชะญะรุดดุรร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eecer%C3%BCdd%C3%BCr" title="Şecerüddür – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şecerüddür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%80%D1%80" title="Шаджар ед Дурр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаджар ед Дурр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="شجر الدر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شجر الدر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B1" title="شەجەرەتۇددۇر – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شەجەرەتۇددۇر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr" title="Shajar al-Durr – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shajar al-Durr" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%93%B2%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94" title="舍哲尔·杜尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="舍哲尔·杜尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q464920#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Shajar_al-Durr" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shajar_al-Durr"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Shajar_al-Durr" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Shajar_al-Durr" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&oldid=1280518688" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Shajar_al-Durr&id=1280518688&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShajar_al-Durr"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShajar_al-Durr"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shajar_al-Durr&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shajar_al-Durr" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q464920" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Female ruler (Sultan) of Egypt in 1250</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Shajar al-Durr</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Sultana of Egypt</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg/220px-Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg/330px-Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg/440px-Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="486" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Dinar coin of Shajar al-Durr</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">Sultan of Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">2 May – 30 July 1250</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">Al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Izz al-Din Aybak</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regent</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regency</th><td class="infobox-data">21 November 1249 – 27 February 1250<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1257-04-28</span>)</span>28 April 1257<br /><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Cairo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">As-Salih Ayyub</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(died 1249)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Izz al-Din Aybak</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1250; died 1257)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Khalil</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shajar al-Durr</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شجر الدر</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Tree of Pearls'), also <b>Shajarat al-Durr</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شجرة الدر</span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose royal name was <b>al-Malika ʿAṣmat ad-Dīn ʾUmm-Khalīl Shajar ad-Durr</b> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الملكة عصمة الدين أم خليل شجر الدر</span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> died 28 April 1257), was a ruler of Egypt. She was the wife of <a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">As-Salih Ayyub</a>, and later of <a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_Aybak" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz al-Din Aybak">Izz al-Din Aybak</a>, the first sultan of the Mamluk <a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Bahri dynasty</a>. Prior to becoming Ayyub's wife, she was a child slave and Ayyub's <a href="/wiki/History_of_concubinage_in_the_Muslim_world" title="History of concubinage in the Muslim world">concubine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202098-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In political affairs, Shajar al-Durr played a crucial role after the death of her first husband during the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a> against Egypt (1249–1250 AD). She became the <a href="/wiki/Sultana_(title)" title="Sultana (title)">sultana</a> of Egypt on 2 May 1250, marking the end of the Ayyubid reign and the start of the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several sources assert that Shajar al-Durr took the title of sultana (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سلطانة</span></span> <span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">sulṭānah</i></span>), the feminine form of <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meri2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meri2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the historical sources (notably <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wasil" title="Ibn Wasil">Ibn Wasil</a>) and on Shajar al-Durr's only extant coin, she is named as “sultan.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202060–62_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202060–62-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shajar al-Durr was of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conclusion_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conclusion-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> origin,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and described by historians as a beautiful, pious and intelligent woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was purchased as a slave by <a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">As-Salih Ayyub</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> before he became a Sultan and accompanied him and Mamluk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukn_al-Din_Baybars_al-Salihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Salihi (page does not exist)">Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Salihi</a> (not the <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> who became a Sultan) to <a href="/wiki/Al_Karak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Karak">Al Karak</a> during his detention there in 1239.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later when As-Salih Ayyub became a Sultan in 1240 she went with him to Egypt and gave birth to their son Khalil who was called al-Malik al-Mansour.<sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some time after the birth, As-Salih Ayyub married her.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1249, As-Salih Ayyub, who was gravely sick in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, returned to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and went to Ashmum-Tanah, near <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after he heard that King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> had assembled a crusader army in <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and was about to launch an attack against Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1249, the crusaders landed in the abandoned town of Damietta,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the mouth of the river <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>. As-Salih Ayyub was carried on a stretcher to his palace in the better-protected town of <a href="/wiki/Al_Mansurah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Mansurah">Al Mansurah</a> where he died on 22 November 1249 after ruling Egypt for nearly 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shajar al-Durr informed Emir <a href="/wiki/Fakhr_ad-Din_ibn_as-Shaikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fakhr ad-Din ibn as-Shaikh">Fakhr ad-Din ibn as-Shaikh</a> (commander of all the Egyptian army) and Tawashi Jamal ad-Din Muhsin (the chief eunuch who controlled the palace) of the Sultan's death but as the country was under attack by the crusaders they decided to conceal his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coffined body of the Sultan was transported in secret by boat to the castle on <a href="/wiki/Al-Rudah_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rudah island">al-Rudah island</a> in the Nile.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the deceased Sultan had not left any testimony concerning who should succeed him after his death,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Faris_ad-Din_Aktai" class="mw-redirect" title="Faris ad-Din Aktai">Faris ad-Din Aktai</a> was sent to <a href="/wiki/Hasankeyf" title="Hasankeyf">Hasankeyf</a> to call <a href="/wiki/Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">al-Muazzam Turanshah</a>, the son of the deceased Sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eyewitness observers who were alive and in Egypt at the time of the Sultan's death state that documents were forged by a servant who could copy the Sultan's handwriting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202098-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emir Fakhr ad-Din began issuing degrees and giving Sultanic orders<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this small circle of advisors succeeded in convincing the people and the other government officials that the Sultan was only ill rather than dead. Shajar al-Durr continued to have food prepared for the sultan and brought to his tent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstone2009169_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstone2009169-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High officials, the Sultan's Mamluks and soldiers were ordered – by the will of the "ill" Sultan – to swear an oath of loyalty to the Sultan, his heir Turanshah<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fakhr ad-Din Yussuf.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defeat_of_the_Seventh_Crusade">Defeat of the Seventh Crusade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Defeat of the Seventh Crusade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">Battle of Mansurah (1250)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seventh_crusade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seventh_crusade.jpg/220px-Seventh_crusade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seventh_crusade.jpg/330px-Seventh_crusade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seventh_crusade.jpg/440px-Seventh_crusade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Louis IX on a ship departing from Aigues-Mortes, for the Seventh Crusade</figcaption></figure> <p>The news of the death of as-Salih Ayyub reached the crusaders in Damietta<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with the arrival of reinforcements led by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Count_of_Poitou" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso, Count of Poitou">Alphonse, Count of Poitou</a>, the brother of King Louis IX, they decided to march on Cairo. A crusader force led by Louis IX's other brother <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert I of Artois">Robert I of Artois</a> crossed the canal of Ashmum (known today as Albahr Alsaghir) and attacked the Egyptian camp in Gideila, two miles (3 km) from Al Mansurah. Emir Fakhr ad-Din was killed during the sudden attack and the crusader force advanced toward the town of Al Mansurah. Shajar al-Durr agreed to <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a>'s plan to defend Al Mansurah.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crusader force was trapped inside the town, <a href="/wiki/Robert_I,_Count_of_Artois" title="Robert I, Count of Artois">Robert of Artois</a> was killed and the crusader force was annihilated<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by an Egyptian force and the townspeople, led by the men who were about to establish the state which would dominate the southern Mediterranean for decades: Baibars al-Bunduqdari, <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Izz al-Din Aybak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qalawun" title="Qalawun">Qalawun al-Alfi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1250 the dead Sultan's son Al-Muazzam Turanshah arrived in Egypt and was enthroned at Al Salhiyah<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as he had no time to go to Cairo. With his arrival, Shajar al-Durr announced the death of as-Salih Ayyub. Turanshah went straight to Al Mansurah<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 6 April 1250 the crusaders were entirely defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">Battle of Fariskur</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a> was captured. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_Turanshah">Conflict with Turanshah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Conflict with Turanshah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once the Seventh Crusade was defeated and Louis IX was captured, troubles began between Turanshah on one side and Shajar al-Durr and the Mamluks on the other. Turanshah, knowing he would not have full sovereignty while Shajar al-Durr, the Mamluks and the old guards of his late father were around, detained a few officials and started to replace old officials, including the deputy Sultan,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his own followers who had come with him from Hasankeyf.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then sent a message to Shajar al-Durr while she was in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> warning her and requesting her to hand over to him the wealth and jewels of his late father.<sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The request and manners of Turanshah distressed Shajar al-Durr. When she complained to the Mamluks about Turanshah's threats and ungratefulness,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Mamluks, particularly their leader Faris ad-Din Aktai, were enraged.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Turanshah used to drink alcohol and when drunk he abused the <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">bondmaids</a> of his father and threatened the Mamluks.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turanshah was assassinated by <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> and a group of Mamluk soldiers at <a href="/wiki/Faraskur" title="Faraskur">Fariskur</a> on 2 May 1250. He was the last of the Ayyubid Sultans.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign_as_Sultan">Reign as Sultan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reign as Sultan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rise to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg/220px-%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg/330px-%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg/440px-%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>A sketch from 1966 depicting Shajar al-Durr</figcaption></figure> <p>After the assassination of Turanshah, the Mamluks and Emirs met at the Sultanic Dihliz<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and decided to install Shajar al-Durr as the new monarch with Izz al-Din Aybak as Atabeg (commander in chief). Shajar al-Durr was informed of this at the Citadel of the Mountain in Cairo<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shajar al-Durr took the royal name "al-Malikah Ismat ad-Din Umm-Khalil Shajar al-Durr" with a few additional titles such as "Malikat al-Muslimin" (Queen of the Muslims) and "Walidat al-Malik al-Mansur Khalil Emir al-Mo'aminin" (Mother of al-Malik al-Mansur Khalil Emir of the faithful). She was mentioned in the Friday prayers in mosques with names including "Umm al-Malik Khalil" (Mother of al-Malik Khalil) and "Sahibat al-Malik as-Salih" (Wife of al-Malik as-Salih). Coins were minted with her titles and she signed the decrees with the name "Walidat Khalil".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the names of her late husband and her dead son attempted to gain respect and legitimacy for her reign as an heir of the Sultanate. </p><p>After paying homage to Shajar al-Durr, Emir Hossam ad-Din was sent to King Louis IX, who was still imprisoned in Al Mansurah, and it was agreed that Louis IX would leave Egypt alive after paying half of the ransom imposed on him earlier and surrendering Damietta in exchange for his life.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis surrendered Damietta and sailed to <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> On 8 May 1250, accompanied by about 12,000 freed war prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflict_with_the_Ayyubids">Conflict with the Ayyubids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Conflict with the Ayyubids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>News of the murder of al-Muazzam Turanshah and the inauguration of Shajar al-Durr as the new Sultana reached Syria. The Syrian Emirs were asked to pay homage to Shajar al-Durr but they refused and the Sultan's deputy in Al Karak rebelled against Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian Emirs in Damascus gave the city to <a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a> the Ayyubid Emir of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> and the Mamluks in Cairo responded by arresting the Emirs who were loyal to the Ayyubids in Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to the Ayyubids in Syria, the <i>Abbasid</i> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27_sim" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Musta' sim">al-Musta' sim</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> also rejected the Mamluk move in Egypt and refused to recognize Shajar al-Dur as a monarch. Their reason was due to the gender of Shajar al-Durr, and the ruler of Baghdad noted that Islam did not approve of ruling women, stating that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> condemned female rulers with the word: "Woe unto nations governed by women!"<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abbasid Caliph al-Musta' sim sent a message from Baghdad to the Mamluks in Egypt that said: "If you do not have men there tell us so we can send you men."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The refusal of the Caliph to recognize Shajar al-Durr as the new Sultana was a great setback to the Mamluks in Egypt as the custom during the Ayyubid era was that the Sultan could gain legitimacy only through the recognition of the Abbasid Caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mamluks, therefore, decided to install Izz al-Din Aybak as a new Sultan. He married Shajar al-Durr who abdicated and passed the throne to him after she had ruled Egypt as Sultana for about three months.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the period of Shajar al-Durr's rule as a monarch was of short duration, it witnessed two important events in history: one, the expelling of Louis IX from Egypt, which marked the end of the Crusaders' ambition to conquer the southern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean basin</a>; and two, the death of the Ayyubid dynasty and the birth of the Mamluk state which dominated the southern Mediterranean for decades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To please the Caliph and secure his recognition, Aybak announced that he was merely a representative of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To placate the Ayyubids in Syria the Mamluks nominated an Ayyubid child named al-Sharaf Musa as a co-sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this did not satisfy the Ayyubids and armed conflicts between the Mamluks and the Ayyubids broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Caliph in Baghdad, preoccupied with the Mongols who were raiding territories not far from his capital, preferred to see the matter settled peacefully between the Mamluks in Egypt and the Ayyubids in Syria. Through negotiation and mediation of the Caliph that followed the bloody conflict, the Mamluks who manifested military superiority<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reached an agreement with the Ayyubids that gave them control over southern <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> including <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the Syrian coast.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this agreement the Mamluks not only added new territories to their dominion but also gained recognition for their new state. </p><p>In addition to the conflict with the Ayyubids of Syria, the Mamluks successfully countered serious rebellions in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egypt" title="Middle Egypt">Middle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, Aybak, fearing the growing power of the Salihiyya Mamluks who, with Shajar al-Durr, had installed him as a Sultan, had their leader Faris ad-Din Aktai murdered. The murder of Aktai was followed instantly by a Mamluk exodus to Syria where they joined the Ayyubid an-Nasir Yusuf.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent Mamluks like Baibars al-Bunduqdari and Qalawun al-Alfi were among those Mamluks who fled to Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aybak became the sole and absolute ruler of Egypt after the Salihiyya Mamluks<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were the supporters of Shajar al-Durr<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> left Egypt and turned against him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg/250px-Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg/330px-Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg/500px-Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr_DSCF2771.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-durr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Shajar al-durr">Tomb of Shajar al-Durr</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>By 1257 disputes and suspicion had become part of the relations between Aybak,<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Sultan who was searching for security and supremacy, and his wife Shajar al-Durr, a former Sultana who had a strong will and managed a country on edge of collapse during an external invasion. Shajar al-Durr wanted sole rule of Egypt. She concealed Sultanate affairs from Aybak; she also prevented him from seeing his other wife and insisted that he should divorce her.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Aybak, who needed to form an alliance with a strong Emir who could help him against the threat of the Mamluks who had fled to Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> decided in 1257 to marry the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_Lu%27lu%27" title="Badr al-Din Lu'lu'">Badr al-Din Lu'lu'</a> the Ayyubid <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_al-Mousil" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir of al-Mousil">Emir of al-Mosul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Badr al-Din Lu'lu' warned Aybak that Shajar al-Durr was in contact with an-Nasir Yusuf in Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shajar al-Durr, feeling at risk<sup id="cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and betrayed by Aybak, the man whom she had made a Sultan, had him murdered by servants while he was taking a bath.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had ruled Egypt for seven years. Shajar al-Durr claimed that Aybak died suddenly during the night but his Mamluks (Mu'iziyya), led by <a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Qutuz</a>, did not believe her<sup id="cite_ref-Qasim,p.44_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qasim,p.44-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the servants involved confessed under torture. Shajar al-Durr and the servants were arrested and Aybak's Mamluks (the Mu'iziyya Mamluks) wanted to kill her, but the Salihiyya Mamluks protected her and she was taken to the Red Tower where she stayed.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The son of Aybak, the 15-year-old al-Mansur Ali, was installed by the Mu'ziyyah Mamluks as the new Sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Qasim,p.44_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qasim,p.44-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 April, Shajar al-Durr was stripped and beaten to death with clogs by the bondmaids of al-Mansur Ali and his mother. According to Egyptian legend, the modern Egyptian dessert known as <a href="/wiki/Om_Ali" title="Om Ali">Umm Ali</a> (Mother of Ali in Arabic) is named after al-Mansur Ali's mother who prepared the dish to celebrate the killing of Shajar.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her naked body was found lying outside the Citadel.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historian Ibn Iyas, Shajar al-Durr was dragged from her feet and thrown from the top naked, with a cloth around her waist. She stayed in the moat for three days, unburied, until one night a mob came and took off the cloth around her waist because it was silk with pearls and had a smell of musk.<sup id="cite_ref-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The servants who were involved in the killing of Aybak were executed.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shajar al-Durr was buried in <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-Durr" title="Mausoleum of Shajar al-Durr">a tomb</a>, not far from the <a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Ibn_Tulun" title="Mosque of Ibn Tulun">Mosque of Tulun</a>, which is a jewel of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> funerary architecture. Inside is a <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a> (prayer niche) decorated with a mosaic of the "tree of life," executed by artists brought from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> specifically for this commission. The wooden <a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">kufic</a> inscription that runs around the interior of her tomb, while damaged, is also of extremely fine craftsmanship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shajar Al-Durr was well known for adopting the indigenous architecture of <a href="/wiki/Bahri_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahri dynasty">Bahri</a> Mamluk tombs and combining them with <i><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></i> or schools of Islam. She was the first Islamic Sultan of Egypt to use this culturally-syncretized architecture. Her burial structures would continue to be adopted by leaders in the Mamluk Sultanate, which shows that madrasas of Islam were embraced, and they remained in use to the Bahri Mamluks long after Islamic rule.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shajar al-Durr used her wealth and power to add a tomb to her husband's urban madrasa, the Salihiyya, in 1250, and with this innovation, madrasas and many other charitably endowed architectural complexes became commemorative monuments, a practice that became popular among the Mamluk rulers and remains widespread today. In <i>Tree of Pearls</i> (2020), <a href="/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles">D. Fairchild Ruggles</a> writes: </p> <blockquote><p>“The initial madrasa foundation had enabled the patron to embellish the streetscape, stake a claim to the city, and display his generosity and piety in his lifetime. But while it bore his name and titles, its primary purpose was to provide a place for teaching and study. The tomb, in contrast, existed for the sole purpose of commemoration. Like all mausolea, it stood as a visible sign whose express purpose was to preserve the memory of its occupant for eternity. With the unification of the tomb and madrasa, a new ensemble was created in which both functions were enhanced: the tomb absorbing the charitable purpose of the adjacent school and capturing its thrum of activity, the madrasa gaining new political purpose as an embodied site of memory—a critically important Ayyubid memory, which we recall was what Shajar al-Durr could offer as the last remaining link to the deceased sultan. Moreover, the complex occupied a more highly charged urban space than previous tombs and transformed the city around it, projecting into and defining the space of the street, its handsome minaret and large dome demanding that people pay attention.”<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202098-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>She also built a <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Shajar_al-durr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mausoleum of Shajar al-durr">mausoleum</a> for herself, sometime between 1250 and her death in 1257. Part of a larger charitable complex, only the tomb survives today, and it has recently been restored by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athar_Lina_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athar Lina Foundation (page does not exist)">Athar Linna Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although built outside the walls of the Fatimid city, this tomb was—like the tomb she had built for Sultan Salih—an extraordinary and innovative structure. Ruggles writes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is commonly known that inscriptions provide an important means of communication in Islamic art and that images of people and animals are avoided altogether in Muslim religious settings such as mosques and tombs. Nonetheless, Shajar al-Durr managed to insert a clear reference to herself in the most highly charged place in any building where prayer occurs, the <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">mihrab</a>, where an image of an upright branch with pearlescent fruit recalls her name: <i>shajar</i> (tree) and <i>durr</i> (pearls).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles201563–78_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles201563–78-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishing_the_Mamluk_dynasty">Establishing the Mamluk dynasty</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Establishing the Mamluk dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a manumitted slave who was not of the Ayyubid line, Shajar al-Durr has the distinction of having been the first Mamluk ruler of Egypt and Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles2020141–142_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles2020141–142-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aybak and Shajar al-Durr firmly established the Mamluk dynasty that would ultimately repulse the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a>, expel the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusaders</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, and remain the most powerful political force in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> until the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Egyptian_folklore">In Egyptian folklore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In Egyptian folklore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shajar al-Durr is one of the characters of <a href="/wiki/Sirat_al-Zahir_Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirat al-Zahir Baibars">Sirat al-Zahir Baibars</a> (Life of al-Zahir Baibars), a <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folkloric</a> <a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">epic</a> of thousands of pages<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was composed in Egypt during the early Mamluk era and took its final form in the early <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tale, which is a mix of fiction and fact, reflects the fascination of Egyptian common people for both Baibars and Shajar al-Durr. Fatma Shajarat al-Durr, as the tale names Shajar al-Durr, was the daughter of Caliph al-Muqtadir whose kingdom in Baghdad was attacked by the Mongols.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was called Shajarat al-Durr (tree of pearls) because her father dressed her in a dress that was made of pearls. Her father granted her Egypt as she wished to be the Queen of Egypt and as-Salih Ayyub married her in order to stay in power as Egypt was hers. When Baibars was brought to the Citadel in Cairo, she loved him and treated him like a son and he called her his mother. Aybak al-Turkumani, a wicked man, came from al-Mousil to steal Egypt from Shajarat al-Durr and her husband al-Salih Ayyub. Shajarat al-Durr killed Aybak with a sword but, while fleeing from his son, she fell from the roof of the citadel and died.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Shajar al-Durr's name actually means Tree of Pearls, which is why, in poetry, her mention shows a fruit tree that is formed by pieces of mother-of-pearl.<sup id="cite_ref-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature_and_film">In literature and film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In literature and film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tayeb Salih in his story "The Wedding of Zein" mentioned "Shajar ad-Durr" as "the former slave girl who ruled Egypt in the thirteenth century." He has a character in the story say, "A man's a man even though he's drooling, while a woman's a woman even if she's as beautiful as Shajar ad-Durr."<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shajar al-Durr was the subject of a 1935 film by Ahmed Galal called <i><a href="/wiki/Shajarat_al-Durr_(film)" title="Shajarat al-Durr (film)">Shajarat al-Durr</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coins">Coins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following names and titles were inscribed on the coins of Shajar al-Durr: al-Musta'simiyah al-Salihiyah Malikat al-Muslimin walidat al-Malik al-Mansur Khalil Amir al-Mu'minin. (The Musta'simiyah the Salihiyah Queen of the Muslims Mother of King al-Mansur Khalil Emir of the faithful) and Shajarat al-Durr. The names of the Abbasid Chaliph were also inscribed on her coins: Abd Allah ben al-Mustansir Billah.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Egypt">List of rulers of Egypt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Her coins carried the name Shajarat al-Durr. See <a href="#Coins">below</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From her <a href="/wiki/Kunya_(Arabic)" title="Kunya (Arabic)">nickname</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أم خليل</span></span> <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʾUmm Khalīl</i></span>, 'mother of Khalil'. Also <i>Wālidat Khalīl</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">والدة خليل</span></span>), with the same meaning. Khalil was her dead son from Sultan as-Salih Ayyub. The names were used by Shajar al-Durr to legitimate and consolidate her position as an heir and ruler. She signed the official documents and sultanic decrees with the name <i>Wālidat Khalīl</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStewart1989" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, John (1989). <i>African States and Rulers</i>. London: McFarland. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89950-390-X"><bdi>0-89950-390-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+States+and+Rulers&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-89950-390-X&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abu Al-Fida, pp.66-87/Year 648H.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi,p.459/vol.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202098-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202098_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuggles2020">Ruggles 2020</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some historians regard Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans. – (Shayyal, p.115/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi described Shajar al-Durr as the first of the Mamluk sultans of Turkic origin. " This woman, Shajar al-Durr, was the first of the Turkish Mamluk kings who ruled Egypt " – (Al-Maqrizi, p.459/ vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Iyas regarded Shajar al-Durr as an Ayyubid. – (Ibn Iyas, p.89)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to J. D. Fage " it is difficult to decide whether this queen (Shajar al-Durr) was the last of the Ayyubids or the first of the Mamluks as she was connected with both the vanishing and the oncoming dynasty". Fage, p.37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meri2006-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Meri2006_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeri2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Josef_W._Meri" title="Josef W. Meri">Meri, Josef W.</a>, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LaV-IGZ8VKIC&pg=PA730"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 2: L–Z, index. New York: Routledge. p. 730. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96692-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-96692-4"><bdi>978-0-415-96692-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/314792003">314792003</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>... Shajar al-Durr was proclaimed sultana (the feminine form of sultan) of the Ayyubid dominions, although this was not recognized by the Syrian Ayyubid princes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=730&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F314792003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-96692-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLaV-IGZ8VKIC%26pg%3DPA730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles202060–62-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles202060–62_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuggles2020">Ruggles 2020</a>, pp. 60–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Secret History of Iran - Page 127</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+History+of+Iran+-+Page+127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEgger,_Vernon_O." class="citation book cs1">Egger, Vernon O. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1029232861"><i>A History of the Muslim World since 1260 : the Making of a Global Community</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-18229-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-18229-2"><bdi>978-1-315-18229-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1029232861">1029232861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Muslim+World+since+1260+%3A+the+Making+of+a+Global+Community&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1029232861&rft.isbn=978-1-315-18229-2&rft.au=Egger%2C+Vernon+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1029232861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Conclusion-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Conclusion_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315773896-22">"Conclusion"</a>, <i>Muslims and Crusaders</i>, Routledge, pp. <span class="nowrap">162–</span>180, 27 June 2014, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315773896-22">10.4324/9781315773896-22</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-77389-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-77389-6"><bdi>978-1-315-77389-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muslims+and+Crusaders&rft.atitle=Conclusion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E162-%3C%2Fspan%3E180&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315773896-22&rft.isbn=978-1-315-77389-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.4324%2F9781315773896-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles2020-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles2020_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuggles2020">Ruggles 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, Ibn Taghri and Abu Al-Fida regarded Shajar al-Durr as Turkic. Al-Maqrizi and Abu Al-Fida, however, mentioned that some believed she was of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> origin. (Al-Maqrizi, p. 459/vol.1) – (Ibn Taghri,p.102-273/vol.6)- (Abu Al-Fida, pp.68-87/Year 655H)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Yürekli, Tülay (2011), The Pursuit of History (International Periodical Research Series of Adnan Menderes University), Issue 6, Page 335, The Female Members of the Ayyubid Dynasty, Online reference: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215221257/http://www.tarihinpesinde.com/sayi06/16.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tarihinpesinde.com/sayi06/16.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tarihinpesinde.com%2Fsayi06%2F16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarsot2007" class="citation book cs1">Marsot, Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aRpq4zp3Y3oC"><i>A History of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46327-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46327-0"><bdi>978-1-139-46327-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Egypt%3A+From+the+Arab+Conquest+to+the+Present&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46327-0&rft.aulast=Marsot&rft.aufirst=Afaf+Lutfi+Al-Sayyid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaRpq4zp3Y3oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I1kYAQAAMAAJ"><i>Medieval Encounters: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Culture in Confluence and Dialogue</i></a>. E.J. Brill. 1996. p. 212.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Encounters%3A+Jewish%2C+Christian%2C+and+Muslim+Culture+in+Confluence+and+Dialogue&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI1kYAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ibn_Taghri,_pp.102-273/vol.6_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.459/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.419/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Abu Al-Fida, p.68-87/Year 655H ) ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shayyal, p.116/vol.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">in 1239, before he became a Sultan, and during his conflict with his brother <a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">al-Malik al-Adil</a>, as As-Salih Ayyub was captive in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> and detained in castle of Al Karak. He was accompanied by a Mamluk named Rukn al-Din Baybars and Shajar al-Durr and their son Khalil. (Al-Maqrizi, p.397-398/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi's events of the year 638H ( 1240 C.E.) – p.405/vol.1. ) – ( Al-Maqrizi, p.404/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as-Salih Ayyub, after the birth of his son Khalil, married Shajar al-Durr. (Al-Maqrizi, pp.397-398/vol.1/ note 1. )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p. 437/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As-Salih Ayyub due to his serious disease was unable to ride a horse, he was carried to Egypt on a stretcher. (Shayyal,p.95/vol.2) – (Al-Maqrizi, p.437/vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was believed that <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> informed As-Salih Ayyub about Louis's plan. (Shayyal, p.95/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Egyptian garrison of Damietta led by emir Fakhr ad-Din left the town and went to Ashmum-Tanah and were followed by its population before the landing of the crusade troops. (Al-Maqrizi, pp.438-439/vol.1) – (Abu Al-Fida,pp.66-87/ Year 647H) – Probably Fakhr ad-Din withdrew from Damietta because he thought the Sultan has died as he was not receiving messages from him for some time. (Shayyal, p.97/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also the crusade chronicler Lord of Joinville mentioned that Damiette was abandoned: " The Saracens thrice sent word to the Sultan by carrier-pigeons that the King had landed, without getting any answer, for the Sultan was in his sickness; so they concluded that the Sultan must be dead, and abandoned Damietta. " and " The Turks made a blunder in leaving Damietta, without cutting the bridge of boats, which would have put us to great inconvenience." ( Lord of Joinville, parg. 72./Cha.VI/part II )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Al-Maqrizi, pp.439-441/vol.2) – (Abu Al-Fida, p.68-87/Year 647H) – (Shayyal, p.98/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.444/vol.1_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.444/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Al-Maqrizi, p.441/vol.1) – (Shayyal,p.98/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castle of al-Rudah ( Qal'at al-Rudah ) was built by As-Salih Ayyub on the island of al-Rudah in Cairo. It was used as an abode for his Mamluks.(Al-Maqrizi,p.443/vol1). Later, Sultan Aybak buried As-Salih Ayyub in the tomb which was built by as-Salih before his death near his <a href="/wiki/Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a> in the district of Bain al-Qasrain in Cairo. (Al-Maqrizi, p. 441/vol.1) – See also <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Aybak</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Abu Al-Fida, p.68-87/Death of as-Salih Ayyub)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.445/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Muazzam Turanshah was the deputy of his Father ( the Sultan ) in Hasankeyf.(Ibn taghri, pp. 102-273/vol.6/year 646)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Abu Al-Fida and Al-Maqrizi, Shajar al-Durr used also a servant named Sohail in faking the Sultanic documents. ( Abu Al-Fida, p.68-87/Year 647H) – ( Al-Maqrizi, p.444/vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstone2009169-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstone2009169_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstone2009">Goldstone 2009</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn taghri, pp. 102-273/vol.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As as-Salih Ayyub made no testimony concerning his successor, by this action, Shajar al-Durr made Turanshah an heir after the Sultan's death.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commander in chief. See also <a href="/wiki/Atabeg" title="Atabeg">Atabeg</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shayyal/p.98/vol.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">News of the death of the Sultan were leaking. Some people at the Egyptian camp knew about the death of as-Salih Ayyub. When the vice-Sultan Hossam Ad-Din doubted about a Sultanic sign made by the servant Sohail he was informed by some of his men at the camp that the Sultan was dead. People noticed that Emir Fakhr ad-Din was acting as a sovereign so they knew that the Sultan was dead but not dared to speak out. (Al-Maqrizi,pp.444-445/vol.1). According to Abu Al-Fida many people knew the Sultan was dead when messengers were sent to Hasankeyf to call Turanshah. ( Abu Al-Fida/pp.66-87/Death of as-Salih Ayyub.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Qasim,p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Al-Maqrizi, about 1500 crusaders were killed. ( Al-Maqrizi, p.448/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Matthew Paris, Only 2 Templars, 1 Hospitaller and one 'contemptible person' escaped. ( Matthew Paris, LOUIS IX`S CRUSADE.p.147 / Vol.5 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">They were led by their leader Faris Ad-Din Aktai. (Sadawi, p.12)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">the coronation judge Badr ad-Din al-Sinjari waited for Turanshah in Gaza where. From Gaza they went to Al Salhiyah where they were received by the Vice-sultan Hossam ad-Din. ( Al-Maqrizi, p. 449/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also 'As Salhiyah' in north Egypt, east of the Nile Delta. In <a href="/wiki/Sharqia_Governorate" title="Sharqia Governorate">Sharqia Governorate</a> now .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, pp. 449-450/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turanshah replaced the Vice-Sultan Hossam ad-Din with Jamal ad-Din Aqush. ( Al-Maqrizi, p.457/vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abu Al-Fida,pp.66-87/ Year 648H)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shajar al-Durr protected Egypt during the Seventh Crusade. She preserved the Ayyubid throne and made Turanshah a Sultan in his absence.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faris ad-Din Aktai was already angry of Turanshah because he did not promote him to the rank of Emir as he promised him when they were in Hasankeyf. ( Al-Maqrizi, p. 457/vol.1) – ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turanshah, when drunk, used to call the names of the Mamluks while cutting kindles with his sword and saying: " This is what I will do with the Bahriyya ". (Al-Maqrizi, p.457/vol.1) ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p. 458-459/ vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Ayyubid child who was only 6-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa was a powerless cosultan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dihliz was the royal tent of the Sultan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Citadel of the Mountain was the abode and court of the sultan in Cairo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.459/vo.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Al-Maqrizi, p.459/vol.1) – (Abu Al-Fida,pp.66-87/ Year 648H)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi,p.460/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Franks war prisoners included prisoners from older battles (Al-Maqrizi, p.460/vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.462/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi,pp.462-463/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ansah, H. (2010). Life, Death, and Community in Cairo's City of the Dead. Storbritannien: iUniverse. p.24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Al-Maqrizi, p.464/vol1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Egypt there was also objection from people who did not like Shajar al-Durr allowing Louis IX to depart from Egypt alive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shayyal,_p.115/vol.2_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shayyal, p.115/vol.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Despite the fact that the Ayyubids ruled as independent monarchs, they were spiritually royal to the Abbasid <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a> It took the Mamluks some years till they could adjust this point. In 1258 the Abbasid Caliphate was destroyed with Baghdad by the Mongols. During the reign of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Baibars">Baibars</a> a puppet Abbasid Caliphate was installed in Egypt which gave the Mamlukes full independence and freedom from any external power ( Shayyal, p.109/vol.2 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.463/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi, p.464/vol.1 ) ( Shayyal, p.115/vol.2 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-malik Sharaf Muzafer al-Din Musa was a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">al-Malik al-Kamil</a>. (Al-Maqrizi, p.464/vol.1) – (Shayal, p.115/ vol.2) – (Ibn Taghri, pp.103-273/ The Sultanate of al-Muizz Aybak al-Turkumani) – ( Abu Al-Fida, pp.68-87/year 652H ) – See also <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Aybak</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Aybak</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mamluk forces defeated the forces of the Ayyubid king an-Nasir Yusuf in all the battles. – See also <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Aybak</a> and <a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi, p. 479/vol.1 )( Shayyal, p. 116/vol.2 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1253 a serious rebellion led by Hisn al-Din Thalab in upper and middle Egypt was crashed by Aktai the leader of the Bahri Mamluks. See also <a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Aybak</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abu Al-Fida, pp.68-87/year 652H</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While some Mamluks like Baibars and Qalawun fled to Syria others fled to Al Karak, Baghdad and the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Sultanate_of_R%C3%BBm" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm">Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm</a>. ( Shayyal, p. 118/vol.2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salihiyya Mamluks were the Mamluks of as-Salih Ayyub.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Asily,p.18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Maqrizi,_p.493/vol.1_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aybak had another wife known by the name "Umm Ali". She was the mother of al-Mansur Ali who became a Sultan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shayal, p.119/ vol.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1 ) – ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p. 494/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Al-Maqrizi, Shajar al-Durr sent a gift to an-Nasir Yusuf with a message that said she will kill Aybak and marry him and make him a Sultan.( Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Al-Maqrizi, Aybak was planning to kill Shajar al-Durr. ( Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1 ) – ( Abu Al-Fida, pp.68-87/year 655H )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Al-Maqrizi, Aybak called Shajar al-Durr for help while the servants were killing him. Shajar al-Durr ordered the servants to let him but a servant named Mohsin al-Jojri roared to her : ' If we let him he would kill both you and us '. – ( Al-Maqrizi, p,493/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qasim,p.44-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qasim,p.44_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qasim,p.44_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Qasim,p.44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Maqrizi, p.494/vol.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Al-Maqrizi, during that night Shajar al-Durr sent the finger and ring of Aybak to Izz ad-Din Aybak al-Halabi asking him to take over the power but he refused. (Al-Maqrizi, p. 494/vol.1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Ibn Taghri, Shajar al-Durr asked Izz ad-Din Aybak al-Halabi and Emir Jamal ad-Din Ibn Aydghodi to take over the power but both refused. ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">( Al-Maqrizi, p.493/vol.1 ) – ( Abu Al-Fida, pp.68-87/year 655H ) – ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Red Tower was built at the Citadel by al-Malik al-Kamil.( Al-Maqrizi, p.494/note 2 /vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Abu Al-Fida,pp.66-87/ Year 647H) – (Al- Maqrizi, p.495) – ( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hankir, Zahra (September 25, 2018). "The Legend of Om Ali | Egypt's Resilient National Dessert". Amuse. Vice Media. Archived from the original on February 7, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Al-Maqrizi, p.494/vol.1)-( Ibn Taghri, pp.102-273/vol.6 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meri 2006, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hk9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA730">p.730</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irwin 1986, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jgOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA29">p. 29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cairo:_The_City_Victorious_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodenbeck2000" class="citation book cs1">Rodenbeck, Max (January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aucpress.com/p-3007-cairo.aspx"><i>Cairo: The City Victorious</i></a> (English ed.). Middle East: AUC Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">73–</span>75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789774245640" title="Special:BookSources/9789774245640"><bdi>9789774245640</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cairo%3A+The+City+Victorious&rft.place=Middle+East&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E75&rft.edition=English&rft.pub=AUC+Press&rft.date=2000-01&rft.isbn=9789774245640&rft.aulast=Rodenbeck&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aucpress.com%2Fp-3007-cairo.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition to Mohsin al-Jojri, 40 servants were executed. ( Al-Maqrizi, p. 494/vol.1 )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBehrens-Abouseif1989" class="citation book cs1">Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (1989). <i>Islamic Architecture in Cairo</i>. BRILL.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Architecture+in+Cairo&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Behrens-Abouseif&rft.aufirst=Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atharlina.com/projects/dome-of-shajar-al-durr-conservation-project/">"Dome of Shajar al-Durr Conservation Project"</a>. <i>Al Atharlina Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Atharlina+Foundation&rft.atitle=Dome+of+Shajar+al-Durr+Conservation+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatharlina.com%2Fprojects%2Fdome-of-shajar-al-durr-conservation-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles201563–78-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles201563–78_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuggles2015">Ruggles 2015</a>, pp. 63–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuggles2020141–142-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuggles2020141–142_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRuggles2020">Ruggles 2020</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The edition that was printed in Cairo in 1923 is more than 15.000 pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Sirat_al-Zahir_Baibars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirat al-Zahir Baibars">Sirat al-Zahir Baibars</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition, Sirat al-Zahir Baibars mentioned that it was also said that Shajarat al-Durr was the daughter of Caliph al- Muqtadir's father al-Kamil Billah from a bondmaid but she was adopted by al-Muqtadir.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sirat al-Zahir Baibars</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalih1999" class="citation book cs1">Salih, al-Tayyib (January 1999). <i>The wedding of Zein & other stories</i> (English ed.). Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-435-90047-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-435-90047-1"><bdi>0-435-90047-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+wedding+of+Zein+%26+other+stories&rft.place=Portsmouth%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.pages=120&rft.edition=English&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=1999-01&rft.isbn=0-435-90047-1&rft.aulast=Salih&rft.aufirst=al-Tayyib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQassem2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Qassem" title="Mahmoud Qassem">Qassem, Mahmoud</a> (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mo5EDwAAQBAJ&q=%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1&pg=PA85"><i>موسوعة الأفلام العربية - المجلد الثاني ("Arabic Movies Encyclopedia"), vol. 2</i></a>. Cairo: e-Kutub. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780583228" title="Special:BookSources/9781780583228"><bdi>9781780583228</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%28%22Arabic+Movies+Encyclopedia%22%29%2C+vol.+2&rft.place=Cairo&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=e-Kutub&rft.date=2017-12&rft.isbn=9781780583228&rft.aulast=Qassem&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmo5EDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%2B%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9%2B%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZaki2019" class="citation news cs1">Zaki, Mohamed Tohamy (26 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youm7.com/story/2019/2/26/%D9%85%D9%86-84-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9/4154121">"من 84 سنة.. عرض أول فيلم ناطق فى السينما المصرية.. تعرف على أبطاله"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Youm7" title="Youm7">Youm7</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Youm7&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%86+84+%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9..+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82+%D9%81%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9..+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.aulast=Zaki&rft.aufirst=Mohamed+Tohamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youm7.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F2%2F26%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-84-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B6-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%2585-%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582-%25D9%2581%25D9%2589-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9%2F4154121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahdi,pp. 68–69</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Fida">Abu al-Fida</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Concise_History_of_Humanity_or_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Concise History of Humanity or Chronicles">The Concise History of Humanity</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">Al-Maqrizi</a>, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.</li> <li>Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.</li> <li>Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab,Cairo 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-241-175-X" title="Special:BookSources/977-241-175-X">977-241-175-X</a>.</li> <li>Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Iyas" title="Ibn Iyas">Ibn Iyas</a>, Badai Alzuhur Fi Wakayi Alduhur, abridged and edited by Dr. M. Aljayar, Almisriya Lilkitab, Cairo 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-419-623-6" title="Special:BookSources/977-419-623-6">977-419-623-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taghri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taghri">Ibn Taghri</a>, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968</li> <li>History of Egypt, 1382–1469 A.D. by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954</li> <li>Asly, B., al-Zahir Baibars, Dar An-Nafaes Publishing, Beirut 1992</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldstone2009" class="citation book cs1">Goldstone, Nancy (2009). <i>Four Queens: The Provençal Sisters Who Ruled Europe</i>. London: Phoenix Paperbacks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Queens%3A+The+Proven%C3%A7al+Sisters+Who+Ruled+Europe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+Paperbacks&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Goldstone&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sadawi. H, Al-Mamalik, Maruf Ikhwan, Alexandria.</li> <li>Mahdi,Dr. Shafik, Mamalik Misr wa Alsham ( Mamluks of Egypt and the Levant), Aldar Alarabiya, Beirut 2008</li> <li>Shayyal, Jamal, Prof. of Islamic history, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_wqaKAAACAAJ">Tarikh Misr al-Islamiyah</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (History of Islamic Egypt), dar al-Maref, Cairo 1266, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-02-5975-6" title="Special:BookSources/977-02-5975-6">977-02-5975-6</a></li> <li>Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, Printed by Mustafa al-Saba, Cairo 1923. Repulished in 5 volumes by Alhay'ah Almisriyah, Editor <a href="/wiki/Gamal_El-Ghitani" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal El-Ghitani">Gamal El-Ghitani</a>, Cairo 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-01-4642-0" title="Special:BookSources/977-01-4642-0">977-01-4642-0</a></li> <li>Sirat al-Zahir Baibars, assembled H. Johar, M. Braniq, A. Atar, Dar Marif, Cairo 1986, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/977-02-1747-6" title="Special:BookSources/977-02-1747-6">977-02-1747-6</a></li> <li>The chronicles of Matthew Paris ( Matthew Paris: Chronica Majora ) translated by Helen Nicholson 1989</li> <li>The Memoirs of the Lord of Joinville, translated by Ethel Wedgwood 1906</li> <li>The New <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, Macropædia,H.H. Berton Publisher,1973–1974</li> <li>Meri, Josef W. (Editor). <i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC"><i>web page</i></a></li> <li>Perry, Glenn Earl. <i>The History of Egypt – The Mamluk Sultanate</i>. Greenwood Press, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yKDhFiRYcawC&pg=PA49"><i>page 49</i></a></li> <li>Qasim, Abdu Qasim Dr., Asr Salatin AlMamlik ( era of the Mamluk Sultans ), Eye for human and social studies, Cairo 2007</li> <li>Irwin, Robert. <i>The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate, 1250–1382</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jgOAAAAQAAJ"><i>web page</i></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles">Ruggles, D. Fairchild</a> (2020). <i>Tree of Pearls: the extraordinary architectural patronage of the 13th-century Egyptian slave-queen Shajar al-Durr</i>. New York. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-087322-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-087322-6"><bdi>978-0-19-087322-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1155808731">1155808731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+of+Pearls%3A+the+extraordinary+architectural+patronage+of+the+13th-century+Egyptian+slave-queen+Shajar+al-Durr&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=98&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1155808731&rft.isbn=978-0-19-087322-6&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=D.+Fairchild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles">Ruggles, D. Fairchild</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/tmg/vol2/iss1/5/">"The Geographic and Social Mobility of Slaves: The Rise of Shajar al-Durr, a Slave-Concubine in 13th-century Egypt"</a>. <i>The Medieval Globe</i>. <b>2</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">41–</span>55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17302%2Ftmg.2-1.4">10.17302/tmg.2-1.4</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131500434">131500434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medieval+Globe&rft.atitle=The+Geographic+and+Social+Mobility+of+Slaves%3A+The+Rise+of+Shajar+al-Durr%2C+a+Slave-Concubine+in+13th-century+Egypt&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E55&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17302%2Ftmg.2-1.4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131500434%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=D.+Fairchild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.wmich.edu%2Ftmg%2Fvol2%2Fiss1%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuggles2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._Fairchild_Ruggles" title="D. Fairchild Ruggles">Ruggles, D. Fairchild</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archnet.org/sites/1544/publications/14154">"Visible and Invisible Bodies: The Architectural Patronage of Shajar al-Durr"</a>. <i>Muqarnas</i>. <b>32</b> (32): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22118993-00321P05">10.1163/22118993-00321P05</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=Visible+and+Invisible+Bodies%3A+The+Architectural+Patronage+of+Shajar+al-Durr&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22118993-00321P05&rft.aulast=Ruggles&rft.aufirst=D.+Fairchild&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchnet.org%2Fsites%2F1544%2Fpublications%2F14154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShajar+al-Durr" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Encyclopædia Britannica Online – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-22371/Egypt"><i>Growth of Mamluk armies</i></a></li> <li>Women in World History – <i>Female Heroes from the Time of the Crusades:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/heroine1.html"><i>Shagrat al-Durr</i></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Shajar al-Durr </div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b>  ?</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 28 April 1257</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">Al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Egypt">Sultan of Egypt</a> </b><br />2 May – July 1250 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aybak" title="Aybak">Izz al-Din Aybak</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_the_Ayyubid_dynasty393" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD700;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Template:Ayyubid dynasty"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Template talk:Ayyubid dynasty"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ayyubid dynasty"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Ayyubid_dynasty393" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ayyubid_rulers" title="List of Ayyubid rulers">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (1171–1250)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Uthman" title="Al-Aziz Uthman">al-Aziz Uthman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Nasir_al-Din_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad">al-Mansur Nasir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">al-Adil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">al-Kamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_II" title="Al-Adil II">al-Adil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shajar al-Durr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;"><a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emirs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> (1174–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din" title="Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din">al-Afdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">al-Adil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">al-Mu'azzam Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Dawud" title="An-Nasir Dawud">an-Nasir Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ismail,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus">as-Salih Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muazzam_Turanshah" title="Al-Muazzam Turanshah">al-Muazzam Turanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> (1177–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zahir_Ghazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahir Ghazi">az-Zahir Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aziz_Muhammad" title="Al-Aziz Muhammad">al-Aziz Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayfa_Khatun" title="Dayfa Khatun">Dayfa Khatun</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> (1175–1262)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirkuh" title="Shirkuh">Asad ad-Din Shirkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Shirkuh" title="Muhammad ibn Shirkuh">Muhammad ibn Shirkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mujahid" title="Al-Mujahid">al-Mujahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_Ibrahim" title="Al-Mansur Ibrahim">al-Mansur Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Homs" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Homs">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a> (1175–1341)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_I_Umar" title="Al-Muzaffar I Umar">al-Muzaffar I Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_I_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur I Muhammad">al-Mansur I Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_Kilij_Arslan" title="Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan">al-Nasir Kilij Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_II_Mahmud" title="Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud">al-Muzaffar II Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur_II_Muhammad" title="Al-Mansur II Muhammad">al-Mansur II Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_III_Mahmud" title="Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud">al-Muzaffar III Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abulfeda" title="Abulfeda">al-Mu'ayyad Abu al-Fida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_Muhammad" title="Al-Afdal Muhammad">al-Afdal Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Diyar_Bakr" title="Diyar Bakr">Diyar Bakr</a> (1180–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awhad_Ayyub" title="Al-Awhad Ayyub">al-Awhad Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_Ghazi" title="Al-Muzaffar Ghazi">al-Muzaffar Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil_Muhammad" title="Al-Kamil Muhammad">al-Kamil Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Yemen#Ayyubid_conquest_(1171–1260)" title="Yemen">Yemen and Hejaz</a> (1173–1228)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turan-Shah" title="Turan-Shah">Turan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughtakin_ibn_Ayyub" title="Tughtakin ibn Ayyub">Tughtakin ibn Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muizz_Ismail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muizz Ismail (page does not exist)">al-Muizz Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Nasir_Ayyub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Nasir Ayyub (page does not exist)">an-Nasir Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Muzaffar_Sulaiman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Muzaffar Sulaiman (page does not exist)">al-Muzaffar Sulaiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27ud_Yusuf" title="Al-Mas'ud Yusuf">al-Mas'ud Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFD700;">Emirs of <a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a> (1175–1260)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Muhammad_ibn_al-Muqaddam" title="Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam">Ibn al-Muqaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan-Shah" title="Turan-Shah">Turan-Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Shah" title="Farrukh Shah">Farrukhshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahramshah" title="Bahramshah">Bahramshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">al-Ashraf Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ismail,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus">as-Salih Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Salih_Ayyub" title="As-Salih Ayyub">as-Salih Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%CA%BFd_al-Din_al-Humaidi" title="Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi">Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nasir_Yusuf" title="An-Nasir Yusuf">an-Nasir Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464920#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464920#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464920#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000089896317">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/96993914">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1846959/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk8TJHwwwkjwRTGgD9hpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118867121">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82164355">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146089783">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146089783">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007498877905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620169506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/084623950">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&oldid=1280518688">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&oldid=1280518688</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1257_deaths" title="Category:1257 deaths">1257 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_queens_regnant" title="Category:13th-century queens regnant">13th-century queens regnant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_queens_consort" title="Category:13th-century queens consort">13th-century queens consort</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_women_regents" title="Category:13th-century women regents">13th-century women regents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_regents" title="Category:13th-century regents">13th-century regents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_beating" title="Category:Deaths by beating">Deaths by beating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muslims_of_the_Seventh_Crusade" title="Category:Muslims of the Seventh Crusade">Muslims of the Seventh Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Regents_of_Egypt" title="Category:Regents of Egypt">Regents of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_slaves" title="Category:Egyptian slaves">Egyptian slaves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Egyptian_people" title="Category:13th-century Egyptian people">13th-century Egyptian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Ayyubid_sultans_of_Egypt" title="Category:13th-century Ayyubid sultans of Egypt">13th-century Ayyubid sultans of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slaves_from_the_Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Category:Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate">Slaves from the Abbasid Caliphate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Remarried_royal_consorts" title="Category:Remarried royal consorts">Remarried royal consorts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_queens_regnant" title="Category:Egyptian queens regnant">Egyptian queens regnant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slave_concubines" title="Category:Slave concubines">Slave concubines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Female_regents_in_Africa" title="Category:Female regents in Africa">Female regents in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slaves_from_the_Ayyubid_Sultanate" title="Category:Slaves from the Ayyubid Sultanate">Slaves from the Ayyubid Sultanate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Egyptian_women" title="Category:Medieval Egyptian women">Medieval Egyptian women</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2021">Use dmy dates from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2023">Articles with dead external links from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 March 2025, at 01:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shajar_al-Durr&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shajar al-Durr</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>38 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-67gkm","wgBackendResponseTime":150,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.707","walltime":"0.922","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7127,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":87045,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9511,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":135123,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 805.683 1 -total"," 22.98% 185.137 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 22.84% 184.021 2 Template:Infobox"," 18.18% 146.511 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.01% 96.794 12 Template:Cite_book"," 10.35% 83.413 1 Template:Langx"," 9.77% 78.752 1 Template:Plainlist"," 9.00% 72.541 2 Template:Marriage"," 8.84% 71.256 1 Template:Ayyubid_dynasty"," 8.33% 67.150 1 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.396","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24430618,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBehrens-Abouseif1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgger,_Vernon_O.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstone2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarsot2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeri2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQassem2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodenbeck2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuggles2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuggles2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuggles2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalih1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaki2019\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Ayyubid dynasty\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Durr, Shajar\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 5,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-reg\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-684955989f-cgjbz","timestamp":"20250331175706","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shajar al-Durr","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shajar_al-Durr","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q464920","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q464920","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-03T16:04:31Z","dateModified":"2025-03-15T01:29:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/94\/Dinar_sheger_ed_durr.jpg","headline":"Egyptian Mamluk Sultana d.1257"}</script> </body> </html>