CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="tg" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои дақиқ — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref--excluded vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tgwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Январ","Феврал","Март","Апрел","Май","Июн","Июл","август","сентябр","Октябр","ноябр","Декабр"],"wgRequestId":"36ccb093-a1b6-4b24-9c30-a3ea2f0e8cd1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"Category","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":14,"wgPageName":"Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои_дақиқ","wgTitle":"Илмҳои дақиқ","wgCurRevisionId":1199214,"wgRevisionId":1199214,"wgArticleId":280444,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Улум аз рӯи гурӯҳҳо","Улуми расмӣ","Илмҳои табиатшиносӣ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои_дақиқ","wgRelevantArticleId":280444,"wgUserVariant":"tg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tg","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tg"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9015113","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","ext.categoryTree.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.categoryTree","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.sidebarRelated","ext.tmh.player","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=ext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои дақиқ — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="вироиш" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (tg)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tg.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg-Latn" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&variant=tg-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Барои Википедиа Atom Хабархон" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-14 ns-subject mw-editable page-Гурӯҳ_Илмҳои_дақиқ rootpage-Гурӯҳ_Илмҳои_дақиқ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Оғоза" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Оғоза</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Оғоза</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гаштан </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Бозгашт ба саҳифаи аслӣ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дар бораи лоиҳа ва чи корҳоро метавонед кард"><span>Вуруди корбарон</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ёфтани иттилооти пешзамина перомуни рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ"><span>Рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рӯйхати тағйиротҳо дар Википедия [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Тағйироти охирин</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Овардани як саҳифаи тасодуфӣ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Саҳифаҳои тасодуфӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Гузаштан ба Роҳнамо."><span>Роҳнамо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="донишномаи озод" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ҷустуҷӯ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" aria-label="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ҷустуҷӯ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зоҳир" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Зоҳир</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg" class=""><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%3A%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест" class=""><span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%3A%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%3A%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%3A%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Гурӯҳ</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Илмҳои дақиқ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateqoriya:D%C9%99qiq_elml%C9%99r" title="Kateqoriya:Dəqiq elmlər – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kateqoriya:Dəqiq elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Категория:Аныҡ фәндәр – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Категория:Аныҡ фәндәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Катэгорыя:Дакладныя навукі – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катэгорыя:Дакладныя навукі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83_l%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Категори:Билгала долу lилманаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Категори:Билгала долу lилманаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kateg%C3%B2r%C3%ABj%C3%B4:Dok%C5%82adn%C3%A9_%C3%B9czb%C3%AB" title="Kategòrëjô:Dokładné ùczbë – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kategòrëjô:Dokładné ùczbë" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8:%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Категори:Шутлавлă ăславсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Категори:Шутлавлă ăславсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categori:Gwyddorau_naturiol" title="Categori:Gwyddorau naturiol – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Categori:Gwyddorau naturiol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Sciences_exactes" title="Catégorie:Sciences exactes – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catégorie:Sciences exactes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A8gorie:Sciences_%C3%A8gzactes" title="Catègorie:Sciences ègzactes – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Catègorie:Sciences ègzactes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategory:Eksakte_wittenskip" title="Kategory:Eksakte wittenskip – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kategory:Eksakte wittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Ciencias_exactas" title="Categoría:Ciencias exactas – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Categoría:Ciencias exactas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1:%D5%83%D5%B7%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կատեգորիա:Ճշգրիտ գիտություններ – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատեգորիա:Ճշգրիտ գիտություններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="ОагӀат:Нийса Ӏилмаш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ОагӀат:Нийса Ӏилмаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D0%94%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Дәлдік ғылымдар – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Санат:Дәлдік ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Категория:Так илимдер – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Категория:Так илимдер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadorie:Ci%C3%A9ncias_eisatas" title="Catadorie:Ciéncias eisatas – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Catadorie:Ciéncias eisatas" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Категория:Точной тонат – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Категория:Точной тонат" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie:Exakte_wetenschop" title="Kategorie:Exakte wetenschop – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kategorie:Exakte wetenschop" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Exacte_wetenschap" title="Categorie:Exacte wetenschap – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Categorie:Exacte wetenschap" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoria:Sci%C3%A9ncias_exactas" title="Categoria:Sciéncias exactas – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Categoria:Sciéncias exactas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Ciencia_exacto" title="Category:Ciencia exacto – папиаменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Category:Ciencia exacto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папиаменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoria:Nauki_%C5%9Bcis%C5%82e" title="Kategoria:Nauki ścisłe – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kategoria:Nauki ścisłe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoria:Ci%C3%AAncias_exatas" title="Categoria:Ciências exatas – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Categoria:Ciências exatas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:%C8%98tiin%C8%9Be_exacte" title="Categorie:Științe exacte – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Categorie:Științe exacte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категория:Точные науки – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Категория:Точные науки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorie:Exakte_Wietenskup" title="Kategorie:Exakte Wietenskup – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kategorie:Exakte Wietenskup" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategoryjo:%C5%9A%C4%87is%C5%82e_nauki" title="Kategoryjo:Śćisłe nauki – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kategoryjo:Śćisłe nauki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori%C3%BDa:Takyk_ylymlar" title="Kategoriýa:Takyk ylymlar – туркманӣ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kategoriýa:Takyk ylymlar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BB_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Төркем:Төгәл фәннәр – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркем:Төгәл фәннәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категорія:Точні науки – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Категорія:Точні науки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorie:Exacte_weetnschap" title="Categorie:Exacte weetnschap – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Categorie:Exacte weetnschap" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9015113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Таҳрири пайвандҳои байнизабонӣ" class="wbc-editpage">Вироиши пайвандҳо</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-category" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B" title="Намоиши саҳифаи гурӯҳ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Гурӯҳ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&variant=tg&veaction=edit" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&variant=tg-latn&veaction=edit" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=history" title="Нусхаи охирини ин саҳифа. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҷаъбаи абзор" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҷаъбаи абзор</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Абзорҳо</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=history"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Умумӣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳое, ки ба ин саҳифа пайванд доранд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Пайвандҳо ба ин саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B" rel="nofollow" title="Тағйироти охир ин саҳифаҳое, ки ин саҳифа ба онҳо пайванд дорад [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Тағйироти монандӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tg" title="Фиристодани аксҳо ё медиа-файлҳо [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Фиристодани парванда</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳои вижа [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Саҳифаҳои вижа</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&oldid=1199214" title="Пайванди доимӣ ба ин нусха аз ин саҳифа"><span>Пайванди доимӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Иттилооти саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%2593%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D3%25AF%25D2%25B3%3A%25D0%2598%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D2%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B%25D0%25B8%25D2%259B%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Гирифтани URL-и кӯтоҳшуда</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25D0%2593%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D3%25AF%25D2%25B3%3A%25D0%2598%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D2%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B%25D0%25B8%25D2%259B%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%3A%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Нусхаи чопии ин саҳифа [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Нусхаи чопӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дигар лоиҳаҳо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9015113" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Categories" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Кумак</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr">    </div><div class="mw-category-generated" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-subcategories"> <h2>Зергурӯҳҳо</h2> <p>Ин гурӯҳ дар кул аз 2, 2 зергурӯҳҳо дорад. </p><div lang="tg" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>А</h3> <ul><li><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Ахтаршиносӣ" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%90%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Гурӯҳ:Ахтаршиносӣ">Ахтаршиносӣ</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 5 subcategories, 24 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(5 Гур., 24 P)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>И</h3> <ul><li><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Информатика" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гурӯҳ:Информатика">Информатика</a></bdi> <span title="Contains 3 subcategories, 2 pages, and 0 files" dir="ltr">(3 Гур., 2 P)</span></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><div id="mw-pages"> <h2>Мақолаҳо дар гурӯҳи "Илмҳои дақиқ"</h2> <p>Ин гурӯҳ шомили фақат саҳифаи зерин аст. </p><div lang="tg" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-category"><div class="mw-category-group"><h3>А</h3> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Агрофизика">Агрофизика</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои_дақиқ&oldid=1199214">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои_дақиқ&oldid=1199214</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Улум аз рӯи гурӯҳҳо">Улум аз рӯи гурӯҳҳо</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D3%A3" title="Гурӯҳ:Улуми расмӣ">Улуми расмӣ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Гурӯҳ:Илмҳои табиатшиносӣ">Илмҳои табиатшиносӣ</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 11 октябри 2020, 02:19 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. Ниг. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қоидаҳои истифодаро</a> барои маълумоти бештар.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Сиёсати ҳифзи асрор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Дар бораи Википедиа</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3">Такзибнома</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Таҳиягарон</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tg.wikipedia.org">Омор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Созишномаи куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%BC%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B8%D2%9B&veaction=edit&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Намуди мобилӣ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-j92nn","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.002","walltime":"0.003","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":1,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-67876799fc-mc7fh","timestamp":"20241127151926","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>