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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Syria&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Central government of Syria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote 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For political developments in Ba'athist Syria, see <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Politics of Ba'athist Syria">Politics of Ba'athist Syria</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Government_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Government of Syria">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. 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<span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Politics of Syria</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_(2024%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="491" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria" title="Coat of arms of Syria">Coat of arms of Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Polity type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional government">Transitional government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constitution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Constitution of Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Syria" title="Legislature of Syria">Interim Legislative Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meeting place</th><td class="infobox-data">Parliament Building</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presiding officer</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the People's Council of Syria">Speaker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive branch</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria#Presidential_elections" title="Elections in Syria">Direct popular vote</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currently</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Syria" title="Cabinet of Syria">Cabinet of Syria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data">Prime Minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Syria">Deputy Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">President</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ministries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_ministries_of_Syria" title="Government ministries of Syria">28</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:#EBEBEB;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judicial branch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Judiciary of Syria</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_of_Syria" title="Supreme Constitutional Court of 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_(2024%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Syria_%282024%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="491" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Syria" title="Cabinet of Syria">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Syria" title="List of presidents of Syria">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Syria" title="Vice President of Syria">Vice President</a> <dl><dd><i>Vacant</i></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Syria" title="List of prime ministers of Syria">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Syria">Deputy Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><i>Vacant</i></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Syria" title="Legislature of Syria">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Syria" title="Legislature of Syria">Interim Legislative Council</a> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_People%27s_Assembly_of_Syria" title="Speaker of the People's Assembly of Syria">Speaker</a>: <i>Vacant</i></span></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed plainlist"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;;text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Judicial_Council" title="High Judicial Council">High Judicial Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_of_Syria" title="Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria">Supreme Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Syria">Subdivisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Syria" title="Governorates of Syria">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Syria" title="Districts of Syria">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdistricts_of_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdistricts of Syria (page does not exist)">Subdistricts (Nahiyas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Syria" title="List of cities in Syria">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Villages_of_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villages of Syria (page does not exist)">Villages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria" title="Elections in Syria">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2007_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2007 Syrian presidential election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2024 Syrian parliamentary election">2024</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Asaad_Hassan_al-Shaybani" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani">Asaad Hassan al-Shaybani</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Syria" title="List of diplomatic missions of Syria">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Syria" title="List of diplomatic missions in Syria">in Syria</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationality_law" title="Syrian nationality law">Syrian nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_passport" title="Syrian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Syrian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Syrian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Syria" title="Visa policy of Syria">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">UN resolutions on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Syria" title="Template:Politics of Syria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Syria" title="Template talk:Politics of Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>politics of Syria</b> is currently in a transitional period led by the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Syrian transitional government</a>. The seat of the government is located in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. The previous government consisted of a <a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Assembly of Syria">legislative council</a> with 250 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 December 2024, after the successful <a href="/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives" title="2024 Syrian opposition offensives">Syrian rebel offensives</a> resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)" title="Fall of Damascus (2024)">fall of Damascus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime" title="Fall of the Assad regime">ouster</a> of former president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>, many former government officials under Assad's regime fled to neighboring countries for sanctuary. <a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a>, the dominant opposition faction, has tasked Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a> to head the transitional administration until 1 March 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transitional period is expected to last until 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syria is currently led by a transitional caretaker administration, which is expected to serve until 1 March 2025 when a more comprehensive transitional government is expected to be formed to oversee the rest of the transitional period until 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Main office-holders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">Since </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2">n/a </td> <td>29 January 2025 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Syria" title="Cabinet of Syria">Cabinet of Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_ministries_of_Syria" title="Government ministries of Syria">Government ministries of Syria</a></div> <p>The cabinet performs the day-to-day administrative functions of government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government#Members" title="Syrian transitional government">Syrian transitional government § Members</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syrian_transitional_government&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Caretaker Prime Minister Mohammad al-Bashir told <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> on 16 December 2024 that "for the time being" ministers from the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Salvation_Government" title="Syrian Salvation Government">Syrian Salvation Government</a> (SSG) would head <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Syria" title="Cabinet of Syria">national ministries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Portfolio </th> <th>Minister </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Armed_factions_in_the_Syrian_civil_war#Opposing_forces" title="Armed factions in the Syrian civil war">Faction</a> </th> <th><abbr title="References">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister of Syria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Bashir" title="Mohammed al-Bashir">Mohammed al-Bashir</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_ammonnews20241209_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_ammonnews20241209-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Administrative_Development_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Administrative Development (Syria)">Minister for Administrative Development</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fadi_al-Qassem" title="Fadi al-Qassem">Fadi al-Qassem</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Agrarian_Reform" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform">Minister for Agriculture and Agrarian Reform</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_al-Ahmad" title="Mohammad al-Ahmad">Mohammad al-Ahmad</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Syria)">Minister for Communications and Information Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussein_al-Masri" title="Hussein al-Masri">Hussein al-Masri</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Defense (Syria)">Minister for Defense</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Murhaf_Abu_Qasra" title="Murhaf Abu Qasra">Murhaf Abu Qasra</a> </td> <td>21 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Foreign_Trade_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade (Syria)">Minister for Economy and Foreign Trade</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basel_Abdul_Hannan" title="Basel Abdul Hannan">Basel Abdul Hannan</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_Reuters_new_rulers_free_market_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_Reuters_new_rulers_free_market-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Education (Syria)">Minister for Education</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nazir_al-Qadri" title="Nazir al-Qadri">Nazir al-Qadri</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Awqaf_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Awqaf (Syria)">Minister for Awqaf</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussam_Haj_Hussein" title="Hussam Haj Hussein">Hussam Haj Hussein</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electricity_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Electricity (Syria)">Minister for Electricity</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omar_Shaqrouq" title="Omar Shaqrouq">Omar Shaqrouq</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_SANA_electricity_minister_inspects_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_SANA_electricity_minister_inspects-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Finance (Syria)">Minister for Finance</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Abazaid" title="Mohammed Abazaid">Mohammed Abazaid</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (Syria)">Minister for Foreign Affairs and Expatriates</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asaad_Hassan_al-Shaibani" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaad Hassan al-Shaibani">Asaad Hassan al-Shaibani</a> </td> <td>21 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Intelligence_Service_(Syria)" title="General Intelligence Service (Syria)">Director of the General Intelligence Service</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anas_Khattab" title="Anas Khattab">Anas Khattab</a> </td> <td>26 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Customs_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Directorate of Customs (Syria)">Director of the General Directorate of Customs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qutaiba_Ahmed_Badawi" title="Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi">Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Scientific_Research_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Syria)">Minister for Higher Education and Scientific Research</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Moneim_Abdel_Hafez" title="Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez">Abdel Moneim Abdel Hafez</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Information (Syria)">Minister for Information</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_al-Omar" title="Mohammad al-Omar">Mohammad al-Omar</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_L24_SY_govt_officially-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Health (Syria)">Minister for Health</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Sharaa" title="Maher al-Sharaa">Maher al-Sharaa</a> <small>(acting)</small> </td> <td>16 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Interior (Syria)">Minister for Interior</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ali_Keda" title="Ali Keda">Ali Keda</a> </td> <td>19 January 2025 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Trade_and_Consumer_Protection_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection (Syria)">Minister for Internal Trade and Consumer Protection</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maher_Khalil_al-Hasan" title="Maher Khalil al-Hasan">Maher Khalil al-Hasan</a> <small>(acting)</small> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Justice (Syria)">Minister for Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shadi_al-Waisi" title="Shadi al-Waisi">Shadi al-Waisi</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Local_Administration_and_Environment" title="Ministry of Local Administration and Environment">Minister for Local Administration and Environment</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muslim" title="Mohamed Muslim">Mohamed Muslim</a> </td> <td>10 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #357E77;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Hay%27at_Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham">HTS</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_what2know_SY_caretaker_govt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Oil_and_Mineral_Resources_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Oil and Mineral Resources (Syria)">Minister for Oil and Mineral Resources</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghiyath_Diab" title="Ghiyath Diab">Ghiyath Diab</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Transport (Syria)">Minister for Transport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahaa_Aldeen_Shurm" title="Bahaa Aldeen Shurm">Bahaa Aldeen Shurm</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Water Resources (Syria)">Minister for Water Resources</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osama_Abu_Zaid" title="Osama Abu Zaid">Osama Abu Zaid</a> </td> <td>December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Head of Women's Affairs Office </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aisha_al-Dibs" title="Aisha al-Dibs">Aisha al-Dibs</a> </td> <td>22 December 2024 </td> <td><i>Incumbent</i> </td> <th style="background: #DCDCDC;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_women_key_role_says_minister_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_women_key_role_says_minister-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Syria" title="Legislature of Syria">Legislature of Syria</a></div> <p>An Interim Legislative Council is expected to be formed to act as Syria's <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> until a new constitution has been adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, the People's Assembly was Syria's legislature during the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist period</a>. It has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat <a href="/wiki/Constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency">constituencies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Syrian constitution</a> of 2012 introduced a multi-party system without guaranteed leadership of any political party.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the collapse of the Assad Regime following successful rebel offensives late 2024, the People's Assembly was suspended on 13 December 2024 by the transitional authorities and abolished on 29 January 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judicial branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Judiciary of Syria</a></div> <p>Syria's <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branches</a> includes the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_of_Syria" title="Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria">Supreme Constitutional Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/High_Judicial_Council" title="High Judicial Council">High Judicial Council</a>, the Court of Cassation, and the <a href="/wiki/Security_agency" title="Security agency">State Security</a> Courts. <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> jurisprudence is a main source of legislation and Syria's judicial system had elements of <a href="/wiki/Mecelle" title="Mecelle">Ottoman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic</a> laws. Syria had three levels of courts: courts of first instance, courts of appeals, and the constitutional court, the highest <a href="/wiki/Tribunal" title="Tribunal">tribunal</a>. Religious courts handle questions of personal and family law.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_organization_participation">International organization participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: International organization participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Foreign relations of Syria</a></div> <p>Syria is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Bank_for_Economic_Development_in_Africa" title="Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa">Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Fund_for_Economic_and_Social_Development" title="Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development">Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Arab_Economic_Unity" title="Council of Arab Economic Unity">Council of Arab Economic Unity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Customs_Cooperation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs Cooperation Council">Customs Cooperation Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Commission_for_Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia">Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">Group of 24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">International Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="International Chamber of Commerce">International Chamber of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">International Development Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Development_Bank" title="Islamic Development Bank">Islamic Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">International Fund for Agricultural Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies" title="International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies">International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Arab_Petroleum_Exporting_Countries" title="Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries">Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/UN_Commission_on_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Commission on Human Rights">UN Commission on Human Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/UN_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Conference on Trade and Development">UN Conference on Trade and Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/UN_Industrial_Development_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Industrial Development Organization">UN Industrial Development Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/UN_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Trade_Unions" title="World Federation of Trade Unions">World Federation of Trade Unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a>. </p><p>Syria's diplomats last sat on the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> (as a non-permanent member) in December 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPhillipsGritzner2010" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Douglas A.; Gritzner, Charles F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syria+News&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%3A+%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B6+%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyria.news%2F99405dd7-17122412_m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_SY_authorities_HTS_figures_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/21/syrias-new-rulers-appoint-hts-figures-as-foreign-defence-ministers">"Syrian authorities appoint HTS figures as foreign, defence ministers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i>. 21 December 2024. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131531801" class="extiw" title="d:Q131531801">Q131531801</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2024.12.21-235804/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/21/syrias-new-rulers-appoint-hts-figures-as-foreign-defence-ministers">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Syrian+authorities+appoint+HTS+figures+as+foreign%2C+defence+ministers&rft.date=2024-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2F21%2Fsyrias-new-rulers-appoint-hts-figures-as-foreign-defence-ministers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_Reuters_new_rulers_free_market-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_Reuters_new_rulers_free_market_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimour_Azhari2024" class="citation cs2">Timour Azhari (10 December 2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-new-rulers-back-shift-free-market-economy-business-leader-says-2024-12-10"><i>Exclusive: Syria's new rulers back shift to free-market economy, business leader says</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131421935" class="extiw" title="d:Q131421935">Q131421935</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2024.12.10-215218/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/syrias-new-rulers-back-shift-free-market-economy-business-leader-says-2024-12-10">archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Syria%26%2339%3Bs+new+rulers+back+shift+to+free-market+economy%2C+business+leader+says&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2024-12-10&rft.au=Timour+Azhari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyrias-new-rulers-back-shift-free-market-economy-business-leader-says-2024-12-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_SANA_electricity_minister_inspects-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_SANA_electricity_minister_inspects_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009">"Electricity Minister inspects work at Tishreen Thermal Power Plant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Arab_News_Agency" title="Syrian Arab News Agency">Syrian Arab News Agency</a></i>. 19 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241221141942/https://sanasyria.org/en/?p=343009">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syrian+Arab+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Electricity+Minister+inspects+work+at+Tishreen+Thermal+Power+Plant&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsanasyria.org%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D343009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yemend.com/news21005.html">"Syrian caretaker government to hike public sector salaries by 400 pct next month"</a>. <i>Yemen Details</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yemen+Details&rft.atitle=Syrian+caretaker+government+to+hike+public+sector+salaries+by+400+pct+next+month&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yemend.com%2Fnews21005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_EremNews_alSheybani_MinHealth_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u">"Appointment of Asaad Hassan al-Sheybani as Foreign Minister in the Syrian Transitional Government"</a>. <i>Erem News</i> (in Arabic). 21 December 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241221130812/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/cstgx6u">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Erem+News&rft.atitle=Appointment+of+Asaad+Hassan+al-Sheybani+as+Foreign+Minister+in+the+Syrian+Transitional+Government&rft.date=2024-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eremnews.com%2Fnews%2Farab-world%2Fcstgx6u&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241226201108/https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp">"تعيين أنس خطاب رئيساً لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة في سوريا"</a>. <i>تلفزيون سوريا</i> (in Arabic). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syria.tv/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7?amp">the original</a> on 26 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3+%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syria.tv%2F%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%258B-%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9/3435036">"سوريا.. أنس خطاب رئيسا لجهاز الاستخبارات العامة"</a>. <i>www.aa.com.tr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7..+%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B3+%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7+%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Far%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A3%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9%2F3435036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enabbaladi.net/730914/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81/">"الجمارك السورية تستبدل مديرين للمنافذ الحدودية"</a>. <i>عنب بلدي</i> (in Arabic). 25 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2024</span>. <q>في 18 من كانون الأول الحالي، صدر قرار عن مديرية الجمارك العامة، موقع من مديرها العام الجديد، قتيبة أحمد بدوي، يقضي بحل الضابطة الجمركية في سوريا بكافة مسمياتها وتشكيلاتها، ليصار فيما بعد إلى إعادة تشكيلها على الشكل الذي "يخدم المصلحة العامة".</q> [On 18 December, the General Customs Directorate issued a decision, signed by its new Director General, Qutaiba Ahmed Badawi, to dissolve the customs police in Syria with all its names and formations, to be reconstituted later in a manner that “serves the public interest.”]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A8+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B0+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2024-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enabbaladi.net%2F730914%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_ShaamNews_widespread_condemnation_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syrianobserver.com/syrian-actors/widespread-condemnation-of-sharaas-brother-appointment-as-minister-of-health-rejection-of-his-condescending-rhetoric-towards-revolutionary-organizations.html"><i>Widespread Condemnation of Sharaa's Brother Appointment as Minister of Health & Rejection of His Condescending Rhetoric Towards Revolutionary Organizations</i></a>, The Syrian Observer, 19 December 2024, <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131522512" class="extiw" title="d:Q131522512">Q131522512</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2024.12.21-121211/https://syrianobserver.com/syrian-actors/widespread-condemnation-of-sharaas-brother-appointment-as-minister-of-health-rejection-of-his-condescending-rhetoric-towards-revolutionary-organizations.html">archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Widespread+Condemnation+of+Sharaa%26%2339%3Bs+Brother+Appointment+as+Minister+of+Health+%26%2338%3B+Rejection+of+His+Condescending+Rhetoric+Towards+Revolutionary+Organizations&rft.pub=The+Syrian+Observer&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyrianobserver.com%2Fsyrian-actors%2Fwidespread-condemnation-of-sharaas-brother-appointment-as-minister-of-health-rejection-of-his-condescending-rhetoric-towards-revolutionary-organizations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syria.tv/تعيينات-جديدة-علي-كدة-وزيراً-للداخلية-ومحمد-عبد-الرحمن-محافظاً-لإدلب?amp">"New Appointments: Ali Keda as Interior Minister and Mohammad Abdulrahman as Governor of Idlib"</a>. <i>Syria TV</i> (in Arabic). 19 January 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syria+TV&rft.atitle=New+Appointments%3A+Ali+Keda+as+Interior+Minister+and+Mohammad+Abdulrahman+as+Governor+of+Idlib&rft.date=2025-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syria.tv%2F%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A8%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/274866312/xinhua-news--syrian-interim-govt-eyes-economic-reforms-assures-ample-strategic-reserves">"Syrian interim gov't eyes economic reforms, assures ample strategic reserves"</a>. <i>Big News Network.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+News+Network.com&rft.atitle=Syrian+interim+gov%27t+eyes+economic+reforms%2C+assures+ample+strategic+reserves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bignewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F274866312%2Fxinhua-news--syrian-interim-govt-eyes-economic-reforms-assures-ample-strategic-reserves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/news/2024/12/30/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF">"وزير النفط السوري يكشف التحديات وألمانيا تعلن مساعدات بعيدا عن الإدارة الجديدة"</a>. <i>الجزيرة نت</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%86%D8%AA&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86+%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2F30%2F%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2581%25D8%25B7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B6%25D8%25AD-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elbalad.news/6417473">"وزير النقل السوري: مطارات دمشق وحلب تقترب من استئناف استقبال الرحلات الجوية"</a>. <i>صدى البلد</i>. 17 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF&rft.atitle=%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%3A+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82+%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8+%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elbalad.news%2F6417473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nabd.com/s/148170530-4250cf/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B0-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7">"تلفزيون الخبر |"</a>. <i>موقع نبض</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9+%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B6&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1+%26%23124%3B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnabd.com%2Fs%2F148170530-4250cf%2F%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AD%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B0-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588-%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF-%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B0%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9%25D8%258C-%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2585%25D8%25A4%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D9%2584-%25D9%2588%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D9%2591%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_women_key_role_says_minister-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Syrian_transitional_government_AJE_women_key_role_says_minister_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/22/women-will-play-a-key-role-in-a-new-syria-says-minister">"Women will play a key role in a new Syria, says minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i>. 22 December 2024. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131541454" class="extiw" title="d:Q131541454">Q131541454</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/2024.12.23-001244/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/22/women-will-play-a-key-role-in-a-new-syria-says-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Women+will+play+a+key+role+in+a+new+Syria%2C+says+minister&rft.date=2024-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F12%2F22%2Fwomen-will-play-a-key-role-in-a-new-syria-says-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/29/syrias-ahmed-al-sharaa-named-president-for-transitional-period">https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/29/syrias-ahmed-al-sharaa-named-president-for-transitional-period</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034300/http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm">"SANA Syrian News Agency – Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SANA+Syrian+News+Agency+%E2%80%93+Constitution+of+the+Syrian+Arab+Republic+Approved+in+Popular+Referendum+on+February+27%2C+2012%2C+Article+8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2Feng%2F370%2F2012%2F02%2F28%2F401178.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241213-syria-new-leadership-suspends-constitution-parliament-for-3-months/">"Syria new leadership suspends constitution, parliament for 3 months"</a>. <i>Middle East Monitor</i>. 13 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Syria+new+leadership+suspends+constitution%2C+parliament+for+3+months&rft.date=2024-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20241213-syria-new-leadership-suspends-constitution-parliament-for-3-months%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm">"Syria (05/07)"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of State</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722082421/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/syria/85051.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Syria+%2805%2F07%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fsyria%2F85051.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014034300/http://sana.sy/eng/370/2012/02/28/401178.htm">The Syrian Constitution</a> accessed 13 November 2012</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241209011859/egov.sy">"Government of Syria portal before December 2024"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egov.sy">the original</a> on 9 December 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+of+Syria+portal+before+December+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegov.sy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Syria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_corridor" title="Levantine corridor">Levantine corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hureyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hureyra">Abu Hureyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Aswad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Syria">Ancient Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arameans" title="Arameans">Arameans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Achaemenid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid Syria">Seleucid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Roman Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_Empire" title="Palmyrene Empire">Palmyrene Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Byzantine Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Syria">Medieval Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest</a> (636)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Caliphal Syria <i><span style="font-size:85%;">(Bilad al-Sham)</span></i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulunid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulunid dynasty">Tulunid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhshidid_dynasty" title="Ikhshidid dynasty">Ikhshidid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Zangid dynasty">Zangid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdanid_dynasty" title="Hamdanid dynasty">Hamdanid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirdasid_dynasty" title="Mirdasid dynasty">Mirdasid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid Syria">Fatimid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saljuqid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Saljuqid Syria">Saljuqid Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Syria">Ayyubid Syria</a> (1174–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Syria">Mamluk Syria</a> (1260–1516)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early modern Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a> (1516–1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Syria" title="Modern history of Syria">Modern Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Arab kingdom</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haj_Fadel_Government" title="Haj Fadel Government">Haj Fadel Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate for Syria and Lebanon">French Mandate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Federation" title="Syrian Federation">Syrian Federation</a> (1922–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a> (1925–30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Syrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory Syrian Republic">Mandatory Republic</a> (1930–46)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_First_Syrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent First Syrian Republic">independent First Republic</a> (1946–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Second Republic</a> (1950–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a> (1963–2024) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government" title="Syrian transitional government">Post-Assad Syria</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Syria" title="Geography of Syria">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Syria" title="Template:Borders of Syria">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Syria" title="List of cities in Syria">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Syria" title="Districts of Syria">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Syria" title="Governorates of Syria">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Syria" title="List of rivers of Syria">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Syria" title="List of volcanoes in Syria">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira,_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia">Al-Jazira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lebanon_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Lebanon Mountains">Anti-Lebanon Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hermon" title="Mount Hermon">Hermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orontes_River" title="Orontes River">Orontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Syria" title="Southern Syria">Southern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Syria" title="Constitution of Syria">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Corruption in Syria">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Syria" title="List of presidents of Syria">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Syria" title="Vice President of Syria">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Syria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Ministers (Syria)">Council of Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Syria" title="Prime Minister of Syria">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Syria">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Syria" title="Elections in Syria">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria" title="Foreign relations of Syria">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights#Territorial_claims" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights claim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatay_Province#Turkish–Syrian_dispute" title="Hatay Province">Iskandaron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_ministries_of_Syria" title="Government ministries of Syria">Government ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Syria">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Syria" title="Judiciary of Syria">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Judicial_Council" title="High Judicial Council">High council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Constitutional_Court_of_Syria" title="Supreme Constitutional Court of Syria">Supreme Constitutional Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Council of Syria">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_People%27s_Council_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the People's Council of Syria">Speakers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Syria" title="List of political parties in Syria">Political parties</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party</a></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">national</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">regional command</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Front_(Syria)" title="National Progressive Front (Syria)">National Progressive Front</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_Change_and_Liberation" title="Popular Front for Change and Liberation">Popular Front for Change and Liberation</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Political status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria (region)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Syria" title="Terrorism in Syria">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Syria">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Army" title="Syrian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Air force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Air Defense Force">air defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Navy" title="Syrian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(Syria)" title="Chief of the General Staff (Syria)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Syria and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Syria" title="Economy of Syria">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Syria" title="Agriculture in Syria">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Syria" title="Central Bank of Syria">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Syria" title="List of companies of Syria">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Syria" title="Industry in Syria">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Syria" title="International rankings of Syria">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_pound" title="Syrian pound">Pound <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Securities_Exchange" title="Damascus Securities Exchange">Securities Exchange <span style="font-size:85%;">(stock exchange)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Syria#Energy_and_mineral_resources" title="Economy of Syria">Energy and mineral resources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Syria" title="Electricity in Syria">Electricity sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Syria" title="Petroleum industry in Syria">Petroleum industry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria" title="Telecommunications in Syria">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Syria" title="Transport in Syria">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Syria" title="Water supply and sanitation in Syria">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Syria" title="Category:Society of Syria">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Syria">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Syria" title="Education in Syria">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Syria" title="Health in Syria">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Syria" title="Hunger in Syria">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees of the Syrian Civil War">refugees <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011–present)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Syria" title="Public holidays in Syria">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scouts_of_Syria" title="Scouts of Syria">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Syria" title="Squatting in Syria">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Syria" title="Culture of Syria">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Syria">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Syria" title="Coat of arms of Syria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_cuisine" title="Syrian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syrian_wine" title="Syrian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_films" title="List of Syrian films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass media in Syria">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Syria" title="Television in Syria">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Syria" title="Music of Syria">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Syria" title="Smoking in Syria">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Syria" title="Outline of Syria">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Syria-related_articles" title="Index of Syria-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Syria" title="Category:Syria">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&oldid=1275759150">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Syria&oldid=1275759150</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Syria" 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