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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>An American in Paris</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ein_Amerikaner_in_Paris" title="Ein Amerikaner in Paris – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ein Amerikaner in Paris" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_americano_en_Par%C3%ADs_(Gershwin)" title="Un americano en París (Gershwin) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Un americano en París (Gershwin)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_Am%C3%A9ricain_%C3%A0_Paris_(Gershwin)" title="Un Américain à Paris (Gershwin) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Un Américain à Paris (Gershwin)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="파리의 미국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파리의 미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_americano_a_Parigi" title="Un americano a Parigi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Un americano a Parigi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96" title="אמריקאי בפריז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמריקאי בפריז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egy_amerikai_P%C3%A1rizsban_(zenem%C5%B1)" title="Egy amerikai Párizsban (zenemű) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Egy amerikai Párizsban (zenemű)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7_(%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Американец во Париз (Гершвин) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американец во Париз (Гершвин)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(Gershwin)" title="An American in Paris (Gershwin) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="An American in Paris (Gershwin)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="パリのアメリカ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パリのアメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerykanin_w_Pary%C5%BCu_(poemat_symfoniczny)" title="Amerykanin w Paryżu (poemat symfoniczny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykanin w Paryżu (poemat symfoniczny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_american_la_Paris" title="Un american la Paris – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Un american la Paris" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Американец в Париже – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американец в Париже" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanac_u_Parizu" title="Amerikanac u Parizu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amerikanac u Parizu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikkalainen_Pariisissa" title="Amerikkalainen Pariisissa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikkalainen Pariisissa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(symfonisk_dikt)" title="An American in Paris (symfonisk dikt) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="An American in Paris (symfonisk dikt)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA" title="แอนอเมริกันอินปารีส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอนอเมริกันอินปารีส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6%D1%96_(%D0%BF%27%D1%94%D1%81%D0%B0)" title="Американець у Парижі (п'єса) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1928 George Gershwin composition. For the 1951 film, see <a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(film)" title="An American in Paris (film)">An American in Paris (film)</a>. For the 2014 musical play, see <a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(musical)" title="An American in Paris (musical)">An American in Paris (musical)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="An American in Paris (disambiguation)">An American in Paris (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album"><i>An American in Paris</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">by <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:American_in_Paris.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/American_in_Paris.tif/lossy-page1-220px-American_in_Paris.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/American_in_Paris.tif/lossy-page1-330px-American_in_Paris.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/American_in_Paris.tif/lossy-page1-440px-American_in_Paris.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="505" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First recording</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_jazz" title="Orchestral jazz">Orchestral jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Form</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(music)" title="Rhapsody (music)">Rhapsody</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composed</th><td class="infobox-data">Spring 1928</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Premiere</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 13, 1928</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>, New York City</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Conductor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Performers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>An American in Paris</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz-influenced</a> <a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a> (or tone poem)<sup id="cite_ref-TH-20170401_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-20170401-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for orchestra by American composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> first performed in 1928. It was inspired by the time that Gershwin had spent in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and evokes the sights and energy of the French capital during the <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></i></span></i>. </p><p>Gershwin scored the piece for the standard instruments of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony orchestra">symphony orchestra</a> plus <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, saxophones, and automobile horns. He brought back four Parisian taxi horns for the New York premiere of the composition, which took place on December 13, 1928, in <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was Damrosch who had commissioned Gershwin to write his <a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_F_(Gershwin)" title="Concerto in F (Gershwin)">Concerto in F</a> following the earlier success of <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i> (1924).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed the orchestration on November 18, less than four weeks before the work's premiere.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He collaborated on the original program notes with critic and composer <a href="/wiki/Deems_Taylor" title="Deems Taylor">Deems Taylor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the story is likely apocryphal,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gershwin is said to have been attracted by <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>'s unusual chords, and Gershwin went on his first trip to Paris in 1926 ready to study with Ravel. After his initial student audition with Ravel turned into a sharing of musical theories, Ravel said he could not teach him, saying, "Why be a second-rate Ravel when you can be a first-rate Gershwin?"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gershwin strongly encouraged Ravel to come to the United States for a tour. To this end, upon his return to New York, Gershwin joined the efforts of Ravel's friend <a href="/wiki/E._Robert_Schmitz" title="E. Robert Schmitz">Robert Schmitz</a>, a pianist Ravel had met during the war, to urge Ravel to tour the U.S. Schmitz was the head of Pro Musica, promoting Franco-American musical relations, and was able to offer Ravel a $10,000 fee for the tour, an enticement Gershwin knew would be important to Ravel.<sup id="cite_ref-Goss_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goss-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="for Gershwin's involvement (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gershwin greeted Ravel in New York in March 1928 during a party held for Ravel's birthday by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89va_Gauthier" title="Éva Gauthier">Éva Gauthier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ravel's tour reignited Gershwin's desire to return to Paris, which he and his brother <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira</a> did after meeting Ravel.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerswhin.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerswhin.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ravel's high praise of Gershwin in an introductory letter to <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Boulanger" title="Nadia Boulanger">Nadia Boulanger</a> caused Gershwin to seriously consider taking much more time to study abroad in Paris. Yet after he played for her, she told him she could not teach him. Boulanger gave Gershwin basically the same advice she gave all her accomplished master students: "What could I give you that you haven't already got?"<sup id="cite_ref-Spycket1992_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spycket1992-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not set Gershwin back, as his real intent abroad was to complete a new work based on Paris and perhaps a second rhapsody for piano and orchestra to follow his <i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i>. Paris at this time hosted many expatriate writers, among them <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a> and artist <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tleft" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbcaption">Themes from <i>An American in Paris</i></div><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/6/p6kg7kp6y10o2i365u87vx2psno1yhz/p6kg7kp6.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/6/p6kg7kp6y10o2i365u87vx2psno1yhz/p6kg7kp6.png" width="712" height="67" alt="
{ \time 2/4
\key f \major
\relative c'' {
 \acciaccatura b8\mp( c-.) d,-. e4 |
 \acciaccatura b'8( c-.) d,-. e4 |
 \acciaccatura b'8( c-.) d,-. e-. d'-. |
 c c,16 d e4 | \acciaccatura b'8( c-.) d,-. e4 |
 \acciaccatura b'8( c_.) d,-. e-. d'-. |
 e16-. e-. e-. e-. e8-. a-. | g4->( f)
 }
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/6/p6kg7kp6y10o2i365u87vx2psno1yhz/p6kg7kp6.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/p/6/p6kg7kp6y10o2i365u87vx2psno1yhz/p6kg7kp6.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div> <br /><div style="float:left;"><div class="mw-ext-score noresize" data-midi="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jorhv4n6wlvcrnddotge2hukq5a6dw/5jorhv4n.midi"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jorhv4n6wlvcrnddotge2hukq5a6dw/5jorhv4n.png" width="551" height="78" alt="
{ \time 2/4
 \clef bass
 { \partial 8 cis8->\f-\markup { \italic scherzando } |
 dis-> eis-> fis-> gis-> |
 fis-. eis4-> dis8$ | fis4 eis$ |
 \acciaccatura eis8( dis-.) cis4. ~ cis
 \acciaccatura eis8( dis-.) | cis2
 }
}
" /><div style="margin-top: 3px;"><audio controls=""><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jorhv4n6wlvcrnddotge2hukq5a6dw/5jorhv4n.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" /><div>Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/score/5/j/5jorhv4n6wlvcrnddotge2hukq5a6dw/5jorhv4n.mp3">download the audio file</a>.</div></audio></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Gershwin based <i>An American in Paris</i> on a melodic fragment called "Very Parisienne",<sup id="cite_ref-Gerswhin.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerswhin.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written in 1926 on his first visit to Paris as a gift to his hosts, Robert and Mabel Schirmer. Gershwin called it "a rhapsodic ballet"; it is written freely and in a much more modern idiom than his prior works.<sup id="cite_ref-JablonskiStewart1958_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JablonskiStewart1958-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gershwin explained in <i><a href="/wiki/Musical_America" title="Musical America">Musical America</a></i>, "My purpose here is to portray the impressions of an American visitor in Paris as he strolls about the city, listens to the various street noises, and absorbs the French atmosphere."<sup id="cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The piece is structured into five sections, which culminate in a loose <a href="/wiki/Ternary_form" title="Ternary form">A–B–A format</a>. Gershwin's first A episode introduces the two main "walking" themes in the "Allegretto grazioso" and develops a third theme in the "Subito con brio".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style of this A section is written in the typical French style of composers <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six">Les Six</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This A section featured duple meter, singsong rhythms, and diatonic melodies with the sounds of oboe, English horn, and taxi horns. The B section's "Andante ma con ritmo deciso" introduces the American <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">Blues</a> and spasms of homesickness. The "Allegro" that follows continues to express homesickness in a faster <a href="/wiki/Twelve-bar_blues" title="Twelve-bar blues">twelve-bar blues</a>. In the B section, Gershwin uses common time, syncopated rhythms, and bluesy melodies with the sounds of trumpet, saxophone, and snare drum. "Moderato con grazia" is the last A section that returns to the themes set in A. After recapitulating the "walking" themes, Gershwin overlays the slow blues theme from section B in the final "Grandioso". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response">Response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_(SAYRE_22359).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg/128px-Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg/192px-Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg/256px-Symphony_conductor_Walter_Damrosch_%28SAYRE_22359%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Gershwin_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/156px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/234px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/George_Gershwin_1937.jpg/312px-George_Gershwin_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="398" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Conductor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a> (left) and composer <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>Gershwin did not particularly like Walter Damrosch's interpretation at the world premiere of <i>An American in Paris</i>. He stated that Damrosch's sluggish, dragging tempo caused him to walk out of the hall during a matinee performance of this work. The audience, according to Edward Cushing, responded with "a demonstration of enthusiasm impressively genuine in contrast to the conventional applause which new music, good and bad, ordinarily arouses."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics believed that <i>An American in Paris</i> was better crafted than Gershwin's <a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_F_(Gershwin)" title="Concerto in F (Gershwin)">Concerto in F</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Evening Post</i> did not think it belonged in a program with classical composers <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">César Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Lekeu" title="Guillaume Lekeu">Guillaume Lekeu</a> on its premiere. Gershwin responded to the critics: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It's not a Beethoven Symphony, you know... It's a humorous piece, nothing solemn about it. It's not intended to draw tears. If it pleases symphony audiences as a light, jolly piece, a series of impressions musically expressed, it succeeds.<sup id="cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack2007-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>An American in Paris</i> was originally scored for 3 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (3rd doubling on <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>), 2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_horn" class="mw-redirect" title="English horn">English horn</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soprano_clarinet" title="Soprano clarinet">B-flat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a> in B-flat, 2 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">horns</a> in F, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a> in B-flat, 3 <a href="/wiki/Trombone" title="Trombone">trombones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">timpani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">snare drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">bass drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodblock_(instrument)" title="Woodblock (instrument)">wood block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(instrument)" title="Ratchet (instrument)">ratchet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">cymbals</a>, low and high <a href="/wiki/Tom-tom_drum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom-tom drum">tom-toms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xylophone" title="Xylophone">xylophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">glockenspiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_horn" title="Vehicle horn">taxi horns</a> labeled as A, B, C, and D with circles around them, <a href="/wiki/Alto_saxophone" title="Alto saxophone">alto saxophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenor_saxophone" title="Tenor saxophone">tenor saxophone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baritone_saxophone" title="Baritone saxophone">baritone saxophone</a> (all doubling <a href="/wiki/Soprano_saxophone" title="Soprano saxophone">soprano</a> and alto saxophones), and <a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">strings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most modern audiences have heard the taxi horns using the notes A, B, C, and D, it had been Gershwin's intention to use the notes A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub><a href="/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation" title="Scientific pitch notation">4</a></sub>, B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span><sub>4</sub>, D<sub>5</sub>, and A<sub>3</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that in labeling the taxi horns as A, B, C, and D with circles, he was referring to the four horns, and not the notes that they played.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A major revision of the work by composer and arranger F. Campbell-Watson simplified the instrumentation by reducing the saxophones to only three instruments: alto, tenor and baritone; the soprano and alto saxophone doublings were eliminated to avoid changing instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became the standard performing edition until 2000, when Gershwin specialist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Gibbons" title="Jack Gibbons">Jack Gibbons</a> made his own restoration of the original orchestration of <i>An American in Paris</i>, working directly from Gershwin's original manuscript, including the restoration of Gershwin's soprano saxophone parts removed in Campbell-Watson's revision.<sup id="cite_ref-gibbons_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbons-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gibbons' restored orchestration of <i>An American in Paris</i> was performed at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall on July 9, 2000, by the City of Oxford Orchestra conducted by Levon Parikian.<sup id="cite_ref-gibbons_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gibbons-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Merrigan_Daly" title="William Merrigan Daly">William Daly</a> arranged the score for piano solo; this was published by New World Music in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation_status">Preservation status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preservation status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 22, 2013, it was announced that a musicological <a href="/wiki/Historical_editions_(music)" title="Historical editions (music)">critical edition</a> of the full orchestral score would be eventually released. The Gershwin family, working in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, were working to make scores available to the public that represent Gershwin's true intent. It was unknown whether the critical score would include the four minutes of material Gershwin later deleted from the work (such as the restatement of the blues theme after the faster 12 bar blues section), or if the score would document changes in the orchestration during Gershwin's composition process.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The score to <i>An American in Paris</i> was scheduled to be issued first in a series of scores to be released. The entire project was expected to take 30 to 40 years to complete, but <i>An American in Paris</i> was planned to be an early volume in the series.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Urtext_edition" title="Urtext edition">urtext editions</a> of the work were published by the German publisher B-Note Music in 2015. The changes made by Campbell-Watson were withdrawn in both editions. In the extended urtext, 120 bars of music were re-integrated. Conductor Walter Damrosch had cut them shortly before the first performance.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 9, 2017, The Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra gave the world premiere of the long-awaited critical edition of the piece prepared by Mark Clague, director of the Gershwin initiative at the University of Michigan. This performance was of the original 1928 orchestration.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>An American in Paris</i> has been frequently recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recording was made for the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a> in 1929 with <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Shilkret" title="Nathaniel Shilkret">Nathaniel Shilkret</a> conducting the Victor Symphony Orchestra, drawn from members of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a>. Gershwin was on hand to "supervise" the recording; however, Shilkret was reported to be in charge and eventually asked the composer to leave the recording studio.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Then, a little later, Shilkret discovered there was no one to play the brief <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a> solo during the slow section, so he hastily asked Gershwin if he might play the solo; Gershwin said he could and so he briefly participated in the actual recording.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This recording is believed to use the taxi horns in the way that Gershwin had intended using the notes A-flat, B-flat, a higher D, and a lower A.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The radio broadcast of the September 8, 1937, Hollywood Bowl George Gershwin Memorial Concert, in which <i>An American in Paris,</i> also conducted by Shilkret, was second on the program, was recorded and was released in 1998 in a two-CD set.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> recorded the work for RCA Victor, including one of the first stereo recordings of the music.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1945, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a> recorded the piece for <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>, one of the few commercial recordings Toscanini made of music by an American composer.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Symphony" title="Seattle Symphony">Seattle Symphony</a> also recorded a version in 1990 of Gershwin's original score, before numerous edits were made resulting in the score as we hear it today.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blues section of <i>An American in Paris</i> has been recorded separately by a number of artists; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanagan" title="Ralph Flanagan">Ralph Flanagan</a> & His Orchestra released it as a single in 1951 which reached No. 15 on the <i>Billboard</i> chart.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harry_James" title="Harry James">Harry James</a> released a version of the blues section on his 1953 album <i>One Night Stand,</i> recorded live at the <a href="/wiki/Aragon_Ballroom_(Chicago)" title="Aragon Ballroom (Chicago)">Aragon Ballroom in Chicago</a> (<a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a> GL 522 and CL 522).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_film">Use in film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use in film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> released the musical film <i><a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(film)" title="An American in Paris (film)">An American in Paris</a></i>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Caron" title="Leslie Caron">Leslie Caron</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/Vincente_Minnelli" title="Vincente Minnelli">Vincente Minnelli</a>. Winning the <a href="/wiki/24th_Academy_Awards" title="24th Academy Awards">1951 Best Picture Oscar</a> and numerous other awards, the film featured many tunes of Gershwin and concluded with an extensive, elaborate dance sequence built around the symphonic poem <i>An American in Paris</i> (arranged for the film by <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Green" title="Johnny Green">Johnny Green</a>), which at the time was the most expensive musical number ever filmed, costing $500,000 ($5.87 million in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare the original 1930 publication and Frank Campbell-Watson revision, both published by New World Music Corporation (New York); the date on both publications is 1930, although the revision is ca. 1942. The original is reprinted by Musikproduktion Hoeflich (Munich), Repertoire Explorer No. 4007 (2018), although James Dalton's preface incorrectly states this reprint has the Campbell-Watson revisions.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relevant saxophone passages may be found on pages 76–94 in both scores.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TH-20170401-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TH-20170401_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStaff2017" class="citation news cs1">Staff (April 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theatricalia.com/play/e69/an-american-in-paris">"An American in Paris"</a>. <i>Theatricalia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230831150800/https://theatricalia.com/play/e69/an-american-in-paris">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theatricalia.com&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheatricalia.com%2Fplay%2Fe69%2Fan-american-in-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Gershwin" class="citation web cs1">George Gershwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052949/http://nyphil.org/~/media/pdfs/program-notes/1314/Gershwin-An%20American%20in%20Paris.pdf">"Rhapsody in Blue for Piano and Orchestra : An American in Paris"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nyphil.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyphil.org/~/media/pdfs/program-notes/1314/Gershwin-An%20American%20in%20Paris.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nyphil.org&rft.atitle=Rhapsody+in+Blue+for+Piano+and+Orchestra+%3A+An+American+in+Paris&rft.au=George+Gershwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyphil.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fpdfs%2Fprogram-notes%2F1314%2FGershwin-An%2520American%2520in%2520Paris.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyphil.org/~/media/pdfs/newsroom/1314/Releases/gilbert-ozone-final.pdf">Alan Gilbert and the New York Philharmonic: Makoto Ozone to Perform Gershwin's <i>Rhapsody in Blue</i> in One-Night-Only Concert All-American Program Also to Include Bernstein's <i>Candide</i> Overture and Symphonic Dances from <i>West Side Story</i> Gershwin's <i>An American in Paris</i>: April 22, 2014 at nyphil.org</a> Accessed June 20, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/An-American-in-Paris-by-Gershwin">"<i>An American in Paris</i>"</a>, by Betsy Schwarm, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Freed" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Freed" title="Richard Freed">Richard Freed</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/?fuseaction=composition&composition_id=2983">"<i>An American in Paris</i>: About the Work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Kennedy_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kennedy Center">The Kennedy Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+American+in+Paris%3A+About+the+Work&rft.pub=The+Kennedy+Center&rft.au=Richard+Freed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kennedy-center.org%2Fcalendar%2F%3Ffuseaction%3Dcomposition%26composition_id%3D2983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeems_Taylor2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deems_Taylor" title="Deems Taylor">Deems Taylor</a> (2004). "33. <i>An American in Paris</i>: Narrative Guide" (1928)". In Wyatt, Robert; Johnson, John Andrew (eds.). <i>The George Gershwin Reader</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 110–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327113.003.0033">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327113.003.0033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532711-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-532711-3"><bdi>978-0-19-532711-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=33.+An+American+in+Paris%3A+Narrative+Guide%22+%281928%29&rft.btitle=The+George+Gershwin+Reader&rft.pages=110-111&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327113.003.0033&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532711-3&rft.au=Deems+Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.runyanprogramnotes.com/george-gershwin/american-paris">"An American in Paris | Runyan Program Notes"</a>. <i>www.runyanprogramnotes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.runyanprogramnotes.com&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris+%7C+Runyan+Program+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.runyanprogramnotes.com%2Fgeorge-gershwin%2Famerican-paris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPegolotti2020" class="citation book cs1">Pegolotti, James (October 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hg4HEAAAQBAJ&dq=deems+taylor+an+american+in+paris&pg=PA122"><i>Deems Taylor: Selected Writings</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-10154-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-10154-6"><bdi>978-1-000-10154-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deems+Taylor%3A+Selected+Writings&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-000-10154-6&rft.aulast=Pegolotti&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHg4HEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Ddeems%2Btaylor%2Ban%2Bamerican%2Bin%2Bparis%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1973" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Charles (1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gershwinhislifem00sch_3az"><i>George Gershwin: His Life and Music</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bobbs-Merrill_Company" title="Bobbs-Merrill Company">Bobbs-Merrill Company</a>. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-672-51662-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-672-51662-4"><bdi>0-672-51662-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+His+Life+and+Music&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Bobbs-Merrill+Company&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-672-51662-4&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgershwinhislifem00sch_3az&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff1998" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Schiff" title="David Schiff">Schiff, David</a> (October 1, 1998). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/10/misunderstanding-gershwin/377252/">"Misunderstanding Gershwin"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222801/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/10/misunderstanding-gershwin/377252/">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Misunderstanding+Gershwin&rft.date=1998-10-01&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F1998%2F10%2Fmisunderstanding-gershwin%2F377252%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goss-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goss_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoss1940" class="citation book cs1">Goss, Madeleine (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bolerolifeofmaur1940goss"><i>Bolero: the life of Maurice Ravel</i></a>. New York, H. Holt and Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bolerolifeofmaur1940goss/page/216">216</a>–219.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bolero%3A+the+life+of+Maurice+Ravel&rft.pages=216-219&rft.pub=New+York%2C+H.+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Goss&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbolerolifeofmaur1940goss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Burton_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2015" class="citation web cs1">Burton, Louise (May 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121135409/https://csosoundsandstories.org/fascinatin-rhythm-when-ravel-met-gershwin-in-jazz-age-new-york/">"Fascinatin' rhythm: When Ravel met Gershwin in Jazz Age New York"</a>. <i>CSO Sounds & Stories</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csosoundsandstories.org/fascinatin-rhythm-when-ravel-met-gershwin-in-jazz-age-new-york/">the original</a> on January 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSO+Sounds+%26+Stories&rft.atitle=Fascinatin%27+rhythm%3A+When+Ravel+met+Gershwin+in+Jazz+Age+New+York&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsosoundsandstories.org%2Ffascinatin-rhythm-when-ravel-met-gershwin-in-jazz-age-new-york%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerswhin.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerswhin.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerswhin.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gershwin.com/publications/an-american-in-paris-concert-work/">"An American in Paris"</a>. <i>Gershwin Enterprises</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gershwin+Enterprises&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgershwin.com%2Fpublications%2Fan-american-in-paris-concert-work%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spycket1992-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spycket1992_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJérôme_Spycket1992" class="citation book cs1">Jérôme Spycket (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_-VcUAeWQr0C&pg=PA71"><i>Nadia Boulanger</i></a>. Pendragon Press. pp. 71–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945193-38-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945193-38-8"><bdi>978-0-945193-38-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nadia+Boulanger&rft.pages=71-73&rft.pub=Pendragon+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-945193-38-8&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Spycket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_-VcUAeWQr0C%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollack2007-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack2007_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward_Pollack2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Pollack" title="Howard Pollack">Howard Pollack</a> (January 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RySwdc151ZoC&pg=PA431"><i>George Gershwin: His Life and Work</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 119, 431–440. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93314-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93314-9"><bdi>978-0-520-93314-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+His+Life+and+Work&rft.pages=119%2C+431-440&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93314-9&rft.au=Howard+Pollack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRySwdc151ZoC%26pg%3DPA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">LSRI Archives Oral Interview Anita Loos and Mary Anita Loos October 1979 re: letters and Ravel's telegram to Gershwin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JablonskiStewart1958-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JablonskiStewart1958_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_JablonskiLawrence_D._Stewart1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Jablonski" title="Edward Jablonski">Edward Jablonski</a>; Lawrence D. Stewart (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gershwinyearsgeo00jabl"><i>The Gershwin Years: George And Ira</i></a></span>. Da Capo Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gershwinyearsgeo00jabl/page/138">138</a>–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80739-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80739-8"><bdi>978-0-306-80739-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gershwin+Years%3A+George+And+Ira&rft.pages=138-141&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80739-8&rft.au=Edward+Jablonski&rft.au=Lawrence+D.+Stewart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgershwinyearsgeo00jabl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schott-music.com/en/an-american-in-paris-no251041.html">"<i>An American in Paris</i> performance material"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott Music</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+American+in+Paris+performance+material&rft.pub=Schott+Music&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schott-music.com%2Fen%2Fan-american-in-paris-no251041.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Dyke2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Van Dyke, Joseph M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914172912/https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1298660291"><i>George Gershwin's An American in Paris for Two Pianos: A Critical Score Study and Performance Guide</i></a> (Doctoral thesis). Columbus, Ohio: OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1298660291">the original</a> on September 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=George+Gershwin%27s+An+American+in+Paris+for+Two+Pianos%3A+A+Critical+Score+Study+and+Performance+Guide&rft.inst=OhioLINK+Electronic+Theses+and+Dissertations+Center&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Van+Dyke&rft.aufirst=Joseph+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fetd.ohiolink.edu%2Fpg_10%3F0%3A%3ANO%3A10%3AP10_ACCESSION_NUM%3Aosu1298660291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smtd.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/?parallax-sections=who-could-ask-for-anything-more">"Who Could Ask For Anything More"</a>. <i>The Gershwin Initiative Website</i>. September 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gershwin+Initiative+Website&rft.atitle=Who+Could+Ask+For+Anything+More&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsmtd.umich.edu%2Fami%2Fgershwin%2F%3Fparallax-sections%3Dwho-could-ask-for-anything-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904200637/http://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/artifact/47d1f79a-8ea6-4aba-964f-989cb5dc2cd7/fullview#page/4/mode/2up">"George Gershwin: An American in Paris (original score)"</a>. <i>New York Philharmonic Archives</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/artifact/47d1f79a-8ea6-4aba-964f-989cb5dc2cd7/fullview#page/4/mode/2up">the original</a> on September 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Philharmonic+Archives&rft.atitle=George+Gershwin%3A+An+American+in+Paris+%28original+score%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.nyphil.org%2Findex.php%2Fartifact%2F47d1f79a-8ea6-4aba-964f-989cb5dc2cd7%2Ffullview%23page%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Gershwin1930" class="citation book cs1">George Gershwin (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schott-music.com/en/preview/viewer/index/?idx=MjUxMDQx&idy=251041&dl=0"><i>An American in Paris</i></a> (full orchestral score). London: <a href="/wiki/Chappell_%26_Co." title="Chappell & Co.">Chappell & Co.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Schott_Music" title="Schott Music">Schott Music</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+American+in+Paris&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chappell+%26+Co.&rft.date=1930&rft.au=George+Gershwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schott-music.com%2Fen%2Fpreview%2Fviewer%2Findex%2F%3Fidx%3DMjUxMDQx%26idy%3D251041%26dl%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2016" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Michael (March 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/theater/have-we-been-playing-gershwin-wrong-for-70-years.html">"Have We Been Playing Gershwin Wrong for 70 Years?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Have+We+Been+Playing+Gershwin+Wrong+for+70+Years%3F&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F02%2Ftheater%2Fhave-we-been-playing-gershwin-wrong-for-70-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClague2016" class="citation web cs1">Clague, Mark (March 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/?p=715">"1929 Gershwin Taxi Horn Photo Clarifies Mystery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_School_of_Music,_Theatre_%26_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance">University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1929+Gershwin+Taxi+Horn+Photo+Clarifies+Mystery&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+School+of+Music%2C+Theatre+%26+Dance&rft.date=2016-03-05&rft.aulast=Clague&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.umich.edu%2Fami%2Fgershwin%2F%3Fp%3D715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Dalton2018" class="citation web cs1">James Dalton (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repertoire-explorer.musikmph.de/wp-content/uploads/vorworte_prefaces/4007.html">"George Gershwin – <i>An American in Paris</i> – Preface"</a>. <i>repertoire-explorer.musikmph.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=repertoire-explorer.musikmph.de&rft.atitle=George+Gershwin+%E2%80%93+An+American+in+Paris+%E2%80%93+Preface&rft.date=2018&rft.au=James+Dalton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepertoire-explorer.musikmph.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fvorworte_prefaces%2F4007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gibbons-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gibbons_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gibbons_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jackgibbons.com/reviews.htm">"Musical Opinion review of Gershwin Spectacular"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Musical+Opinion+review+of+Gershwin+Spectacular&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jackgibbons.com%2Freviews.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodda2013" class="citation web cs1">Rodda, Richard E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813075416/https://ljms.org/directory">"CMS: <i>An American in Paris</i> Program Notes"</a>. <i>La Jolla Music Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ljms.org/directory/">the original</a> on August 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Jolla+Music+Society&rft.atitle=CMS%3A+An+American+in+Paris+Program+Notes&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rodda&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fljms.org%2Fdirectory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=82579">"Free sheet music : Gershwin, George – <i>An American in Paris</i> (Piano solo)"</a>. <i>www.free-scores.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.free-scores.com&rft.atitle=Free+sheet+music+%3A+Gershwin%2C+George+%E2%80%93+An+American+in+Paris+%28Piano+solo%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.free-scores.com%2Fdownload-sheet-music.php%3Fpdf%3D82579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/new-critical-edition-of-george-and-ira-gershwins-works-to-be-compiled/">"New, critical edition of George and Ira Gershwin's works to be compiled"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>. September 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=New%2C+critical+edition+of+George+and+Ira+Gershwin%27s+works+to+be+compiled&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Fnew-critical-edition-of-george-and-ira-gershwins-works-to-be-compiled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.umich.edu/ami/gershwin/?page_id=59">"The Editions » Gershwin"</a>. <i>Music.umich.edu</i>. September 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Music.umich.edu&rft.atitle=The+Editions+%C2%BB+Gershwin&rft.date=2013-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.umich.edu%2Fami%2Fgershwin%2F%3Fpage_id%3D59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215122523/http://musicologynow.ams-net.org/2013/09/george-and-ira-gershwin-critical-edition_20.html">"Musicology Now: George and Ira Gershwin Critical Edition"</a>. <i>Musicologynow.ams-net.org</i>. September 17, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicologynow.ams-net.org/2013/09/george-and-ira-gershwin-critical-edition_20.html">the original</a> on December 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Musicologynow.ams-net.org&rft.atitle=Musicology+Now%3A+George+and+Ira+Gershwin+Critical+Edition&rft.date=2013-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusicologynow.ams-net.org%2F2013%2F09%2Fgeorge-and-ira-gershwin-critical-edition_20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnote.de/?set=werk_detail&kompid=246&bnnr=16963&lc=en">"<i>An American in Paris</i> Urtext"</a>. <i>Bnote.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bnote.de&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris+Urtext&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnote.de%2F%3Fset%3Dwerk_detail%26kompid%3D246%26bnnr%3D16963%26lc%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eamdc.com/news/critical-edition-of-george-gershwins-an-american-in-paris-debuts-with-the-cincinnati-and-atlanta-symphony-orchestras/">"Critical Edition of George Gershwin's <i>An American in Paris</i> Debuts with the Cincinnati and Atlanta Symphony Orchestras"</a>. September 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Critical+Edition+of+George+Gershwin%27s+An+American+in+Paris+Debuts+with+the+Cincinnati+and+Atlanta+Symphony+Orchestras&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eamdc.com%2Fnews%2Fcritical-edition-of-george-gershwins-an-american-in-paris-debuts-with-the-cincinnati-and-atlanta-symphony-orchestras%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whosampled.com/George-Gershwin/An-American-in-Paris/">"<i>An American in Paris</i> by George Gershwin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WhoSampled" title="WhoSampled">WhoSampled</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhoSampled&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris+by+George+Gershwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whosampled.com%2FGeorge-Gershwin%2FAn-American-in-Paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack2007" class="citation book cs1">Pollack, Howard (January 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://california.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1525/california/9780520248649.001.0001/upso-9780520248649"><i>George GershwinHis Life and Work</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fcalifornia%2F9780520248649.003.0023">10.1525/california/9780520248649.003.0023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24864-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24864-9"><bdi>978-0-520-24864-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+GershwinHis+Life+and+Work&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007-01-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fcalifornia%2F9780520248649.003.0023&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24864-9&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia.universitypressscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1525%2Fcalifornia%2F9780520248649.001.0001%2Fupso-9780520248649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBargreen1990" class="citation news cs1">Bargreen, Melinda (June 28, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19900628&slug=1079541">"Recordings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Recordings&rft.date=1990-06-28&rft.aulast=Bargreen&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.seattletimes.com%2Farchive%2F%3Fdate%3D19900628%26slug%3D1079541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonergan2005" class="citation book cs1">Lonergan, David F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NP6OdDrutyAC&pg=PA22"><i>Hit Records, 1950-1975</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810851290" title="Special:BookSources/9780810851290"><bdi>9780810851290</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hit+Records%2C+1950-1975&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780810851290&rft.aulast=Lonergan&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNP6OdDrutyAC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bsnpubs.com/columbia/columbia12/columbia500.html">"Columbia Album Discography (1951-55)"</a>. <i>www.bsnpubs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bsnpubs.com&rft.atitle=Columbia+Album+Discography+%281951-55%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsnpubs.com%2Fcolumbia%2Fcolumbia12%2Fcolumbia500.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.jstor.org/american-paris-onstage-onscreen/">"<i>An American in Paris</i>: Onstage and Onscreen | JSTOR Daily"</a>. <i>JSTOR Daily</i>. May 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JSTOR+Daily&rft.atitle=An+American+in+Paris%3A+Onstage+and+Onscreen+%7C+JSTOR+Daily&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Famerican-paris-onstage-onscreen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRimler2011" class="citation book cs1">Rimler, Walter (February 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_RrwU-yODEC&pg=PA28"><i>George Gershwin: An Intimate Portrait</i></a>. University of Illinois Press. pp. 28–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09369-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09369-2"><bdi>978-0-252-09369-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Gershwin%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait&rft.pages=28-33&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2011-02-16&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09369-2&rft.aulast=Rimler&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_RrwU-yODEC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAn+American+in+Paris" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_American_in_Paris&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:An_American_in_Paris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:An American in Paris">An American in Paris</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(Gershwin,_George)" class="extiw" title="scores:An American in Paris (Gershwin, George)"><i>An American in Paris</i></a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/search?search-type=singleFilter&search-text=an+american+in+paris&doctype=printedMusic">Scores</a>, marked by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andre_Kostelanetz" title="Andre Kostelanetz">Andre Kostelanetz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Leinsdorf" title="Erich Leinsdorf">Erich Leinsdorf</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AnAmericanInParis">1944 recording</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Artur_Rodzi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Rodziński">Artur Rodziński</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi0ENw-JlUI"><span class="plainlinks"><i>An American in Paris</i>, audio</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, New York Philharmonic, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://conifer.rhizome.org/Germinal/wikipedia/20180529043352/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi0ENw-JlUI">archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Gershwin" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Gershwin" title="Template:George Gershwin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Gershwin" title="Template talk:George Gershwin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Gershwin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Gershwin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Gershwin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Plays_Gershwin:_The_Piano_Rolls" title="Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls">Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(ballet)" title="An American in Paris (ballet)">An American in Paris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Piano_Concerto" title="Gershwin Piano Concerto">Gershwin Piano Concerto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Preludes_(ballet)" title="Three Preludes (ballet)">Three Preludes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Who_Cares%3F_(ballet)" title="Who Cares? (ballet)">Who Cares?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Monday_(opera)" title="Blue Monday (opera)">Blue Monday</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a></i> (1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerto_in_F_(Gershwin)" title="Concerto in F (Gershwin)">Concerto in F</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">An American in Paris</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Rhapsody" title="Second Rhapsody">Second Rhapsody</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Overture" title="Cuban Overture">Cuban Overture</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(song)" title="Strike Up the Band (song)">Strike Up the Band</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoctor%27s_Ballet" title="Hoctor's Ballet">Hoctor's Ballet</a></i> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Preludes_(Gershwin)" title="Three Preludes (Gershwin)">Three Preludes</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/French_Ballet_Class_(Gershwin)" title="French Ballet Class (Gershwin)">French Ballet Class</a></i> (1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Aren%27t_You_Kind_of_Glad_We_Did%3F" title="Aren't You Kind of Glad We Did?">Aren't You Kind of Glad We Did?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Got)_Beginner%27s_Luck" title="(I've Got) Beginner's Luck">(I've Got) Beginner's Luck</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bidin%27_My_Time" title="Bidin' My Time">Bidin' My Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blah_Blah_Blah_(Gershwin_song)" title="Blah Blah Blah (Gershwin song)">Blah Blah Blah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy_Wanted" title="Boy Wanted">Boy Wanted</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy!_What_Love_Has_Done_to_Me!" title="Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!">Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/But_Not_for_Me_(song)" title="But Not for Me (song)">But Not for Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/By_Strauss" title="By Strauss">By Strauss</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Clap_Yo%27_Hands" title="Clap Yo' Hands">Clap Yo' Hands</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Do_It_Again_(George_Gershwin_and_Buddy_DeSylva_song)" title="Do It Again (George Gershwin and Buddy DeSylva song)">Do It Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Doin%27_Time" title="Doin' Time">Doin' Time</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Embraceable_You" title="Embraceable You">Embraceable You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fascinating_Rhythm" title="Fascinating Rhythm">Fascinating Rhythm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Foggy_Day" title="A Foggy Day">A Foggy Day</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_You,_For_Me,_For_Evermore" title="For You, For Me, For Evermore">For You, For Me, For Evermore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Funny_Face_(1927_song)" title="Funny Face (1927 song)">Funny Face</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%27The_Half_of_It,_Dearie%27_Blues" title="'The Half of It, Dearie' Blues">'The Half of It, Dearie' Blues</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/He_Loves_and_She_Loves" title="He Loves and She Loves">He Loves and She Loves</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long_Has_This_Been_Going_On%3F" title="How Long Has This Been Going On?">How Long Has This Been Going On?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Be_Bothered_Now" title="I Can't Be Bothered Now">I Can't Be Bothered Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Got_Rhythm" title="I Got Rhythm">I Got Rhythm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Was_Doing_All_Right" title="I Was Doing All Right">I Was Doing All Right</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Crush_on_You" title="I've Got a Crush on You">I've Got a Crush on You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Isn%27t_It_a_Pity%3F" title="Isn't It a Pity?">Isn't It a Pity?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Another_Rhumba" title="Just Another Rhumba">Just Another Rhumba</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Call_the_Whole_Thing_Off" title="Let's Call the Whole Thing Off">Let's Call the Whole Thing Off</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Funny_Face_(musical)" title="Funny Face (musical)">Let's Kiss and Make Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Liza_(All_the_Clouds%27ll_Roll_Away)" title="Liza (All the Clouds'll Roll Away)">Liza (All the Clouds'll Roll Away)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Looking_for_a_Boy" title="Looking for a Boy">Looking for a Boy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lorelei_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Lorelei (George Gershwin song)">Lorelei</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Here_to_Stay" title="Love Is Here to Stay">Love Is Here to Stay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_Sweeping_the_Country" title="Love Is Sweeping the Country">Love Is Sweeping the Country</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Walked_In" title="Love Walked In">Love Walked In</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Man_I_Love_(song)" title="The Man I Love (song)">The Man I Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Cousin_in_Milwaukee" title="My Cousin in Milwaukee">My Cousin in Milwaukee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_One_and_Only_(1927_song)" title="My One and Only (1927 song)">My One and Only</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nice_Work_If_You_Can_Get_It_(song)" title="Nice Work If You Can Get It (song)">Nice Work If You Can Get It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(song)" title="Of Thee I Sing (song)">Of Thee I Sing</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_Lady_Be_Good!" title="Oh, Lady Be Good!">Oh, Lady Be Good!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oh,_So_Nice!" title="Oh, So Nice!">Oh, So Nice!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Real_American_Folk_Song_(is_a_Rag)" title="The Real American Folk Song (is a Rag)">The Real American Folk Song (is a Rag)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%27S_Wonderful" title="'S Wonderful">'S Wonderful</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sam_and_Delilah" title="Sam and Delilah">Sam and Delilah</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slap_That_Bass" title="Slap That Bass">Slap That Bass</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_from_Somewhere" title="Somebody from Somewhere">Somebody from Somewhere</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Somebody_Loves_Me" title="Somebody Loves Me">Somebody Loves Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Someone_to_Watch_Over_Me_(song)" title="Someone to Watch Over Me (song)">Someone to Watch Over Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soon_(1927_song)" title="Soon (1927 song)">Soon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stairway_to_Paradise" title="Stairway to Paradise">Stairway to Paradise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stiff_Upper_Lip_(Gershwin_song)" title="Stiff Upper Lip (Gershwin song)">Stiff Upper Lip</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strike_Up_the_Band_(song)" title="Strike Up the Band (song)">Strike Up the Band</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Summertime_(George_Gershwin_song)" title="Summertime (George Gershwin song)">Summertime</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swanee_(song)" title="Swanee (song)">Swanee</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That_Certain_Feeling" title="That Certain Feeling">That Certain Feeling</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_All_Laughed_(song)" title="They All Laughed (song)">They All Laughed</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/They_Can%27t_Take_That_Away_from_Me" title="They Can't Take That Away from Me">They Can't Take That Away from Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Damsel_in_Distress_(1937_film)#Music" title="A Damsel in Distress (1937 film)">Things Are Looking Up</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Tra-la-la" title="Tra-la-la">Tra-la-la</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Treat_Me_Rough" title="Treat Me Rough">Treat Me Rough</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Walking_the_Dog_(Gershwin)" title="Walking the Dog (Gershwin)">Walking the Dog</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Cares%3F_(Gershwin_song)" title="Who Cares? (Gershwin song)">Who Cares?</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ve_Got_What_Gets_Me" title="You've Got What Gets Me">You've Got What Gets Me</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribute albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson_Reimagines_Gershwin" title="Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin">Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/By_George_(album)" title="By George (album)">By George</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald_Sings_the_George_and_Ira_Gershwin_Song_Book" title="Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book">Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Song Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ella_Sings_Gershwin" title="Ella Sings Gershwin">Ella Sings Gershwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Live!" title="Gershwin Live!">Gershwin Live!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gershwin%27s_World" title="Gershwin's World">Gershwin's World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glory_of_Gershwin" title="The Glory of Gershwin">The Glory of Gershwin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ira,_George_and_Joe" title="Ira, George and Joe">Ira, George and Joe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_Work_If_You_Can_Get_It_(album)" title="Nice Work If You Can Get It (album)">Nice Work If You Can Get It</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson_Plays_the_George_Gershwin_Songbook" title="Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook">Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Songbook</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Hot_%2B_Rhapsody:_The_Gershwin_Groove" title="Red Hot + Rhapsody: The Gershwin Groove">Red Hot + Rhapsody: The Gershwin Groove</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Clooney_Sings_the_Lyrics_of_Ira_Gershwin" title="Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin">Rosemary Clooney Sings the Lyrics of Ira Gershwin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Prize" title="Gershwin Prize">Gershwin Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Gershwin" title="Arthur Gershwin">Arthur Gershwin</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Gershwin" title="Frances Gershwin">Frances Gershwin</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Theatre" title="Gershwin Theatre">Gershwin Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_George_Gershwin" title="List of compositions by George Gershwin">List of compositions by George Gershwin</a></b> <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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