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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Identification_by_gematria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identification_by_gematria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Identification by gematria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identification_by_gematria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nero" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nero"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Nero</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nero-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Muhammad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>King of Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solomon’s_Splendor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solomon’s_Splendor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Solomon’s Splendor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solomon’s_Splendor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-To_Méga_Thēríon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#To_Méga_Thēríon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>To Méga Thēríon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-To_Méga_Thēríon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mark_of_the_beast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mark_of_the_beast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mark of the beast</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mark_of_the_beast-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mark of the beast subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mark_of_the_beast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preterist_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preterist_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Preterist view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preterist_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idealist_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idealist_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Idealist view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idealist_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historicist_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historicist_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Historicist view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historicist_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Futurist_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Futurist_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Futurist view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Futurist_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Numerical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Numerical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Numerical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Numerical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baháʼí_Faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baháʼí Faith</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baháʼí_Faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jehovah's_Witnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Jehovah's Witnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jehovah's_Witnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fear_and_superstition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fear_and_superstition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fear and superstition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fear_and_superstition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearances_in_entertainment_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearances_in_entertainment_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Appearances in entertainment media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearances_in_entertainment_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Number of the beast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getal_van_die_dier" title="Getal van die dier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Getal van die dier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B4" title="عدد الوحش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدد الوحش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99h%C5%9Fi_heyvan%C4%B1n_r%C9%99q%C9%99mi" title="Vəhşi heyvanın rəqəmi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəhşi heyvanın rəqəmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Лік звера – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лік звера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Число на звяра – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Число на звяра" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_de_la_b%C3%A8stia" title="Nombre de la bèstia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nombre de la bèstia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%C4%95" title="Кайăк хисепĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кайăк хисепĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADslo_%C5%A1elmy" title="Číslo šelmy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Číslo šelmy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyrets_tal" title="Dyrets tal – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dyrets tal" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechshundertsechsundsechzig" title="Sechshundertsechsundsechzig – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sechshundertsechsundsechzig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%98%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αριθμός του Θηρίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμός του Θηρίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_la_Bestia" title="Número de la Bestia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Número de la Bestia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombro_de_la_bestio" title="Nombro de la bestio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nombro de la bestio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piztiaren_zenbakia" title="Piztiaren zenbakia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Piztiaren zenbakia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B4" title="عدد وحش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدد وحش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_de_la_B%C3%AAte" title="Nombre de la Bête – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nombre de la Bête" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%90%EC%8A%B9%EC%9D%98_%EC%88%AB%EC%9E%90" title="짐승의 숫자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="짐승의 숫자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE" title="Գազանի թիվ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազանի թիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilangan_binatang" title="Bilangan binatang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bilangan binatang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numero_della_bestia" title="Numero della bestia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Numero della bestia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namba_ya_mnyama" title="Namba ya mnyama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Namba ya mnyama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sescenti_sexaginta_sex" title="Sescenti sexaginta sex – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sescenti sexaginta sex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isan%27_ny_Bibidia" title="Isan' ny Bibidia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Isan' ny Bibidia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B4" title="عدد الوحش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عدد الوحش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getal_van_het_Beest" title="Getal van het Beest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Getal van het Beest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8D%A3%E3%81%AE%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="獣の数字 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="獣の数字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyrets_tall" title="Dyrets tall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Number associated with the Beast of Revelation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_Beast_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Number of the Beast (disambiguation)">Number of the Beast (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666 (number)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia,_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg/260px-The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg/390px-The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg/520px-The_number_of_the_beast_is_666_Philadelphia%2C_Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="3313" /></a><figcaption><i>The Number of the Beast Is 666</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>number of the beast</b> (<a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου</span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Arithmós toû thēríou</i></span>) is associated with the <a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast of Revelation</a> in chapter 13, verse 18 of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. In most manuscripts of the New Testament and in <a href="/wiki/English_translations_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="English translations of the Bible">English translations of the Bible</a>, the number of the beast is <b>six hundred sixty-six</b> or <span style="text-decoration:overline;">χξϛ</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a>, <span style="text-decoration:overline;">χ</span> represents 600, <span style="text-decoration:overline;">ξ</span> represents 60 and <span style="text-decoration:overline;">ϛ</span> represents 6).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">Papyrus 115</a> (which is the oldest preserved manuscript of the <i>Revelation</i> as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>), as well as other ancient sources like <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a></i>, give the number of the beast as χιϛ or χιϲ, transliterable in Arabic numerals as <b>616</b> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">χιϛ</span></span></span>), not 666;<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ng616_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng616-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">critical editions of the Greek text</a>, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Novum_Testamentum_Graece" title="Novum Testamentum Graece">Novum Testamentum Graece</a></i>, note χιϛ/616 as a variant.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Bible">In the Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In the Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="χξϛ"><span id=".CF.87.CE.BE.CF.9B"></span>χξϛ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: χξϛ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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eschatology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Contrasting beliefs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of <i>Revelation</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">Dispensationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">The Millennium</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a> <ul><li>Prewrath rapture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-tribulation_rapture" title="Post-tribulation rapture">Post-tribulation rapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispensationalism" title="Dispensationalism">Dispensationalism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Biblical texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_13" title="Mark 13">Mark 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">Matthew 24</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> <a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">(Events)</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Pseudepigrapha</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocatastasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocatastasis">Apocatastasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">False prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the dead">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_eschatology" title="Template:Christian eschatology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_eschatology" title="Template talk:Christian eschatology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_eschatology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian eschatology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The number of the beast is described in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_13" title="Revelation 13">Revelation 13:15–18</a>. Several translations have been interpreted for the meaning of the phrase "Here is Wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast..." where the peculiar Greek word <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ψηφισάτω</span></span> (<i>psephisato</i>) is used. Possible translations include "to count", "to reckon" and also "to vote" or "to decide".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a></i>, derived from <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_text-type" title="Byzantine text-type">Byzantine text-type</a> manuscripts, the number six hundred sixty-six is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a> <span style="text-decoration:overline;">χξϛ</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gateway-stephanus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gateway-stephanus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Stigma_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stigma (letter)">stigma</a> (<span style="text-decoration:overline;">ϛ</span>) representing the number 6: </p> <blockquote> <p><sup>17</sup><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καὶ ἵνα μή τις δύνηται ἀγοράσαι ἢ πωλῆσαι εἰ μὴ ὁ ἔχων τὸ χάραγμα, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου ἢ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ.</span></span> <sup>18</sup><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν· ὁ ἔχων τὸν νοῦν ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου· ἀριθμὸς γὰρ ἀνθρώπου ἐστί· καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ <b>χξϛʹ</b>.</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ENGLISH</span></span></b></span><br />"<sup>17</sup>And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. <sup>18</sup>Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is <b>666</b>." </p> </blockquote> <p>In several editions of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Greek" title="Bible translations into Greek">Greek Bible</a>, the number is represented by the final three words, <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ</span></span></b>, <i>hexakósioi hexēkonta héx</i>, meaning "six hundred [and] sixty-six":<sup id="cite_ref-gateway-westcott-hort_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gateway-westcott-hort-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alexandrinus_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexandrinus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <p><sup>17</sup><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">καὶ ἵνα μή τις δύνηται ἀγοράσαι ἢ πωλῆσαι εἰ μὴ ὁ ἔχων τὸ χάραγμα, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θηρίου ἢ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ.</span></span> <sup>18</sup><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὧδε ἡ σοφία ἐστίν· ὁ ἔχων νοῦν ψηφισάτω τὸν ἀριθμὸν τοῦ θηρίου, ἀριθμὸς γὰρ ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν· καὶ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτοῦ <b>ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ</b>.</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ENGLISH</span></span></b></span><br />"<sup>17</sup>And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. <sup>18</sup>Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is <b>six hundred and sixty-six</b>." </p> </blockquote> <p>Revelation 13:18 states that if one is wise and has an understanding to count the number of the beast, which is also the number of a man, the number comes to 666. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="χιϛ"><span id=".CF.87.CE.B9.CF.9B"></span>χιϛ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: χιϛ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg/220px-P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg/330px-P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg/440px-P._Oxy._LXVI_4499.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption>Fragment from <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">Papyrus 115 (P115)</a> of <i>Revelation</i> in the 66th vol. of the <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus" title="Oxyrhynchus">Oxyrhynchus</a> series (P. Oxy. 4499).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Has the <i>number of the beast</i> as χιϛ, 616.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (2nd century AD) affirmed the number to be 666 and reported several scribal errors of the number, theologians have doubts about the traditional reading<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of the appearance of the figure 616 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a></i> (<b>C</b>; Paris—one of the four <a href="/wiki/Great_uncial_codices" title="Great uncial codices">great uncial codices</a>), as well as in the Latin version of <a href="/wiki/Tyconius" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyconius">Tyconius</a> (<i>DCXVI</i>, ed. Souter in the Journal of Theology, SE, April 1913), and in an ancient Armenian version (ed. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cornwallis_Conybeare" title="Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare">Conybeare</a>, 1907). Irenaeus knew about the 616 reading, but did not adopt it (<a href="/wiki/Against_Heresies_(Irenaeus)" title="Against Heresies (Irenaeus)">Haer</a>. V, 30) noting instead that those who spoke with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">the Apostle John</a> (traditionally considered the author of the Book of Revelation) "face to face" said that the number was 666.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 380s, correcting the existing Latin-language version of the New Testament (commonly referred to as the <i>Vetus Latina</i>), <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> retained "666".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 2005, a fragment from <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_115" title="Papyrus 115">Papyrus 115</a>, taken from the <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus" title="Oxyrhynchus">Oxyrhynchus</a> site, was discovered at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>. It gave the beast's number as <a href="/wiki/616_(number)" title="616 (number)">616</a> (<b><span style="text-decoration:overline;">χις</span></b>). This fragment is the oldest manuscript (about 1,700 years old) of Revelation 13 found as of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ng616_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng616-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</i>, known before the <i>Papyrus 115</i> finding but dating to after it, has 616 written in full: <b><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἑξακόσιοι δέκα ἕξ</span></span></b>, <i>hexakosioi deka hex</i> (<abbr title="literally">lit.</abbr> "six hundred and sixteen").<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Papyrus 115</i> and <i>Ephraemi Rescriptus</i> have led some scholars to regard <a href="/wiki/616_(number)" title="616 (number)">616</a> as the original number of the beast.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Paul Louis Couchoud, "The number 666 has been substituted for 616 either by analogy with 888, the [Greek] number of Jesus (<a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Deissmann" title="Gustav Adolf Deissmann">Gustav Adolf Deissmann</a>), or because it is a <a href="/wiki/Triangular_number" title="Triangular number">triangular number</a>, the sum of the first 36 numbers (1+2+3+4+5+6+...+36 = 666)".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beast's identity and the beast's number are usually interpreted by applying one of three methods:<sup id="cite_ref-Beale-1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beale-1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 718">: 718 </span></sup> </p> <ol><li>Using <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a> to find the numbers that equate to the names of world leaders, to check for a match with the scriptural number.</li> <li>Treating the number of the beast as a duration of time.</li> <li>Linking the scriptural imagery and symbolism of the <a href="/wiki/Antichrist_(historicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antichrist (historicism)">Antichrist</a> with characteristics of world leaders who oppose Christianity.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identification_by_gematria">Identification by gematria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Identification by gematria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">isopsephy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a>, every letter has a corresponding numeric value. Summing these numbers gives a numeric value to a word or name. The use of isopsephy to calculate "the number of the beast" is used in many of the below interpretations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nero">Nero</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nero_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nero_1.JPG/220px-Nero_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nero_1.JPG/330px-Nero_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nero_1.JPG/440px-Nero_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2577" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Nero at <a href="/wiki/Musei_Capitolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Musei Capitolini">Musei Capitolini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 1830s, theologians like <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Fritzsche" title="Christian Friedrich Fritzsche">Christian Friedrich Fritzsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_Benary" title="Franz Ferdinand Benary">Franz Ferdinand Benary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Hitzig" title="Ferdinand Hitzig">Ferdinand Hitzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Guillaume_Eug%C3%A8ne_Reuss" title="Édouard Guillaume Eugène Reuss">Eduard Reuss</a> pointed the number 666 to <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a>, who was the first emperor to have persecuted Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterist</a> theologians typically support the interpretation that 666 is the numerical equivalent of the name and title <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> 54–68 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-Cory-2006_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cory-2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-just_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-just-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written in Aramaic, this can be valued at 666 using the Hebrew numerology of gematria, and was used to secretly speak against the emperor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Are there indeed other sources which refer to Nero as 666? That seems to be implied here. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, "Nero Caesar" in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew alphabet</a> is <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נרון קסר</span></span> <i>NRON QSR</i>, which when <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet#Numeric_values_of_letters" title="Hebrew alphabet">interpreted numerically</a> represents the numbers 50 200 6 50 100 60 200, which add up to 666, although this has been disputed by some who note that the second <a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">Nun</a> is in its final form (sofit) and thereby the value would be 700 instead of 50 which would make Caesar's name add to 1316 instead of 666.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek term <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χάραγμα</span></span> (<b>charagma</b>, "mark" in Revelation 13:16) was most commonly used for imprints on documents or coins. Charagma is well attested to have been an imperial seal of the Roman Empire used on official documents during the 1st and 2nd centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (249–251 AD), those who did not possess the certificate of sacrifice (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Libellus" title="Libellus">libellus</a></i></span>) to Caesar could not pursue trades, a prohibition that conceivably goes back to Nero, reminding one of Revelation 13:17.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preterists argue that Revelation was written before the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">destruction of the Temple</a>, with Nero exiling John to Patmos.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars, however, argue it was written after Nero committed suicide in AD 68. <i>Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia</i> has noted that Revelation was "written during the latter part of the reign of the Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>, probably in A.D. 95 or 96".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional Protestant scholars are in agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because some people believe Revelation 13 speaks of a future <a href="/wiki/Prophetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic">prophetic</a> event, "All who dwell on the earth <em>will</em> worship him, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world." (Revelation 13:8 NKJV), some have argued that the interpretation of Nero meeting the fulfillment is an impossibility if Revelation was written around 30 years <em>after</em> the death of Nero.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, rumors circulated that Nero had not really died and would return to power.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been suggested that the numerical reference to Nero was a code to imply but not directly identify emperor Domitian,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose style of rulership resembled that of Nero, who heavily taxed the people of <a href="/wiki/Asia_(Roman_province)" title="Asia (Roman province)">Asia (Lydia)</a>, to whom the Book of Revelation was primarily addressed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popular <a href="/wiki/Nero_Redivivus_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Nero Redivivus legend">Nero Redivivus legend</a> stating that Nero would return to life can also be noted; "After Nero's suicide in AD 68, there was a widespread belief, especially in the eastern provinces, that he was not dead and somehow would return.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Suetonius</a> (XL) relates how court astrologers had predicted Nero's fall but that he would have power in the east. And, indeed, at least three false claimants did present themselves as Nero <i>redivivus</i> (resurrected).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> scroll from <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Murabba%27at" title="Wadi Murabba'at">Wadi Murabba'at</a>, dated to "the second year of Emperor Nero", refers to him by his name and title.<sup id="cite_ref-Hillers,_65_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillers,_65-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hebrew it is <i>Nron Qsr</i> (pronounced "Nerōn Kaisar"). In Latin it is <i>Nro Qsr</i> (pronounced "Nerō Kaisar"). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <dl><dt>Nron Qsr</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg/220px-Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg/330px-Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg/440px-Athanasius_Kircher_666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="3496" /></a><figcaption>Gematria by <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>, calculating various "names of the beast" (<i>Lageinos</i>, <i>Teitan</i>, <i>Lampetis</i>, <i>Antemos</i>) that sum to 666, and summing Jesus' name to 888</figcaption></figure> <p>The Greek version of the name and title <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliterates</a> into <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נרון קסר</span></span>, and yields a numerical value of 666,<sup id="cite_ref-Hillers,_65_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hillers,_65-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as shown: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; float: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Resh" title="Resh">Resh</a></i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ר</span></span>)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Samekh" title="Samekh">Samekh</a></i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ס</span></span>)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Qoph" title="Qoph">Qoph</a></i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ק</span></span>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)"><i>Nun</i></a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נ</span></span>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vav_(letter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vav (letter)"><i>Vav</i></a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ו</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Resh</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ר</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Nun</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נ</span></span>)</td> <td><b>Sum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>60</td> <td>100</td> <td>50</td> <td>6</td> <td>200</td> <td>50</td> <td><b>666</b> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Nro Qsr</dt></dl> <p>The Latin version of the name drops the second <a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">Nun</a> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נ</span></span>), so that it appears as <i>Nro</i> and transliterates into <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נרו קסר</span></span>, yielding 616:<sup id="cite_ref-Cory-2006_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cory-2006-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; float: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><i>Resh</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ר</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Samekh</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ס</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Qoph</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ק</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Vav</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ו</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Resh</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ר</span></span>)</td> <td><i>Nun</i> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">נ</span></span>)</td> <td><b>Sum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>60</td> <td>100</td> <td>6</td> <td>200</td> <td>50</td> <td><b>616</b> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muhammad">Muhammad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Muhammad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Christian_view_of_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Christian view of Muhammad">Medieval Christian view of Muhammad</a></div> <p>Gematria has also been used with the word <i>Maometis</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Μαομέτις</span>); which scholars have described as a dubiously obscure Latinisation of a Greek transliteration of the Arabic name <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(name)" title="Muhammad (name)"><big>محمد</big> (Muhammad)</a>. A leading proponent of the Maometis interpretation was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Walmesley" title="Charles Walmesley">Walmesley</a>, the Roman Catholic bishop of Rama.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other proponents include 16–17th-century Catholic theologians <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Genebrard" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Genebrard">Gilbert Genebrard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Feuardent" title="François Feuardent">François Feuardent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Massuet" title="René Massuet">René Massuet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.ca_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.ca-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maometis in <a href="/wiki/Greek_numerals" title="Greek numerals">Greek numerals</a> totals 666: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">Μ</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Α">α</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ο">ο</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="Μ">μ</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%95" class="mw-redirect" title="Ε">ε</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Τ">τ</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Ι">ι</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/%CE%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Σ">ς</a></span></span> </span></td> <td><b>Sum</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>1</td> <td>70</td> <td>40</td> <td>5</td> <td>300</td> <td>10</td> <td>200</td> <td><b>666</b> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Thom (1923)<sup id="cite_ref-Thom-1923_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thom-1923-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rejects "Maometis" as a valid translation, observing that </p> <dl><dd>"of the seven different ways in which Muhammad's name is written in Euthymius and [by] the Byzantine historians, not <i>one</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> in question".</dd></dl> <p>None of the spellings actually used add up to 666 under Greek gematria.<sup id="cite_ref-Thom-1923_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thom-1923-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Setton" title="Kenneth Setton">Setton</a> (1992) is critical of the idea: Muhammad was frequently defamed and made a subject of <i>legends</i>, taught by preachers as <i>fact</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer-Setton-1992_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-Setton-1992-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 1–5">: 1–5 </span></sup> For example, in order to show that Muhammad was the anti-Christ, it was asserted that Muhammad died not in the year 632 but in the year 666. In another variation on the theme the number "666" was also used to represent the period of time Muslims would hold sway of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyer-Setton-1992_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyer-Setton-1992-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 4–15">: 4–15 </span></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/Quia_maior" title="Quia maior">Quia maior</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> calling for the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euthymius_Zygabenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Euthymius Zygabenus">Euthymius Zygabenus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Zonaras</a> wrote the name as "Maometh" and <a href="/wiki/Cedrenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedrenus">Cedrenus</a> wrote the name "Mouchoumet" none of which is the "Maometis" in question. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="King_of_Israel">King of Israel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: King of Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fr. Sloet of Holland proposed the title of Antichrist as king of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote that, "The Jews have ever looked forward to the Messiah as a great leader to restore the kingdom of Israel. They rejected Jesus because He did not fulfill this expectation... He will be king of a restored Israel, not only king, but the king par excellence. In Hebrew this idea could be expressed by the words (hammelek l'Yisrael), which have the requisite numerical value of 666; but in order to obtain this number kaph medial (כ) must be used in melek (king) instead of kaph final (ך‎)."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solomon’s_Splendor"><span id="Solomon.E2.80.99s_Splendor"></span>Solomon’s Splendor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Solomon’s Splendor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In both <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_10" title="1 Kings 10">1 Kings 10</a>:14 and <a href="/wiki/2_Chronicles_9" title="2 Chronicles 9">2 Chronicles 9</a>:13 it reads: "The weight of the gold that Solomon received yearly was 666 talents".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2020 paper by Bodner & Strawn, they seem to indicate that the number 666 is associated with Solomon in his downfall, as it's "an important notice of this king's wayward and unjust practices [..] and eschewing of God's law". But they also conclude that "the origin of this number is not yet clear". And: "If Irenaeus was unclear about 666 already in the second century, the twenty-first century can be no more certain."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="To_Méga_Thēríon"><span id="To_M.C3.A9ga_Th.C4.93r.C3.ADon"></span>To Méga Thēríon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: To Méga Thēríon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a> (1875–1947), the English <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">ceremonial magician</a> who founded the religion <a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a>, self-identified as the <a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Beast</a> prophesied in Revelation and used the name <span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">Τὸ Μέγα Θηρίον</span> (<i>To Méga Thēríon</i>), Greek for "The Great Beast", which adds up to 666 by <a href="/wiki/Isopsephy" title="Isopsephy">isopsephy</a>, the Greek form of <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mark_of_the_beast">Mark of the beast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mark of the beast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mark of the beast" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mark_of_the_Beast_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mark of the Beast (disambiguation)">Mark of the Beast</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_(Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse)._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png/220px-Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png/330px-Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png/440px-Ms._931_New_Testament._Revelation_%28Elizabeth_Day_McCormick_Apocalypse%29._Greg._2402_p_228_%CF%87%CE%BE%CF%82.png 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Putting the mark of χξς' (666) in peoples' forehead</figcaption></figure> <p>Revelation also references a <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">charagma</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χάραγμα</span></span>), translated as <i>mark of the beast</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads:<br />And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Revelation chapter 13:16–17</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> is commonly dated to about AD 95, as suggested by clues in the visions pointing to the reign of the emperor Domitian.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> (c. 130 – c. 202 AD), a former student of <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a>, who in turn had been a disciple of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a>, knew that John had written the Revelation not that long ago, since he mentions it was written: "almost in our own generation, in the last years of Domitian's reign".<sup id="cite_ref-Against_Heresies_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_Heresies-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Irenaeus also wrote that it is "more certain, and less hazardous, to await the fulfilment of the prophecy, than to be making surmises" regarding the meaning of the number. In fact, he mentioned multiple other solutions of the number, like Evanthas (ΕΥΑΝΘΑΣ), Teitan (ΤΕΙΤΑΝ) and Lateinos (ΛΑΤΕΙΝΟΣ). On the latter, Irenaeus wrote further: "it is a very probable [solution], this being the name of the last kingdom [of the four seen by Daniel]".<sup id="cite_ref-Against_Heresies_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_Heresies-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various secular authors and scholars on <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a> have commented the meaning of the mark of the beast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preterist_view">Preterist view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Preterist view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common <a href="/wiki/Preterist" class="mw-redirect" title="Preterist">preterist</a> view of the mark of the beast (focusing on the past) is the stamped image of the emperor's head on every coin of the Roman Empire: the stamp on the hand or in the mind of all, without which no one could buy or sell.<sup id="cite_ref-spilsbury2002_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spilsbury2002-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Testament scholar C.C. Hill notes, "It is far more probable that the mark symbolizes the all-embracing economic power of Rome, whose very coinage bore the emperor's image and conveyed his claims to divinity (e.g., by including the sun's rays in the ruler's portrait). It had become increasingly difficult for Christians to function in a world in which public life, including the economic life of the trade guilds, required participation in idolatry."<sup id="cite_ref-Hill-2002_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill-2002-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adela_Yarbro_Collins" title="Adela Yarbro Collins">Adela Yarbro Collins</a> further denotes that the refusal to use Roman coins resulted in the condition where "no man might buy or sell".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar view is offered by Craig R. Koester. "As sales were made, people used coins that bore the images of Rome's gods and emperors. Thus each transaction that used such coins was a reminder that people were advancing themselves economically by relying on political powers that did not recognize the true God."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 66 AD, when Nero was emperor—about the time some scholars say Revelation was written—the Jews revolted against Rome and <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish_Revolt_coinage" title="First Jewish Revolt coinage">coined their own money</a>. </p><p>The passage is also seen as an antithetical parallelism to the Jewish institution of <i><a href="/wiki/Tefillin" title="Tefillin">tefillin</a></i>—<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> texts worn bound to the arm and the forehead during daily prayer. Instead of binding their allegiance to God to their arm and head, the place is instead taken with people's allegiance to the beast.<sup id="cite_ref-spilsbury2002_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spilsbury2002-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idealist_view">Idealist view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Idealist view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">symbolic</a> approach, is an interpretation of the book of Revelation that sees the imagery of the book as non-literal <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idealist perspective on the number of the beast rejects <a href="/wiki/Gematria" title="Gematria">gematria</a>, envisioning the number not as a code to be broken, but a symbol to be understood. Idealists would contend that because there are so many names that can come to 666 and that most systems require converting names to other languages or adding titles when convenient, it has been impossible to come to a consensus. </p><p>Given that numbers are used figuratively throughout the Book of Revelation, idealists interpret this number figuratively as well. The common suggestion is that because seven is a number of "completeness" and is associated with the divine, six is "incomplete", and the three sixes are "inherently incomplete".<sup id="cite_ref-Beale-1999_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beale-1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 722">: 722 </span></sup> The number is therefore suggestive that the Dragon and his beasts are profoundly deficient. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historicist_view">Historicist view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Historicist view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicists</a> believe Revelation articulates a full range of the history of the Christian church, from John's day to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> of Christ. The author alludes to Daniel 2:28 and 2:45; Daniel's vision (Daniel 2) uses symbols giving a sequence of future events in history, from the Babylonian empire, through Medo-Persian period, Greece and Rome, continuing until the end of the current civilization. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Confession" title="Augsburg Confession">Augsburg confession</a> given to <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> in its 28th article stated "They likewise cite that the Sabbath has been changed to Sunday contrary to the Ten Commandments, as they see it, and no example is hyped and cited so much as the changing of the Sabbath, and they thereby wish to preserve the great authority of the church, since it has dispensed with the Ten Commandments and altered something in them."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rome was identified as the little horn power that changed times and laws (Daniel 7:25). Some Protestants such as the London minister Thomas Tillam and court physician <a href="/wiki/Peter_Chamberlen_the_third" title="Peter Chamberlen the third">Peter Chamberlen</a> during the reformation began to identify Sunday worship as the Mark of the Beast.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This apocalyptic volume builds on Daniel's approach focusing on major points of Christian history: the cross of Christ (Rev. 5:6,9,12); the <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> (Rev. 14:14–16; 19:11–16); the 1,000 years in heaven (Rev. 20:4–6); the third advent of Christ to earth along with his loyal followers and the destruction of Satan and those who refused Christ (Rev. 20:7–15); and the creation of a new heavens and a new earth where death, sorrow, and sin cease and God dwells with His people (Rev. 21:1–8, 21:22–27; 22:1–5). The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> is divided into two parts: The historical narrative of the captivity of Judah, and the prophecies pointing to both promised Messiah and the events of the end of the world. Attention to the text of Revelation aids the student of <a href="/wiki/Bible_prophecy" title="Bible prophecy">Bible prophecy</a> by showing how the Apostle John and Jesus intended us to interpret Bible <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">apocalyptic literature</a> as found in Daniel.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventists" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventists</a> taking this view believe that the 'mark of the beast' (but not the number 666) refers to a future, universal, legally enforced Sunday-sacredness. "Those who reject God's memorial of creatorship—the Bible Sabbath—choosing to worship and honor Sunday in the full knowledge that it is not God's appointed day of worship, will receive the 'mark of the beast'."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Sunday Sabbath is purely a child of the Papacy. It is the mark of the beast."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the encyclical <a href="/wiki/Dies_Domini" title="Dies Domini">Dies Domini</a>, Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a> stated that "The Sunday assembly is the privileged place of unity: it is the setting for the celebration of the <i>sacramentum unitatis</i> which <u>profoundly marks</u> the Church" and this was also repeated in other catechisms and documents.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adventists note the old testament definition of a hand and forehead mark in texts like Exodus 13:9, Exodus 31:13-17, Ezekiel 20:12 provide important understanding of terms in Revelation's figurative language. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Seventh Day Adventist Comparisons of Revelation's warnings with the Decalogue </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Do not worship the beast </td> <td>Commandment 1 <p>Thou shalt have no other gods before me. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do not worship the image of the beast </td> <td>Commandment 2 <p>Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me; And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do not receive the name of the beast </td> <td>Commandment 3 <p>Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Do not honor Sunday with worship. </td> <td>Commandment 4 <p>Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Futurist_view">Futurist view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Futurist view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">fundamentalist Christian</a> groups, as well as various Christian writers in other traditions, interpret the mark as a requirement for all commerce to mean that the mark might actually be an object in the right hand or forehead with the function of a credit card, such as <a href="/wiki/Microchip_implant_(human)" title="Microchip implant (human)">RFID microchip implants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheeres_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheeres-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these groups believe the implantation of chips may be the imprinting of the mark of the beast, prophesied to be a requirement for all trade and a precursor to God's wrath.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar objections were raised about <a href="/wiki/Barcode" title="Barcode">barcodes</a> upon their introduction.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, some groups associated <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">mask wearing</a> with the mark of the beast, or that it was a microchip in the vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some religious leaders spoke out against this as a misinterpretation of Revelation 13:16-18.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medical institutions such as <a href="/wiki/Hennepin_County_Medical_Center" title="Hennepin County Medical Center">Hennepin County Medical Center</a> noted this in their fact sheets about the vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar version was spread by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a>, who referred to vaccine passports as being the mark of the beast.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerical_significance">Numerical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Numerical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/%27Abdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abdu'l-Bahá">'Abdu'l-Bahá</a> states that the numerical value given to the beast referred to the year<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Muawiyah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Muawiyah I">Muawiyah I</a> took office as Caliph in 661 AD. He opposed the <a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a>, according to the beliefs of <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, who continued to pay the tax required of nonbelievers and were excluded from government and the military, and thus bore a social "mark".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See also the <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">scholarly accepted year of birth of Jesus</a> about 666 years before as well as the concept of <a href="/wiki/Mawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawali">Mawali</a> who were non-Arab Muslims but not treated as other Muslims.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jehovah's_Witnesses"><span id="Jehovah.27s_Witnesses"></span>Jehovah's Witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jehovah's Witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> believe that the beast identified by the number 666 represents the world's unified governments in opposition to God. The beast is said to have "a human number" in that the represented governments are of a human origin rather than spirit entities. The number 666 is said to identify "gross shortcoming and failure in the eyes of Jehovah", in contrast to the number 7, which is seen as symbolizing perfection.<sup id="cite_ref-jw_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jw-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fear_and_superstition">Fear and superstition<span class="anchor" id="Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hexakosioihekkaidekaphobia"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hexaphobia"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fear and superstition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fear of 666 (six hundred sixty-six) as the number of the beast is called <b>hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia</b> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg\/EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg/EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg" title="File:EN-hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variant phobias are called <b>hexakosioihekkaidekaphobia</b>, which is the fear of 616 (six hundred sixteen), and <b>hexaphobia</b>, which is the fear of 6 (six). Known cases of these fears include: </p> <ul><li>In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, when moving to their home in the <a href="/wiki/Bel-Air,_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel-Air, Los Angeles">Bel-Air</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> after the latter left presidency of the United States that same year, had its address—666 St. Cloud Road—changed to <a href="/wiki/668_St._Cloud_Road" title="668 St. Cloud Road">668 St. Cloud Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2003, U.S. Route 666 in New Mexico was changed to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_491#Elimination_and_renumbering_of_US_666" title="U.S. Route 491">U.S. Route 491</a>. A New Mexico spokesperson stated, "The devil's out of here, and we say goodbye and good riddance."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some women expressed concern about giving birth on June 6, 2006 (6/6/06).<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In November 2013, Codie Thacker—a <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_runner" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-country runner">cross-country runner</a> at Whitley County High School in <a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Kentucky" title="Williamsburg, Kentucky">Williamsburg, Kentucky</a>—refused to run in her <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_High_School_Athletic_Association" title="Kentucky High School Athletic Association">Kentucky High School Athletic Association</a> regional meet, forfeiting a chance at qualifying for the state championships, when her coach drew bib number 666.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2015, US Representative <a href="/wiki/Joe_Barton" title="Joe Barton">Joe Barton</a> had the number of a legislative bill he had introduced changed from 666 to 702 because "the original bill number carried many different negative connotations", according to a spokesperson.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, church leaders in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> were concerned by newspaper reports that the Governor-General had been requested to sign 666 writs for an upcoming election. They were reassured by the Electoral Commissioner that the number merely reflected 6 copies of each writ for 111 electorates.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 2017, flight AY666 from Copenhagen to Helsinki (HEL) departed for the last time before being renamed to AY954. Since 2006, the flight had been scheduled on a <a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th" title="Friday the 13th">Friday the 13th</a> on 21 occasions. A <a href="/wiki/Finnair" title="Finnair">Finnair</a> spokesperson said that the number had not been renamed due to superstitious passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Brookfield_Properties" title="Brookfield Properties">Brookfield Properties</a> decided to renumber 666 Fifth Avenue in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>, which it had just acquired and planned to spend $400 million renovating, to <a href="/wiki/660_Fifth_Avenue" title="660 Fifth Avenue">660 Fifth Avenue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2023, PKS Gdynia, a Polish bus operator, decided to renumber line 666, which runs to <a href="/wiki/Hel,_Poland" title="Hel, Poland">Hel, Poland</a>, a town on the <a href="/wiki/Hel_Peninsula" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel Peninsula</a>, to 669.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearances_in_entertainment_media">Appearances in entertainment media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Appearances in entertainment media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_666" title="Titanic 666">Titanic 666</a> (2022 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_666" title="Studio 666">Studio 666</a> (2022 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/616_Wilford_Lane" title="616 Wilford Lane">616 Wilford Lane</a> (2021 film)</li> <li>Anonymous 616 (2018 film)</li> <li>Flight 666 (2018 film)</li> <li>6:66 P.M. (2017 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_the_Devil%27s_Child" title="666 the Devil's Child">666 the Devil's Child</a> (2014 film)</li> <li>666: The Beast (2007 film)</li> <li>666: The Child (2006 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Omen" title="The Omen">The Omen</a> (1976 film)</li> <li>In Search Of The Great Beast 666 (2007 documentary)</li> <li>666 - World Divided (2022 song by <a href="/wiki/Kreator" title="Kreator">Kreator</a>)</li> <li>616 (2014 song by Martyr Defiled)</li> <li>Party with the Devil (2012 song by <a href="/wiki/Attila_(metalcore_band)" title="Attila (metalcore band)">Attila</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(album)" title="The Number of the Beast (album)">The Number of the Beast</a> (1982 album by <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_(band)" title="666 (band)">666 (band)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth-616" title="Earth-616">Earth-616</a> (Marvel Comics)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/32px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/48px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg/64px-Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1993" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666 (number)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_8" title="Daniel 8">2300 day prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_numerology" title="Biblical numerology">Biblical numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0#Classical_antiquity" title="0">Classical antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day-year_principle" title="Day-year principle">Day-year principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Monarchists" title="Fifth Monarchists">Fifth Monarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_branding" title="Human branding">Human branding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phobias" title="List of phobias">List of phobias</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Numerophobia" title="Numerophobia">Numerophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_for_the_number_0" title="Names for the number 0">Names for the number 0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology_and_the_Church_Fathers#Irenaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerology and the Church Fathers">Numerology and the Church Fathers § Irenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_Beasts" title="The Queen's Beasts">The Queen's Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">Tetraphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion (Thelema)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_sign" title="V sign">V sign</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berthold-Bond (1989)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notes in consensus that Revelation was written around 95 AD.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Lewis (n.d.),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with other scholars, notes that Revelation was written about 95 AD.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Revelation#13:18" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/Revelation">Revelation 13:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stewart-Ehrman-Wallace-2011_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStewartEhrmanWallace2011" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Robert B.; Ehrman, Bart D.; Wallace, Daniel B. (2011). <i>The reliability of the New Testament</i>. Minneapolis, MN: <a href="/wiki/Fortress_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress Press">Fortress Press</a>. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-9773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-9773-0"><bdi>978-0-8006-9773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+reliability+of+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+MN&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-9773-0&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft.au=Ehrman%2C+Bart+D.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Daniel+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ng616-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ng616_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ng616_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110172555/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/0425_050425_papyrus_2.html">"Papyrus reveals new clues to ancient world"</a>. <i>News.nationalgeographic.com</i>. National Geographic Society. April 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/0425_050425_papyrus_2.html">the original</a> on 10 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=Papyrus+reveals+new+clues+to+ancient+world&rft.date=2005-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F04%2F0425_050425_papyrus_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Novum Testamentum Graece</i>, Nestle and Aland, 1991, footnote to verse 13:18 of Revelation, page 659: "<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">-σιοι δέκα ἕξ</span></span>" as found in <i>C</i> [<i>C</i>=<a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a>]; for English see Metzger's <i>Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament</i>, note on verse 13:18 of Revelation, page 750: "the numeral 616 was also read ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/revelationofstjo00full#page/226/mode/2up">Samuel Fuller, <i>The Revelation of St. John the Divine self-interpreted</i>, page 226</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAland1983" class="citation book cs1">Aland, Kurt (1983). <i>The Greek New Testament</i> (Third ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. p. 892. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-438-05111-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-438-05111-7"><bdi>3-438-05111-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+New+Testament&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=892&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=United+Bible+Societies&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=3-438-05111-7&rft.aulast=Aland&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gateway-stephanus-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gateway-stephanus_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:18;&version=69;">"Revelation 13:18"</a>. <i>Stephanus New Testament</i>. Bible Gateway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301102558/http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:18;&version=69;">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stephanus+New+Testament&rft.atitle=Revelation+13%3A18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRevelation%252013%3A18%3B%26version%3D69%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Textus Receptus Greek NT (edition Stephanus, 1550): Revelation 13:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblos.com/revelation/13-17.htm">17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110915062455/http://biblos.com/revelation/13-17.htm">Archived</a> 15 September 2011 at Wikiwix and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblos.com/revelation/13-18.htm">18</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110915062456/http://biblos.com/revelation/13-18.htm">Archived</a> 15 September 2011 at Wikiwix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gateway-westcott-hort-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gateway-westcott-hort_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:18;&version=68;">"Revelation 13:18"</a>. <i>Westcott-Hort New Testament</i>. Bible Gateway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203184504/http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:18;&version=68;">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westcott-Hort+New+Testament&rft.atitle=Revelation+13%3A18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DRevelation%252013%3A18%3B%26version%3D68%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexandrinus-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alexandrinus_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060323002944/http://www.csntm.org/Manuscripts/GA%2002/GA02_132b.jpg">"Revelation 13:18"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a></i>. Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csntm.org/Manuscripts/GA%2002/GA02_132b.jpg">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(JPEG)</span> on 23 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Codex+Alexandrinus&rft.atitle=Revelation+13%3A18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsntm.org%2FManuscripts%2FGA%252002%2FGA02_132b.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/gnt/rev013.htm#017">"Revelation in the 26th/27th edition of the Novum Testamentum Graece"</a>. Sacred-texts.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140823090613/http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/gnt/rev013.htm#017">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revelation+in+the+26th%2F27th+edition+of+the+Novum+Testamentum+Graece&rft.pub=Sacred-texts.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fbib%2Fgnt%2Frev013.htm%23017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_C._Parker" title="David C. Parker">Parker, David C.</a> (2009). <i>Manuscripts, Texts, Theology: Collected papers 1977–2007</i> ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Berlin, DE: <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021193-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-021193-1"><bdi>978-3-11-021193-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuscripts%2C+Texts%2C+Theology%3A+Collected+papers+1977%E2%80%932007&rft.place=Berlin%2C+DE&rft.pages=73&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-11-021193-1&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2005" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Tom (1 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/revelation-666-is-not-the-number-of-the-beast-its-a-devilish-616-5349692.html">"Revelation! 666 is not the number of the beast (it's a devilish 616)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160130214939/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/revelation-666-is-not-the-number-of-the-beast-its-a-devilish-616-5349692.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2009</span>. <q>[...] 616 refers to the Emperor Caligula.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Revelation%21+666+is+not+the+number+of+the+beast+%28it%27s+a+devilish+616%29&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Frevelation-666-is-not-the-number-of-the-beast-its-a-devilish-616-5349692.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon.)1560" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lyon.), Saint Irenaeus (Bishop of (1560). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tOBBAQAAMAAJ&q=%22facie+ad+facie%22"><i>Opvs ervditissimvm Divi Irenaei episcopi Lvgdvnensis, in qvinqve libros digestvm: in qvibvs mire retegit et confvtat vetervm haereseōn impias ac portentosas opiniones, ex uetustissimorum codicum collatione quantum licuit</i></a> (in Latin). Froben. p. 335.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opvs+ervditissimvm+Divi+Irenaei+episcopi+Lvgdvnensis%2C+in+qvinqve+libros+digestvm%3A+in+qvibvs+mire+retegit+et+confvtat+vetervm+haerese%C5%8Dn+impias+ac+portentosas+opiniones%2C+ex+uetustissimorum+codicum+collatione+quantum+licuit&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Froben&rft.date=1560&rft.aulast=Lyon.%29&rft.aufirst=Saint+Irenaeus+%28Bishop+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOBBAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522facie%2Bad%2Bfacie%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">De Monogramm., ed. Dom G. Morin in Revue Bénédictine, 1903</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0347-0420__Hieronymus__Divina_Bibliotheca_58_Beati_Joannis_Apocalypsis__MLT.pdf.html">"Hieronymus – Divina Bibliotheca 58 Beati Joannis Apocalypsis [0347-0420] Full Text at Documenta Catholica Omnia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304075141/http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/04z/z_0347-0420__Hieronymus__Divina_Bibliotheca_58_Beati_Joannis_Apocalypsis__MLT.pdf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hieronymus+%E2%80%93+Divina+Bibliotheca+58+Beati+Joannis+Apocalypsis+%26%2391%3B0347-0420%26%2393%3B+Full+Text+at+Documenta+Catholica+Omnia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentacatholicaomnia.eu%2F04z%2Fz_0347-0420__Hieronymus__Divina_Bibliotheca_58_Beati_Joannis_Apocalypsis__MLT.pdf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span> – "<span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">Qui habet intellectum c(om)putet numerum bestiae. Numerus enim hominis est, et numerus ejus sexcenti sexaginta sex.</span></span>" Compare the Vulgate version: "<span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">qui habet intellectum conputet numerum bestiae numerus enim hominis est et numerus eius est sescenti sexaginta sex</span></span>" at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=13">"Latin Vulgate Bible with Douay-Rheims and King James Version Side-by-Side+Complete Sayings of Jesus Christ"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928064924/http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=13">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+Vulgate+Bible+with+Douay-Rheims+and+King+James+Version+Side-by-Side%2BComplete+Sayings+of+Jesus+Christ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinvulgate.com%2Flv%2Fverse.aspx%3Ft%3D1%26b%3D27%26c%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoskier1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herman_C._Hoskier" title="Herman C. Hoskier">Hoskier, Herman C.</a> (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concerningthetextoftheapocalypsep.1toend"><i>Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse: A complete conspectus of all authorities</i></a>. Vol. 2. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/concerningthetextoftheapocalypsep.1toend/page/n435">364</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concerning+the+Text+of+the+Apocalypse%3A+A+complete+conspectus+of+all+authorities&rft.pages=364&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Hoskier&rft.aufirst=Herman+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconcerningthetextoftheapocalypsep.1toend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip W Comfort and David P Barrett, <i>The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts</i>, (Wheaton, Illinois: <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_House" title="Tyndale House">Tyndale House Publishers Incorporated</a>, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouchoud1932" class="citation book cs1">Couchoud, Paul Louis (1932). <i>A Key to Christian Origins</i>. London, UK: Watts & Co. p. 140.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Key+to+Christian+Origins&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Watts+%26+Co.&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Couchoud&rft.aufirst=Paul+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beale-1999-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beale-1999_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beale-1999_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeale1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Beale" title="Gregory Beale">Beale, G.K.</a> (1999). <i>Revelation: A commentary on the Greek text</i> (3. Dr. ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. <a href="/wiki/Eerdmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Eerdmans">Eerdmans</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2174-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2174-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revelation%3A+A+commentary+on+the+Greek+text&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.edition=3.+Dr.&rft.pub=W.B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2174-4&rft.aulast=Beale&rft.aufirst=G.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vgl. Wilhelm Bousset, <i>Die Offenbarung Johannis</i>, Göttingen 1906, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Die_Offenbarung_Johannis/Die_Anbahnung_der_richtigen_Auffassung_der_Apk" class="extiw" title="s:Die Offenbarung Johannis/Die Anbahnung der richtigen Auffassung der Apk">S. 105f</a>. Dort auch die Werke der oben angeführten Exegeten.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cory-2006-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cory-2006_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cory-2006_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCory2006" class="citation book cs1">Cory, Catherine A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzzAFl2ONfAC&pg=PA61"><i>The Book of Revelation</i></a>. Collegeville, MN: <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical Press">Liturgical Press</a>. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-2885-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-2885-0"><bdi>978-0-8146-2885-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Revelation&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+MN&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-2885-0&rft.aulast=Cory&rft.aufirst=Catherine+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzzAFl2ONfAC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrow1997" class="citation book cs1">Garrow, A.J.P. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkOg-tEYbR4C&pg=PA86"><i>Revelation</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14641-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14641-8"><bdi>978-0-415-14641-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revelation&rft.place=London&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14641-8&rft.aulast=Garrow&rft.aufirst=A.J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSkOg-tEYbR4C%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnORJqkR7qsC&pg=RA7-PT1423"><i>The Catholic Youth Bible: New American Bible including the revised Psalms and the revised New Testament</i></a> (rev. ed.). Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-798-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88489-798-9"><bdi>978-0-88489-798-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20171024043339/https://books.google.com/books?id=SnORJqkR7qsC&pg=RA7-PT1423">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2017. <q>Translated from the original languages with critical use of all the ancient sources.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Youth+Bible%3A+New+American+Bible+including+the+revised+Psalms+and+the+revised+New+Testament&rft.place=Winona%2C+MN&rft.edition=rev.&rft.pub=Saint+Mary%27s+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-88489-798-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSnORJqkR7qsC%26pg%3DRA7-PT1423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-just-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-just_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJust2002" class="citation web cs1">Just, Felix (2 February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/666.htm#Academic">"666: The Number of the Beast"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613102057/http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/666.htm#Academic">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=666%3A+The+Number+of+the+Beast&rft.date=2002-02-02&rft.aulast=Just&rft.aufirst=Felix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholic-resources.org%2FBible%2F666.htm%23Academic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillers1963" class="citation journal cs1">Hillers, D.R. (1963). "Revelation 13:18 and a Scroll from Murabba'at". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Schools_of_Oriental_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research">Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</a></i>. <b>170</b> (170): 65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1355990">10.2307/1355990</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-097X">0003-097X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1355990">1355990</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163790686">163790686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=Revelation+13%3A18+and+a+Scroll+from+Murabba%27at&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=170&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1963&rft.issn=0003-097X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163790686%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1355990%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1355990&rft.aulast=Hillers&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown,_Raymond_E.Fitzmyer,_Joseph_A.Murphy,_Roland_E.1990" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E.; Fitzmyer, Joseph A.; Murphy, Roland E., eds. (1990). <i>The New Jerome Biblical Commentary</i>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. p. 1009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Jerome+Biblical+Commentary&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+NJ&rft.pages=1009&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHead2000" class="citation journal cs1">Head, Peter M. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117032704/http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Tyndale/staff/Head/NTOxyPap.htm">"Some recently published NT papyri from Oxyrhynchus: An overview and preliminary assessment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_Bulletin" title="Tyndale Bulletin">Tyndale Bulletin</a></i>. <b>51</b>: 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.53751%2F001c.30281">10.53751/001c.30281</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:69099150">69099150</a>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Tyndale/staff/Head/NTOxyPap.htm#_ftn39">the original</a></span> on 17 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tyndale+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Some+recently+published+NT+papyri+from+Oxyrhynchus%3A+An+overview+and+preliminary+assessment&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=1-16&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.53751%2F001c.30281&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A69099150%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Head&rft.aufirst=Peter+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tyndale.cam.ac.uk%2FTyndale%2Fstaff%2FHead%2FNTOxyPap.htm%23_ftn39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706055831/http://98.131.162.170//tynbul/library/TynBull_2000_51_1_01_Head_OxyrhynchusPapyri.pdf">"Some recently published NT papyri from Oxyrhynchus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. online copy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://98.131.162.170//tynbul/library/TynBull_2000_51_1_01_Head_OxyrhynchusPapyri.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Some+recently+published+NT+papyri+from+Oxyrhynchus&rft.series=online+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F98.131.162.170%2F%2Ftynbul%2Flibrary%2FTynBull_2000_51_1_01_Head_OxyrhynchusPapyri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesFlaxman2009" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Marie D.; Flaxman, Larry (15 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-95EDwAAQBAJ&dq=sofit+nun+700&pg=PA51"><i>11:11 The Time Prompt Phenomenon: The Meaning Behind Mysterious Signs, Sequences, and Synchronicities</i></a>. Red Wheel/Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60163-999-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60163-999-8"><bdi>978-1-60163-999-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=11%3A11+The+Time+Prompt+Phenomenon%3A+The+Meaning+Behind+Mysterious+Signs%2C+Sequences%2C+and+Synchronicities&rft.pub=Red+Wheel%2FWeiser&rft.date=2009-02-15&rft.isbn=978-1-60163-999-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Marie+D.&rft.au=Flaxman%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-95EDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsofit%2Bnun%2B700%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElwell1996" class="citation book cs1">Elwell, Walter A., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/Dictionaries/BakersEvangelicalDictionary/bed.cgi?number=T462"><i>Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology</i></a>. Grand Rapids, MI: <a href="/wiki/Baker_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Baker Books">Baker Books</a> [u.a.] p. 462. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-2049-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-2049-2"><bdi>0-8010-2049-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evangelical+Dictionary+of+Biblical+Theology&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pages=462&rft.pub=Baker+Books+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8010-2049-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblestudytools.com%2FDictionaries%2FBakersEvangelicalDictionary%2Fbed.cgi%3Fnumber%3DT462&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPateHaines1995" class="citation book cs1">Pate, C. Marvin; Haines, Calvin B. (1995). <i>Doomsday delusions: what's wrong with predictions about the end of the world</i>. Downers Grove, IL: <a href="/wiki/InterVarsity_Press" title="InterVarsity Press">InterVarsity Press</a>. pp. 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1621-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8308-1621-7"><bdi>978-0-8308-1621-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doomsday+delusions%3A+what%27s+wrong+with+predictions+about+the+end+of+the+world&rft.place=Downers+Grove%2C+IL&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8308-1621-7&rft.aulast=Pate&rft.aufirst=C.+Marvin&rft.au=Haines%2C+Calvin+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson,_J.1976" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, J. (1976). <i>Before Jerusalem Fell</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Jerusalem+Fell&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStravinskas,_Peter_M.J.Shaw,_Russell_B.1998" class="citation book cs1">Stravinskas, Peter M.J.; Shaw, Russell B. (1998). Stravinskas, Peter M.J. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vJ78Vd4O9d4C&q=%22Written+during+the+latter+part%22&pg=PA861"><i>Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia</i></a>. Our Sunday Visitor Publishing. p. 861. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-669-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87973-669-9"><bdi>978-0-87973-669-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Sunday+Visitor%27s+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=861&rft.pub=Our+Sunday+Visitor+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87973-669-9&rft.au=Stravinskas%2C+Peter+M.J.&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Russell+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvJ78Vd4O9d4C%26q%3D%2522Written%2Bduring%2Bthe%2Blatter%2Bpart%2522%26pg%3DPA861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthold-Bond1989" class="citation book cs1">Berthold-Bond, Daniel (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gZq2HjvC0_wC&q=book+of+Revelation+written+after&pg=PA118"><i>Hegel's Grand Synthesis: A study of being, thought, and history</i></a>. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88706-955-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-88706-955-X"><bdi>0-88706-955-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hegel%27s+Grand+Synthesis%3A+A+study+of+being%2C+thought%2C+and+history&rft.place=Albany%2C+NY&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88706-955-X&rft.aulast=Berthold-Bond&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgZq2HjvC0_wC%26q%3Dbook%2Bof%2BRevelation%2Bwritten%2Bafter%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2010" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Terri, Dr. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n-9MvDyKjcQC&q=book+of+Revelation+written+after&pg=PR9"><i>Understanding the Book of Revelation</i></a>. Xulon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60957-618-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60957-618-9"><bdi>978-1-60957-618-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60957-618-9&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Terri%2C+Dr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn-9MvDyKjcQC%26q%3Dbook%2Bof%2BRevelation%2Bwritten%2Bafter%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidges" class="citation book cs1">Ridges, David J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AaiHXJwClakC&q=book+of+Revelation+written+after&pg=PT404"><i>Part 2: Acts Through Revelation</i></a>. Your Study of the New Testament Made Easier. p. 409. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59955-657-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59955-657-4"><bdi>978-1-59955-657-4</bdi></a>. <q>The <i>Book of Revelation</i> was written by the Apostle John about AD 95.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Part+2%3A+Acts+Through+Revelation&rft.series=Your+Study+of+the+New+Testament+Made+Easier&rft.pages=409&rft.isbn=978-1-59955-657-4&rft.aulast=Ridges&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAaiHXJwClakC%26q%3Dbook%2Bof%2BRevelation%2Bwritten%2Bafter%26pg%3DPT404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-BIGv9vIoqcC&q=book+of+Revelation+written+after&pg=PA733"><i>The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge</i></a>. The New York Times Company. 2007. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37659-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37659-8"><bdi>978-0-312-37659-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times+Guide+to+Essential+Knowledge&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-312-37659-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-BIGv9vIoqcC%26q%3Dbook%2Bof%2BRevelation%2Bwritten%2Bafter%26pg%3DPA733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMays1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Mays" class="mw-redirect" title="James L. Mays">Mays, J.L.</a>, ed. (1988). <i>Harpers Bible Commentary</i>. San Francisco, CA: Harper Collins. p. 1300.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harpers+Bible+Commentary&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=1300&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation book cs1">Burkett, Delbert Royce (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC&q=number+beast+domitian&pg=PA510"><i>An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 510. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00720-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+Origins+of+Christianity&rft.pages=510&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00720-7&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert+Royce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC%26q%3Dnumber%2Bbeast%2Bdomitian%26pg%3DPA510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshe2001" class="citation book cs1">Ashe, Geoffrey (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EKltgn0JVUUC&q=number+beast+domitian&pg=PA204"><i>Encyclopedia of prophecy</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-079-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-079-6"><bdi>978-1-57607-079-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+prophecy&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-079-6&rft.aulast=Ashe&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEKltgn0JVUUC%26q%3Dnumber%2Bbeast%2Bdomitian%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhoads" class="citation book cs1">Rhoads, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4rGPq4fKncIC&q=revelation+beast+domitian+taxation&pg=PA193"><i>From Every People and Nation: The </i>Book of Revelation<i> in intercultural perspective</i></a>. Fortress Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-0618-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4514-0618-4"><bdi>978-1-4514-0618-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Every+People+and+Nation%3A+The+Book+of+Revelation+in+intercultural+perspective&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.isbn=978-1-4514-0618-4&rft.aulast=Rhoads&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4rGPq4fKncIC%26q%3Drevelation%2Bbeast%2Bdomitian%2Btaxation%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaius_Suetonius_Tranquillus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suetonius" title="Suetonius">Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus</a>. <i>[no title cited]</i>. LVII.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5Bno+title+cited%5D&rft.pages=LVII&rft.au=Gaius+Suetonius+Tranquillus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (July 2021)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublius_Cornelius_Tacitus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Publius Cornelius Tacitus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Tacitus)" title="Histories (Tacitus)">Historiae</a></i>. II.8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiae&rft.pages=II.8&rft.au=Publius+Cornelius+Tacitus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span> <br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucius_Cassius_Dio" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Lucius Cassius Dio</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio#Ῥωμαϊκὴ_Ἱστορία" title="Cassius Dio">Historia Romana</a></i>. LXVI.19.3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+Romana&rft.pages=LXVI.19.3&rft.au=Lucius+Cassius+Dio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/nero.html">"Nero as the Antichrist"</a>. <i>Penelope.uchicago.edu</i>. Encyclopaedia Romana. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Penelope.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=Nero+as+the+Antichrist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2F~grout%2Fencyclopaedia_romana%2Fgladiators%2Fnero.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hillers,_65-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hillers,_65_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hillers,_65_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillers1963" class="citation book cs1">Hillers, D.R. (1963). <i>Revelation 13:18 and a Scroll from Murabba'at</i>. Vol. 170. BASOR. p. 65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revelation+13%3A18+and+a+Scroll+from+Murabba%27at&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=BASOR&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Hillers&rft.aufirst=D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2VVIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA407">"Review: <i>The History of Esau</i> considered"</a>. <i>The Gentleman's Magazine</i> (book review). Vol. 10. October 1838. p. 407<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gentleman%27s+Magazine&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+History+of+Esau+considered&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=407&rft.date=1838-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2VVIAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.ca-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.ca_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrady1983" class="citation book cs1">Brady, David (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UUmpvt3hM7cC&pg=PA89"><i>The contribution of British writers ...</i></a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-144497-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-144497-5"><bdi>978-3-16-144497-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2010</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+contribution+of+British+writers+...&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-3-16-144497-5&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUUmpvt3hM7cC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thom-1923-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thom-1923_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thom-1923_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThom1848" class="citation book cs1">Thom, David (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mh0_AAAAYAAJ&q=maometis&pg=PA197"><i>The Number and Names of the Apocalyptic Beasts</i></a>. H.K. Lewis. p. 197. <q>With an explanation and application in two parts: Part 1. <i>The Number</i>, and Part 2. <i>Names</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Number+and+Names+of+the+Apocalyptic+Beasts&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=H.K.+Lewis&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Thom&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMh0_AAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dmaometis%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyer-Setton-1992-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer-Setton-1992_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyer-Setton-1992_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer_Setton1992" class="citation book cs1">Meyer Setton, Kenneth (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hk4LAAAAIAAJ"><i>Western Hostility to Islam and Prophecies of Turkish Doom</i></a>. Diane Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87169-201-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87169-201-5"><bdi>0-87169-201-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Hostility+to+Islam+and+Prophecies+of+Turkish+Doom&rft.pub=Diane+Publishing&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-87169-201-5&rft.aulast=Meyer+Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhk4LAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fr. Sloet in letter to Pere Gallois dated May 18, 1893.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry1921" class="citation book cs1">Berry, Rev. Elwood (1921). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Apocalypse of St. John/Part 2.2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Apocalypse_of_St._John/Part_2.2">"Part 2.2: The Reign and Condemnation of Antichrist" </a></span>. <i>The Apocalypse of St. John</i>. The Catholic Church Supply House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+2.2%3A+The+Reign+and+Condemnation+of+Antichrist&rft.btitle=The+Apocalypse+of+St.+John&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Church+Supply+House&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Rev.+Elwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Kings%2010%3A14-29&version=NIV">"1 Kings 10:14-29"</a>. <i>biblegateway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblegateway.com&rft.atitle=1+Kings+10%3A14-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D1%2520Kings%252010%253A14-29%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Chronicles+9%3A13&version=NIV">"2 Chronicles 9:13"</a>. <i>biblegateway.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblegateway.com&rft.atitle=2+Chronicles+9%3A13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D2%2BChronicles%2B9%253A13%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodnerStrawn2020" class="citation journal cs1">Bodner, Keith; Strawn, Brent A. (1 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/items/e8febe87-db7c-4566-b657-0c8f5f1624e9">"Solomon and 666 (revelation 13.18)"</a>. <i>New Testament Studies</i>. <b>66</b> (2). Cambridge University Press: 299–312. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0028688519000523">10.1017/S0028688519000523</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213360560">213360560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Testament+Studies&rft.atitle=Solomon+and+666+%28revelation+13.18%29&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=299-312&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0028688519000523&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213360560%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bodner&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Strawn%2C+Brent+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdukespace.lib.duke.edu%2Fitems%2Fe8febe87-db7c-4566-b657-0c8f5f1624e9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll,_Robert_Todd2003" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Robert Todd (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepdic.com/crowley.html">"Aleister Crowley"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6FPqDFx40vYC&q=wickedest"><i>The Skeptic's Dictionary</i></a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-27242-6"><bdi>0-471-27242-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aleister+Crowley&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-471-27242-6&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Robert+Todd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskepdic.com%2Fcrowley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley,_Aleister1923" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Aleister (1923). Skinner, Stephan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iw4BG8TVzQUC&q=to+mega+therion&pg=PP1"><i>The Magical Diaries of Aleister Crowley</i></a>. Samuel Weiser. Tunisia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87728-856-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87728-856-9"><bdi>0-87728-856-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magical+Diaries+of+Aleister+Crowley&rft.pub=Tunisia&rft.date=1923&rft.isbn=0-87728-856-9&rft.au=Crowley%2C+Aleister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Diw4BG8TVzQUC%26q%3Dto%2Bmega%2Btherion%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2012" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (2012). <i>Reading the New Testament: An Introduction</i>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4786-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4786-1"><bdi>978-0-8091-4786-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+New+Testament%3A+An+Introduction.&rft.pub=Paulist+Press.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4786-1&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Against_Heresies-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Against_Heresies_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Against_Heresies_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Against_Heresies_(Irenaeus)" title="Against Heresies (Irenaeus)">Against Heresies (Irenaeus)</a> 5.30.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spilsbury2002-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spilsbury2002_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spilsbury2002_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpilsbury2002" class="citation book cs1">Spilsbury, Paul (2002). <i>The Throne, the Lamb & the Dragon: A reader's guide to the Book of Revelation</i>. InterVarsity Press. p. 99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Throne%2C+the+Lamb+%26+the+Dragon%3A+A+reader%27s+guide+to+the+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Spilsbury&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill-2002-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hill-2002_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill2002" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Craig C. (2002). <i>In God's Time: The Bible and the future</i>. Eerdmans. p. 124.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+God%27s+Time%3A+The+Bible+and+the+future&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Craig+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Revelation%2013:17&version=nrsv">Revelation 13:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Collins, 1984, p. 126: <a href="/wiki/Adela_Yarbro_Collins" title="Adela Yarbro Collins">Adela Yarbro Collins</a>: "The juxtaposition of buying and selling with the mark of the beast refers to the fact that Roman coins normally bore the image and name of the current emperor. "The inability to buy or sell would then be the result of the refusal to use Roman coins."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Craig R. Koester (2001), <i>Revelation and the End of All Things</i>, Eerdmans; p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell,_StanBell,_James_S.2001" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Stan; Bell, James S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a7ThymxwsJsC&q=symbols+212&pg=PA212"><i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Book of Revelation</i></a>. Alpha Books. pp. 212–213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864238-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864238-3"><bdi>978-0-02-864238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Idiot%27s+Guide+to+the+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pages=212-213&rft.pub=Alpha+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-02-864238-3&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Stan&rft.au=Bell%2C+James+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da7ThymxwsJsC%26q%3Dsymbols%2B212%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuther1580" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Luther, Martin (1580). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pzVjAAAAcAAJ&dq=aber+die+unsern+leren+1580&pg=PA18"><i>CONCORDIA ... Christliche, Widerholete, einmütige Bekentnüs nachbenanter Churfürsten, Fürsten vnd Stende Augspurgischer Confession, vnd derselben zu ende des Buchs vnderschriebener Theologen Lere vnd glaubens. Mit angeheffter, in Gottes wort, als der einigen Richtschnur, wolgegründter erklerung etlicher Artickel bey welchen nach D. Martin Luthers seligen absterben, disputation und streit vorgefallen. Aus einhelliger vergleichung und beuehl obgedachter Churfürsten, Fürsten vnd Stende derselben Landen, Kirchen, Schulen vnd Nachkommen, zum vnderricht vnd warnung in Druck vorfertiget</i></a> (in German). Gedruckt durch Matthes Stöckel. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CONCORDIA+...+Christliche%2C+Widerholete%2C+einm%C3%BCtige+Bekentn%C3%BCs+nachbenanter+Churf%C3%BCrsten%2C+F%C3%BCrsten+vnd+Stende+Augspurgischer+Confession%2C+vnd+derselben+zu+ende+des+Buchs+vnderschriebener+Theologen+Lere+vnd+glaubens.+Mit+angeheffter%2C+in+Gottes+wort%2C+als+der+einigen+Richtschnur%2C+wolgegr%C3%BCndter+erklerung+etlicher+Artickel+bey+welchen+nach+D.+Martin+Luthers+seligen+absterben%2C+disputation+und+streit+vorgefallen.+Aus+einhelliger+vergleichung+und+beuehl+obgedachter+Churf%C3%BCrsten%2C+F%C3%BCrsten+vnd+Stende+derselben+Landen%2C+Kirchen%2C+Schulen+vnd+Nachkommen%2C+zum+vnderricht+vnd+warnung+in+Druck+vorfertiget&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Gedruckt+durch+Matthes+St%C3%B6ckel&rft.date=1580&rft.aulast=Luther&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpzVjAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3Daber%2Bdie%2Bunsern%2Bleren%2B1580%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/doctrine-sabbath-thomas-tillam-the-seventh-day-sabbath-sought-out-1657"><i>Doctrine - Sabbath - Thomas Tillam - The Seventh Day Sabbath Sought Out -1657</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctrine+-+Sabbath+-+Thomas+Tillam+-+The+Seventh+Day+Sabbath+Sought+Out+-1657&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdoctrine-sabbath-thomas-tillam-the-seventh-day-sabbath-sought-out-1657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAveling1882" class="citation book cs1">Aveling, James Hobson (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmsAmnOLnu8C&dq=%22What+Times+&pg=PA116"><i>The Chamberlens and the Midwifery Forceps: Memorials of the Family and an Essay on the Invention of the Instrument</i></a>. J. & A. Churchill. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chamberlens+and+the+Midwifery+Forceps%3A+Memorials+of+the+Family+and+an+Essay+on+the+Invention+of+the+Instrument&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=J.+%26+A.+Churchill&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Aveling&rft.aufirst=James+Hobson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmsAmnOLnu8C%26dq%3D%2522What%2BTimes%2B%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDybdahl2010" class="citation book cs1">Dybdahl, Jon (2010). <i>Andrews Study Bible</i>. Berrien Springs: Sutherland House. p. 1659. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2010924514">2010924514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrews+Study+Bible&rft.place=Berrien+Springs&rft.pages=1659&rft.pub=Sutherland+House&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2010924514&rft.aulast=Dybdahl&rft.aufirst=Jon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Seventh-day Adventists Believe</i>. 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May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060659/http://www.christiansermonsandmusicvideos.com/2015/05/advent-review-vol-i-no-2-august-1850.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChristianSermonsandMusicVideos.com&rft.atitle=Advent+Review%2C+Vol.+I%2C+No.+2%2C+August+1850&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiansermonsandmusicvideos.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fadvent-review-vol-i-no-2-august-1850.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1998/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_05071998_dies-domini.html">"Dies Domini (May 31, 1998) | John Paul II"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/130913-friday-luck-lucky-superstition-13">the original</a> on 28 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Superstitious+Numbers+Around+the+World&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft.aulast=Skurie&rft.aufirst=Jaclyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F130913-friday-luck-lucky-superstition-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"First family easing into private life". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. The Reagans. 19 November 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=First+family+easing+into+private+life&rft.date=1988-11-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNi2011" class="citation news cs1">Ni, Ching-Ching (21 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-arcadia-numbers-20110521,0,6077634.story">"In Arcadia real estate, 4 is a negative number"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523045507/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-arcadia-numbers-20110521,0,6077634.story">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2011</span>. <q>Supporters say changing building numbers isn't such an unusual thing. After all, they say, when President Reagan left office, he and Nancy took up residence at 666 St. Cloud Road in Bel-Air but had the address changed to 668 to avoid the 'number of the beast'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=In+Arcadia+real+estate%2C+4+is+a+negative+number&rft.date=2011-05-21&rft.aulast=Ni&rft.aufirst=Ching-Ching&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fla-me-arcadia-numbers-20110521%2C0%2C6077634.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinthicum2003" class="citation news cs1">Linthicum, Leslie (31 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abqjournal.com/quirky/67534news07-31-03.htm">"It's now US 491, not US 666"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Albuquerque_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Albuquerque Journal">The Albuquerque Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205030518/http://www.abqjournal.com/quirky/67534news07-31-03.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=It%27s+now+US+491%2C+not+US+666&rft.date=2003-07-31&rft.aulast=Linthicum&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2Fquirky%2F67534news07-31-03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen-Mills2006" class="citation news cs1">Allen-Mills, Tony (30 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112220535/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2158015,00.html">"Mothers expect Damien on 6/6/06"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i>. London, UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2158015,00.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Mothers+expect+Damien+on+6%2F6%2F06&rft.date=2006-04-30&rft.aulast=Allen-Mills&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C2087-2158015%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107023342/http://www.lex18.com/news/whitley-county-cross-country-refuses-to-run-after-being-assigned-666-number/#!prettyPhoto/0/">"Whitley County cross country runner refuses to run after being assigned "666" number"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>: <a href="/wiki/WLEX-TV" title="WLEX-TV">WLEX-TV</a>. 4 November 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lex18.com/news/whitley-county-cross-country-refuses-to-run-after-being-assigned-666-number/#!prettyPhoto/0/">the original</a> on 7 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Whitley+County+cross+country+runner+refuses+to+run+after+being+assigned+%22666%22+number&rft.date=2013-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lex18.com%2Fnews%2Fwhitley-county-cross-country-refuses-to-run-after-being-assigned-666-number%2F%23%21prettyPhoto%2F0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron-Lopez2015" class="citation news cs1">Barron-Lopez, Laura (2 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/231787-republican-avoids-apocalyptic-666/">"Republican avoids apocalyptic 666"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310044801/http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/231787-republican-avoids-apocalyptic-666">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Republican+avoids+apocalyptic+666&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Barron-Lopez&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fenergy-environment%2F231787-republican-avoids-apocalyptic-666%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTlozek2017" class="citation news cs1">Tlozek, Eric (3 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-03/pngs-electoral-commissioner-reassures-church-leaders-666-writs/8412188">"PNG's electoral commissioner reassures church leaders on 666 writs"</a>. Australia: ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410204822/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-03/pngs-electoral-commissioner-reassures-church-leaders-666-writs/8412188">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PNG%27s+electoral+commissioner+reassures+church+leaders+on+666+writs&rft.date=2017-04-03&rft.aulast=Tlozek&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-04-03%2Fpngs-electoral-commissioner-reassures-church-leaders-666-writs%2F8412188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2017" class="citation news cs1">Buckley, Julia (13 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/finnair-flight-666-hel-copenhagen-helsinki-friday-13th-retiring-final-departure-a7998271.html">"Finnair's flight 666 to HEL makes its last Friday the 13th run today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123160841/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/finnair-flight-666-hel-copenhagen-helsinki-friday-13th-retiring-final-departure-a7998271.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Finnair%27s+flight+666+to+HEL+makes+its+last+Friday+the+13th+run+today&rft.date=2017-10-13&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fnews-and-advice%2Ffinnair-flight-666-hel-copenhagen-helsinki-friday-13th-retiring-final-departure-a7998271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuozzo2021" class="citation news cs1">Cuozzo, Steve (31 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2021/01/31/660-fifth-ave-sheds-satanic-address-to-reopen-in-2022/">"660 Fifth Ave. sheds Satanic address, to reopen next year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=660+Fifth+Ave.+sheds+Satanic+address%2C+to+reopen+next+year&rft.date=2021-01-31&rft.aulast=Cuozzo&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2021%2F01%2F31%2F660-fifth-ave-sheds-satanic-address-to-reopen-in-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'CarrollOryński2023" class="citation news cs1">O'Carroll, Lisa; Oryński, Tomasz (14 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/14/bus-666-to-hel-poland-devils-number-transport-route-protest">"No 666 to Hel: Polish bus route drops 'devil's number' after Christian protests"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=No+666+to+Hel%3A+Polish+bus+route+drops+%27devil%27s+number%27+after+Christian+protests&rft.date=2023-06-14&rft.aulast=O%27Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Ory%C5%84ski%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fjun%2F14%2Fbus-666-to-hel-poland-devils-number-transport-route-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinhenzLeMoine1999" class="citation book cs1">Kleinhenz, Christopher; LeMoine, Fannie J., eds. (1999). <i>Fearful Hope: Approaching the New Millennium</i>. Madison, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16434-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-16434-8"><bdi>978-0-299-16434-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fearful+Hope%3A+Approaching+the+New+Millennium&rft.place=Madison%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-299-16434-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumber+of+the+beast" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Number_of_the_beast&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thelema_series" title="Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thelema_series" title="Template talk:Thelema series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thelema series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thelema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%E2%88%B4A%E2%88%B4" title="A∴A∴">A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesia_Gnostica_Catholica" title="Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica">Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraternitas_Saturni" title="Fraternitas Saturni">Fraternitas Saturni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">O∴A∴A∴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn">Open Source Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Templi_Orientis" title="Ordo Templi Orientis">Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Ordo_Templi_Orientis" class="mw-redirect" title="Society Ordo Templi Orientis">Society Ordo Templi Orientis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelemic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn">Thelemic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhonian_Order" title="Typhonian Order">Typhonian Order</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thelemites" title="List of Thelemites">List of Thelemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu_i" title="Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i">Ankh-af-na-khonsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Allan_Bennett" title="Charles Henry Allan Bennett">Allan Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Breeze" title="William Breeze">William Breeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Butts" title="Mary Butts">Mary Butts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Cameron" title="Marjorie Cameron">Marjorie Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lon_Milo_DuQuette" title="Lon Milo DuQuette">Lon Milo DuQuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Robert_Foster" title="Jeanne Robert Foster">Jeanne Robert Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Germer" title="Karl Germer">Karl Germer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Grant" title="Kenneth Grant">Kenneth Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah_Hirsig" title="Leah Hirsig">Leah Hirsig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hyatt" title="Christopher Hyatt">Christopher Hyatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stansfeld_Jones" title="Charles Stansfeld Jones">Charles Stansfeld Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cecil_Jones" title="George Cecil Jones">George Cecil Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kaczynski" title="Richard Kaczynski">Richard Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Edith_Kelly" title="Rose Edith Kelly">Rose Edith Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic#James_Lees" title="Ceremonial magic">James Lees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Louis_McMurtry" title="Grady Louis McMurtry">Grady Louis McMurtry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogg_Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogg Morgan">Mogg Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Ramos_Motta" title="Marcelo Ramos Motta">Marcelo Ramos Motta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nema_Andahadna" title="Nema Andahadna">Nema Andahadna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Neuburg_(poet)" title="Victor Neuburg (poet)">Victor Neuburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Northrup_Hollister" title="Sara Northrup Hollister">Sara Northrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Parsons" title="Jack Parsons">Jack Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Parsons_Smith" title="Helen Parsons Smith">Helen Parsons Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Reuss" title="Theodor Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._F._Russell" title="C. F. Russell">C. F. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Seckler" title="Phyllis Seckler">Phyllis Seckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Talbot_Smith" title="Wilfred Talbot Smith">Wilfred Talbot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Waddell" title="Leila Waddell">Leila Waddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wasserman" title="James Wasserman">James Wasserman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Webster_(writer)" title="Sam Webster (writer)">Sam Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Wolfe" title="Jane Wolfe">Jane Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thelemic_texts" title="Category:Thelemic texts">Thelemic texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley_bibliography" title="Aleister Crowley bibliography">Aleister Crowley bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Crowley)" title="The Book of Lies (Crowley)">The Book of Lies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_the_Law" title="The Book of the Law"><i>The Book of the Law</i> (<i>Liber AL vel Legis</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clouds_without_Water" title="Clouds without Water">Clouds without Water</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Works_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="Collected Works of Aleister Crowley">Collected Works</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Confessions_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="The Confessions of Aleister Crowley">Confessions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Drug_Fiend" title="The Diary of a Drug Fiend">The Diary of a Drug Fiend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eight_Lectures_on_Yoga" title="Eight Lectures on Yoga">Eight Lectures on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox" title="The Equinox">The Equinox</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Equinox" title="The Blue Equinox">The Blue Equinox</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Equinox_of_the_Gods" title="The Equinox of the Gods">The Equinox of the Gods</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Books_of_Thelema" title="The Holy Books of Thelema">The Holy Books of Thelema</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konx_Om_Pax" title="Konx Om Pax">Konx Om Pax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Law_is_for_All" title="The Law is for All">The Law is for All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/777_and_Other_Qabalistic_Writings_of_Aleister_Crowley" title="777 and Other Qabalistic Writings of Aleister Crowley">Liber 777</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Aleph" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Aleph">Liber Aleph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_OZ" title="Liber OZ">Liber OZ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Resh">Liber Resh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Trigrammaton" title="Liber Trigrammaton">Liber Trigrammaton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Essays_Toward_Truth" title="Little Essays Toward Truth">Little Essays Toward Truth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_(Book_4)" title="Magick (Book 4)">Magick (Book 4)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magick_Without_Tears" title="Magick Without Tears">Magick Without Tears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moonchild_(novel)" title="Moonchild (novel)">Moonchild</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_Star_in_Sight" title="One Star in Sight">One Star in Sight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stratagem_and_other_Stories" title="The Stratagem and other Stories">The Stratagem and other Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vision_and_the_Voice" title="The Vision and the Voice">The Vision and the Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Stains" title="White Stains">White Stains</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thelema#93" title="Thelema">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyss_(Thelema)" title="Abyss (Thelema)">Abyss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeon_(Thelema)" title="Aeon (Thelema)">Aeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astral_projection" title="Astral projection">Astral projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_light" title="Body of light">Body of light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Qaballa" title="English Qaballa">English Qaballa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Work_(Thelema)" title="Great Work (Thelema)">Great Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel#Thelema" title="Guardian angel">Holy Guardian Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_formula" title="Magical formula">Magical formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Pan" title="Night of Pan">Night of Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stele_of_Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu" title="Stele of Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu">Stele of Revealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Stellar wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Will" title="True Will">True Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magick</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrahadabra" title="Abrahadabra">Abrahadabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_magic" title="Ceremonial magic">Ceremonial magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian_magic" title="Enochian magic">Enochian magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroto-comatose_lucidity" title="Eroto-comatose lucidity">Eroto-comatose lucidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Goetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah_and_wanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Obeah and wanga">Obeah and wanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_magic" title="Sex magic">Sex magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ceremony and ritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Resh_vel_Helios" title="Liber Resh vel Helios">Liber Resh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram_ritual" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentagram ritual">Pentagram Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornless_Ritual" title="Bornless Ritual">Bornless Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_XV,_The_Gnostic_Mass" title="Liber XV, The Gnostic Mass">Gnostic Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rites_of_Eleusis" title="Rites of Eleusis">Rites of Eleusis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Godforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuit" title="Nuit">Nuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadit" title="Hadit">Hadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heru-ra-ha" title="Heru-ra-ha">Heru-ra-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiwass" title="Aiwass">Aiwass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therion_(Thelema)" title="Therion (Thelema)">Therion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babalon" title="Babalon">Babalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(cosmogony)#Greco-Roman_tradition" title="Chaos (cosmogony)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat" title="Maat">Ma'at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpocrates" title="Harpocrates">Harpocrates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbolism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Number of the beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagram" title="Pentagram">Pentagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cross" title="Rose Cross">Rose Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)" title="Tree of life (Kabbalah)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicursal_hexagram" title="Unicursal hexagram">Unicursal hexagram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Thelema" title="Abbey of Thelema">Abbey of Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abramelin_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Abramelin oil">Abramelin oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agape_Lodge" title="Agape Lodge">Agape Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boleskine_House" title="Boleskine House">Boleskine House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Abramelin" title="The Book of Abramelin">Book of Abramelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_of_Light" title="Cake of Light">Cake of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choronzon" title="Choronzon">Choronzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianism" title="Dianism">Dianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Order_of_the_Golden_Dawn" title="Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn">Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPSOS" title="IPSOS">IPSOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_alphabet" title="Magical alphabet">Magical alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_organization" title="Magical organization">Magical organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Solar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Lodge" title="Solar Lodge">Solar Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Superstition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Superstition" title="Template:Superstition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Superstition" title="Template talk:Superstition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Superstition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Superstition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Superstition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Superstition" title="Superstition">Superstition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">Evil eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omen" title="Omen">Omen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">Talismans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_and_ritual" title="Myth and ritual">Myth and ritual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superstitions" title="List of superstitions">List of superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">List of lucky symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bad_luck_signs" title="List of bad luck signs">List of bad luck signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailors%27_superstitions" title="Sailors' superstitions">Sailors' superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_superstitions" title="Theatrical superstitions">Theatrical superstitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Ethiopia" title="Superstition in Ethiopia">Superstition in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_(folklore)" title="Buda (folklore)">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gris-gris_(talisman)" title="Gris-gris (talisman)">Gris-gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampy" title="Sampy">Sampy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_child" title="Sleeping child">Sleeping child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascalapha_odorata" title="Ascalapha odorata">Ascalapha odorata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_Latin_America" title="Witchcraft in Latin America">Brujería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carranca" title="Carranca">Carranca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooties" title="Cooties">Cooties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Tippecanoe" title="Curse of Tippecanoe">Curse of Tippecanoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curupira" title="Curupira">Curupira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djucu" title="Djucu">Djucu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_cookie" title="Fortune cookie">Fortune cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27noGo_tied" title="I'noGo tied">I'noGo tied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_love_curse" title="Oscar love curse">Oscar love curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susto" title="Susto">Susto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veve" title="Veve">Veve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_lighter_myth" title="White lighter myth">White lighter myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_window" title="Witch window">Witch window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_India" title="Superstition in India">Superstition in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Pakistan" title="Superstition in Pakistan">Superstition in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_the_Philippines" title="Superstition in the Philippines">Superstition in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_superstitions" title="Japanese superstitions">Japanese superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Korea" title="Superstition in Korea">Superstition in Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoot_(ghost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhoot (ghost)"><i>Bhoot</i> (ghost)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaupadi" title="Chhaupadi">Chhaupadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churel" title="Churel">Churel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Bengali_culture" title="Ghosts in Bengali culture">Ghosts in Bengali culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackal%27s_horn" title="Jackal's horn">Jackal's horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuai_Kuai_culture" title="Kuai Kuai culture">Kuai Kuai culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhurta" title="Muhurta">Muhurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratna" title="Navaratna">Navaratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_(amulet)" title="Nazar (amulet)">Nazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar_battu" title="Nazar battu">Nazar battu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichal_Peri" title="Pichal Peri">Pichal Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppy_pregnancy_syndrome" title="Puppy pregnancy syndrome">Puppy pregnancy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akabeko" title="Akabeko">Akabeko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanai_Anzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanai Anzen">Kanai Anzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maneki-neko" title="Maneki-neko">Maneki-neko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okiagari-koboshi" title="Okiagari-koboshi">Okiagari-koboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_death" title="Fan death">Fan death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_shui" title="Feng shui">Feng shui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_astrology" title="Hindu astrology">Hindu astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agimat" title="Agimat">Agimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albularyo" title="Albularyo">Albularyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft_in_the_Philippines" title="Witchcraft in the Philippines">Barang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulam">Kulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihi" title="Lihi">Lihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagtatawas" title="Pagtatawas">Pagtatawas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasma" title="Pasma">Pasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usog" title="Usog">Usog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuman_Thong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuman Thong">Kuman Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palad_khik" title="Palad khik">Palad khik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takrut" title="Takrut">Takrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nang_Kwak" title="Nang Kwak">Nang Kwak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_elephant_(animal)" title="White elephant (animal)">White elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_Chan" title="Jin Chan">Jin Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_numerology" title="Chinese numerology">Numbers in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_cloth" title="Yantra cloth">Yantra cloth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_curse" title="August curse">August curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaques_in_Gibraltar" title="Barbary macaques in Gibraltar">Barbary macaques in Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayern-luck" title="Bayern-luck">Bayern-luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blarney_Stone" title="Blarney Stone">Blarney Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimaruta" title="Cimaruta">Cimaruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornicello" title="Cornicello">Cornicello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goodman%27s_Croft" title="The Goodman's Croft">The Goodman's Croft</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himmelsbrief" title="Himmelsbrief">Himmelsbrief</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_magical_staves" title="Icelandic magical staves">Icelandic magical staves</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_bocca_al_lupo" title="In bocca al lupo">In bocca al lupo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_witch" title="Kitchen witch">Kitchen witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klabautermann" title="Klabautermann">Klabautermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooncalf" title="Mooncalf">Mooncalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Need-fire" title="Need-fire">Need-fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_painted_pebbles" title="Scottish painted pebbles">Painted pebbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_of_sympathy" title="Powder of sympathy">Powder of sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_rabbit_rabbit" title="Rabbit rabbit rabbit">Rabbit rabbit rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravens_of_the_Tower_of_London" title="Ravens of the Tower of London">Ravens of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_traditions_and_superstitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian traditions and superstitions">Russian traditions and superstitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstition in Britain">Superstition in Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Serbia" title="Superstition in Serbia">Superstition in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_water_for_luck" title="Spilling water for luck">Spilling water for luck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scottish_Play" title="The Scottish Play">The Scottish Play</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troll_cross" title="Troll cross">Troll cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe_days" title="Tycho Brahe days">Tycho Brahe days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_post" title="Witch post">Witch post</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfssegen" title="Wolfssegen">Wolfssegen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ace_of_spades" title="Ace of spades">Ace of spades</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three_on_a_match" title="Three on a match">Three on a match</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Four-leaf_clover" title="Four-leaf clover">Four-leaf clover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetraphobia" title="Tetraphobia">tetraphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh_son_of_a_seventh_son" title="Seventh son of a seventh son">Seventh son of a seventh son</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11:11_(numerology)" title="11:11 (numerology)">11:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_(number)#Luck" title="13 (number)">13</a> (<a href="/wiki/Friday_the_13th" title="Friday the 13th">Friday the 13th</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Thirteen_Club" title="The Thirteen Club">The Thirteen Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth floor">thirteenth floor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triskaidekaphobia" title="Triskaidekaphobia">triskaidekaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_(number)#In_other_fields" title="17 (number)">17</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heptadecaphobia" title="Heptadecaphobia">Heptadecaphobia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_(number)" title="27 (number)">27</a> (<a href="/wiki/27_Club" title="27 Club">27 Club</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/39_(number)" title="39 (number)">39</a> (<a href="/wiki/Curse_of_39" title="Curse of 39">Curse of 39</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Number of the Beast</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auspicious_wedding_dates" title="Auspicious wedding dates">Auspicious wedding dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_superstition" title="Baseball superstition">Baseball superstition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beginner%27s_luck" title="Beginner's luck">Beginner's luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cat" title="Black cat">Black cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_and_butter_(superstition)" title="Bread and butter (superstition)">Bread and butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_a_leg" title="Break a leg">Break a leg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullroarer" title="Bullroarer">Bullroarer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_letter" title="Chain letter">Chain letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cramp-ring" title="Cramp-ring">Cramp-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Jones%27_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Davy Jones' Locker">Davy Jones' Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-the-day_betting_effect" title="End-of-the-day betting effect">End-of-the-day betting effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_frogs" title="Fear of frogs">Fear of frogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_ghosts" title="Fear of ghosts">Fear of ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_rite" title="Fertility rite">Fertility rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-foot" title="First-foot">First-foot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dutchman" title="Flying Dutchman">Flying Dutchman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_eleven_forty-four" title="Four eleven forty-four">Four eleven forty-four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambler%27s_conceit" title="Gambler's conceit">Gambler's conceit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lucky_symbols" title="List of lucky symbols">Good luck charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">Human sacrifice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinx" title="Jinx">Jinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse" title="Curse">Hex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knocking_on_wood" title="Knocking on wood">Knocking on wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_contagion" title="Law of contagion">Law of contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literomancy" title="Literomancy">Literomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_of_hair" title="Lock of hair">Lock of hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_impression" title="Maternal impression">Maternal impression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miasma_theory" title="Miasma theory">Miasma theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(cricket)" title="Nelson (cricket)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerophobia" title="Numerophobia">Numerophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_charm" title="Numismatic charm">Numismatic charm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">Penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit%27s_foot" title="Rabbit's foot">Rabbit's foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainmaking_(ritual)" title="Rainmaking (ritual)">Rainmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_sponsor" title="Ship sponsor">Ship sponsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoes_on_a_table" title="Shoes on a table">Shoes on a table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sign_of_the_horns" title="Sign of the horns">Sign of the horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Something_old" title="Something old">Something old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spilling_salt" title="Spilling salt">Spilling salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_rubbing" title="Statue rubbing">Statue rubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(door)" class="mw-redirect" title="Threshold (door)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toi_toi_toi" title="Toi toi toi">Toi toi toi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishing_well" title="Wishing well">Wishing well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_ball" title="Witch ball">Witch ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_hour" title="Witching hour">Witching hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">Apophenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_and_science" title="Astrology and science">Astrology and science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coincidence" title="Coincidence">Coincidence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">Debunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune-telling" title="Fortune-telling">Fortune-telling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_and_religion" title="Magic and religion">Magic and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_thinking" title="Magical thinking">Magical thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerology" title="Numerology">Numerology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive disorder">Obsessive–compulsive disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perceptions_of_religious_imagery_in_natural_phenomena" title="Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena">Perceptions of religious imagery in natural phenomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc" title="Post hoc ergo propter hoc">Post hoc ergo propter hoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questionable_cause" title="Questionable cause">Questionable cause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstition_in_Judaism" title="Superstition in Judaism">Superstition in Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstitions_in_Muslim_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstitions in Muslim societies">Superstitions in Muslim societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_catastrophic_risks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Template talk:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Global_catastrophic_risks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Global catastrophic risks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_catastrophic_risks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">Global catastrophic risks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Earth" title="Future of Earth">Future of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_an_expanding_universe" title="Future of an expanding universe">Future of an expanding universe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Tribulation" title="Great Tribulation">Great Tribulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition" title="Son of perdition">Son of perdition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27im_Al_Muhammad" title="Qa'im Al Muhammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-tribulation_rapture" title="Post-tribulation rapture">Post-tribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_doomsday_devices" title="List of fictional doomsday devices">List of fictional doomsday devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a 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