CINXE.COM
Testing: Getting Started - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Testing: Getting Started - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/testing"> <!-- Primary Meta Tags --> <meta name="title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta name="description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things."> <!-- Open Graph / Facebook --> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://laravel.com/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta property="og:description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://laravel.com/img/og-image.jpg"> <!-- Twitter --> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://laravel.com/"> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things."> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://laravel.com/img/og-image.jpg"> <!-- Favicon --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/img/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/img/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/img/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/img/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#ff2d20"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ff2d20"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/img/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="color-scheme" content="light"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://E3MIRNPJH5-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/ins2wgm.css"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://laravel.com/build/assets/app-dc063eeb.css" /><link rel="modulepreload" href="https://laravel.com/build/assets/app-70a5a3a6.js" /><link rel="modulepreload" href="https://laravel.com/build/assets/docs-45166933.js" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://laravel.com/build/assets/app-dc063eeb.css" /><script type="module" src="https://laravel.com/build/assets/app-70a5a3a6.js"></script><script type="module" src="https://laravel.com/build/assets/docs-45166933.js"></script> <!-- Fathom - beautiful, simple website analytics --> <script src="https://cdn.usefathom.com/script.js" data-site="DVMEKBYF" defer></script> <!-- / Fathom --> <!-- Clearbit --> <script async src="https://tag.clearbitscripts.com/v1/pk_97d2bf69f817feb07be42fcda1460119/tags.js" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"></script> <script> const alwaysLightMode = false; </script> <script> function updateTheme() { if (!('theme' in localStorage)) { localStorage.theme = 'system'; } switch (localStorage.theme) { case 'system': if (window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'dark'); } else { document.documentElement.classList.remove('dark'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'light'); } document.documentElement.setAttribute('color-theme', 'system'); break; case 'dark': document.documentElement.classList.add('dark'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('color-theme', 'dark'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'dark'); break; case 'light': document.documentElement.classList.remove('dark'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('color-theme', 'light'); document.documentElement.setAttribute('data-theme', 'light'); break; } updateThemeAndSchemeColor(); } function updateThemeAndSchemeColor() { if (! alwaysLightMode) { if (document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark')) { document.querySelector('meta[name="color-scheme"]').setAttribute('content', 'dark'); document.querySelector('meta[name="theme-color"]').setAttribute('content', '#171923'); return; } document.querySelector('meta[name="color-scheme"]').setAttribute('content', 'light'); document.querySelector('meta[name="theme-color"]').setAttribute('content', '#ffffff'); } } updateTheme(); </script> </head> <body x-data="{ navIsOpen: false, }" class="w-full h-full font-sans antialiased text-gray-900 language-php" data-instant-intensity="0" > <a id="skip-to-content-link" href="#main-content" class="absolute bg-gray-100 px-4 py-2 top-3 left-3 text-gray-700 shadow-xl" > Skip to content </a> <div class="items-center justify-center bg-gradient-to-b from-red-500 to-red-600 p-2 text-center text-white text-sm h-9"> <template id="news-herd"> <div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-5 h-5 text-white" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" fill="none" stroke-linejoin="round"> <path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/> <path d="M3 4m0 1a1 1 0 0 1 1 -1h16a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v14a1 1 0 0 1 -1 1h-16a1 1 0 0 1 -1 -1z" /> <path d="M7 8v1" /> <path d="M17 8v1" /> <path d="M12.5 4c-.654 1.486 -1.26 3.443 -1.5 9h2.5c-.19 2.867 .094 5.024 .5 7" /> <path d="M7 15.5c3.667 2 6.333 2 10 0" /> </svg> </div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Get started with PHP and Laravel faster than ever using <a href="https://herd.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Herd</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-laracon"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3.055 11H5a2 2 0 012 2v1a2 2 0 002 2 2 2 0 012 2v2.945M8 3.935V5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0010.5 8h.5a2 2 0 012 2 2 2 0 104 0 2 2 0 012-2h1.064M15 20.488V18a2 2 0 012-2h3.064M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Join us in Dallas, TX! Tickets are now available for <a href="https://laracon.us" class="underline">Laracon US</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-laracon-in"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3.055 11H5a2 2 0 012 2v1a2 2 0 002 2 2 2 0 012 2v2.945M8 3.935V5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0010.5 8h.5a2 2 0 012 2 2 2 0 104 0 2 2 0 012-2h1.064M15 20.488V18a2 2 0 012-2h3.064M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Let's go to India! Tickets are now available for <a href="https://laracon.in" class="underline">Laracon IN</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-laracon-eu"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3.055 11H5a2 2 0 012 2v1a2 2 0 002 2 2 2 0 012 2v2.945M8 3.935V5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0010.5 8h.5a2 2 0 012 2 2 2 0 104 0 2 2 0 012-2h1.064M15 20.488V18a2 2 0 012-2h3.064M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Let's go to Europe! Tickets are now available for <a href="https://laracon.eu" class="underline">Laracon EU</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-laracon-au"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3.055 11H5a2 2 0 012 2v1a2 2 0 002 2 2 2 0 012 2v2.945M8 3.935V5.5A2.5 2.5 0 0010.5 8h.5a2 2 0 012 2 2 2 0 104 0 2 2 0 012-2h1.064M15 20.488V18a2 2 0 012-2h3.064M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Let's go down under! Tickets are now available for <a href="https://laracon.au" class="underline">Laracon AU</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-forge"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9.75 17L9 20l-1 1h8l-1-1-.75-3M3 13h18M5 17h14a2 2 0 002-2V5a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Servers with PHP 8.3 are now available for provisioning via <a href="https://forge.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Forge</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-vapor"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3 15a4 4 0 004 4h9a5 5 0 10-.1-9.999 5.002 5.002 0 10-9.78 2.096A4.001 4.001 0 003 15z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Deploy Laravel with the infinite scale of serverless using <a href="https://vapor.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Vapor</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-cloud"> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Join the waitlist for <a href="https://cloud.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Cloud</a><span class="hidden md:inline">, the future of shipping</span>. </div> </template> <template id="news-nightwatch"> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Join the waitlist for <a href="https://nightwatch.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Nightwatch</a><span class="hidden md:inline">, first-class monitoring designed for Laravel</span>. </div> </template> <template id="news-pulse"> <div><svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M3 15a4 4 0 004 4h9a5 5 0 10-.1-9.999 5.002 5.002 0 10-9.78 2.096A4.001 4.001 0 003 15z"></path></svg></div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> How's your health? Check your application's vital signs using <a href="https://pulse.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Pulse</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-reverb"> <div> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="w-5 h-5 text-white" width="44" height="44" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/> <path d="M3.707 6.293l2.586 -2.586a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l5.586 5.586a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.586 2.586a1 1 0 0 1 -1.414 0l-5.586 -5.586a1 1 0 0 1 0 -1.414z" /> <path d="M6 10l-3 3l3 3l3 -3" /> <path d="M10 6l3 -3l3 3l-3 3" /> <path d="M12 12l1.5 1.5" /> <path d="M14.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 -2.5" /> <path d="M15 21a6 6 0 0 0 6 -6" /> </svg> </div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Incoming transmission received. <a href="https://reverb.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Reverb</a> is now available! </div> </template> <template id="news-nova"> <div> <svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15.59 14.37a6 6 0 01-5.84 7.38v-4.8m5.84-2.58a14.98 14.98 0 006.16-12.12A14.98 14.98 0 009.631 8.41m5.96 5.96a14.926 14.926 0 01-5.841 2.58m-.119-8.54a6 6 0 00-7.381 5.84h4.8m2.581-5.84a14.927 14.927 0 00-2.58 5.84m2.699 2.7c-.103.021-.207.041-.311.06a15.09 15.09 0 01-2.448-2.448 14.9 14.9 0 01.06-.312m-2.24 2.39a4.493 4.493 0 00-1.757 4.306 4.493 4.493 0 004.306-1.758M16.5 9a1.5 1.5 0 11-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 013 0z"></path> </svg> </div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Take your administration backend to another dimension with <a href="https://nova.laravel.com" class="underline">Laravel Nova</a>. </div> </template> <template id="news-careers"> <div> <svg class="w-5 h-5 text-white" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="currentColor" class="w-6 h-6"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M20.25 14.15v4.25c0 1.094-.787 2.036-1.872 2.18-2.087.277-4.216.42-6.378.42s-4.291-.143-6.378-.42c-1.085-.144-1.872-1.086-1.872-2.18v-4.25m16.5 0a2.18 2.18 0 0 0 .75-1.661V8.706c0-1.081-.768-2.015-1.837-2.175a48.114 48.114 0 0 0-3.413-.387m4.5 8.006c-.194.165-.42.295-.673.38A23.978 23.978 0 0 1 12 15.75c-2.648 0-5.195-.429-7.577-1.22a2.016 2.016 0 0 1-.673-.38m0 0A2.18 2.18 0 0 1 3 12.489V8.706c0-1.081.768-2.015 1.837-2.175a48.111 48.111 0 0 1 3.413-.387m7.5 0V5.25A2.25 2.25 0 0 0 13.5 3h-3a2.25 2.25 0 0 0-2.25 2.25v.894m7.5 0a48.667 48.667 0 0 0-7.5 0M12 12.75h.008v.008H12v-.008Z" /> </svg> </div> <div class="mt-px ml-1"> Laravel is hiring! <a href="https://laravel.com/careers" class="underline">Help us build the future of Laravel</a>. </div> </template> </div> <script> const activeNewsTemplate = document.getElementById( 'news-'+JSON.parse('[\u0022cloud\u0022,\u0022nightwatch\u0022]')[Math.floor(Math.random() * 2)] ) activeNewsTemplate.replaceWith(activeNewsTemplate.content) </script> <div class="relative dark:bg-dark-700" id="docsScreen"> <div class="relative lg:flex lg:items-start"> <aside class="hidden fixed top-0 bottom-0 left-0 z-20 w-16 bg-gradient-to-b from-gray-100 to-white transition-all duration-300 lg:sticky lg:w-80 lg:shrink-0 lg:flex lg:flex-col lg:justify-end lg:items-end 2xl:max-w-lg 2xl:w-full dark:from-dark-800 dark:to-dark-700"> <div class="relative max-h-screen overflow-auto flex-1 flex flex-col xl:w-80"> <a href="/" class="flex items-center py-8 px-4 lg:px-8 xl:px-16"> <img class="w-8 h-8 shrink-0 transition-all duration-300 lg:w-12 lg:h-12" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="50" height="52" > <img src="/img/logotype.min.svg" alt="Laravel" class="hidden ml-4 lg:block" width="114" height="29" > </a> <div class="px-4 pb-10 lg:px-8 xl:px-16"> <nav id="indexed-nav" class="hidden lg:block lg:mt-4"> <div class="docs_sidebar"> <ul> <li> <h2>Prologue</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/releases">Release Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/upgrade">Upgrade Guide</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contributions">Contribution Guide</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Getting Started</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/installation">Installation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/configuration">Configuration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/structure">Directory Structure</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/frontend">Frontend</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits">Starter Kits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/deployment">Deployment</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Architecture Concepts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/lifecycle">Request Lifecycle</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/container">Service Container</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/providers">Service Providers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">Facades</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>The Basics</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/routing">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware">Middleware</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/csrf">CSRF Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/controllers">Controllers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/requests">Requests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/responses">Responses</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/views">Views</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/blade">Blade Templates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/vite">Asset Bundling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/urls">URL Generation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/session">Session</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/validation">Validation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/errors">Error Handling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/logging">Logging</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Digging Deeper</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan">Artisan Console</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cache">Cache</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/concurrency">Concurrency</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/context">Context</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contracts">Contracts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/filesystem">File Storage</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/helpers">Helpers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-client">HTTP Client</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/localization">Localization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mail">Mail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/notifications">Notifications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/packages">Package Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/processes">Processes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queues">Queues</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/rate-limiting">Rate Limiting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/strings">Strings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scheduling">Task Scheduling</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Security</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authentication">Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authorization">Authorization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/verification">Email Verification</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/encryption">Encryption</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/hashing">Hashing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passwords">Password Reset</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Database</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queries">Query Builder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pagination">Pagination</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/migrations">Migrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/seeding">Seeding</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/redis">Redis</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mongodb">MongoDB</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Eloquent ORM</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-relationships">Relationships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-mutators">Mutators / Casts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-resources">API Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-serialization">Serialization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-factories">Factories</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sub--on"> <h2>Testing</h2> <ul> <li class="active"> <a href="/docs/11.x/testing">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-tests">HTTP Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/console-tests">Console Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Browser Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database-testing">Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mocking">Mocking</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Packages</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits#laravel-breeze">Breeze</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/billing">Cashier (Stripe)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cashier-paddle">Cashier (Paddle)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Dusk</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/envoy">Envoy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/fortify">Fortify</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/folio">Folio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/homestead">Homestead</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/horizon">Horizon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jetstream.laravel.com">Jetstream</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mix">Mix</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/octane">Octane</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passport">Passport</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pennant">Pennant</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pint">Pint</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/precognition">Precognition</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/prompts">Prompts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pulse">Pulse</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/reverb">Reverb</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sail">Sail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sanctum">Sanctum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scout">Scout</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/socialite">Socialite</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/telescope">Telescope</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/valet">Valet</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/api/11.x">API Documentation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <template id="promote-forge"> <div class="mt-4 px-3 py-2 border-dashed border-gray-200 border rounded-lg text-xs leading-loose text-gray-700 lg:block dark:border-gray-400 dark:text-gray-200"> <span class="font-medium">Laravel Forge:</span> create and manage PHP 8 servers. Deploy your Laravel applications in seconds. <a class="underline text-red-600" href="https://forge.laravel.com">Sign up now!</a>. </div> </template> <template id="promote-vapor"> <div class="mt-4 px-3 py-2 border-dashed border-gray-200 border rounded-lg text-xs leading-loose text-gray-700 lg:block dark:border-gray-400 dark:text-gray-200"> <span class="font-medium">Laravel Vapor:</span> experience extreme scale on a dedicated serverless platform for Laravel. <a class="underline text-red-600" href="https://vapor.laravel.com">Sign up now!</a>. </div> </template> <template id="promote-nova"> <div class="mt-4 px-3 py-2 border-dashed border-gray-200 border rounded-lg text-xs leading-loose text-gray-700 lg:block dark:border-gray-400 dark:text-gray-200"> <span class="font-medium">Laravel Nova:</span> The next generation of Nova is <a class="underline text-red-600" href="https://nova.laravel.com">now available</a>. </div> </template> <template id="promote-pulse"> <div class="mt-4 px-3 py-2 border-dashed border-gray-200 border rounded-lg text-xs leading-loose text-gray-700 lg:block dark:border-gray-400 dark:text-gray-200"> <span class="font-medium">Laravel Pulse:</span> How's your health? Check your application's vital signs using <a href="https://pulse.laravel.com" class="underline text-red-600">Laravel Pulse</a>. </div> </template> <template id="promote-reverb"> <div class="mt-4 px-3 py-2 border-dashed border-gray-200 border rounded-lg text-xs leading-loose text-gray-700 lg:block dark:border-gray-400 dark:text-gray-200"> <span class="font-medium">Laravel Reverb:</span> You can easily build dynamic, real-time Laravel applications using WebSockets. <a href="https://reverb.laravel.com" class="underline text-red-600">Laravel Reverb</a> is now available! </div> </template> <script> const activePromotionTemplate = document.getElementById( 'promote-'+JSON.parse('[\u0022forge\u0022,\u0022vapor\u0022,\u0022nova\u0022,\u0022pulse\u0022,\u0022reverb\u0022]')[Math.floor(Math.random() * 5)] ) activePromotionTemplate.replaceWith(activePromotionTemplate.content) </script> </div> </div> </aside> <header class="lg:hidden" @keydown.window.escape="navIsOpen = false" @click.away="navIsOpen = false" > <div class="relative mx-auto w-full py-10 bg-white transition duration-200 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="mx-auto px-8 sm:px-16 flex items-center justify-between"> <a href="/" class="flex items-center"> <img class="" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="50" height="52"> <img class="hidden ml-5 sm:block" src="/img/logotype.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="114" height="29"> </a> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center justify-end"> <button id="header__sun" onclick="toSystemMode()" title="Switch to system theme" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-sun" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path> <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4"></circle> <path d="M3 12h1m8 -9v1m8 8h1m-9 8v1m-6.4 -15.4l.7 .7m12.1 -.7l-.7 .7m0 11.4l.7 .7m-12.1 -.7l-.7 .7"></path> </svg> </button> <button id="header__moon" onclick="toLightMode()" title="Switch to light mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M17.75,4.09L15.22,6.03L16.13,9.09L13.5,7.28L10.87,9.09L11.78,6.03L9.25,4.09L12.44,4L13.5,1L14.56,4L17.75,4.09M21.25,11L19.61,12.25L20.2,14.23L18.5,13.06L16.8,14.23L17.39,12.25L15.75,11L17.81,10.95L18.5,9L19.19,10.95L21.25,11M18.97,15.95C19.8,15.87 20.69,17.05 20.16,17.8C19.84,18.25 19.5,18.67 19.08,19.07C15.17,23 8.84,23 4.94,19.07C1.03,15.17 1.03,8.83 4.94,4.93C5.34,4.53 5.76,4.17 6.21,3.85C6.96,3.32 8.14,4.21 8.06,5.04C7.79,7.9 8.75,10.87 10.95,13.06C13.14,15.26 16.1,16.22 18.97,15.95M17.33,17.97C14.5,17.81 11.7,16.64 9.53,14.5C7.36,12.31 6.2,9.5 6.04,6.68C3.23,9.82 3.34,14.64 6.35,17.66C9.37,20.67 14.19,20.78 17.33,17.97Z" /> </svg> </button> <button id="header__indeterminate" onclick="toDarkMode()" title="Switch to dark mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 22A10 10 0 0 0 22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2M12 4A8 8 0 0 1 20 12A8 8 0 0 1 12 20V4Z" /> </svg> </button> <button class="ml-2 relative w-10 h-10 p-2 text-red-600 lg:hidden focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline" aria-label="Menu" @click.prevent="navIsOpen = !navIsOpen"> <svg x-show="! navIsOpen" x-transition.opacity class="absolute inset-0 mt-2 ml-2 w-6 h-6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><line x1="3" y1="12" x2="21" y2="12"></line><line x1="3" y1="6" x2="21" y2="6"></line><line x1="3" y1="18" x2="21" y2="18"></line></svg> <svg x-show="navIsOpen" x-transition.opacity x-cloak class="absolute inset-0 mt-2 ml-2 w-6 h-6" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><line x1="18" y1="6" x2="6" y2="18"></line><line x1="6" y1="6" x2="18" y2="18"></line></svg> </button> </div> </div> <span :class="{ 'shadow-sm': navIsOpen }" class="absolute inset-0 z-20 pointer-events-none"></span> </div> <div x-show="navIsOpen" x-transition:enter="duration-150" x-transition:leave="duration-100 ease-in" x-cloak > <nav x-show="navIsOpen" x-cloak class="absolute w-full transform origin-top shadow-sm z-10" x-transition:enter="duration-150 ease-out" x-transition:enter-start="opacity-0 -translate-y-8 scale-75" x-transition:enter-end="opacity-100 scale-100" x-transition:leave="duration-100 ease-in" x-transition:leave-start="opacity-100 scale-100" x-transition:leave-end="opacity-0 -translate-y-8 scale-75" > <div class="relative p-8 bg-white docs_sidebar dark:bg-dark-600"> <ul> <li> <h2>Prologue</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/releases">Release Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/upgrade">Upgrade Guide</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contributions">Contribution Guide</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Getting Started</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/installation">Installation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/configuration">Configuration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/structure">Directory Structure</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/frontend">Frontend</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits">Starter Kits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/deployment">Deployment</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Architecture Concepts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/lifecycle">Request Lifecycle</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/container">Service Container</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/providers">Service Providers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">Facades</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>The Basics</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/routing">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware">Middleware</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/csrf">CSRF Protection</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/controllers">Controllers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/requests">Requests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/responses">Responses</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/views">Views</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/blade">Blade Templates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/vite">Asset Bundling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/urls">URL Generation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/session">Session</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/validation">Validation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/errors">Error Handling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/logging">Logging</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Digging Deeper</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan">Artisan Console</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cache">Cache</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/concurrency">Concurrency</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/context">Context</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contracts">Contracts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/events">Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/filesystem">File Storage</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/helpers">Helpers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-client">HTTP Client</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/localization">Localization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mail">Mail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/notifications">Notifications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/packages">Package Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/processes">Processes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queues">Queues</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/rate-limiting">Rate Limiting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/strings">Strings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scheduling">Task Scheduling</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Security</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authentication">Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authorization">Authorization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/verification">Email Verification</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/encryption">Encryption</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/hashing">Hashing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passwords">Password Reset</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Database</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/queries">Query Builder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pagination">Pagination</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/migrations">Migrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/seeding">Seeding</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/redis">Redis</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mongodb">MongoDB</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Eloquent ORM</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-relationships">Relationships</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-collections">Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-mutators">Mutators / Casts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-resources">API Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-serialization">Serialization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-factories">Factories</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="sub--on"> <h2>Testing</h2> <ul> <li class="active"> <a href="/docs/11.x/testing">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/http-tests">HTTP Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/console-tests">Console Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Browser Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database-testing">Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mocking">Mocking</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Packages</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits#laravel-breeze">Breeze</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/billing">Cashier (Stripe)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/cashier-paddle">Cashier (Paddle)</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk">Dusk</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/envoy">Envoy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/fortify">Fortify</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/folio">Folio</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/homestead">Homestead</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/horizon">Horizon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jetstream.laravel.com">Jetstream</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/mix">Mix</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/octane">Octane</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/passport">Passport</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pennant">Pennant</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pint">Pint</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/precognition">Precognition</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/prompts">Prompts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pulse">Pulse</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/reverb">Reverb</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sail">Sail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sanctum">Sanctum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scout">Scout</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/socialite">Socialite</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/telescope">Telescope</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/valet">Valet</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/api/11.x">API Documentation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <section class="flex-1 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-lg px-8 sm:px-16 lg:px-24"> <div class="flex flex-col items-end border-b border-gray-200 py-1 transition-colors dark:border-gray-700 lg:mt-8 lg:flex-row-reverse"> <div class="hidden lg:flex items-center justify-center ml-8"> <button id="header__sun" onclick="toSystemMode()" title="Switch to system theme" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-sun" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"> <path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"></path> <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4"></circle> <path d="M3 12h1m8 -9v1m8 8h1m-9 8v1m-6.4 -15.4l.7 .7m12.1 -.7l-.7 .7m0 11.4l.7 .7m-12.1 -.7l-.7 .7"></path> </svg> </button> <button id="header__moon" onclick="toLightMode()" title="Switch to light mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M17.75,4.09L15.22,6.03L16.13,9.09L13.5,7.28L10.87,9.09L11.78,6.03L9.25,4.09L12.44,4L13.5,1L14.56,4L17.75,4.09M21.25,11L19.61,12.25L20.2,14.23L18.5,13.06L16.8,14.23L17.39,12.25L15.75,11L17.81,10.95L18.5,9L19.19,10.95L21.25,11M18.97,15.95C19.8,15.87 20.69,17.05 20.16,17.8C19.84,18.25 19.5,18.67 19.08,19.07C15.17,23 8.84,23 4.94,19.07C1.03,15.17 1.03,8.83 4.94,4.93C5.34,4.53 5.76,4.17 6.21,3.85C6.96,3.32 8.14,4.21 8.06,5.04C7.79,7.9 8.75,10.87 10.95,13.06C13.14,15.26 16.1,16.22 18.97,15.95M17.33,17.97C14.5,17.81 11.7,16.64 9.53,14.5C7.36,12.31 6.2,9.5 6.04,6.68C3.23,9.82 3.34,14.64 6.35,17.66C9.37,20.67 14.19,20.78 17.33,17.97Z" /> </svg> </button> <button id="header__indeterminate" onclick="toDarkMode()" title="Switch to dark mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 22A10 10 0 0 0 22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2M12 4A8 8 0 0 1 20 12A8 8 0 0 1 12 20V4Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="w-full lg:w-40 lg:pl-12"> <div> <label class="text-gray-600 text-xs tracking-widest uppercase dark:text-gray-500" for="version-switcher">Version</label> <div x-data class="relative w-full bg-white transition-all duration-500 focus-within:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800"> <select id="version-switcher" aria-label="Laravel version" class="appearance-none flex-1 w-full px-0 py-1 placeholder-gray-900 tracking-wide bg-white border-transparent focus:outline-none dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:placeholder-gray-500" @change="window.location = $event.target.value" > <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/master/testing">Master</option> <option selected value="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/testing">11.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/testing">10.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/testing">9.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/testing">8.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/testing">7.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/testing">6.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/testing">5.8</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/testing">5.7</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/testing">5.6</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/testing">5.5</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/testing">5.4</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/testing">5.3</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/testing">5.2</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/testing">5.1</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/testing">5.0</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/testing">4.2</option> </select> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none dark:hidden" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none hidden dark:block" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.dark.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 flex items-center justify-end w-full h-10 lg:mt-0"> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center"> <button id="docsearch" class="text-gray-800 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 w-full"></button> </div> </div> </div> <section class="mt-8 md:mt-16"> <section class="docs_main max-w-prose"> <div id="main-content"> <h1>Testing: Getting Started</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#environment">Environment</a> </li> <li> <a href="#creating-tests">Creating Tests</a> </li> <li> <a href="#running-tests">Running Tests</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#running-tests-in-parallel">Running Tests in Parallel</a> </li> <li> <a href="#reporting-test-coverage">Reporting Test Coverage</a> </li> <li> <a href="#profiling-tests">Profiling Tests</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> <p>Laravel is built with testing in mind. In fact, support for testing with <a href="https://pestphp.com">Pest</a> and <a href="https://phpunit.de">PHPUnit</a> is included out of the box and a <code>phpunit.xml</code> file is already set up for your application. The framework also ships with convenient helper methods that allow you to expressively test your applications.</p> <p>By default, your application's <code>tests</code> directory contains two directories: <code>Feature</code> and <code>Unit</code>. Unit tests are tests that focus on a very small, isolated portion of your code. In fact, most unit tests probably focus on a single method. Tests within your "Unit" test directory do not boot your Laravel application and therefore are unable to access your application's database or other framework services.</p> <p>Feature tests may test a larger portion of your code, including how several objects interact with each other or even a full HTTP request to a JSON endpoint. <strong>Generally, most of your tests should be feature tests. These types of tests provide the most confidence that your system as a whole is functioning as intended.</strong></p> <p>An <code>ExampleTest.php</code> file is provided in both the <code>Feature</code> and <code>Unit</code> test directories. After installing a new Laravel application, execute the <code>vendor/bin/pest</code>, <code>vendor/bin/phpunit</code>, or <code>php artisan test</code> commands to run your tests.</p> <h2 id="environment"><a href="#environment">Environment</a></h2> <p>When running tests, Laravel will automatically set the <a href="/docs/11.x/configuration#environment-configuration">configuration environment</a> to <code>testing</code> because of the environment variables defined in the <code>phpunit.xml</code> file. Laravel also automatically configures the session and cache to the <code>array</code> driver so that no session or cache data will be persisted while testing.</p> <p>You are free to define other testing environment configuration values as necessary. The <code>testing</code> environment variables may be configured in your application's <code>phpunit.xml</code> file, but make sure to clear your configuration cache using the <code>config:clear</code> Artisan command before running your tests!</p> <h4 id="the-env-testing-environment-file"><a href="#the-env-testing-environment-file">The <code>.env.testing</code> Environment File</a></h4> <p>In addition, you may create a <code>.env.testing</code> file in the root of your project. This file will be used instead of the <code>.env</code> file when running Pest and PHPUnit tests or executing Artisan commands with the <code>--env=testing</code> option.</p> <h2 id="creating-tests"><a href="#creating-tests">Creating Tests</a></h2> <p>To create a new test case, use the <code>make:test</code> Artisan command. By default, tests will be placed in the <code>tests/Feature</code> directory:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">make:test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">UserTest</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>If you would like to create a test within the <code>tests/Unit</code> directory, you may use the <code>--unit</code> option when executing the <code>make:test</code> command:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">make:test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">UserTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--unit</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> Test stubs may be customized using <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan#stub-customization">stub publishing</a>.</p> </div> <p>Once the test has been generated, you may define test as you normally would using Pest or PHPUnit. To run your tests, execute the <code>vendor/bin/pest</code>, <code>vendor/bin/phpunit</code>, or <code>php artisan test</code> command from your terminal:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">basic</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> expect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">toBeTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Unit;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> PHPUnit\Framework\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_basic_test</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-red-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="6" height="35" viewBox="0 0 6 35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>exclamation</title><path d="M0 29h6v6H0v-6zM0 0h6v24H0V0z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> If you define your own <code>setUp</code> / <code>tearDown</code> methods within a test class, be sure to call the respective <code>parent::setUp()</code> / <code>parent::tearDown()</code> methods on the parent class. Typically, you should invoke <code>parent::setUp()</code> at the start of your own <code>setUp</code> method, and <code>parent::tearDown()</code> at the end of your <code>tearDown</code> method.</p> </div> <h2 id="running-tests"><a href="#running-tests">Running Tests</a></h2> <p>As mentioned previously, once you've written tests, you may run them using <code>pest</code> or <code>phpunit</code>:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">./vendor/bin/pest</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">./vendor/bin/phpunit</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>In addition to the <code>pest</code> or <code>phpunit</code> commands, you may use the <code>test</code> Artisan command to run your tests. The Artisan test runner provides verbose test reports in order to ease development and debugging:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>Any arguments that can be passed to the <code>pest</code> or <code>phpunit</code> commands may also be passed to the Artisan <code>test</code> command:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--testsuite=Feature</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--stop-on-failure</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h3 id="running-tests-in-parallel"><a href="#running-tests-in-parallel">Running Tests in Parallel</a></h3> <p>By default, Laravel and Pest / PHPUnit execute your tests sequentially within a single process. However, you may greatly reduce the amount of time it takes to run your tests by running tests simultaneously across multiple processes. To get started, you should install the <code>brianium/paratest</code> Composer package as a "dev" dependency. Then, include the <code>--parallel</code> option when executing the <code>test</code> Artisan command:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">composer </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">require</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">brianium/paratest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--dev</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--parallel</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>By default, Laravel will create as many processes as there are available CPU cores on your machine. However, you may adjust the number of processes using the <code>--processes</code> option:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--parallel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--processes=4</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-red-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="6" height="35" viewBox="0 0 6 35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>exclamation</title><path d="M0 29h6v6H0v-6zM0 0h6v24H0V0z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> When running tests in parallel, some Pest / PHPUnit options (such as <code>--do-not-cache-result</code>) may not be available.</p> </div> <h4 id="parallel-testing-and-databases"><a href="#parallel-testing-and-databases">Parallel Testing and Databases</a></h4> <p>As long as you have configured a primary database connection, Laravel automatically handles creating and migrating a test database for each parallel process that is running your tests. The test databases will be suffixed with a process token which is unique per process. For example, if you have two parallel test processes, Laravel will create and use <code>your_db_test_1</code> and <code>your_db_test_2</code> test databases.</p> <p>By default, test databases persist between calls to the <code>test</code> Artisan command so that they can be used again by subsequent <code>test</code> invocations. However, you may re-create them using the <code>--recreate-databases</code> option:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--parallel</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--recreate-databases</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h4 id="parallel-testing-hooks"><a href="#parallel-testing-hooks">Parallel Testing Hooks</a></h4> <p>Occasionally, you may need to prepare certain resources used by your application's tests so they may be safely used by multiple test processes.</p> <p>Using the <code>ParallelTesting</code> facade, you may specify code to be executed on the <code>setUp</code> and <code>tearDown</code> of a process or test case. The given closures receive the <code>$token</code> and <code>$testCase</code> variables that contain the process token and the current test case, respectively:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Providers;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ServiceProvider</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> PHPUnit\Framework\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">AppServiceProvider</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">ServiceProvider</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * Bootstrap any application services.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">boot</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">setUpProcess</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">int</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">setUpTestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">int</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$testCase</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Executed when a test database is created...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">setUpTestDatabase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$database</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">int</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Artisan</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">call</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">db:seed</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">tearDownTestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">int</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$testCase</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">tearDownProcess</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">int</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="accessing-the-parallel-testing-token"><a href="#accessing-the-parallel-testing-token">Accessing the Parallel Testing Token</a></h4> <p>If you would like to access the current parallel process "token" from any other location in your application's test code, you may use the <code>token</code> method. This token is a unique, string identifier for an individual test process and may be used to segment resources across parallel test processes. For example, Laravel automatically appends this token to the end of the test databases created by each parallel testing process:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$token</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ParallelTesting</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">token</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="reporting-test-coverage"><a href="#reporting-test-coverage">Reporting Test Coverage</a></h3> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-red-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="6" height="35" viewBox="0 0 6 35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>exclamation</title><path d="M0 29h6v6H0v-6zM0 0h6v24H0V0z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg> </div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> This feature requires <a href="https://xdebug.org">Xdebug</a> or <a href="https://pecl.php.net/package/pcov">PCOV</a>.</p> </div> <p>When running your application tests, you may want to determine whether your test cases are actually covering the application code and how much application code is used when running your tests. To accomplish this, you may provide the <code>--coverage</code> option when invoking the <code>test</code> command:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--coverage</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h4 id="enforcing-a-minimum-coverage-threshold"><a href="#enforcing-a-minimum-coverage-threshold">Enforcing a Minimum Coverage Threshold</a></h4> <p>You may use the <code>--min</code> option to define a minimum test coverage threshold for your application. The test suite will fail if this threshold is not met:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--coverage</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--min=80.3</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h3 id="profiling-tests"><a href="#profiling-tests">Profiling Tests</a></h3> <p>The Artisan test runner also includes a convenient mechanism for listing your application's slowest tests. Invoke the <code>test</code> command with the <code>--profile</code> option to be presented with a list of your ten slowest tests, allowing you to easily investigate which tests can be improved to speed up your test suite:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="shell" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">--profile</span></div></code></pre> </div><script> function setTab(tab, group, save) { save = typeof save === 'undefined' ? true : save document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .tabbed-code-nav-button`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .code-container`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] [data-tab="${tab}"]`) .forEach(el => el.classList.add('active')) if (save) { saveTab(tab, group) } } function getTabs() { try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.tabs) } catch { return {} } } function saveTab(tab, group) { localStorage.tabs = JSON.stringify({ ...getTabs(), [group]: tab, }) } function restoreTabs() { Object.entries(getTabs()).forEach(([group, tab]) => setTab(tab, group, false)) } restoreTabs() </script> <script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYILK3E&placement=laravelcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="relative pt-12 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-2xl mx-auto w-full px-8"> <div> <a href="/" class="inline-flex"> <img class="w-16 h-16" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="mt-6 grid grid-cols-12 md:gap-x-8 gap-y-12 sm:mt-12"> <div class="col-span-12 lg:col-span-4"> <p class="max-w-sm text-xs text-gray-700 sm:text-sm dark:text-gray-500"> Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We believe development must be an enjoyable and creative experience to be truly fulfilling. Laravel attempts to take the pain out of development by easing common tasks used in most web projects.</p> <ul class="mt-6 flex items-center space-x-3"> <li> <a href="https://x.com/laravelphp"> <img class="hidden dark:inline-block w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/x.dark.min.svg" alt="X" width="24" height="20" loading="lazy"> <img class="inline-block dark:hidden w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/x.min.svg" alt="X" width="24" height="20" loading="lazy"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/laravel"> <img class="hidden dark:inline-block w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/github.dark.min.svg" alt="GitHub" width="24" height="24" loading="lazy"> <img class="inline-block dark:hidden w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/github.min.svg" alt="GitHub" width="24" height="24" loading="lazy"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://discord.gg/laravel"> <img class="hidden dark:inline-block w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/discord.dark.min.svg" alt="Discord" width="21" height="24" loading="lazy"> <img class="inline-block dark:hidden w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/discord.min.svg" alt="Discord" width="21" height="24" loading="lazy"> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/laravelphp"> <img class="hidden dark:inline-block w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/youtube.dark.min.svg" alt="YouTube" width="169" height="150" loading="lazy"> <img class="inline-block dark:hidden w-6 h-6" src="/img/social/youtube.min.svg" alt="YouTube" width="169" height="150" loading="lazy"> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Highlights</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/releases" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Release Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/installation" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Getting Started</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/routing" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/blade" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Blade Templates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authentication" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/authorization" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Authorization</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/artisan" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Artisan Console</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/database" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Database</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Eloquent ORM</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/testing" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Testing</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Resources</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="https://bootcamp.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laravel Bootcamp</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracasts.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracasts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laravel-news.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laravel News</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.us" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.au" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon AU</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.eu/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon EU</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracon.in/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Laracon India</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://larabelles.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Larabelles</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laravel.com/careers" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://larajobs.com/?partner=5" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jobs</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://laracasts.com/discuss" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Forums</a> </li> <li> <a href="/trademark" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Trademark</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Partners</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="https://vehikl.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Vehikl</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://webreinvent.com/?utm_source=laravel&utm_medium=laravel.com&utm_campaign=footer-link" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">WebReinvent</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://tighten.co" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Tighten</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.bacancytechnology.com/hire-laravel-developer?utm_source=laravel&utm_medium=partners.laravel&utm_campaign=sponsors" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Bacancy</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://64robots.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">64 Robots</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://activelogic.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Active Logic</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.blackairplane.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Black Airplane</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.byte5.net/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Byte 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.curotec.com/services/technologies/laravel/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Curotec</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.cyber-duck.co.uk/how-we-work/technology/laravel?utm_source=Laravel%20Partner&utm_medium=Sponsorship" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Cyber-Duck</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://devsquad.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">DevSquad</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jump24.co.uk/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jump24</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://kirschbaumdevelopment.com/" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Kirschbaum</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="text-xs col-span-6 md:col-span-3 lg:col-span-2"> <span class="uppercase dark:text-gray-200">Ecosystem</span> <div class="mt-5"> <ul class="space-y-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-500"> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits#laravel-breeze" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Breeze</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/billing" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Cashier</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/dusk" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Dusk</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/broadcasting" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Echo</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://envoyer.io" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Envoyer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://forge.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Forge</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://herd.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Herd</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/horizon" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Horizon</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://inertiajs.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Inertia</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jetstream.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Jetstream</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://livewire.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Livewire</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://nova.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Nova</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/octane" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Octane</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pennant" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pennant</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/pint" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pint</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/prompts" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Prompts</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://pulse.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Pulse</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://reverb.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Reverb</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sail" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Sail</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/sanctum" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Sanctum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/scout" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Scout</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/socialite" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Socialite</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://spark.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Spark</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/telescope" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Telescope</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://vapor.laravel.com" class="transition-colors hover:text-gray-600 dark:hover:text-gray-400">Vapor</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mt-10 border-t pt-6 pb-16 border-gray-200 dark:border-dark-500"> <p class="text-xs text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400"> Laravel is a Trademark of Laravel Holdings Inc.<br /> Copyright © 2011-2024 Laravel Holdings Inc. </p> <p class="mt-6 text-xs text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400"> Code highlighting provided by <a href="https://torchlight.dev">Torchlight</a> </p> </div> </div> </footer> <script> var algolia_app_id = 'E3MIRNPJH5'; var algolia_search_key = '1fa3a8fec06eb1858d6ca137211225c0'; var version = '11.x'; </script> <script> var _gaq=[['_setAccount','UA-23865777-1'],['_trackPageview']]; (function(d,t){ var g=d.createElement(t),s=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; g.src=('https:'==location.protocol?'//ssl':'//www')+'.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s) }(document,'script')); </script> <!-- HubSpot --> <script type="text/javascript" id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="//js-na1.hs-scripts.com/45240648.js"></script> <div class="fixed"> <input type="text"> </div> </body> </html>