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Hashing - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans
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onclick="toDarkMode()" title="Switch to dark mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 22A10 10 0 0 0 22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2M12 4A8 8 0 0 1 20 12A8 8 0 0 1 12 20V4Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="w-full lg:w-40 lg:pl-12"> <div> <label class="text-gray-600 text-xs tracking-widest uppercase dark:text-gray-500" for="version-switcher">Version</label> <div x-data class="relative w-full bg-white transition-all duration-500 focus-within:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800"> <select id="version-switcher" aria-label="Laravel version" class="appearance-none flex-1 w-full px-0 py-1 placeholder-gray-900 tracking-wide bg-white border-transparent focus:outline-none dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:placeholder-gray-500" @change="window.location = $event.target.value" > <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/master/hashing">Master</option> <option selected value="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/hashing">11.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/hashing">10.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/hashing">9.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/hashing">8.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/hashing">7.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/hashing">6.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/hashing">5.8</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/hashing">5.7</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/hashing">5.6</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/hashing">5.5</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/hashing">5.4</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/hashing">5.3</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/hashing">5.2</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/hashing">5.1</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/hashing">5.0</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/hashing">4.2</option> </select> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none dark:hidden" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none hidden dark:block" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.dark.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 flex items-center justify-end w-full h-10 lg:mt-0"> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center"> <button id="docsearch" class="text-gray-800 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 w-full"></button> </div> </div> </div> <section class="mt-8 md:mt-16"> <section class="docs_main max-w-prose"> <div id="main-content"> <h1>Hashing</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#configuration">Configuration</a> </li> <li> <a href="#basic-usage">Basic Usage</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#hashing-passwords">Hashing Passwords</a> </li> <li> <a href="#verifying-that-a-password-matches-a-hash">Verifying That a Password Matches a Hash</a> </li> <li> <a href="#determining-if-a-password-needs-to-be-rehashed">Determining if a Password Needs to be Rehashed</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#hash-algorithm-verification">Hash Algorithm Verification</a> </li> </ul> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> <p>The Laravel <code>Hash</code> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">facade</a> provides secure Bcrypt and Argon2 hashing for storing user passwords. If you are using one of the <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits">Laravel application starter kits</a>, Bcrypt will be used for registration and authentication by default.</p> <p>Bcrypt is a great choice for hashing passwords because its "work factor" is adjustable, which means that the time it takes to generate a hash can be increased as hardware power increases. When hashing passwords, slow is good. The longer an algorithm takes to hash a password, the longer it takes malicious users to generate "rainbow tables" of all possible string hash values that may be used in brute force attacks against applications.</p> <h2 id="configuration"><a href="#configuration">Configuration</a></h2> <p>By default, Laravel uses the <code>bcrypt</code> hashing driver when hashing data. However, several other hashing drivers are supported, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon2"><code>argon</code></a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon2"><code>argon2id</code></a>.</p> <p>You may specify your application's hashing driver using the <code>HASH_DRIVER</code> environment variable. But, if you want to customize all of Laravel's hashing driver options, you should publish the complete <code>hashing</code> configuration file using the <code>config:publish</code> Artisan command:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="bash" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">php </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">artisan</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">config:publish</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">hashing</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h2 id="basic-usage"><a href="#basic-usage">Basic Usage</a></h2> <h3 id="hashing-passwords"><a href="#hashing-passwords">Hashing Passwords</a></h3> <p>You may hash a password by calling the <code>make</code> method on the <code>Hash</code> facade:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Http\Controllers;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">RedirectResponse</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">PasswordController</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">Controller</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * Update the password for the user.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">update</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Request</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">RedirectResponse</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Validate the new password length...</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fill</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">make</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$request</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">->newPassword</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">save</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">redirect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/profile</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="adjusting-the-bcrypt-work-factor"><a href="#adjusting-the-bcrypt-work-factor">Adjusting The Bcrypt Work Factor</a></h4> <p>If you are using the Bcrypt algorithm, the <code>make</code> method allows you to manage the work factor of the algorithm using the <code>rounds</code> option; however, the default work factor managed by Laravel is acceptable for most applications:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$hashed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">make</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">rounds</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">12</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="adjusting-the-argon2-work-factor"><a href="#adjusting-the-argon2-work-factor">Adjusting The Argon2 Work Factor</a></h4> <p>If you are using the Argon2 algorithm, the <code>make</code> method allows you to manage the work factor of the algorithm using the <code>memory</code>, <code>time</code>, and <code>threads</code> options; however, the default values managed by Laravel are acceptable for most applications:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$hashed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">make</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">memory</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1024</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">time</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">2</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">threads</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">2</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> For more information on these options, please refer to the <a href="https://secure.php.net/manual/en/function.password-hash.php">official PHP documentation regarding Argon hashing</a>.</p> </div> <h3 id="verifying-that-a-password-matches-a-hash"><a href="#verifying-that-a-password-matches-a-hash">Verifying That a Password Matches a Hash</a></h3> <p>The <code>check</code> method provided by the <code>Hash</code> facade allows you to verify that a given plain-text string corresponds to a given hash:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">if</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> (</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">check</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">plain-text</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$hashedPassword</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> The passwords match...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="determining-if-a-password-needs-to-be-rehashed"><a href="#determining-if-a-password-needs-to-be-rehashed">Determining if a Password Needs to be Rehashed</a></h3> <p>The <code>needsRehash</code> method provided by the <code>Hash</code> facade allows you to determine if the work factor used by the hasher has changed since the password was hashed. Some applications choose to perform this check during the application's authentication process:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">if</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> (</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">needsRehash</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$hashed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)) {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$hashed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Hash</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">make</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">plain-text</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="hash-algorithm-verification"><a href="#hash-algorithm-verification">Hash Algorithm Verification</a></h2> <p>To prevent hash algorithm manipulation, Laravel's <code>Hash::check</code> method will first verify the given hash was generated using the application's selected hashing algorithm. If the algorithms are different, a <code>RuntimeException</code> exception will be thrown.</p> <p>This is the expected behavior for most applications, where the hashing algorithm is not expected to change and different algorithms can be an indication of a malicious attack. However, if you need to support multiple hashing algorithms within your application, such as when migrating from one algorithm to another, you can disable hash algorithm verification by setting the <code>HASH_VERIFY</code> environment variable to <code>false</code>:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="ini" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><!-- Syntax highlighted by torchlight.dev --><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">HASH_VERIFY</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">=false</span></div></code></pre> </div> <script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYILK3E&placement=laravelcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="relative pt-12 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-2xl mx-auto w-full px-8"> <div> <a href="/" class="inline-flex"> <img class="w-16 h-16" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="mt-6 grid grid-cols-12 md:gap-x-8 gap-y-12 sm:mt-12"> <div class="col-span-12 lg:col-span-4"> <p class="max-w-sm text-xs text-gray-700 sm:text-sm dark:text-gray-500"> Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. 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