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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintetizador_anal%C3%B3gico" title="Sintetizador analógico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sintetizador analógico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth%C3%A9tiseur_analogique" title="Synthétiseur analogique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Synthétiseur analogique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintetizador_anal%C3%B3xico" title="Sintetizador analóxico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sintetizador analóxico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%A0%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8_%EC%8B%A0%EC%8B%9C%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80" title="아날로그 신시사이저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아날로그 신시사이저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC" title="アナログシンセサイザー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アナログシンセサイザー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Analog+synthesizer%22">"Analog synthesizer"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Analog+synthesizer%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Analog+synthesizer%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Analog+synthesizer%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Analog+synthesizer%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Analog+synthesizer%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimoog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/220px-Minimoog.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/330px-Minimoog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/440px-Minimoog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> is one of the most popular analog synthesizers ever built</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>analog synthesizer</b> (<a href="/wiki/British_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="British English language">British English</a>: <span lang="en-GB"><b>analogue synthesiser</b></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Analogue_electronics" title="Analogue electronics">analog circuits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog signals</a> to generate sound electronically. </p><p>The earliest analog synthesizers in the 1920s and 1930s, such as the <a href="/wiki/Trautonium" title="Trautonium">Trautonium</a>, were built with a variety of <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum-tube</a> (thermionic valve) and electro-mechanical technologies. After the 1960s, analog synthesizers were built using <a href="/wiki/Operational_amplifier" title="Operational amplifier">operational amplifier</a> (op-amp) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuits</a>, and used <a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">potentiometers</a> (pots, or variable <a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">resistors</a>) to adjust the sound parameters. Analog synthesizers also use <a href="/wiki/Low-pass_filter" title="Low-pass filter">low-pass filters</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-pass_filter" title="High-pass filter">high-pass filters</a> to modify the sound. While 1960s-era analog synthesizers such as the <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog</a> used a number of independent electronic modules connected by <a href="/wiki/Patch_cable" title="Patch cable">patch cables</a>, later analog synthesizers such as the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–1920"><span id="1900.E2.80.931920"></span>1900–1920</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1900–1920"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest mention of a "synthetic harmoniser" using electricity appears to be in 1906, created by the Scottish physicist <a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Milne" title="James Robert Milne">James Robert Milne</a> <a href="/wiki/FRSE" class="mw-redirect" title="FRSE">FRSE</a> (d.1961).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1920s–1950s"><span id="1920s.E2.80.931950s"></span>1920s–1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1920s–1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg/150px-Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg/225px-Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg/300px-Mixtur_Trautonium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="2488" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Trautonium" title="Trautonium">Trautonium</a>, 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest synthesizers used a variety of thermionic-valve (<a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tube</a>) and electro-mechanical technologies. While some electric instruments were produced in bulk, such as <a href="/wiki/Georges_Jenny" title="Georges Jenny">Georges Jenny</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ondioline" title="Ondioline">Ondioline</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hammond_organ" title="Hammond organ">Hammond organ</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Trautonium" title="Trautonium">Trautonium</a>, many of these would not be considered synthesizers by the standards of later instruments. However, some of these synthesizers achieved a high level of sophistication, such as the <a href="/wiki/Trautonium" title="Trautonium">Trautonium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Sala" title="Oskar Sala">Oskar Sala</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electronium" title="Electronium">Electronium</a> of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Scott" title="Raymond Scott">Raymond Scott</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/ANS_synthesizer" title="ANS synthesizer">ANS synthesizer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Murzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Evgeny Murzin">Evgeny Murzin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable early instrument is the <a href="/wiki/Novachord" title="Novachord">Hammond Novachord</a>, first produced in 1938. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s–1970s"><span id="1960s.E2.80.931970s"></span>1960s–1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early analog synthesizers used technology from electronic analog computers and laboratory test equipment. They were generally "modular" synthesizers, consisting of a number of independent electronic modules connected by patch cables into a <a href="/wiki/Patchbay" class="mw-redirect" title="Patchbay">patchbay</a> that resembled the jackfields used by 1940s-era telephone operators. Synthesizer modules in early analog synthesizers included <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">voltage-controlled oscillators</a> (VCOs), <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_filter" title="Voltage-controlled filter">voltage-controlled filters</a> (VCFs), and <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-controlled amplifier">voltage-controlled amplifiers</a> (VCAs). The control voltage varied frequency in VCOs and VCFs, and attenuation (gain) in VCAs. Additionally, they used <a href="/wiki/Envelope_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Envelope generator">envelope generators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_oscillator" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-frequency oscillator">low-frequency oscillators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ring_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring modulator">ring modulators</a>. Some synthesizers also had effects devices, such as <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a> units, or tools such as <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencers</a> or sound <a href="/wiki/Audio_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio engineering">mixers</a>. Because many of these modules took input sound signals and processed them, an analog synthesizer could be used both as a sound-generating and sound-processing system. </p><p>Famous <a href="/wiki/Modular_synthesizer" title="Modular synthesizer">modular synthesizer</a> manufacturers included <a href="/wiki/Moog_Music" title="Moog Music">Moog Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARP_Instruments,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="ARP Instruments, Inc.">ARP Instruments, Inc.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serge_Modular_Music_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Serge Modular Music Systems">Serge Modular Music Systems</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios_(London)_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd">Electronic Music Studios</a>. Moog established standards recognized worldwide for control interfacing on analog synthesizers, using an exponential 1-volt-per-octave pitch control and a separate pulse triggering signal. These control signals were routed using the same types of connectors and cables that were used for routing the synthesized sound signals. A specialized form of analog synthesizer is the analog <a href="/wiki/Vocoder" title="Vocoder">vocoder</a>, based on equipment developed for speech synthesis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cours.polytech.unice.fr/ssii/z.Supplements/vocoder/synthsec.pdf">Vocoders</a> are often used to make a sound that resembles a musical instrument talking or singing. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARP_2500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/ARP_2500.jpg/220px-ARP_2500.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/ARP_2500.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="103" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/ARP_2500" title="ARP 2500">ARP 2500</a> with expansion cabinets.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Patch_cords" class="mw-redirect" title="Patch cords">Patch cords</a> could be damaged by use (creating hard-to-find intermittent faults) and made complex patches difficult and time-consuming to recreate. Thus, later analog synthesizers used the same building blocks, but integrated them into single units, eliminating patch cords in favour of integrated signal routing systems. The most popular of these was the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a>. In 1970, Moog designed an innovative synthesizer with a built-in keyboard and without modular design—the analog circuits were retained, but made interconnectable with switches in a simplified arrangement called "normalization". Though less flexible than a modular design, normalization made the instrument more portable and easier to use. This first pre-patched synthesizer, the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a>, became highly popular, with over 12,000 units sold.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> also influenced the design of nearly all subsequent synthesizers, with integrated keyboard, pitch wheel and modulation wheel, and a <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">VCO</a>-><a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_filter" title="Voltage-controlled filter">VCF</a>-><a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage-controlled amplifier">VCA</a> signal flow. In the 1970s, miniaturized solid-state components let manufacturers produce self-contained, portable instruments, which musicians soon began to use in live performances. Electronic synthesizers quickly become a standard part of the popular-music repertoire. The first movie to use music made with a (Moog) synthesizer was the <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/On_Her_Majesty%27s_Secret_Service_(film)" title="On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)">On Her Majesty's Secret Service</a></i> in 1969. After the release of the film, <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composers</a> produced a large number of movie soundtracks that featured synthesizers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minimoog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/220px-Minimoog.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/330px-Minimoog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Minimoog.JPG/440px-Minimoog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2384" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> The <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> was one of the most popular synthesizers ever built</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable makers of all-in-one analog synthesizers included Moog, ARP, <a href="/wiki/Roland_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Roland corporation">Roland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a>. Because of the complexity of generating even a single note using analog synthesis, most synthesizers remained <a href="/wiki/Monophonic_(synthesizers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophonic (synthesizers)">monophonic</a>. Polyphonic analog synthesizers featured limited polyphony, typically supporting four voices. <a href="/wiki/Oberheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberheim">Oberheim</a> was a notable manufacturer of analog polyphonic synthesizers. The <a href="/wiki/Polymoog" title="Polymoog">Polymoog</a> was an attempt to create a truly polyphonic analog synthesizer, with sound generation circuitry for every key on the keyboard. However, its architecture resembled an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic organ">electronic organ</a> more than a traditional analog synthesizer, and the Polymoog was not widely imitated. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg/220px-Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg/330px-Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg/440px-Buchla_Music_Easel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buchla_Music_Easel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buchla Music Easel (page does not exist)">Buchla Music Easel</a> included a number of fader-style controls, switches, patch cord-connected modules, and a keyboard.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1978, the first <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a>-controlled analog synthesizers were created by <a href="/wiki/Sequential_Circuits" class="mw-redirect" title="Sequential Circuits">Sequential Circuits</a>. These used microprocessors for system control and control voltage generation, including envelope trigger generation, but the main sound generating path remained analog. The <a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a> interface standard was developed for these systems. This generation of synthesizers often featured six or eight voice polyphony. Also during this period, a number of analog/digital hybrid synthesizers were introduced, which replaced certain sound-producing functions with digital equivalents, for example the digital oscillators in synthesizers like the <a href="/wiki/Korg_DW-8000" title="Korg DW-8000">Korg DW-8000</a> (which played back PCM samples of various waveforms) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kawai_K5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kawai K5 (page does not exist)">Kawai K5</a> (waveforms constructed via additive synthesis). With the falling cost of microprocessors, this architecture became the standard architecture for high-end analog synthesizers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s–present"><span id="1980s.E2.80.93present"></span>1980s–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1980s–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the middle to late 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Digital_synthesizer" title="Digital synthesizer">digital synthesizers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">samplers</a> largely replaced analog synthesizers. By the early 1990s, however, musicians from the <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, rave and <a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a> scenes who wanted to produce electronic music but lacked the budget for large digital systems created a market for the then cheap second hand analog equipment. This increased demand for analog synthesizers towards the mid-1990s, as larger numbers of musicians gradually rediscovered the analog qualities. As a result, sounds associated with analog synths became popular again. </p><p>Over time, this increased demand for used units (such as the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Roland_TR-808" title="Roland TR-808">Roland TR-808</a> drum machine and <a href="/wiki/Roland_TB-303" title="Roland TB-303">Roland TB-303</a> bass synthesizer). Late 1970s-era drum machines used <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuned_resonance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuned resonance (page does not exist)">tuned resonance</a> voice circuits for pitched drum sounds and shaped <a href="/wiki/White_noise" title="White noise">white noise</a> for others. The TR-808 improves on these designs, by using detuned <a href="/wiki/Square_wave" title="Square wave">square wave</a> oscillators (for the cow bell and cymbal sounds) and analogue <a href="/wiki/Reverberation" title="Reverberation">reverberation</a> (for the handclap sound). The demand for the analog synth sound led to development of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Analog_modeling_synthesizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog modeling synthesizers">analog modeling synthesizers</a>—which emulate analog <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">VCOs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_filter" title="Voltage-controlled filter">VCFs</a> using samples, software, or specialized digital circuitry, and the construction of new analog keyboard synths such as the <a href="/wiki/Alesis_Andromeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Alesis Andromeda">Alesis Andromeda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prophet_%2708" title="Prophet '08">Prophet '08</a>, and Moog's <a href="/wiki/Little_Phatty" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Phatty">Little Phatty</a>, as well as semi-modular and modular units. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_modern_music">Use in modern music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Use in modern music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lapse of patents in recent years, such as for the <a href="/wiki/Moog_synthesizer" title="Moog synthesizer">Moog synthesizer</a> transistor ladder filter, has spurred a return of <a href="/wiki/DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY">DIY</a> and kit synthesizer modules, as well as an increase in the number of commercial companies selling analog modules. Reverse engineering has also revealed the secrets of some synthesizer components, such as those from <a href="/wiki/ARP_Instruments,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="ARP Instruments, Inc.">ARP Instruments, Inc.</a> In addition, despite the widespread availability during the 2000s of relatively inexpensive digital synthesizers that offered complex synthesis algorithms and envelopes, some musicians are attracted to the sounds of monophonic and polyphonic analog synths. While some musicians embrace analog synthesizers as preferable, others counter that analog and digital synthesis simply represent different sonic generation processes that both reproduce characteristics the other misses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another factor considered to have increased use of analog synths since the 1990s is weariness with the complex screen-based navigation systems of digital synths, with the "hands-on", practical controls of analog synths – potentiometer knobs, faders, and other features – offering a strong appeal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SSM_and_CEM_ICs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SSM and CEM ICs (page does not exist)">SSM and CEM ICs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1906</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpuscul.net/muz-oborudovanie/sintezatory/pervye-sintezatory/sintezator-ans-1938-1957/"><i>1957 Evgeny Murzin ANS synthesizer</i></a>, Kom. Musik, September 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1957+Evgeny+Murzin+ANS+synthesizer&rft.pub=Kom.+Musik&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorpuscul.net%2Fmuz-oborudovanie%2Fsintezatory%2Fpervye-sintezatory%2Fsintezator-ans-1938-1957%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalog+synthesizer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328012446/http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/moog-music-minimoog-090106/"><i>1970 Robert Moog Moog Music Minimoog Synthesizer</i></a>, Mix Magazine, September 1, 2006, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mixonline.com/TECnology-Hall-of-Fame/moog-music-minimoog-090106/">the original</a> on 28 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1970+Robert+Moog+Moog+Music+Minimoog+Synthesizer&rft.pub=Mix+Magazine&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmixonline.com%2FTECnology-Hall-of-Fame%2Fmoog-music-minimoog-090106%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalog+synthesizer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirn2013" class="citation web cs1">Kirn, Peter (2013-07-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://createdigitalmusic.com/2013/07/video-explains-why-difference-between-analog-digital-isnt-what-most-people-think/">"Video Explains Why Difference Between Analog, Digital Isn't What Most People Think"</a>. Create Digital Media, GmbH<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+Explains+Why+Difference+Between+Analog%2C+Digital+Isn%27t+What+Most+People+Think&rft.pub=Create+Digital+Media%2C+GmbH&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.aulast=Kirn&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcreatedigitalmusic.com%2F2013%2F07%2Fvideo-explains-why-difference-between-analog-digital-isnt-what-most-people-think%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnalog+synthesizer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analog_synthesizer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.till.com/articles/arp/patents.html">ARP synthesizer patents</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2004/03/15/modular-analog-synthesizers-return/">Modular Analog Synthesizers Return!</a> – a discussion of modern modular equipment with links to major manufacturers.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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