CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Electronic Music Studios - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"30b6db78-2186-4df5-a7a6-2f1f70ec000c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Electronic_Music_Studios","wgTitle":"Electronic Music Studios","wgCurRevisionId":1172004380,"wgRevisionId":1172004380,"wgArticleId":1213168,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from April 2022","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","CS1: long volume value","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Synthesizer manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom","Companies based in Cornwall","EMS synthesizers","Music sequencers", "Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in London"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Electronic_Music_Studios","wgRelevantArticleId":1213168,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Electronic_Music_Studios_(London)_Ltd","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1326103","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready" };RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Electronic Music Studios - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Electronic_Music_Studios rootpage-Electronic_Music_Studios skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Electronic+Music+Studios" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Electronic+Music+Studios" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Electronic+Music+Studios" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Electronic+Music+Studios" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Founders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Founders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VCS_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VCS_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>VCS 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VCS_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthi_100" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthi_100"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Synthi 100</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthi_100-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synthi_A_/_Synthi_AK_/_Synthi_AKS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthi_A_/_Synthi_AK_/_Synthi_AKS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Synthi A / Synthi AK / Synthi AKS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthi_A_/_Synthi_AK_/_Synthi_AKS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music_and_the_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music_and_the_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In music and the media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music_and_the_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_major_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_major_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Timeline of major products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_major_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Electronic Music Studios</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studio" title="Electronic Music Studio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Electronic Music Studio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA" title="エレクトロニック・ミュージック・スタジオ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エレクトロニック・ミュージック・スタジオ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="Electronic Music Studios – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Electronic Music Studios" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1326103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Electronic_Music_Studios" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Music_Studios"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Electronic_Music_Studios" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Electronic_Music_Studios" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&oldid=1172004380" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Electronic_Music_Studios&id=1172004380&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElectronic_Music_Studios"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElectronic_Music_Studios"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronic_Music_Studios_(London)_Ltd." hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1326103" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios_(London)_Ltd&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd">Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British synthesizer company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Electronic Music Studios</b> (<b>EMS</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a> company formed in Putney, London in 1969 by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Zinovieff" title="Peter Zinovieff">Peter Zinovieff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristram_Cary" title="Tristram Cary">Tristram Cary</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Cockerell" title="David Cockerell">David Cockerell</a>. It is now based in <a href="/wiki/Ladock" title="Ladock">Ladock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founders">Founders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Founders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The founding partners had wide experience in both electronics and music. Cockerell, who was EMS' main equipment designer in its early years, was an electronics engineer and computer programmer. In the mid-1960s Zinovieff had formed the electronic music group <a href="/wiki/Unit_Delta_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit Delta Plus">Unit Delta Plus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Delia_Derbyshire" title="Delia Derbyshire">Delia Derbyshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Hodgson" title="Brian Hodgson">Brian Hodgson</a> of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a>. Cary was a noted composer and a pioneer in electronic music—he was one of the first people in the UK to work in the <a href="/wiki/Musique_concrete" class="mw-redirect" title="Musique concrete">musique concrete</a> field and built one of the country's first electronic music studios; he also worked widely in film and TV, composing scores for numerous <a href="/wiki/Ealing_Studios" title="Ealing Studios">Ealing Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hammer_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammer Films">Hammer Films</a> productions, and he is well known for his work on the BBC's <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, notably on the classic serial <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daleks" title="The Daleks">The Daleks</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="VCS_3">VCS 3</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: VCS 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EMS_VCS_3" title="EMS VCS 3">EMS VCS 3</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Synthi_(VCS_3)_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_(2015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg/200px-EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg/300px-EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg/400px-EMS_Synthi_%28VCS_3%29_II_-_Nerd_heaven_in_Kimito_%282015-05-16_13.04.49_by_Ville_Hyv%C3%B6nen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Front view of the Synthi (VCS 3) II <div><ul><li>[top left] three main <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">oscillators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noise_generator" title="Noise generator">noise generator</a> and inputs</li><li>[top right] <a href="/wiki/Low-pass_filter" title="Low-pass filter">filter</a>/oscillator, <a href="/wiki/Envelope_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Envelope generator">envelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">reverb.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_modulation#Use_in_music" title="Ring modulation">ring mod.</a>, etc.</li><li>[bottom left] matrix plugboard</li><li>[bottom right] joystick</li></ul></div> (DK1 keyboard not shown)</figcaption></figure> <p>The company's first commercial synthesiser, the <a href="/wiki/EMS_VCS_3" title="EMS VCS 3">VCS 3</a>, designed by David Cockerell, was introduced in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs3_VCS3_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Putney)]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs3_VCS3_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Putney)]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was developed in the basement of Zinovieff's house and was nicknamed "The Putney" after the London suburb where he was living at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EMS' original aim was to create a versatile monophonic synthesiser that would retail for just £100. While this proved unattainable in practice, the company nevertheless succeeded in manufacturing and selling the VCS3 for just £330, less than its nearest American competitor the <a href="/wiki/Minimoog" title="Minimoog">Minimoog</a> (which originally retailed for US$1495 when released in 1970) and far cheaper than Moog's modular systems, which cost thousands of dollars. EMS also released the DK1, a velocity sensitive dynamic monophonic keyboard controller for use with VCS3; this included an extra <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">VCO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Variable-gain_amplifier" title="Variable-gain amplifier">VCA</a> and retailed for £145. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmldk1_DK1_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Cricklewood)]_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmldk1_DK1_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Cricklewood)]-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dk1photo_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk1photo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dk2photo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk2photo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DK1 was nicknamed "The Cricklewood" after the London suburb where Cockerell lived. EMS used to have a R&D department based over a DIY shop in Cricklewood Lane, Cricklewood, London, so that could have influenced the name of the mechanical keyboard. It is not widely known that EMS electronic equipment was mostly made by another company "Hilton Electronics" based in Wareham, Dorset.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The VCS3 consisted of 3 <a href="/wiki/Voltage-controlled_oscillator" title="Voltage-controlled oscillator">voltage-controlled oscillators</a> (VCOs), a <a href="/wiki/Noise_generator" title="Noise generator">noise generator</a>, two input amplifiers, <a href="/wiki/Ring_modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring modulator">ring modulator</a>, voltage-controlled <a href="/wiki/Low-pass_filter" title="Low-pass filter">low-pass filter</a>, trapezoid <a href="/wiki/Envelope_generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Envelope generator">envelope generator</a>, voltage-controlled <a href="/wiki/Reverberation#Creating_reverberation_effects" title="Reverberation">reverberation</a>, level meter, two output amplifiers thus providing a stereo output, and a <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> providing 'X' and 'Y' modulation control. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg/165px-EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg/248px-EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg/330px-EMS_VCS3_Mk_II_routing_matrix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3101" data-file-height="3359" /></a><figcaption>Matrix plugboard <span class="nowrap">on Synthi VCS 3 II</span></figcaption></figure> <p>A distinctive design feature of the VCS3 (and later EMS systems) was that, rather than using patch cords to route audio and control signals between modules, Cockerell employed a small matrix plugboard (patchboard) into which the user stuck special conductive pins that connected an input (listed on the X-axis of the matrix) to an output (on the Y-axis). This matrix plugboard gave the VCS3 a high degree of inter-connectivity, comparable to that of much larger modular systems, and far greater than similar small synthesisers like the Minimoog. It was also much easier to examine than the tangle of patch cords used to interconnect other modular systems of the day, such as the <a href="/wiki/Moog_modular_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Moog modular synthesizer">Moog modular synthesizer</a> and was many times smaller than the cumbersome Moog patch bays, which used patch cord leads capped with 1/4-inch 'phone' jacks. </p><p>A live performance version, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_VCS4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS VCS4 (page does not exist)">VCS4</a>, was built later the same year but was never put into production. It comprised two VCS3s side-by-side with a keyboard, mixer and signal processing in front, all in a single wooden cabinet. Although EMS lost track of the instrument in 1983, it survived and in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs4_VCS4_(1969)]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs4_VCS4_(1969)]-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 2019 when musician <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Desorgher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Desorgher (page does not exist)">Simon Desorgher</a> sold it to the Goldsmiths College, University of London Electronic Music Studios.<sup id="cite_ref-sonicstate-vcs4_event_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sonicstate-vcs4_event-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company's next project, the Synthi KB1 (1970), designed by Cockerell, also never went into production. It featured the same synthesis modules as the VCS3, but housed in a horizontal box casing, with a 29-note mini-keyboard controller and two small built in speakers. Only one prototype unit was built and this was subsequently sold to the progressive rock group <a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlkb1_Synthi_KB1_(1970)]_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlkb1_Synthi_KB1_(1970)]-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthi_100">Synthi 100</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Synthi 100"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Synthi_100_(400%25,_edit1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg/310px-EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg/465px-EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg/620px-EMS_Synthi_100_%28400%25%2C_edit1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2044" data-file-height="1498" /></a><figcaption>EMS Synthi 100</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_100" title="EMS Synthi 100">EMS Synthi 100</a></div> <p>EMS moved into direct competition with Moog in 1971 with the development of its first large-scale modular synthesiser, the "<a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_100" title="EMS Synthi 100">Synthi 100</a>", which originally retailed for £6,500. This unit was first known as the "Digitana" another was later dubbed "The Delaware", after Delaware Rd, Maida Vale, the location of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop. Mounted in a free-standing console cabinet, the Synthi 100 was the third development level of the original VCS3, being in essence 28 VCS3 units by circuit board count. It was driven by twelve VCOs and eight VCF oscillators. Featured a built-in <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscope</a>, two 60 x 60 patchbays, two joystick controllers, dual five-octave velocity-sensitive keyboard controllers and a 10,000 clock event with 6x6bit D/A outputs. e.g. 256 duophonic events (512 CV events) digital sequencer. About 30 units were built by EMS, and these enjoyed wide use in the 1970s and beyond; one model was sold to the BBC Radiophonic Workshop and was used extensively on BBC productions including <i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_7" title="Blake's 7">Blake's 7</a></i> and the original radio version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hitchhikers%27_Guide_to_the_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy">The Hitchhikers' Guide to the Galaxy</a></i>. The sequencer module of the Synthi 100 was also made available as a separate unit, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_Sequencer_256&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 (page does not exist)">Synthi Sequencer 256</a>, which originally sold for £1,100.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_100_(1971,_formerly_Digitana,_a.k.a._the_Delaware)]_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_100_(1971,_formerly_Digitana,_a.k.a._the_Delaware)]-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthi_A_/_Synthi_AK_/_Synthi_AKS"><span id="Synthi_A_.2F_Synthi_AK_.2F_Synthi_AKS"></span>Synthi A / Synthi AK / Synthi AKS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synthi A / Synthi AK / Synthi AKS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Synthi_AKS_(opened).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg/160px-EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg/240px-EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg/320px-EMS_Synthi_AKS_%28opened%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A later-model, <span class="nowrap">Synthi AKS</span> <span class="nowrap">equips built-in KS Sequencer</span> with capacitive keyboard</figcaption></figure> <div style="float:right;margin-right:-1em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/EMS_A.jpg/130px-EMS_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/EMS_A.jpg/195px-EMS_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/EMS_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="220" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The prototype "Portabella" Synthi A with built-in speakers</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg/130px-EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg/195px-EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg/260px-EMS_Synthi_A_%26_DK_played_by_Thomas_Lehn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Synthi A with DK <i>series</i> keyboard <sup id="cite_ref-dk1photo_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk1photo-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dk2photo_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk2photo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_A" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS Synthi A">EMS Synthi A</a> and <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_AKS" title="EMS Synthi AKS">EMS Synthi AKS</a></div> <p>In 1971 EMS released a portable version of the VCS3, the <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_A" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS Synthi A">EMS Synthi A</a>, originally called the "Portabella", a pun on London's <a href="/wiki/Portobello_Road" title="Portobello Road">Portobello Road</a>. Built into a compact <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spartanite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spartanite (page does not exist)">Spartanite</a> attaché case, this unit was even cheaper than the original VCS3 and retailed for just £198. The following year EMS released an expanded version, the <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_AKS" title="EMS Synthi AKS">Synthi AKS</a>, which retailed for £420 and featured a sequencer and a small keyboard built into the lid. The first 30 AK units featured a black and silver touch pad, a Spin-and-touch random note selector and a resistive touch-sensitive keyboard; these original keyboards proved difficult to use, so they were subsequently replaced with blue capacitive touch-sensitive keyboard with integrated sequencer, and became known as the KS version.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthiaks_Synthi_AKS_(1972)]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthiaks_Synthi_AKS_(1972)]-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Synthi AKS proved very popular and AKS units owned by Eno, Pink Floyd and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Jarre" title="Jean-Michel Jarre">Jean-Michel Jarre</a> featured prominently in music by these artists in the early 1970s; one of the best-known appearances of an AKS on record is the track "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Run_(instrumental)" title="On the Run (instrumental)">On the Run</a>" from Pink Floyd's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i> (1973), and it can be seen being used by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour">David Gilmour</a> during the recording of the album in footage included in the 1st Director's Cut of <i><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd:_Live_at_Pompeii" title="Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii">Live at Pompeii</a></i> and in the DSOTM episode of the BBC documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Albums" title="Classic Albums">Classic Albums</a></i>, respectively (Gilmour used his to demonstrate the sequence used in the song). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_music_and_the_media">In music and the media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In music and the media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Mills,_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse,_2009-05-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg/170px-Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg/255px-Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg/340px-Dick_Mills%2C_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_at_the_Roundhouse%2C_2009-05-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Dick Mills, BBC Radiophonic Workshop at the Roundhouse</figcaption></figure> <p>EMS synthesisers and their London studios were used by many prominent rock and electronic artists including <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Meddle" title="Meddle">Meddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obscured_by_Clouds" title="Obscured by Clouds">Obscured by Clouds</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wish_You_Were_Here_(Pink_Floyd_album)" title="Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd album)">Wish You Were Here</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animals_(Pink_Floyd_album)" title="Animals (Pink Floyd album)">Animals</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall" title="The Wall">The Wall</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Won%27t_Get_Fooled_Again" title="Won't Get Fooled Again">Won't Get Fooled Again</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxy_Music" title="Roxy Music">Roxy Music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream" title="Tangerine Dream">Tangerine Dream</a> (all early <a href="/wiki/Tangerine_Dream_discography" title="Tangerine Dream discography">albums</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hawkwind" title="Hawkwind">Hawkwind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Blake" title="Tim Blake">Tim Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Michel_Jarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Michel Jarre">Jean Michel Jarre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Vorhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="David Vorhaus">David Vorhaus</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/White_Noise_(band)#Discography" title="White Noise (band)">White Noise 2</a></i>). As noted above, the <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_100" title="EMS Synthi 100">Synthi 100</a> "Delaware" owned by the Radiophonic Workshop was used extensively for BBC radio and television productions in the 1970s. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png/160px-EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png/240px-EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png/320px-EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="863" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">EMS Synthi Hi-Fli (1973), one of the earliest analog multi effect processors</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg/160px-Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg/240px-Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg/320px-Synthi_Hi_Fli_live_on_stage_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Groundhogs' Tony McPhee using the Synthi Hi-Fli live in 1974</div></div></div></div></div><div style="float:right;margin-right:-1em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg/130px-Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg/195px-Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg/260px-Pink_Floyd_Their_Mortal_Remains_-_2017-10-13_-_Andy_Mabbett_-_51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour">David Gilmour</a>'s 'EMS Synthi Hi-Fli' (aka 'The Sound Freak'), purchased 1972, used on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_the_Moon" title="The Dark Side of the Moon">The Dark Side of the Moon</a></i></figcaption></figure> </div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi Hi-Fli (page does not exist)">EMS Synthi Hi-Fli</a> analog multi effect processor was used extensively by <a href="/wiki/Tony_McPhee" title="Tony McPhee">Tony TS Mcphee</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Groundhogs" title="The Groundhogs">The Groundhogs</a> and was used on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Solid_(Groundhogs_album)" title="Solid (Groundhogs album)">SOLID</a></i> in 1974. Footage exists of them live at the <a href="/wiki/Marquee_Club" title="Marquee Club">Marquee Club</a> in London and it is clearly visible on its stand on stage. This footage was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Grey_Whistle_Test" title="The Old Grey Whistle Test">The Old Grey Whistle Test</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2010 Zinovieff put his original <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_A" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS Synthi A">Synthi A</a> synthesiser (serial number 4016) up for sale. This instrument, which he believes was the one featured in the "Every Picnic Needs a Synthi" press advertisement,<sup id="cite_ref-hinton1998_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hinton1998-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was fully restored by Robin Wood at EMS.<sup id="cite_ref-hertz2010_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hertz2010-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>EMS equipment can be seen in the 1978 British <a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">horror film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shout" title="The Shout">The Shout</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hurt" title="John Hurt">John Hurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susannah_York" title="Susannah York">Susannah York</a>, the equipment featured includes a <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_Sequencer_256&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 (page does not exist)">Synthi Sequencer 256</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Vocoder_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Vocoder 2000 (page does not exist)">Vocoder 2000</a> and a <a href="/wiki/EMS_VCS_3" title="EMS VCS 3">VCS3</a>, the film is available on DVD (Network 79527630), the equipment was loaned to "The Rank Organisation" by Dartington College in Devon, and the featured Synthi Sequencer 256 was recently sold on the "Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction" VEMIA <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> website in April 2011. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_major_products">Timeline of major products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Timeline of major products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg/155px-EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg/233px-EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg/310px-EMS_at_MIM_Sequencer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 (1971) panel</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spectre_image3-1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spectre_image3-1977.jpg/149px-Spectre_image3-1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spectre_image3-1977.jpg/224px-Spectre_image3-1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spectre_image3-1977.jpg/298px-Spectre_image3-1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">EMS Spectron (1974) video-synthesized image</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg/161px-EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg/242px-EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg/322px-EMS_SYNTHI-E_synthesizer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">EMS Synthi-E synthesizer (1975)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_Vocoder_5000_(clip)_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_(reconstruction)_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_(2015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg/143px-EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg/215px-EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg/286px-EMS_Vocoder_5000_%28clip%29_-_The_Doctor_Who_Experience_-_sound_effect_studio_%28reconstruction%29_-_Cardiff_Trip_111_%282015-04-06_11.30.20_by_James_Truepenny%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="1110" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">EMS Vocoder 5000 (1976)</div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li>1969 - <a href="/wiki/EMS_VCS_3" title="EMS VCS 3">EMS VCS 3</a></li> <li>1971 - <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_A" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS Synthi A">EMS Synthi A</a></li> <li>1971 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_AK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi AK (page does not exist)">EMS Synthi AK</a></li> <li>1971 - <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_100" title="EMS Synthi 100">EMS Synthi 100</a></li> <li>1971 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_Sequencer_256&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi Sequencer 256 (page does not exist)">EMS Synthi Sequencer 256</a> (digital <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencer</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_Sequencer_256_(1971,_formerly_Synthi_Moog_Sequencer)]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_Sequencer_256_(1971,_formerly_Synthi_Moog_Sequencer)]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972 - <a href="/wiki/EMS_Synthi_AKS" title="EMS Synthi AKS">EMS Synthi AKS</a></li> <li>1973 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Synthi_Hi-Fli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Synthi Hi-Fli (page does not exist)">EMS Synthi Hi-Fli</a> (<a href="/wiki/Effects_unit#Multi-effects_and_tabletop_units" title="Effects unit">multi-effect</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlhifli_Synthi_Hi-Fli_(1973,_formerly_Sound_Freak)]_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlhifli_Synthi_Hi-Fli_(1973,_formerly_Sound_Freak)]-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1974 - <a href="/wiki/EMS_Spectron" class="mw-redirect" title="EMS Spectron">EMS Spectron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Video_synthesizer" title="Video synthesizer">video synthesizer</a>, formerly <i>Spectre</i>) <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlspectron_Spectron_(1974,_formerly_Spectre)]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlspectron_Spectron_(1974,_formerly_Spectre)]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1975 - EMS Synthi E <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthie_Synthi_E_(1975)]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthie_Synthi_E_(1975)]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1976 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Vocoder_5000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Vocoder 5000 (page does not exist)">EMS Vocoder 5000</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc5000_Vocoder_5000_(1976,_a.k.a._Studio_Vocoder)]_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc5000_Vocoder_5000_(1976,_a.k.a._Studio_Vocoder)]-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_Vocoder_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS Vocoder 2000 (page does not exist)">EMS Vocoder 2000</a> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc2000_Vocoder_2000_(1977)]_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc2000_Vocoder_2000_(1977)]-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1978 - <a href="/w/index.php?title=EMS_PolySynthi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EMS PolySynthi (page does not exist)">EMS PolySynthi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polyphonic_synthesizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphonic synthesizer">polyphonic synthesizer</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlpolysynthi_PolySynthi_(1978)]_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlpolysynthi_PolySynthi_(1978)]-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EMS_MUSYS-3_(1970)_system_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg/160px-EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg/240px-EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg/320px-EMS_MUSYS-3_%281970%29_system_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="1551" /></a><figcaption>EMS MUSYS 3 (1970) system diagram</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHinton2002" class="citation web cs1">Hinton, Graham (27 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521015858/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsstory.html">"EMS: The Inside Story"</a>. Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsstory.html">the original</a> on 21 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMS%3A+The+Inside+Story&rft.place=Cornwall&rft.pub=Electronic+Music+Studios&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk%2Femsstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> <br />Inside story about the beginnings of EMS, studios, non-commercial equipment, people and users.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton2001" class="citation web cs1">Hinton, Graham (17 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html">"A Guide to the EMS Product Range - 1969 to 1979"</a>. Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html">the original</a> on 31 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+EMS+Product+Range+-+1969+to+1979&rft.place=Cornwall&rft.pub=Electronic+Music+Studios&rft.date=2001-06-17&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk%2Femsprods.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusicaInformatica2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicainformatica.org/topics/musys.php">"MUSYS"</a>. <i>musicainformatica.org / musicainformatica.it</i>. 16 May 2014. <q><i>figure 2</i> - A summary that shows the position of the two PDP computers within the MUSYS system, and all the devices connected to them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=musicainformatica.org+%2F+musicainformatica.it&rft.atitle=MUSYS&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicainformatica.org%2Ftopics%2Fmusys.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicainformatica.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/schema-musys-computer-music-system.png"><i>figure2</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=figure2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicainformatica.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F05%2Fschema-musys-computer-music-system.png&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrogono1973" class="citation journal cs1">Grogono, Peter (1973). "MUSYS: Software for an electronic music studio". <i>Software: Practice and Experience</i>. <b>3</b> (4): 369–383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspe.4380030410">10.1002/spe.4380030410</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206507040">206507040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Software%3A+Practice+and+Experience&rft.atitle=MUSYS%3A+Software+for+an+electronic+music+studio&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=369-383&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fspe.4380030410&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206507040%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Grogono&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockerell2013" class="citation web cs1">Cockerell, David (1 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radionz.co.nz/concert/programmes/hopefulmachines/audio/201812323/interview-david-cockerell">"Interview - David Cockerell"</a>. <i>These Hopeful Machines</i>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a>. <q>[Q] <i>...Chronometer [3], as I understand it, the sounds of the clock mechanisms and all the rest of it were effectively sampled by an ADC, stored and manipulated by the computer and then spat out again. What was the breakthrough ...</i> [A] <i>Peter kept buying the latest computers that came out and of course the memory increased. Then I built him a hard disc recorder so that one could store some of the sounds on this hard disc. ...</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=These+Hopeful+Machines&rft.atitle=Interview+-+David+Cockerell&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Cockerell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radionz.co.nz%2Fconcert%2Fprogrammes%2Fhopefulmachines%2Faudio%2F201812323%2Finterview-david-cockerell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> as a corner of radio program Sound Lounge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs3_VCS3_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Putney)]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs3_VCS3_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Putney)]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#vcs3">VCS3 (1969, a.k.a. The Putney)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/computer-orchestra">"Computer Orchestra 1968"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(video)</span>. British Pathé. 15 September 1968. <span style="font-size:85%;">Media URN: 56894; Film ID: 2071.30; Canister: 68/75; Sort Number: 68/075</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Computer+Orchestra+1968&rft.pub=British+Path%C3%A9&rft.date=1968-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpathe.com%2Fvideo%2Fcomputer-orchestra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmldk1_DK1_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Cricklewood)]-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmldk1_DK1_(1969,_a.k.a._The_Cricklewood)]_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#dk1">DK1 (1969, a.k.a. The Cricklewood)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dk1photo-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dk1photo_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dk1photo_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synthfind.com/ems/ems-vcs3-and-dk1-cricklewood-keyboard/"><i>EMS VCS3 and DK1 Cricklewood Keyboard</i></a>. <i>Synthfind.com</i> (photographs). 26 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMS+VCS3+and+DK1+Cricklewood+Keyboard&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.synthfind.com%2Fems%2Fems-vcs3-and-dk1-cricklewood-keyboard%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dk2photo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dk2photo_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dk2photo_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100428235334/http://www.derekrevell.co.uk/EMSDK2.html"><i>EMS SYNTHI DK.2 Duo-phonic 37 note Keyboard - Pictures of DK2 Serial No. 2402</i></a>. <i>Derek Revell's Website</i> (photographs). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phutney.com/EMSDK2.html">the original</a> on 28 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMS+SYNTHI+DK.2+Duo-phonic+37+note+Keyboard+-+Pictures+of+DK2+Serial+No.+2402&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phutney.com%2FEMSDK2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (moved from: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.derekrevell.co.uk/EMSDK2.html">"www.derekrevell.co.uk"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.derekrevell.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.derekrevell.co.uk%2FEMSDK2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> – duophonic version of DK1, released in 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs4_VCS4_(1969)]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvcs4_VCS4_(1969)]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#vcs4">VCS4 (1969)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sonicstate-vcs4_event-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sonicstate-vcs4_event_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sonicstate.com/news/2020/03/02/there-was-a-vcs4-after-all-spend-a-day-with-it/">"There Was A VCS4 After All - Spend A Day With It"</a>. Sonic State. 2 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=There+Was+A+VCS4+After+All+-+Spend+A+Day+With+It&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsonicstate.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F03%2F02%2Fthere-was-a-vcs4-after-all-spend-a-day-with-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlkb1_Synthi_KB1_(1970)]-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlkb1_Synthi_KB1_(1970)]_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#kb1">Synthi KB1 (1970)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_100_(1971,_formerly_Digitana,_a.k.a._the_Delaware)]-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_100_(1971,_formerly_Digitana,_a.k.a._the_Delaware)]_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#synthi100">Synthi 100 (1971, formerly Digitana, a.k.a. the Delaware)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthiaks_Synthi_AKS_(1972)]-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthiaks_Synthi_AKS_(1972)]_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#synthiaks">Synthi AKS (1972)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131205234407/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_McuK-kLxnw"><i>Groundhogs Light My Light 1974</i></a> (video). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_McuK-kLxnw">the original</a> on 5 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Groundhogs+Light+My+Light+1974&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_McuK-kLxnw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinton1998-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hinton1998_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton1998" class="citation web cs1">Hinton, Graham (8 August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902062918/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/adverts.html">"Every Advert Needs A Synthi"</a>. Cornwall: Electronic Music Studios. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/adverts.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(advertisement)</span> on 2 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Every+Advert+Needs+A+Synthi&rft.place=Cornwall&rft.pub=Electronic+Music+Studios&rft.date=1998-08-08&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk%2Fadverts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hertz2010-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hertz2010_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJack_Hertz2010" class="citation web cs1">Jack Hertz (2 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130728101901/http://synth.me/music-gear/emss-dr-zinovieffs-original-synthi-sale">"EMS's Dr Zinovieff's Original Synthi A For Sale"</a>. <i>Synth Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://synth.me/music-gear/emss-dr-zinovieffs-original-synthi-sale">the original</a> on 28 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Synth+Magazine&rft.atitle=EMS%27s+Dr+Zinovieff%27s+Original+Synthi+A+For+Sale&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.au=Jack+Hertz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsynth.me%2Fmusic-gear%2Femss-dr-zinovieffs-original-synthi-sale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spheremusic.com/Bargaindtl.asp?Item=8024">EMS Dr Zinovieff's original Synthi A (Sphere item # 8024) at VEMIA</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808040352/http://www.spheremusic.com/Bargaindtl.asp?Item=8433">"EMS Sequencer 256 (Serial Number 6004)"</a>. <i>Vintage Electronic Musical Instrument Auction (VEMIA)</i>. Sphere France sarl. 22 April 2011. Sphere item # 8433. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spheremusic.com/Bargaindtl.asp?Item=8433">the original</a> on 8 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Electronic+Musical+Instrument+Auction+%28VEMIA%29&rft.atitle=EMS+Sequencer+256+%28Serial+Number+6004%29&rft.date=2011-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spheremusic.com%2FBargaindtl.asp%3FItem%3D8433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_q=EMS&as_sitesearch=www.spheremusic.com">other EMS exhibits at VEMIA</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_Sequencer_256_(1971,_formerly_Synthi_Moog_Sequencer)]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthi100_Synthi_Sequencer_256_(1971,_formerly_Synthi_Moog_Sequencer)]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#synthi100">Synthi Sequencer 256 (1971, formerly Synthi Moog Sequencer)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlhifli_Synthi_Hi-Fli_(1973,_formerly_Sound_Freak)]-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlhifli_Synthi_Hi-Fli_(1973,_formerly_Sound_Freak)]_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#hifli">Synthi Hi-Fli (1973, formerly Sound Freak)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlspectron_Spectron_(1974,_formerly_Spectre)]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlspectron_Spectron_(1974,_formerly_Spectre)]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#spectron">Spectron (1974, formerly Spectre)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAudioVisualizers.com" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205153137/http://www.audiovisualizers.com/toolshak/vidsynth/spectre/spectre.htm">"SPECTRE Color Video Synthesizer"</a>. AudioVisualizers.com Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiovisualizers.com/toolshak/vidsynth/spectre/spectre.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2015</span>. <q><i>This page is based upon an article by David Kirk, for FOCUS magazine, although it has be [sic] heavily modified.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPECTRE+Color+Video+Synthesizer&rft.pub=AudioVisualizers.com+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiovisualizers.com%2Ftoolshak%2Fvidsynth%2Fspectre%2Fspectre.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205162546/http://www.audiovisualizers.com/toolshak/vidsynth/spectre/manual/spec_man.htm">"EMS SPECTRE - User Manual"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiovisualizers.com/toolshak/vidsynth/spectre/manual/spec_man.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMS+SPECTRE+-+User+Manual&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiovisualizers.com%2Ftoolshak%2Fvidsynth%2Fspectre%2Fmanual%2Fspec_man.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthie_Synthi_E_(1975)]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlsynthie_Synthi_E_(1975)]_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#synthie">Synthi E (1975)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc5000_Vocoder_5000_(1976,_a.k.a._Studio_Vocoder)]-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc5000_Vocoder_5000_(1976,_a.k.a._Studio_Vocoder)]_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#voc5000">Vocoder 5000 (1976, a.k.a. Studio Vocoder)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc2000_Vocoder_2000_(1977)]-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlvoc2000_Vocoder_2000_(1977)]_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#voc2000">Vocoder 2000 (1977)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlpolysynthi_PolySynthi_(1978)]-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHinton2001[httpswebarchiveorgweb20131031040324httpwwwems-synthidemoncoukemsprodshtmlpolysynthi_PolySynthi_(1978)]_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHinton2001">Hinton 2001</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031040324/http://www.ems-synthi.demon.co.uk/emsprods.html#polysynthi">PolySynthi (1978)</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor_PinchFrank_Trocco2004" class="citation book cs1">Trevor Pinch; Frank Trocco (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/analogdaysinvent00trev"><i>Analog Days</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press, 2004, 368pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01617-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01617-3"><bdi>0-674-01617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analog+Days&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%2C+2004%2C+368pp&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-674-01617-3&rft.au=Trevor+Pinch&rft.au=Frank+Trocco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanalogdaysinvent00trev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (Chapter 14 details EMS.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/nov00/articles/retrozone.htm">"All About EMS: Part 1"</a>. <i>Sound on Sound</i> (November 2000).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=All+About+EMS%3A+Part+1&rft.issue=November+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2Fnov00%2Farticles%2Fretrozone.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110908053257/http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec00/articles/retrozone.asp">"All About EMS: Part 2"</a>. <i>Sound on Sound</i> (December 2000). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec00/articles/retrozone.asp">the original</a> on 8 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=All+About+EMS%3A+Part+2&rft.issue=December+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2Fdec00%2Farticles%2Fretrozone.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Vail2000" class="citation book cs1">Mark Vail (2000). <i>Vintage Synthesizers</i> (2nd ed.). Backbeat Books, 2000, 339pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87930-603-8"><bdi>978-0-87930-603-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vintage+Synthesizers&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Backbeat+Books%2C+2000%2C+339pp&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-87930-603-8&rft.au=Mark+Vail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (Pages 110-114 British Modular Systems).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Forrest1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Peter Forrest (1998). <i>The A-Z of Analogue Synthesisers</i>. Vol. Part One A-M (revised 2nd ed.). Susurreal, Oct 1998, 320pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9524377-2-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9524377-2-4"><bdi>0-9524377-2-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A-Z+of+Analogue+Synthesisers&rft.edition=revised+2nd&rft.pub=Susurreal%2C+Oct+1998%2C+320pp&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-9524377-2-4&rft.au=Peter+Forrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span> (Pages 111-126 EMS).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronic_Music_Studios_(London)_Ltd." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd.">Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emssynthesisers.co.uk/">"Electronic Music Studios (London) Ltd"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electronic+Music+Studios+%28London%29+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emssynthesisers.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emsrehberg.de/">"EMS Rehberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EMS+Rehberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emsrehberg.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419044616/http://nitrogen.synth.net/EMS/">"info on EMS VCS3/AKS etc"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nitrogen.synth.net/EMS/">the original</a> on 19 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=info+on+EMS+VCS3%2FAKS+etc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnitrogen.synth.net%2FEMS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDr._Peter_Zinovieff" class="citation web cs1">Dr. Peter Zinovieff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/london/blog/?id=1377">"7 Deadly Synths"</a>. <i>Lecture for the Red Bull Music Academy, London 2010</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lecture+for+the+Red+Bull+Music+Academy%2C+London+2010&rft.atitle=7+Deadly+Synths&rft.au=Dr.+Peter+Zinovieff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redbullmusicacademy.com%2Flondon%2Fblog%2F%3Fid%3D1377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElectronic+Music+Studios" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/david-cockerell">David Cockerell Interview</a> NAMM Oral History Library (2008)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radiophonic_Workshop" title="Template:Radiophonic Workshop"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radiophonic_Workshop" title="Template talk:Radiophonic Workshop"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radiophonic_Workshop" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radiophonic Workshop"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Briscoe" title="Desmond Briscoe">Desmond Briscoe</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Oram" title="Daphne Oram">Daphne Oram</a></b></li> <li><b>Dick Mills</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maddalena_Fagandini" title="Maddalena Fagandini">Maddalena Fagandini</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hodgson" title="Brian Hodgson">Brian Hodgson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Delia_Derbyshire" title="Delia Derbyshire">Delia Derbyshire</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(Radiophonic_musician)" title="John Baker (Radiophonic musician)">John Baker</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Cain_(composer)" title="David Cain (composer)">David Cain</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Clarke_(composer)" title="Malcolm Clarke (composer)">Malcolm Clarke</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Kingsland" title="Paddy Kingsland">Paddy Kingsland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Yeoman-Clark" title="Richard Yeoman-Clark">Richard Yeoman-Clark</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roger_Limb" title="Roger Limb">Roger Limb</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glynis_Jones_(composer)" title="Glynis Jones (composer)">Glynis Jones</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Peter_Howell_(musician)" title="Peter Howell (musician)">Peter Howell</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Parker_(composer)" title="Elizabeth Parker (composer)">Elizabeth Parker</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Gibbs_(composer)" title="Jonathan Gibbs (composer)">Jonathan Gibbs</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ayres" title="Mark Ayres">Mark Ayres</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attree" title="Richard Attree">Richard Attree</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_discography" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop discography">Discography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Time_Beat" title="Time Beat">Time Beat</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Music" title="BBC Radiophonic Music">BBC Radiophonic Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dimension_(Radiophonic_album)" title="Fourth Dimension (Radiophonic album)">Fourth Dimension</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Radiophonic_Workshop_(1975_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Radiophonic Workshop (1975 album)">The Radiophonic Workshop</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_This_World_(Radiophonic_album)" title="Out of This World (Radiophonic album)">Out of This World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Through_a_Glass_Darkly_(album)" title="Through a Glass Darkly (album)">Through A Glass Darkly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Effects_No._19:_Doctor_Who_Sound_Effects" title="BBC Sound Effects No. 19: Doctor Who Sound Effects">BBC Sound Effects No. 19: Doctor Who Sound Effects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_%E2%80%93_21" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop – 21">BBC Radiophonic Workshop - 21</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Sound_Effects_No._26:_Sci-Fi_Sound_Effects" title="BBC Sound Effects No. 26: Sci-Fi Sound Effects">BBC Sound Effects No. 26: Sci-Fi Sound Effects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who:_The_Music" title="Doctor Who: The Music">Doctor Who: The Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Soundhouse" title="The Soundhouse">The Soundhouse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Living_Planet:_Music_from_the_BBC_TV_Series" title="The Living Planet: Music from the BBC TV Series">The Living Planet: Music from the BBC TV Series</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who:_The_Music_II" title="Doctor Who: The Music II">Doctor Who: The Music II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who:_30_Years_at_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="Doctor Who: 30 Years at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop">Doctor Who: 30 Years at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></i></li> <li><i>Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_at_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_Volume_1:_The_Early_Years_1963%E2%80%931969" title="Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 1: The Early Years 1963–1969">Volume 1: The Early Years 1963–1969</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_at_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_Volume_2:_New_Beginnings_1970%E2%80%931980" title="Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 2: New Beginnings 1970–1980">Volume 2: New Beginnings 1970–1980</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_at_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_Volume_3:_The_Leisure_Hive" title="Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 3: The Leisure Hive">Volume 3: The Leisure Hive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_at_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_Volume_4:_Meglos_%26_Full_Circle" title="Doctor Who at the BBC Radiophonic Workshop Volume 4: Meglos & Full Circle">Volume 4: Meglos & Full Circle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_from_the_BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop" title="Music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop">Music from the BBC Radiophonic Workshop</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_John_Baker_Tapes#Volume_1:_BBC_Radiophonics" title="The John Baker Tapes">The John Baker Tapes – Volume 1: BBC Radiophonics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radiophonic_Workshop_%E2%80%93_A_Retrospective" title="BBC Radiophonic Workshop – A Retrospective">BBC Radiophonic Workshop – A Retrospective</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radiophonic_Workshop_(2014_album)" title="Radiophonic Workshop (2014 album)">Radiophonic Workshop</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vendetta_Tapes" title="The Vendetta Tapes">The Vendetta Tapes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burials_in_Several_Earths" title="Burials in Several Earths">Burials in Several Earths</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inventions_for_Radio" title="Inventions for Radio">Inventions for Radio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Noise_(band)" title="White Noise (band)">White Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Simpson" title="Dudley Simpson">Dudley Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale_Studios" title="Maida Vale Studios">Maida Vale Studios</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sound_Effects_No._13_%E2%80%93_Death_%26_Horror" title="Sound Effects No. 13 – Death & Horror">Sound Effects No. 13 – Death & Horror</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Doctor_Who" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Doctor Who</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who_theme_music" title="Doctor Who theme music">Theme music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Doctor_Who_audio_releases" title="List of Doctor Who audio releases">Audio releases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Doctor_Who_music_releases" title="List of Doctor Who music releases">Soundtracks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&oldid=1172004380">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&oldid=1172004380</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Synthesizer_manufacturing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Synthesizer manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom">Synthesizer manufacturing companies of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Cornwall" title="Category:Companies based in Cornwall">Companies based in Cornwall</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:EMS_synthesizers" title="Category:EMS synthesizers">EMS synthesizers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_sequencers" title="Category:Music sequencers">Music sequencers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_instrument_manufacturing_companies_based_in_London" title="Category:Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in London">Musical instrument manufacturing companies based in London</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 August 2023, at 10:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Electronic_Music_Studios&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-wvztt","wgBackendResponseTime":142,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.556","walltime":"0.716","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3032,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":69608,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6246,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":100980,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 623.931 1 -total"," 27.18% 169.615 15 Template:Cite_web"," 15.21% 94.898 1 Template:Radiophonic_Workshop"," 15.08% 94.100 2 Template:Navbox_musical_artist"," 10.96% 68.412 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.30% 64.272 13 Template:Sfn"," 6.96% 43.428 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.51% 40.639 1 Template:Commons_category"," 6.18% 38.582 1 Template:Sister_project"," 5.82% 36.333 1 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.368","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7750210,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAudioVisualizers.com\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockerell2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDr._Peter_Zinovieff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrogono1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinton2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinton2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJack_Hertz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Vail2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusicaInformatica2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Forrest1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrevor_PinchFrank_Trocco2004\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 15,\n [\"Clear left\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Radiophonic Workshop\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 13,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Smaller\"] = 1,\n [\"Unordered list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7b85cf7f5-lt4f7","timestamp":"20241125175749","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Electronic Music Studios","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_Music_Studios","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1326103","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1326103","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-26T22:22:11Z","dateModified":"2023-08-24T10:58:56Z","headline":"British synthesizer company"}</script> </body> </html>