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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Герцыкскае княства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герцыкскае княства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Герцыке – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Герцыке" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersika" title="Jersika – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jersika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersika_(K%C3%B6nigreich)" title="Jersika (Königreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jersika (Königreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersika_v%C3%BCrstiriik" title="Jersika vürstiriik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jersika vürstiriik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_Jersika" title="Principauté de Jersika – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Principauté de Jersika" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princolando_di_Jersika" title="Princolando di Jersika – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Princolando di Jersika" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principato_di_Jersika" title="Principato di Jersika – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principato di Jersika" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersika" title="Gersika – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Gersika" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersika_(valsts)" title="Jersika (valsts) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jersika (valsts)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersika" title="Jersika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jersika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorstendom_Jersika" title="Vorstendom Jersika – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vorstendom Jersika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B1%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="ゲルツィケ公国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルツィケ公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Герсикское княжество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герсикское княжество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кнежевина Јерсика – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Principality of Jersika</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">terra Lettia</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br /><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Лотыголa</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1041/1190–1239</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jersika.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Principality of Jersika in the 12th–13th centuries"><img alt="Principality of Jersika in the 12th–13th centuries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jersika.jpg/250px-Jersika.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jersika.jpg/375px-Jersika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jersika.jpg/500px-Jersika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="335" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Principality of Jersika in the 12th–13th centuries</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jersika" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersika">Jersika</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latgalian_language" title="Latgalian language">Latgalian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Prince" title="Prince">Prince</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 13th century </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Visvaldis" title="Visvaldis">Visvaldis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1041/1190</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Disestablished </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1239</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg/20px-Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg/30px-Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg/40px-Iziaslav_of_Polock_Seal_avers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="423" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Polotsk" title="Principality of Polotsk">Principality of Polotsk</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Riga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Riga">Bishopric of Riga</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rigasiebmacher_new.png/20px-Rigasiebmacher_new.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rigasiebmacher_new.png/30px-Rigasiebmacher_new.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rigasiebmacher_new.png/40px-Rigasiebmacher_new.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="772" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg/20px-Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg/30px-Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg/40px-Baltic_coat_of_arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Latvia" title="Category:History of Latvia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">History of <span class="fn org label">Latvia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="620" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ancient Latvia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunda_culture" title="Kunda culture">Kunda culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narva_culture" title="Narva culture">Narva culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Road" title="Amber Road">Amber Road</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aesti" title="Aesti">Aesti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Finns" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Finns">Baltic Finns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Livonian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian people">Livonians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vends" class="mw-redirect" title="Vends">Vends</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Balts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latgalians" title="Latgalians">Latgalians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonians" title="Curonians">Curonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selonians" title="Selonians">Selonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semigallians" title="Semigallians">Semigallians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Principality of Jersika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Koknese" title="Principality of Koknese">Principality of Koknese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81lava" title="Tālava">Tālava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Riga" title="Archbishopric of Riga">Archbishopric of Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Courland" title="Bishopric of Courland">Bishopric of Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Terra Mariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early modern period</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Livonia" title="Kingdom of Livonia">Kingdom of Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Duchy of Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflanty_Voivodeship" title="Inflanty Voivodeship">Inflanty Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Livonia" title="Swedish Livonia">Swedish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Polish–Swedish Wars <small>(1600–1629)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Duchy of Courland and Semigallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couronian_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Couronian colonization">Couronian colonization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">National Awakening</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Governorate of Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Governorate" title="Courland Governorate">Courland Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitebsk_Governorate" title="Vitebsk Governorate">Vitebsk Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Latvian_National_Awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="The First Latvian National Awakening">The First Latvian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Current" title="New Current">New Current</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Modern Latvia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Riflemen" title="Latvian Riflemen">Latvian Riflemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic" title="Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic">Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Latvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1934 Latvian coup d'état">1934 Latvian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">1940 Soviet occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Latvia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany">Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Latvia" title="The Holocaust in Latvia">The Holocaust in Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">1944 Soviet re-occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic">Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">Restoration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Latvian_financial_crisis" title="2008 Latvian financial crisis">2008 Latvian financial crisis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Latvian_history" title="Timeline of Latvian history"><b>Chronology</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latvia" title="Portal:Latvia">Latvia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Latvia" title="Template:History of Latvia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Latvia" title="Template talk:History of Latvia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Latvia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Latvia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Principality of Jersika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Gerzika, terra Lettia</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Gerzika, Zargrad</i>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Герсикское княжество, Ерсикское княжество</span>) was a medieval <a href="/wiki/Latgalians" title="Latgalians">Latgalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Principality" title="Principality">principality</a> in the east of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, and one of the largest medieval states in Latvia before the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern Crusades</a>. The capital of Jersika was located on a <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill fort</a> 165 kilometres (103 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>. In documents written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> from the 13th century, the Principality′s western part is called <b>Lettia</b>, and the eastern part in <a href="/wiki/Old_East_Slavic" title="Old East Slavic">Old East Slavic</a> called <b>Lotigola</b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Jersika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jersika's occupied territory includes a large territory of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Latgale" title="Latgale">Latgale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vidzeme" title="Vidzeme">Vidzeme</a>. In the North bordering <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81lava" title="Tālava">Tālava</a> and Atzele, in the east bordering <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Polotsk" title="Principality of Polotsk">Polotsk</a>, then in the south bordering <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and Selonia and finally in the west bordeing <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Koknese" title="Principality of Koknese">Koknese</a> and Livonian Daugava. According to Arveds Švābe the Principality consisted of five territories which in 1209 lost two called ″Autine″ and ″Cesvaine″ but kept three territories from Lotigola.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_city">Capital city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Jersika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Capital city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The principality's capital city was located on a <a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hill fort</a> in <a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABv%C4%81ni_Municipality" title="Līvāni Municipality">Līvāni Municipality</a>, on the right bank of the Daugava between two small rivers with deep ravines. The hill fort now is 18 m high on the side of the Daugava bank, but on the northern side it is fortified with a 2 m high embankment, counting from the 100 m long and 75 m wide area and on the left bank is the Dignāja mound.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Jersika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg/180px-Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg/270px-Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg/360px-Principality-of-jersika-12b2d0c7-a69e-4775-8648-6778f70eddd-resize-750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Visvaldis" title="Visvaldis">Visvaldis</a>, the prince of the Principality of Jersika</figcaption></figure> <p>It has been suggested that the Principality of Jersika had emerged in 1041 when the Norwegian king Eymund according to the <a href="/wiki/Eymundar_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr_hrings" title="Eymundar þáttr hrings">Eymundar þáttr hrings</a>, became the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Polotsk" title="Principality of Polotsk">Principality of Polotsk</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and expanded its influence in the Daugava basin. But the existence of the Principality in the 12th century as an old <a href="/wiki/Route_from_the_Varangians_to_the_Greeks" title="Route from the Varangians to the Greeks">trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks</a> is more certain.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Chronicle_of_Henry" title="Livonian Chronicle of Henry">Livonian Chronicle of Henry</a>, the Principality and its ruler <a href="/wiki/Visvaldis" title="Visvaldis">Visvaldis</a> are first mentioned in 1203 with connection with his and the Lithuanians raid under the newly founded city of <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1209, <a href="/wiki/Visvaldis" title="Visvaldis">Visvaldis</a>, the prince of Jersika, was defeated by the bishop <a href="/wiki/Albert_of_Riga" title="Albert of Riga">Albert of Riga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a>, and his Lithuanian wife was taken as a prisoner. He was forced to submit his kingdom to Albert as a grant to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Riga" title="Archbishopric of Riga">Bishopric of Riga</a> and received back only a portion of it as a <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a>. He lost the lands of Autīne and Cesvaine, but retained Jersika, Mākoņkalns and Naujiene. Visvaldis' feudal charter is the oldest such document surviving in Latvia, and in this charter, Visvaldis is called "the king of Jersika" (<i>Vissewalde, rex de Gercike</i>; in another document also <i>Wiscewolodus rex de Berzika</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1211, the part of Jersika controlled by Albert which was known as "Lettia" (<i>terra, quae Lettia dicitur</i>) was divided between the bishopric of Riga and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1212, Polotsk gave up its tributary rights over Jersika in favor of Bishop Albert. In 1214, Germans attacked the Castle of Jersika and sacked it. The Baltic German <a href="/wiki/Uexk%C3%BCll" title="Uexküll">Uexküll</a> family claimed that Conrad Uexküll had married the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Visvaldis" title="Visvaldis">Visvaldis</a>. </p><p>After the death of Visvaldis in 1239, his fief passed to the <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a>, but this was repeatedly contested by the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a>, who periodically sought to conquer the territory. Russian chronicles from Novgorod and <a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a> often applied the name <i>Lotygola</i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Лотыгола</span>) to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_First_Chronicle" title="Novgorod First Chronicle">Novgorod First Chronicle</a></i> mentions that, following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_on_the_Ice" title="Battle on the Ice">Battle on the Ice</a> in 1242, the Germans left the previously conquered territories of <a href="/wiki/Votians" title="Votians">Vod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luga,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Luga, Leningrad Oblast">Luga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a> and <i>Lotygola</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latgale" title="Latgale">Latgale</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Jersika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224065031/https://norse.ulver.com/src/konung/eymund/ru2.html">"Wayback Machine"</a>. 2024-02-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norse.ulver.com/src/konung/eymund/ru2.html">the original</a> on 2024-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wayback+Machine&rft.date=2024-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorse.ulver.com%2Fsrc%2Fkonung%2Feymund%2Fru2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Jersika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HLK, page 43, comment 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">HLK, VII 5, page 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023112/0231128886.HTM">The "Chronicle of Henry of Livonia" translated and edited by James A. Brundage, Columbia University, 1961; revised 2003; 288 pages</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-12888-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-12888-6">0-231-12888-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Švābe, A. (1936) "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/J/je/jersika/raksti/shavabe.002.htm#re001">Jersikas karaļvalsts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927075347/http://www.historia.lv/alfabets/J/je/jersika/raksti/shavabe.002.htm">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Senatne un Māksla</i>, 1936:1, pp. 5–31. (In Latvian, original documents in Latin included)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasmer" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vasmer, Max. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vasmer.slovaronline.com/7083-LOTYIGOLA"><i>Этимологический словарь русского языка</i></a> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.aulast=Vasmer&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvasmer.slovaronline.com%2F7083-LOTYIGOLA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Jersika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnatoly1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anatoly, Kirpichnikov (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H5EuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Александр Невский и история России: материалы научно-практической конференции, 26-28 сентября 1995 года</i></a> (in Russian). Новгородский гос. объединенный музей-заповедник. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%3A+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+26-28+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F+1995+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81.+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Anatoly&rft.aufirst=Kirpichnikov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH5EuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Jersika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Principality_of_Jersika&params=56_16_33.26_N_26_12_7.18_E_scale:3125_region:LV"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°16′33.26″N</span> <span class="longitude">26°12′7.18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.2759056°N 26.2019944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.2759056; 26.2019944</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hourglass_drawing.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hourglass icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/23px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/35px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hourglass_drawing.svg/46px-Hourglass_drawing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="708" /></a></span></span></span>  </td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/History_of_Latvia" title="History of Latvia">Latvian history</a>–related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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