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if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(118875, 13, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(118875, 13,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(118875, 13, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(58279, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(58279); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(58279, 7, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(58279, 7,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(58279, 7, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(191940, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(191940); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(191940, 13, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(191940, 13,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(191940, 13, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(83486, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(83486); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(83486, 17, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(83486, 17,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(83486, 17, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(61894, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(61894); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61894, 24, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61894, 24,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61894, 24, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(88696, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(88696); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(88696, 26, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(88696, 26,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(88696, 26, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(98348, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(98348); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(98348, 13, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(98348, 13,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(98348, 13, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(47155, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(47155); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(47155, 26, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(47155, 26,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(47155, 26, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(162272, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(162272); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(162272, 13, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(162272, 13,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(162272, 13, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(39494, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(39494); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 24, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 24,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 24, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(61656, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(61656); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61656, 13, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61656, 13,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(61656, 13, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(39494, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(39494); if(per_loop==1){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 22, '#resultnew'); }if(per_loop==2){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 22,'#resultnew_secondary'); }if(per_loop==3){ vmsnewTargetpopup(39494, 22, '#resultnew_third'); } per_loop++; } } }); permutive.segment(92120, function(result){ if(per_loop<4){ if (result) { console.log(result); //console.log(92120); 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