Patents - Railway Technology

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <script async src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <style> .login-button a { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .login-button.logout-button i { font-size: 25px; margin-left: 0.6em; } .login-button.logout-button{ background: none !important; text-indent: 0 !important; } </style> <script> </script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;1,400;1,600&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel='preload' id='fonts' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/scss/fonts.css' media='all' as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1385880850",accountID:"3318845",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwUGWV5XDRABVlRSBAgPU1EE",licenseKey:"NRJS-7b82eb47d05ddffd6c6",applicationID:"1250398555"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=1"> <meta name="pocket-site-verification" content="" /> <script> (function (html) { html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/, 'js'); })(document.documentElement); </script> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/xmlrpc.php"> <link rel="icon" href=""> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-300x300.png" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="70c3e621-0d27-4b82-9696-0c125003ab50" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <title>Patents - Railway Technology</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Patents Archives" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Railway Technology" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/","url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/","name":"Patents - Railway Technology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/10/AI.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/10/AI.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/10/AI.jpg","width":1440,"height":720,"caption":"The three technologies to have \"shaken up\" the travel industry include AI, the cloud and cybersecurity. Credit: NicoElNino/ Shutterstock."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.railway-technology.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Dashboards","item":"https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Patents"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#website","url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/","name":"Railway Technology","description":"The leading site for news and procurement in the railway industry","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.railway-technology.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#organization","name":"Railway Technology","url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/Railway-Technology.png","contentUrl":"https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/Railway-Technology.png","width":669,"height":47,"caption":"Railway Technology"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.railway-technology.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/GlobalDataplc/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/globaldataplc/"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.railway-technology.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.permutive.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.plyr.io' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Railway Technology » Feed" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Railway Technology » Comments Feed" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Railway Technology » Patents Category Feed" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/feed/" /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--thb-accent: #f74a2e;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gd-banner-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/all-newsletters/assets/css/gd-banners.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gd-opensearch-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/gd-opensearch/public/css/gd-opensearch-public.css?ver=1732679076' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='main_NS-css-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/storefronts-gd/assets/css/main_NS.css?ver=1.7.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='Swiper-css-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/storefronts-gd/assets/vendor/swiper/swiper.css?ver=6.8.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-lora-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lora%3Aital%2Cwght%400%2C400%3B0%2C500%3B0%2C600%3B0%2C700%3B1%2C400%3B1%2C500%3B1%2C600%3B1%2C700&display=swap&ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='Swiper-css' href='https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gdm-b2b-main-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/scss/main.css?ver=2.35' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='thb-fa-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/style.css?ver=4.6.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/css/default.min.css?ver=1.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="crb-google-tagmanager-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var crbTracker = {"googleTagManager":{"id":"GTM-58SPZLQ"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/verdict-tracking//js/googleTagManager.js?ver=1732657302" id="crb-google-tagmanager-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async src="https://cdn.permutive.com/e82dc6a7-79a5-49b7-b1ed-a89a37f2fe8b-web.js?ver=6.6.2" id="crb-permutive-cdn-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="crb-permutive-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var crbTracker = {"permutive":{"workspaceID":"e82dc6a7-79a5-49b7-b1ed-a89a37f2fe8b","publicAPIKey":"62905692-4299-42af-951f-aa610546b2b1","postTitle":"GlobalData analysts explain how tech has \u201cshaken up\u201d travel and tourism sector","postID":108883,"postType":"post","postDate":"October 24, 2023","postAuthor":"Cat Vitale","postTags":false,"postCategories":"Industry News, News, Patents, Tourism","collectDomains":"https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/verdict-tracking\/\/js\/pollsInFrame.js","pageViewEvent":[]}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/verdict-tracking//js/permutive.js?ver=1732657302" id="crb-permutive-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/gd-opensearch/public/js/gd-opensearch-public.js?ver=1732679076" id="gd-opensearch-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/foundation.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="foundation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="loadmore_posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var loadmore_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"category_name\":\"patents\",\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":0,\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":0,\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":1725,\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"has_password\":false,\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"post_type\":\"\",\"posts_per_page\":10,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}","current_page":"2","max_page":"3"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/loadmoreposts.js?ver=6.6.2" id="loadmore_posts-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/1725" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /> <style id="Sgpollscstyle">iframe[src^="https://www.surveygizmo.eu"]{display:block!important;height:auto!important;}</style><script src="https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-WTP994P"></script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Patents","url":"http:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/patents\/","Categories":"Industry News,News,Patents,Tourism","keywords":["Artificial Intelligence","Cybersecurity","Technology"]} </script>  <link rel="icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/11/cropped-railwayfavicon-300x300.png" />  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', '', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> piAId = '376012'; piCId = '71929'; piHostname = 'pi.pardot.com'; (function() { function async_load(){ var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://pi' : 'http://cdn') + '.pardot.com/pd.js'; var c = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; c.parentNode.insertBefore(s, c); } if(window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', async_load); } else { window.addEventListener('load', async_load, false); } })(); </script>    <script> /* window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-3619893-46'); */ </script> </head> <body id="site-body" class="thb-boxed-off thb_ads_header_mobile_on thb-lightbox-on thb-capitalize-off thb-dark-mode-off thb-header-style1 thb-title-underline-hover" > <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/classie/1.0.1/classie.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/magnific-popup.js/1.1.0/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/magnific-popup.js/1.1.0/magnific-popup.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery.slick/1.6.0/slick.css"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/jquery.slick/1.6.0/slick.min.js"></script>    <header class="site-header" id="top"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/RT.png" alt="RT"> </a> </div> <div class="initials"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com">RT</a></div> <div class="menu-button">Menu</div> <div class="search-button">Search</div> <form id="searchForm" action="https://www.railway-technology.com/s" class="search-form laptop-search" method="get" role="search"> <input id="searchInput" type="text" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search" class="search-box" /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit"> <div id="messageBox" style="color: red; margin-top: 5px;"></div> </form>  <script> document.getElementById('searchForm').addEventListener('submit', function(e) { var input = document.getElementById('searchInput'); var messageBox = document.getElementById('messageBox'); var sanitizedInput = input.value.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9\s.']/g, ''); if (sanitizedInput !== input.value) { e.preventDefault(); // Prevent form submission input.value = sanitizedInput; // Update the input with sanitized value messageBox.textContent = 'Special characters have been removed from your search query.'; // Optionally, clear the message after a few seconds setTimeout(function() { messageBox.textContent = ''; }, 5000); // Clear after 5 seconds } else { messageBox.textContent = ''; // Clear any existing message } }); </script> <nav class="burger-menu"> <div class="scroll"> <form action="https://www.railway-technology.com/s" class="search-form" method="get" role="search"> <input type="text" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search" class="search-box" /> <input type="submit" class="search-submit"> </form>  <section class="nav-block sections"> <h2>Sections</h2> <div class="menu-burger-menu-container"><ul id="menu-burger-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-99745" class="menu-itemmenu-item-99745"><a title="Home" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-99731" class="menu-itemmenu-item-99731"><a title="News" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">News</a></li><li id="menu-item-99743" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-99743"><a title="Analysis" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/analysis/" data-toggle="dropdown" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link c-nav-hamburger-menu__link--has-children">Analysis</a><input type="checkbox" value="analysis" name="analysis"><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99732" class="menu-item menu-item-99732"><a title="Features" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Features</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99733" class="menu-item menu-item-99733"><a title="Comment & Opinion" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/comment/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Comment & Opinion</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99758" class="menu-item menu-item-99758"><a title="Projects" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/projects-a-z/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Projects</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99744" class="menu-item menu-item-99744"><a title="Data Insights" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/data-insights/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Data Insights</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99759" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-99759"><a title="Sectors" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/railway/" data-toggle="dropdown" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link c-nav-hamburger-menu__link--has-children">Sectors</a><input type="checkbox" value="analysis" name="analysis"><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99734" class="menu-item menu-item-99734"><a title="High Speed Railways" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/high-speed-railways/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">High Speed Railways</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99735" class="menu-item menu-item-99735"><a title="Passenger Rail" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/passenger-transportation/passenger-rail/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Passenger Rail</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99736" class="menu-item menu-item-99736"><a title="Rail Infrastructure" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/transport-infrastructure/rail-infrastructure/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Rail Infrastructure</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99737" class="menu-item menu-item-99737"><a title="Operations" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/operations/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Operations</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99738" class="menu-item menu-item-99738"><a title="Rolling Stock" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/rolling-stock/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Rolling Stock</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99739" class="menu-item menu-item-99739"><a title="Trams & Metros" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/passenger-transportation/passenger-rail/trams-metros/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Trams & Metros</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99746" class="menu-item menu-item-99746"><a title="Technology" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Technology</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99760" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-99760"><a title="Themes" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/" data-toggle="dropdown" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link c-nav-hamburger-menu__link--has-children">Themes</a><input type="checkbox" value="analysis" name="analysis"><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99749" class="menu-item menu-item-99749"><a title="Artificial Intelligence" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/artificial-intelligence/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Artificial Intelligence</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99756" class="menu-item menu-item-99756"><a title="Cloud" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/cloud/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Cloud</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99752" class="menu-item menu-item-99752"><a title="Corporate Governance" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/governance/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Corporate Governance</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99754" class="menu-item menu-item-99754"><a title="Cybersecurity" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/cybersecurity/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Cybersecurity</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99750" class="menu-item menu-item-99750"><a title="Environmental Sustainability" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/environment/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Environmental Sustainability</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99763" class="menu-item menu-item-99763"><a title="Internet of Things" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/internet-of-things/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Internet of Things</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99755" class="menu-item menu-item-99755"><a title="Robotics" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/robotics/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Robotics</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99751" class="menu-item menu-item-99751"><a title="Social Responsibility" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/social/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Social Responsibility</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99761" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-99761"><a title="Insights" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/insights/" data-toggle="dropdown" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link c-nav-hamburger-menu__link--has-children">Insights</a><input type="checkbox" value="analysis" name="analysis"><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99762" class="menu-item menu-item-99762"><a title="Deals" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/deals-dashboards/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Deals</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99757" class="menu-item menu-item-99757"><a title="Jobs" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/jobs/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Jobs</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99768" class="menu-item menu-item-99768"><a title="Filings" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/filings/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Filings</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99771" class="menu-item menu-item-99771"><a title="Patents" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Patents</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99747" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-99747"><a title="Companies" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link c-nav-hamburger-menu__link--has-children">Companies</a><input type="checkbox" value="analysis" name="analysis"><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99748" class="menu-item menu-item-99748"><a title="Company A-Z" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/company-a-z/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Company A-Z</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99765" class="menu-item menu-item-99765"><a title="Company Categories" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Company Categories</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99859" class="menu-item menu-item-99859"><a title="Products & Services" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/products/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Products & Services</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99856" class="menu-item menu-item-99856"><a title="Company Releases" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/pressreleases/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Company Releases</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99857" class="menu-item menu-item-99857"><a title="White Papers" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/whitepapers/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">White Papers</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99858" class="menu-item menu-item-99858"><a title="Videos" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/videos/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Videos</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99770" class="menu-item menu-item-99770"><a title="Buyer's Guide" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Buyer's Guide</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99767" class="menu-item menu-item-99767"><a title="Partner content" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sponsored/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Partner content</a><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-99861" class="menu-itemmenu-item-99861"><a title="Events" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/events/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Events</a></li><li id="menu-item-107657" class="premium-insights-menu-link menu-itemmenu-item-107657"><a title="Buy Reports" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buy-reports/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Buy Reports</a></li><li id="menu-item-99766" class="menu-itemmenu-item-99766"><a title="Excellence Awards" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/excellence-awards/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Excellence Awards</a></li><li id="menu-item-108675" class="menu-itemmenu-item-108675"><a title="Innovation Rankings" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/innovation-ranking/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Innovation Rankings</a></li><li id="menu-item-99764" class="menu-itemmenu-item-99764"><a title="Magazine" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Magazine</a></li><li id="menu-item-106825" class="menu-itemmenu-item-106825"><a title="Newsletters" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/newsletters/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Newsletters</a></li><ul></div> </section> <section class="nav-block globaldata"> <h2>GlobalData</h2> <div class="menu-globaldata-container"><ul id="menu-globaldata" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-99673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99673"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/about-us-online/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99676"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/advertise-with-us/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Advertise With Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99671"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/contact-us/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99675"><a href="https://www.verdictmediastrategies.com/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Our Marketing Solutions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99674" class="ext-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99674"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://store.globaldata.com/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">GlobalData Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99672" class="ext-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99672"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://globaldata.com/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Visit GlobalData</a></li> </ul></div> </section> </div>  </nav>  <nav class="nav-bar"> <div class="menu-header-menu-container"><ul id="menu-header-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-99699" class="menu-item menu-item-99699"><a title="News" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/"><span>News</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99705" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children has-sub menu-item-99705"><a title="Analysis" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/analysis/"><span>Analysis</span></a><div class="mega"><section class="nav-block subcats"><h2>Sections</h2><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99706" class="menu-item menu-item-99706"><a title="Features" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class=""><span>Features</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99707" class="menu-item menu-item-99707"><a title="Comment & Opinion" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/comment/" class=""><span>Comment & Opinion</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99709" class="menu-item menu-item-99709"><a title="Projects" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/projects-a-z/" class=""><span>Projects</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-105294" class="menu-item menu-item-105294"><a title="Data Insights" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/data-insights/" class=""><span>Data Insights</span></a></li></ul></section><section class="nav-block most-read"><h2>Latest</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/signalling-to-sidings-the-state-of-bim/">Signalling to sidings: the state of BIM</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/comment/why-data-management-is-key-to-rail-asset-management/">Why data management is key to rail asset management </a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/excellence-awards-2024-winners-announced/">Excellence Awards 2024 – Winners Announced!</a></li></ul></section></div></li><li id="menu-item-99710" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children has-sub menu-item-99710"><a title="Sectors" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/railway/"><span>Sectors</span></a><div class="mega"><section class="nav-block subcats"><h2>Sections</h2><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99693" class="menu-item menu-item-99693"><a title="High Speed Railways" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/high-speed-railways/" class=""><span>High Speed Railways</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99694" class="menu-item menu-item-99694"><a title="Passenger Rail" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/passenger-transportation/passenger-rail/" class=""><span>Passenger Rail</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99695" class="menu-item menu-item-99695"><a title="Rail Infrastructure" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/transport-infrastructure/rail-infrastructure/" class=""><span>Rail Infrastructure</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99696" class="menu-item menu-item-99696"><a title="Operations" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/operations/" class=""><span>Operations</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99697" class="menu-item menu-item-99697"><a title="Rolling Stock" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/rolling-stock/" class=""><span>Rolling Stock</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99698" class="menu-item menu-item-99698"><a title="Trams & Metros" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/passenger-transportation/passenger-rail/trams-metros/" class=""><span>Trams & Metros</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99711" class="menu-item menu-item-99711"><a title="Technology" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/" class=""><span>Technology</span></a></li></ul></section><section class="nav-block most-read"><h2>Latest</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/cpkc-atco-enpower-hydrogen-production/">CPKC, ATCO EnPower build hydrogen production and refuelling stations in Alberta</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/kontron-rail-infrastructure-design-europe/">Kontron wins $68m rail infrastructure design contract in Europe</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/hitachi-rail-etcs-signalling-thailand/">Hitachi Rail secures ETCS signalling contracts in Thailand</a></li></ul></section></div></li><li id="menu-item-99723" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children has-sub menu-item-99723"><a title="Themes" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/"><span>Themes</span></a><div class="mega"><section class="nav-block subcats"><h2>Sections</h2><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99715" class="menu-item menu-item-99715"><a title="Artificial Intelligence" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/artificial-intelligence/" class=""><span>Artificial Intelligence</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99719" class="menu-item menu-item-99719"><a title="Cloud" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/cloud/" class=""><span>Cloud</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99721" class="menu-item menu-item-99721"><a title="Corporate Governance" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/governance/" class=""><span>Corporate Governance</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99717" class="menu-item menu-item-99717"><a title="Cybersecurity" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/cybersecurity/" class=""><span>Cybersecurity</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99722" class="menu-item menu-item-99722"><a title="Environmental Sustainability" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/environment/" class=""><span>Environmental Sustainability</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99718" class="menu-item menu-item-99718"><a title="Internet of Things" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/internet-of-things/" class=""><span>Internet of Things</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99720" class="menu-item menu-item-99720"><a title="Robotics" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/technology/robotics/" class=""><span>Robotics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99724" class="menu-item menu-item-99724"><a title="Social Responsibility" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sector/theme/macro/esg/social/" class=""><span>Social Responsibility</span></a></li></ul></section><section class="nav-block most-read"><h2>Latest</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/cpkc-atco-enpower-hydrogen-production/">CPKC, ATCO EnPower build hydrogen production and refuelling stations in Alberta</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/rail-vision-semi-autonomous-locomotives/">Rail Vision introduces semi-autonomous capabilities for locomotives</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/industrial-networks-real-time-railcar-tracking/">Industrial Networks unveils Smart AEI Tag for real-time railcar tracking</a></li></ul></section></div></li><li id="menu-item-99725" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children has-sub menu-item-99725 current"><a title="Insights" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/insights/"><span>Insights</span></a><div class="mega"><section class="nav-block subcats"><h2>Sections</h2><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99726" class="menu-item menu-item-99726"><a title="Deals" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/deals-dashboards/" class=""><span>Deals</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99727" class="menu-item menu-item-99727"><a title="Jobs" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/jobs/" class=""><span>Jobs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99728" class="menu-item menu-item-99728"><a title="Filings" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/filings/" class=""><span>Filings</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99729" class="menu-item menu-item-99729"><a title="Patents" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class=""><span>Patents</span></a></li></ul></section><section class="nav-block most-read"><h2>Latest</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/beacon-adds-vectron-fleet-siemens-order/">Beacon adds 25 Vectrons to its fleet with Siemens order</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/keolis-amey-retains-dlr-contract-tfl/">KeolisAmey retains DLR contract with TfL until 2033</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/global-travel-and-tourism-sector-deal-activity-fell-by-12-6-yoy-in-h1-2024/">Global travel and tourism sector deal activity fell by 12.6% YoY in H1 2024</a></li></ul></section></div></li><li id="menu-item-99712" class="menu-item menu-item-has-children has-sub menu-item-99712"><a title="Companies" href="#"><span>Companies</span></a><div class="mega"><section class="nav-block subcats"><h2>Sections</h2><ul role="menu" class=" dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-99713" class="menu-item menu-item-99713"><a title="Company A-Z" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/company-a-z/" class=""><span>Company A-Z</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99714" class="menu-item menu-item-99714"><a title="Company Categories" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/contractors/" class=""><span>Company Categories</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99854" class="menu-item menu-item-99854"><a title="Products & Services" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/products/" class=""><span>Products & Services</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99851" class="menu-item menu-item-99851"><a title="Company Releases" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/pressreleases/" class=""><span>Company Releases</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99852" class="menu-item menu-item-99852"><a title="White Papers" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/whitepapers/" class=""><span>White Papers</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99853" class="menu-item menu-item-99853"><a title="Videos" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/videos/" class=""><span>Videos</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99741" class="menu-item menu-item-99741"><a title="Buyer's Guide" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/" class=""><span>Buyer's Guide</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-99742" class="menu-item menu-item-99742"><a title="Partner content" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sponsored/" class=""><span>Partner content</span></a></li></ul></section><section class="nav-block most-read"><h2>Latest</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sponsored/huaweis-top-10-construction-principles-for-intelligent-computing-centre-facilities/">Huawei’s top 10 construction principles for intelligent computing centre facilities</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sponsored/lessons-from-ten-great-crashes/">Lessons from ten great crashes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sponsored/ways-to-grow-your-personal-brand/">Ways to grow your personal brand</a></li></ul></section></div></li><li id="menu-item-99855" class="menu-item menu-item-99855"><a title="Events" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/events/"><span>Events</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-107658" class="premium-insights-menu-link menu-item menu-item-107658"><a title="Buy Reports" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buy-reports/"><span>Buy Reports</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-106953" class="menu-item menu-item-106953"><a title="Newsletters" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/newsletters/"><span>Newsletters</span></a></li><ul></div> <div class="initials"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com">RT</a></div> </nav> <nav class="sub-nav-bar"> <div class="sub-nav-inner"> <div class="breadcrumb"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/insights/">Insights</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="subcategories"> <div class="arrow-left">Left</div> <div class="arrow-right">Right</div> <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/deals-dashboards/">Deals</a></li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/jobs/">Jobs</a></li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/filings/">Filings</a></li> <li class="current"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/">Patents</a></li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/influencers-dashboards/">Social Media</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="menu-bg"></div> </header> <main class="category-page grid-container"> <header class="header-category"> <h1>Patents</h1> </header> <section class="categories"> <div class="grid-x desktop-gap"> <div class="cell large-9 full-border-desktop-version feature grid-x"> <article class="cell feature gdm-article-card feature-article grid-x"> <div class="cell large-6 article-text"> <div class="category"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/" class="c-post-content__category">News</a> </div> <h2><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/globaldata-analysts-emphasise-how-technology-shaken-up-travel-and-tourism-sector/">GlobalData analysts explain how tech has “shaken up” travel and tourism sector</a></h2> <p>In an online conference, GlobalData's thematic intelligence and travel and tourism analysts underlined the travel industry's reliance on technology. The…</p> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/caterinavitale/ > Cat Vitale</a></div> </div>  <div class="cell large-6 articlre-image"> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/globaldata-analysts-emphasise-how-technology-shaken-up-travel-and-tourism-sector/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/10/AI-1024x512.jpg" alt=""> </a> </figure> </div> </article> <div class="cell left-column large-6 articles border-right"> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/" class="c-post-content__category">News</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/china-most-powerful-region-transportation-sector/"> Patents signal: China remains most powerful region across transport sector </a> </h3> </article> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/patents-signal-a-decade-of-demand/"> <img class="mb" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2023/07/shutterstock-green-aspect.jpg" data-src="" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/" class="c-post-content__category">News</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/patents-signal-a-decade-of-demand/"> Patents signal: A decade of demand </a> </h3> </article> </div> <div class="cell large-6 articles padding-left-gap"> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/artificial-intelligence-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-rebounded-in-the-last-quarter/"> Artificial intelligence innovation among railway industry companies rebounded in the last quarter </a> </h3> </article> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-artificial-intelligence/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in artificial intelligence </a> </h3> </article> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/industrial-automation-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-three-months/"> Industrial automation innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last three months </a> </h3> </article> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/robotics-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-three-months/"> Robotics innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last three months </a> </h3> </article> <article> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/artificial-intelligence-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-three-months/"> Artificial intelligence innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last three months </a> </h3> </article> </div> <aside class="mobile-only sidebar secondary-content sidebar" role="complementary"> <div class="sidebar_inner fixed-me fix_cat_sidebar"> <div class="gdm-widget gdm-recommended-reports gdm-pi-recommended-reports gdm-orange-banner recommended-whitepapers"><h3>Go deeper with GlobalData</h3><ul> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/environmental-sustainability-in-ship-bio-fuel-propulsion-marine-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/report.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/reports/">Reports</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/environmental-sustainability-in-ship-bio-fuel-propulsion-marine-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis">Environmental sustainability in Ship: Bio-fuel propulsion marine ve...</a></h4> </div> </li> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/innovation-in-ship-gas-turbine-propelled-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/report.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/reports/">Reports</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/innovation-in-ship-gas-turbine-propelled-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis">Innovation in Ship: Gas turbine-propelled vessels</a></h4> </div> </li> <ul><div class="about-premium-insights"> <h5> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="14" viewBox="0 0 12 14" fill="none"> <path d="M3.05664 1.29896C3.14886 1.29896 3.24174 1.28141 3.33128 1.24506C3.50101 1.1755 3.63131 1.0489 3.69947 0.887834C3.76696 0.726141 3.76429 0.550034 3.69012 0.390848C3.61661 0.231662 3.48096 0.109452 3.30923 0.0455268C3.13683 -0.0177716 2.94906 -0.0152648 2.77933 0.0543008C2.42985 0.197192 2.26881 0.580116 2.42117 0.908516C2.5341 1.15294 2.78869 1.29896 3.05664 1.29896ZM9.57846 13.0925C9.42611 12.7641 9.01782 12.6131 8.66768 12.756C8.31753 12.8989 8.15649 13.2818 8.30884 13.6102C8.42244 13.854 8.67703 14 8.94432 14C9.03653 14 9.12942 13.9825 9.21896 13.9461C9.56977 13.8045 9.73081 13.4215 9.57846 13.0925ZM8.69908 11.4298L6.85079 7.44266C6.7833 7.29727 6.60288 7.23021 6.44785 7.29351L5.9233 7.50722C5.84846 7.53792 5.79033 7.59433 5.76026 7.66578C5.73019 7.73659 5.73219 7.81619 5.76427 7.88575L7.36198 11.3321C5.05662 11.9701 2.55214 10.889 1.58456 8.80076C0.795392 7.09797 1.22172 5.07806 2.64569 3.77386C2.73657 3.69051 2.7633 3.56329 2.71251 3.45361L2.46794 2.92529C2.42852 2.84068 2.34833 2.77864 2.25211 2.75921C2.15522 2.73853 2.05498 2.76485 1.98215 2.8269C0.0663648 4.44696 -0.530355 7.0259 0.498702 9.24447C1.48032 11.3615 3.69212 12.6281 6.0095 12.6281C6.80669 12.6281 7.61724 12.4783 8.39371 12.1618C8.69173 12.039 8.82939 11.7112 8.69908 11.4298ZM8.19792 1.76712C6.70512 1.21561 5.07467 1.2413 3.60726 1.83982C3.46225 1.89873 3.34999 2.00778 3.29253 2.14565C3.23439 2.28416 3.23706 2.43457 3.30054 2.57119L5.14884 6.55837C5.21633 6.70376 5.39675 6.77082 5.55177 6.70753L6.07633 6.49381C6.15117 6.46373 6.2093 6.4067 6.23937 6.33588C6.26944 6.26506 6.26744 6.18547 6.23536 6.1159L4.63765 2.66896C6.943 2.03034 9.44749 3.11205 10.4151 5.20027C11.2196 6.93565 10.804 8.90855 9.35528 10.2272C9.26373 10.3105 9.237 10.4384 9.28778 10.548L9.53235 11.0757C9.57178 11.1603 9.65197 11.2224 9.74819 11.2418C9.76957 11.2462 9.79162 11.2481 9.813 11.2481C9.88785 11.2481 9.96135 11.2224 10.0181 11.1741C11.9339 9.55407 12.53 6.97513 11.5016 4.75718C10.8641 3.38029 9.69072 2.31863 8.19792 1.76712ZM3.05664 1.29896C3.14886 1.29896 3.24174 1.28141 3.33128 1.24506C3.50101 1.1755 3.63131 1.0489 3.69947 0.887834C3.76696 0.726141 3.76429 0.550034 3.69012 0.390848C3.61661 0.231662 3.48096 0.109452 3.30923 0.0455268C3.13683 -0.0177716 2.94906 -0.0152648 2.77933 0.0543008C2.42985 0.197192 2.26881 0.580116 2.42117 0.908516C2.5341 1.15294 2.78869 1.29896 3.05664 1.29896ZM9.57846 13.0925C9.42611 12.7641 9.01782 12.6131 8.66768 12.756C8.31753 12.8989 8.15649 13.2818 8.30884 13.6102C8.42244 13.854 8.67703 14 8.94432 14C9.03653 14 9.12942 13.9825 9.21896 13.9461C9.56977 13.8045 9.73081 13.4215 9.57846 13.0925ZM8.69908 11.4298L6.85079 7.44266C6.7833 7.29727 6.60288 7.23021 6.44785 7.29351L5.9233 7.50722C5.84846 7.53792 5.79033 7.59433 5.76026 7.66578C5.73019 7.73659 5.73219 7.81619 5.76427 7.88575L7.36198 11.3321C5.05662 11.9701 2.55214 10.889 1.58456 8.80076C0.795392 7.09797 1.22172 5.07806 2.64569 3.77386C2.73657 3.69051 2.7633 3.56329 2.71251 3.45361L2.46794 2.92529C2.42852 2.84068 2.34833 2.77864 2.25211 2.75921C2.15522 2.73853 2.05498 2.76485 1.98215 2.8269C0.0663648 4.44696 -0.530355 7.0259 0.498702 9.24447C1.48032 11.3615 3.69212 12.6281 6.0095 12.6281C6.80669 12.6281 7.61724 12.4783 8.39371 12.1618C8.69173 12.039 8.82939 11.7112 8.69908 11.4298ZM8.19792 1.76712C6.70512 1.21561 5.07467 1.2413 3.60726 1.83982C3.46225 1.89873 3.34999 2.00778 3.29253 2.14565C3.23439 2.28416 3.23706 2.43457 3.30054 2.57119L5.14884 6.55837C5.21633 6.70376 5.39675 6.77082 5.55177 6.70753L6.07633 6.49381C6.15117 6.46373 6.2093 6.4067 6.23937 6.33588C6.26944 6.26506 6.26744 6.18547 6.23536 6.1159L4.63765 2.66896C6.943 2.03034 9.44749 3.11205 10.4151 5.20027C11.2196 6.93565 10.804 8.90855 9.35528 10.2272C9.26373 10.3105 9.237 10.4384 9.28778 10.548L9.53235 11.0757C9.57178 11.1603 9.65197 11.2224 9.74819 11.2418C9.76957 11.2462 9.79162 11.2481 9.813 11.2481C9.88785 11.2481 9.96135 11.2224 10.0181 11.1741C11.9339 9.55407 12.53 6.97513 11.5016 4.75718C10.8641 3.38029 9.69072 2.31863 8.19792 1.76712Z" fill="#27274C"></path> </svg> Data Insights </h5> <p> The gold standard of business intelligence. </p> <p class="find-out-more"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buy-reports/?utm_source=LGP-Article&utm_content=Find_out_more&utm_campaign=LGP_Premium-Insight-Landing-Page" target="_blank"> Find out more <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="10" viewBox="0 0 16 10" fill="none"> <path d="M1 1.48846L8.02309 8.51156L15.0462 1.48846" stroke="#FF5D2B" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </a> </p> </div>  </div><div id="buyersguide_widget-2" class="widget cf widget_buyersguide_widget title-style1"><div class="gdm-widget gdm-recommended-reports recommended-buyers-guides"><div class="widget_title"><strong><h3>Recommended Buyer’s Guides</h3></strong></div><ul> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/railway-training-and-recruitment/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/images/BuyersGuide_icon.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">Buyer's Guide</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/railway-training-and-recruitment/">Railway Training and Recruitment Companies & Solutions Providers</a></h4>  </div> </li> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/top-ranked-esg-companies-rail/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/images/BuyersGuide_icon.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">Buyer's Guide</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/top-ranked-esg-companies-rail/">Rail ESG Consultants and Sustainability Advisers for the Railway Industry</a></h4>  </div> </li> <ul><div class="view-all"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">View all</a></div></div></div><div id="digimags_widget-2" class="widget cf widget_digimags_widget title-style1"><div class="gdm-widget gdm-sidebar-article-list news gdm-latest-digital-magazine"><div class="widget_title"><strong><h3 class="wp-noreslt">Recommended Digital Magazines</h3></strong></div><ul> <li> <figure> <a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_sep24/issue_107"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/FR107_cover.jpg" alt="Rush to print Digimags"> </a> </figure> <div class="category"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">Digital Magazine</a></div> </div> <h4><a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_sep24/issue_107">Rush to print</a></h4> </li> <li> <figure> <a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_mar24/issue_106"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/FR106_cover.jpg" alt="Taking charge Digimags"> </a> </figure> <div class="category"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">Digital Magazine</a></div> </div> <h4><a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_mar24/issue_106">Taking charge</a></h4> </li> <ul><div class="view-all"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">More Digital Magazines</a></div><div class="subscribe"> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters/?subscribe=newsletter">Subscribe to our digital magazine</a></h4> </div></div></div> </div> </aside>    <div class="grid-container"> <section class="gdm-newsletter-banner__container"> <div class="gdm-newsletter-banner__wrapper-container gdm-newsletter-banner__wrapper-container--article"> <div class="gdm-newsletter-banner-info__wrapper"> <div class="gdm-newsletter-banner-logo__container"> <img src="/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/images/newsletter-new.svg" alt="Email newsletter icon"> </div> <div class="gdm-newsletter-banner-info__container"> <h3 class="gdm-newsletter-banner__heading wp-noreslt">Sign up for our daily news round-up!</h3> <h3 class="gdm-newsletter-banner__sub-heading">Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights. </h3> </div> </div> <div class="gdm-newsletter-banner__btn-container"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters/?utm_source=media-website&utm_medium=Patents&utm_content=Sign_Up_Button&utm_campaign=newsletter_Railway Technology" class="button secondary solid">Sign up</a> </div> </div> </section> </div>   <div id="load_more_posts"> <section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/machine-learning-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/08/P34iT-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/08/P34iT-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/machine-learning-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> Machine learning innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/cloud-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/Wlcs9-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/Wlcs9-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/cloud-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> Cloud innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-3/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/fdbZN-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/fdbZN-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-3/"> Internet of things innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-cybersecurity-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/06/XG274-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/06/XG274-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-cybersecurity-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry/"> How is cybersecurity innovation progressing in the railway industry? </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-supply-chain-logistics/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/IyDDP-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/07/IyDDP-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-supply-chain-logistics/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in supply chain & logistics </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-industrial-automation/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/06/ersVp-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/06/ersVp-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-industrial-automation/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in industrial automation </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-robotics-2/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/ryhqz-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/ryhqz-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-robotics-2/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in robotics </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-machine-learning/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/zP74W-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/05/zP74W-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-machine-learning/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in machine learning </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-robotics/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/fe5Rz-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/fe5Rz-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/patents/" class="c-post-content__category">Patents</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/dashboards/patents/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-robotics/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in robotics </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-2/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/73pzW-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/73pzW-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-2/"> Internet of things innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-digitalization/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/ca1vg-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/ca1vg-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-digitalization/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in digitalisation </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-supply-chain-logistics-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry-2/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/Urs67-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/04/Urs67-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-supply-chain-logistics-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry-2/"> How is supply chain & logistics innovation progressing in the railway industry? </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/industrial-automation-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-2/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/03/pbYbd-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/03/pbYbd-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/industrial-automation-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year-2/"> Industrial automation innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/02/Raillllll-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/02/Raillllll-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/internet-of-things-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> Internet of things innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-cybersecurity/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/article-2-1-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/article-2-1-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-cybersecurity/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in cybersecurity </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/datajournalism/ > Data Journalism Team</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/esg-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/data-article-picss-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/data-article-picss-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/esg-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> ESG innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-internet-of-things/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/data-article-1024x768.png" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2022/01/data-article-1024x768.png" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/railway-industry-companies-are-increasingly-innovating-in-internet-of-things/"> Railway industry companies are increasingly innovating in internet of things </a> </h3> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-supply-chain-logistics-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/train-gf555c1676_1280-1024x682.jpg" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/train-gf555c1676_1280-1024x682.jpg" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/how-is-supply-chain-logistics-innovation-progressing-in-the-railway-industry/"> How is supply chain & logistics innovation progressing in the railway industry? </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/vasundhara/ > vasundhara</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div></section><section class="article-grid article-grid-row with-images"><div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/big-data-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-rebounded-in-the-last-quarter/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/railway-g961bd4e77_1280-1024x682.jpg" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/railway-g961bd4e77_1280-1024x682.jpg" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/big-data-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-rebounded-in-the-last-quarter/"> Big data innovation among railway industry companies rebounded in the last quarter </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/vasundhara/ > vasundhara</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/revealed-emerging-railway-industry-investment-themes-to-watch-in-2022/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/09/Aleksejs-Ivanovs-from-Pixabay-800.jpg" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/09/Aleksejs-Ivanovs-from-Pixabay-800.jpg" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/revealed-emerging-railway-industry-investment-themes-to-watch-in-2022/"> Revealed: emerging railway industry investment themes to watch in 2022 </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/vasundhara/ > vasundhara</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> <div class="cell large-4"> <article> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/industrial-automation-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/train-g3005e9b18_1280-1024x680.jpg" data-src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/12/train-g3005e9b18_1280-1024x680.jpg" alt=""> </a> </figure> <div class="article-text"> <div class="category mb-small"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/" class="c-post-content__category">Features</a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/features/industrial-automation-innovation-among-railway-industry-companies-has-dropped-off-in-the-last-year/"> Industrial automation innovation among railway industry companies has dropped off in the last year </a> </h3> <div class="byline"><a href=https://www.railway-technology.com/author/vasundhara/ > vasundhara</a></div> </div>  </article> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="load-more-btn feature grid-x mb"> <a id="pagination_showmore_category_btn" href="javascript: my_category_show_more();" class="button solid primary newsletter-signup__email-button" style="display: none;" >View more</a> </div> </div> <aside class="gdm-sidebar large-3 cell desktop-only" role="complementary"> <div class="gdm-widget gdm-recommended-reports gdm-pi-recommended-reports gdm-orange-banner recommended-whitepapers"><h3>Go deeper with GlobalData</h3><ul> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/environmental-sustainability-in-ship-bio-fuel-propulsion-marine-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/report.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/reports/">Reports</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/environmental-sustainability-in-ship-bio-fuel-propulsion-marine-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis">Environmental sustainability in Ship: Bio-fuel propulsion marine ve...</a></h4> </div> </li> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/innovation-in-ship-gas-turbine-propelled-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/report.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/reports/">Reports</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/innovation-in-ship-gas-turbine-propelled-vessels-innovation-and-trend-analysis">Innovation in Ship: Gas turbine-propelled vessels</a></h4> </div> </li> <ul><div class="about-premium-insights"> <h5> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="14" viewBox="0 0 12 14" fill="none"> <path d="M3.05664 1.29896C3.14886 1.29896 3.24174 1.28141 3.33128 1.24506C3.50101 1.1755 3.63131 1.0489 3.69947 0.887834C3.76696 0.726141 3.76429 0.550034 3.69012 0.390848C3.61661 0.231662 3.48096 0.109452 3.30923 0.0455268C3.13683 -0.0177716 2.94906 -0.0152648 2.77933 0.0543008C2.42985 0.197192 2.26881 0.580116 2.42117 0.908516C2.5341 1.15294 2.78869 1.29896 3.05664 1.29896ZM9.57846 13.0925C9.42611 12.7641 9.01782 12.6131 8.66768 12.756C8.31753 12.8989 8.15649 13.2818 8.30884 13.6102C8.42244 13.854 8.67703 14 8.94432 14C9.03653 14 9.12942 13.9825 9.21896 13.9461C9.56977 13.8045 9.73081 13.4215 9.57846 13.0925ZM8.69908 11.4298L6.85079 7.44266C6.7833 7.29727 6.60288 7.23021 6.44785 7.29351L5.9233 7.50722C5.84846 7.53792 5.79033 7.59433 5.76026 7.66578C5.73019 7.73659 5.73219 7.81619 5.76427 7.88575L7.36198 11.3321C5.05662 11.9701 2.55214 10.889 1.58456 8.80076C0.795392 7.09797 1.22172 5.07806 2.64569 3.77386C2.73657 3.69051 2.7633 3.56329 2.71251 3.45361L2.46794 2.92529C2.42852 2.84068 2.34833 2.77864 2.25211 2.75921C2.15522 2.73853 2.05498 2.76485 1.98215 2.8269C0.0663648 4.44696 -0.530355 7.0259 0.498702 9.24447C1.48032 11.3615 3.69212 12.6281 6.0095 12.6281C6.80669 12.6281 7.61724 12.4783 8.39371 12.1618C8.69173 12.039 8.82939 11.7112 8.69908 11.4298ZM8.19792 1.76712C6.70512 1.21561 5.07467 1.2413 3.60726 1.83982C3.46225 1.89873 3.34999 2.00778 3.29253 2.14565C3.23439 2.28416 3.23706 2.43457 3.30054 2.57119L5.14884 6.55837C5.21633 6.70376 5.39675 6.77082 5.55177 6.70753L6.07633 6.49381C6.15117 6.46373 6.2093 6.4067 6.23937 6.33588C6.26944 6.26506 6.26744 6.18547 6.23536 6.1159L4.63765 2.66896C6.943 2.03034 9.44749 3.11205 10.4151 5.20027C11.2196 6.93565 10.804 8.90855 9.35528 10.2272C9.26373 10.3105 9.237 10.4384 9.28778 10.548L9.53235 11.0757C9.57178 11.1603 9.65197 11.2224 9.74819 11.2418C9.76957 11.2462 9.79162 11.2481 9.813 11.2481C9.88785 11.2481 9.96135 11.2224 10.0181 11.1741C11.9339 9.55407 12.53 6.97513 11.5016 4.75718C10.8641 3.38029 9.69072 2.31863 8.19792 1.76712ZM3.05664 1.29896C3.14886 1.29896 3.24174 1.28141 3.33128 1.24506C3.50101 1.1755 3.63131 1.0489 3.69947 0.887834C3.76696 0.726141 3.76429 0.550034 3.69012 0.390848C3.61661 0.231662 3.48096 0.109452 3.30923 0.0455268C3.13683 -0.0177716 2.94906 -0.0152648 2.77933 0.0543008C2.42985 0.197192 2.26881 0.580116 2.42117 0.908516C2.5341 1.15294 2.78869 1.29896 3.05664 1.29896ZM9.57846 13.0925C9.42611 12.7641 9.01782 12.6131 8.66768 12.756C8.31753 12.8989 8.15649 13.2818 8.30884 13.6102C8.42244 13.854 8.67703 14 8.94432 14C9.03653 14 9.12942 13.9825 9.21896 13.9461C9.56977 13.8045 9.73081 13.4215 9.57846 13.0925ZM8.69908 11.4298L6.85079 7.44266C6.7833 7.29727 6.60288 7.23021 6.44785 7.29351L5.9233 7.50722C5.84846 7.53792 5.79033 7.59433 5.76026 7.66578C5.73019 7.73659 5.73219 7.81619 5.76427 7.88575L7.36198 11.3321C5.05662 11.9701 2.55214 10.889 1.58456 8.80076C0.795392 7.09797 1.22172 5.07806 2.64569 3.77386C2.73657 3.69051 2.7633 3.56329 2.71251 3.45361L2.46794 2.92529C2.42852 2.84068 2.34833 2.77864 2.25211 2.75921C2.15522 2.73853 2.05498 2.76485 1.98215 2.8269C0.0663648 4.44696 -0.530355 7.0259 0.498702 9.24447C1.48032 11.3615 3.69212 12.6281 6.0095 12.6281C6.80669 12.6281 7.61724 12.4783 8.39371 12.1618C8.69173 12.039 8.82939 11.7112 8.69908 11.4298ZM8.19792 1.76712C6.70512 1.21561 5.07467 1.2413 3.60726 1.83982C3.46225 1.89873 3.34999 2.00778 3.29253 2.14565C3.23439 2.28416 3.23706 2.43457 3.30054 2.57119L5.14884 6.55837C5.21633 6.70376 5.39675 6.77082 5.55177 6.70753L6.07633 6.49381C6.15117 6.46373 6.2093 6.4067 6.23937 6.33588C6.26944 6.26506 6.26744 6.18547 6.23536 6.1159L4.63765 2.66896C6.943 2.03034 9.44749 3.11205 10.4151 5.20027C11.2196 6.93565 10.804 8.90855 9.35528 10.2272C9.26373 10.3105 9.237 10.4384 9.28778 10.548L9.53235 11.0757C9.57178 11.1603 9.65197 11.2224 9.74819 11.2418C9.76957 11.2462 9.79162 11.2481 9.813 11.2481C9.88785 11.2481 9.96135 11.2224 10.0181 11.1741C11.9339 9.55407 12.53 6.97513 11.5016 4.75718C10.8641 3.38029 9.69072 2.31863 8.19792 1.76712Z" fill="#27274C"></path> </svg> Data Insights </h5> <p> The gold standard of business intelligence. </p> <p class="find-out-more"> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buy-reports/?utm_source=LGP-Article&utm_content=Find_out_more&utm_campaign=LGP_Premium-Insight-Landing-Page" target="_blank"> Find out more <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="10" viewBox="0 0 16 10" fill="none"> <path d="M1 1.48846L8.02309 8.51156L15.0462 1.48846" stroke="#FF5D2B" stroke-linecap="round"></path> </svg> </a> </p> </div>  </div><div id="buyersguide_widget-2" class="widget cf widget_buyersguide_widget title-style1"><div class="gdm-widget gdm-recommended-reports recommended-buyers-guides"><div class="widget_title"><strong><h3>Recommended Buyer’s Guides</h3></strong></div><ul> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/railway-training-and-recruitment/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/images/BuyersGuide_icon.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">Buyer's Guide</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/railway-training-and-recruitment/">Railway Training and Recruitment Companies & Solutions Providers</a></h4>  </div> </li> <li class="grid-x"> <div class="cell small-2"> <figure> <a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/top-ranked-esg-companies-rail/"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/images/BuyersGuide_icon.png" alt="Mining Technology Whitepaper"> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="cell small-10 details"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">Buyer's Guide</a></div> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/top-ranked-esg-companies-rail/">Rail ESG Consultants and Sustainability Advisers for the Railway Industry</a></h4>  </div> </li> <ul><div class="view-all"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/buyers-guide/">View all</a></div></div></div><div id="digimags_widget-2" class="widget cf widget_digimags_widget title-style1"><div class="gdm-widget gdm-sidebar-article-list news gdm-latest-digital-magazine"><div class="widget_title"><strong><h3 class="wp-noreslt">Recommended Digital Magazines</h3></strong></div><ul> <li> <figure> <a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_sep24/issue_107"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/09/FR107_cover.jpg" alt="Rush to print Digimags"> </a> </figure> <div class="category"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">Digital Magazine</a></div> </div> <h4><a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_sep24/issue_107">Rush to print</a></h4> </li> <li> <figure> <a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_mar24/issue_106"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2024/03/FR106_cover.jpg" alt="Taking charge Digimags"> </a> </figure> <div class="category"> <div class="category"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">Digital Magazine</a></div> </div> <h4><a href="https://rail.nridigital.com/future_rail_mar24/issue_106">Taking charge</a></h4> </li> <ul><div class="view-all"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/magazine/">More Digital Magazines</a></div><div class="subscribe"> <h4><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters/?subscribe=newsletter">Subscribe to our digital magazine</a></h4> </div></div></div>   </aside> </div> </section> </main>  <div class="catfish" > <div class="banner catfish-banner"> <a href="" class="catfish-banner-a" id="catfish-banner-a"> <div class="banner-content catfish-banner-content" id="catfish-banner-content"> <div class="grid-x"> <figure class="cell small-3"> <img src="/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/images/icons/catfish-icon.svg" alt=""> </figure> <div class="cell small-9 text"> <h4 id="catfish-banner-heading">Sign up for our daily news round-up!</h4> <p class="mobile-only" id="catfish-banner-p-mobile">Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights.</p> <p class="desktop-only" id="catfish-banner-p-desktop">Give your business an edge with our leading industry insights. </p> </div> </div> <div class="close catfish-banner-close">close</div> </div> </a> </div>  <section class="block-ctf-newsletter catfish-newsletter-container"> <div class="close catfish-newsletter-container-close" id="close-trigger">close</div> <div class="grid-container"> <span class="leadsucessmsg" style="font-size:20px;color:green"></span> <span class="leaderrormsg" style="font-size:20px;color:red"></span> <div class="grid-x"> <div class="cell large-6 large-offset-3"> <div class="form-wrapper"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell large-12"> <h4>Sign up to the newsletter: In Brief</h4> </div> </div> <form id="newsletterForm_1" name="newsletterForm" class="gdm-form catfish-newsletter-form" method="post" action="" enctype="text/plain"> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell small-12 column"> <div class="form-group" style="opacity: 1;">  <input type="text" id="checkEmail" name="email" required="" placeholder="Your corporate email address *" onkeyup="checkNewslettersEmail(this.form.email);"> <small></small> <input type="hidden" id="temp_email" name="temp_email" value=""> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell large-6 column"> <div class="form-group" style="opacity: 1;"> <input type="text" id="checkFirstName" placeholder="First name *" name="firstname" required=""> <small></small> </div> </div> <div class="cell large-6 column"> <div class="form-group" style="opacity: 1;"> <input type="text" required="" placeholder="Last name *" id="checkLastName" name="lastname"> <small></small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-x grid-padding-x"> <div class="cell large-6 column"> <div class="form-group" style="opacity: 1;"> <input type="text" required="" placeholder="Company name *" id="checkCompany" name="Company"> <small></small> </div> </div> <div class="cell large-6 column"> <div class="form-group" style="opacity: 1;"> <input type="text" required="" placeholder="Job title *" id="checkJobTitle" name="jobtitle"> <small></small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="checkboxes-and-submit"> <div class="newsletter-checkboxes"> <h4 id="heading">I would also like to subscribe to:</h4> <div id="pardot_data"> <input type="hidden" name="collection[]" id="coll_1181" data-pardoturl="https://api.hsforms.com/submissions/v3/integration/secure/submit/26632421/a025b231-8110-4608-83b2-93b73dae7d06"> </div>  <input type="hidden" value="https://api.hsforms.com/submissions/v3/integration/secure/submit/26632421/a025b231-8110-4608-83b2-93b73dae7d06" id="pardot_1181" name="collpardotlink[]"> <div class="details_box Verdict_Privacy_opt_in pd-checkbox" id="newsletter_checkbox_1" > <p class="Verdict_Privacy_opt_in pd-checkbox required no-label block-checkbox"> <span class="value"> <span> <input class="checkboxinput" type="checkbox" value="https://api.hsforms.com/submissions/v3/integration/secure/submit/26632421/a025b231-8110-4608-83b2-93b73dae7d06||verdict_railway_technology_weekly__c" id="_pardot-1" name="news_form_key_name[]"> <label class="inline" for="collection"> Railway Technology In Brief </label> </span> </span> </p> <div id="error_for_375012_477245pi_375012_477245" style="display:none"></div> </div>  <div class="details_box Verdict_Privacy_opt_in pd-checkbox" id="newsletter_checkbox_0" > <p class="Verdict_Privacy_opt_in pd-checkbox required no-label block-checkbox"> <span class="value"> <span> <input class="checkboxinput" type="checkbox" value="https://api.hsforms.com/submissions/v3/integration/secure/submit/26632421/a025b231-8110-4608-83b2-93b73dae7d06||verdict_railway_technology_digital_magazine__c" id="_pardot-2" name="news_form_key_name[]"> <label class="inline" for="collection"> Future Rail : Railway Technology Focus (monthly) </label> </span> </span> </p> <div id="error_for_375012_477245pi_375012_477245" style="display:none"></div> </div>  </div>  <div class="gdpr-consent" style="display:none;"> <div class="details_box form-group"> <p class="Verdict_Privacy_opt_in pd-checkbox required no-label block-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" name="consent" id="enq-gdpr" class="consent-checkbox" value="I consent to Verdict Media Limited collecting my details provided via this form in accordance with Privacy Policy" onchange="" checked style="visibility: hidden;"> <span class="inline" for="consent"> I consent to Verdict Media Limited collecting my details provided via this form in accordance with <a href="https://www.verdict.co.uk/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </span> </p> <small></small> </div> </div>  <label for="captcha"> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LcqBjQUAAAAAOm0OoVcGhdeuwRaYeG44rfzGqtv"></div> <small id="captcha"></small> </label> <div class="submit-button-container"> <input type="hidden" name="Recaptcha_Secret_Key" id="recaptch_secret_key" value="6LcqBjQUAAAAAHJi7uKe3jwmQA26s7lO9YBI1KTr"> <div class="tempCode"> <input id="tempcode" type="hidden" name="tempcode" tabindex="-1" value="" autocomplete="off"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="Country" value="NA"> <input type="hidden" name="Industry" value="NA"> <input type="hidden" name="jobfunction" value="Administrative"> <input type="hidden" name="blogids" value="13"> <button type="button" class="button " id="formSubmitBtn" onclick="validateMyForm(this.form, this.form.email, this.form.firstname, this.form.lastname, this.form.Company, this.form.jobtitle, this.form.consent);">Subscribe</button> </div>  <span class="inline" for="consent"> Visit our <a href="https://www.verdict.co.uk/privacy-policy/" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> for more information about our services, how we may use, process and share your personal data, including information of your rights in respect of your personal data and how you can unsubscribe from future marketing communications. Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address. </span> <input type="hidden" name="Permutive_ID" value=""> <input type="hidden" class="utms" name="utm_source" value=""> <input type="hidden" class="utms" name="utm_medium" value=""> <input type="hidden" class="utms" name="utm_campaign" value=""> <input type="hidden" class="utms" name="utm_content" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_1" id="verdict___latest_news_1" value="UK supply-side confidence “deeply concerning” – RIA "> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_1_description" id="verdict___latest_news_1_description" value="Only 24% of respondents assess the industry as growing in 2024, whereas 54% think the sector will contract. "> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_1_url" id="verdict___latest_news_1_url" value="https://www.railway-technology.com/newsletters/uk-supply-side-confidence-deeply-concerning-ria/"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_2" id="verdict___latest_news_2" value="Rhenus steps up operations on Uzbekistan Railways"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_2_description" id="verdict___latest_news_2_description" value="The two companies jointly manage and hope to expand combined terminals in Andijan and Samarkand."> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_2_url" id="verdict___latest_news_2_url" value="https://www.railway-technology.com/newsletters/rhenus-steps-up-operations-on-uzbekistan-railways/"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_3" id="verdict___latest_news_3" value="Wabtec unveils battery-powered locomotive for Roy Hill"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_3_description" id="verdict___latest_news_3_description" value="The US manufacturer has specially designed the latest version of its FLXdrive locomotive to be used in the hot climate of Western Australia."> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___latest_news_3_url" id="verdict___latest_news_3_url" value="https://www.railway-technology.com/newsletters/wabtec-battery-powered-locomotive-roy-hill/"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___newsletter_read_more_news" id="verdict___news_read_more_news" value="https://www.railway-technology.com/news/ "> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_1" id="verdict___more_newsletters_1" value="Airport Technology"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_1_url" id="verdict___more_newsletters_1_url" value="https://www.airport-technology.com/all-newsletters"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_2" id="verdict___more_newsletters_2" value="Ship Technology"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_2_url" id="verdict___more_newsletters_2_url" value="https://www.ship-technology.com/all-newsletters"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_3" id="verdict___more_newsletters_3" value="Just Auto"> <input type="hidden" name="verdict___more_newsletters_3_url" id="verdict___more_newsletters_3_url" value="https://www.just-auto.com/all-newsletters"> </form> </div>  </div>  </div>  </div>  </section>  <div class="thank-you-message catfish-thank-you-message"> <h2>Thank you for subscribing</h2> <p><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters/">View all newsletters</a> from across the GlobalData Media network.</p> <div class="close catfish-thank-you-message-close">close</div> </div>  </div>  <script> if(jQuery('#newsletter_checkbox_0').css('display') == 'none' && jQuery('#newsletter_checkbox_1').length != 0) { jQuery('#heading').show(); } else if( jQuery('#newsletter_checkbox_1').length != 0 ) { jQuery('#heading').show(); } else { jQuery('#heading').hide(); } </script>   <footer id="footer" class="footer-container grid-x"> <div class="footer-wrapper grid-x"> <div class="main-footer-col medium-6"> <img src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/RailwayTechnology_footer.png" alt="RailwayTechnology" data-displayname="Railway Technology" class="footer-logo"> <p class="footer-excerpt"> The leading site for news and procurement in the railway industry</p> <div class="share"> <div class="share__list"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/railwaytechnology" target="_blank" class="share__link icon-linkedin" title=""> <img src="/code/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/icons/linkedin_icon_w.svg"> </a> <a href="https://www.twitter.com/FutureRail_Mag" target="_blank" class="share__link icon-twitter" title=""> <img src="/code/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/icons/twitter_icon_w.svg"> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/globaldataplc/" target="_blank" class="share__link icon-facebook" title=""> <img src="/code/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/img/icons/facebook_icon_w.svg"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-cols grid-x medium-5"> <nav class="footer-nav medium-6"> <ul class="footer-nav-list"><li id="menu-item-99700" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99700"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/about-us-online/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99703"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/advertise-with-us/">Advertise with us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-103040" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-103040"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/license-our-content/">License our content</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99691"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99692" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99692"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/editorial-standards/">Editorial approach</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-99701"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99702" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99702"><a href="https://www.verdictmediastrategies.com/">Our marketing solutions</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="copyright-col medium-6"> <ul class=""><li id="menu-item-99670" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99670"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/privacy-policy/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-99677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-99677"><a href="https://www.globaldata.com/terms-conditions/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Terms and conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-104474" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-104474"><a href="https://www.railway-technology.com/sitemap/" class="c-nav-hamburger-menu__link">Sitemap</a></li> </ul> <p class="footer-tag-line"> Powered by <a href="https://www.globaldata.com" target="_blank"><img class="c-footer__tag-line-img" src="/code/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/images/verdict-logo-w.png" alt="Pharma Tech Logo"></a> </p> <p class="footer-copyright">© Verdict Media Limited 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/custom_newsletter.js?ver=1.5'> </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/subscribe.js?ver=1.4'> </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/report.js?ver=1.0'> </script>  <script type="text/javascript" id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="//js-eu1.hs-scripts.com/26632421.js?businessUnitId=15641589"></script>   <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { let preFooter = document.createElement('div'); preFooter.className= 'pre-footer-subscribe'; preFooter.innerHTML = ` <a class="pre-footer-subscribe__all-newsletters" href="https://www.railway-technology.com/all-newsletters"> <img src='https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/images/eye.svg' alt=''> <span class="text">View all newsletters</span> <span class="icon-chevron-right"></span> </a> <div class="pre-footer-subscribe__click" onclick="showPopUp('newsletter')"> <figure class="pre-footer-subscribe__figure"> <div class="lines"></div> </figure> <span class="text"> Receive our newsletter - data, insights and analysis delivered to you <span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></span> </div> ` var cfooterExist = document.getElementsByClassName('c-footer'); if (cfooterExist.length > 0) { document.querySelector('footer.c-footer').before(preFooter); } }) </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/verdict-tracking//js/permutiveData.js?ver=1.0.5" id="crb-permutive-data-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="nsmgscampaigns-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var nsmgscampaigns = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"86b2db332b"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/nsmg-campaigns/assets/public/js/main.js?ver=2.7#defer" id="nsmgscampaigns-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=1.0" id="ha-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/swiper@8/swiper-bundle.min.js" id="Swiper-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/swiper.js?ver=5.127" id="gdm-b2b-swiper-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/sep-22-ui.js?ver=2.0.3" id="sep-22-redesign-ui-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/catfish.js?ver=1.5" id="catfish-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.plyr.io/3.6.3/plyr.polyfilled.js?ver=3.6.3" id="plyr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js?ver=1.13.4" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp/assets/js/vendor.min.js?ver=4.6.0" id="thb-vendor-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="thb-app-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var themeajax = {"url":"https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","l10n":{"loading":"Loading ...","nomore":"No More Posts"},"settings":{"viai_publisher_id":"431861828953521","thb_custom_video_player":"on"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp/assets/js/app.min.js?ver=4.6.0" id="thb-app-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/storefronts-gd/assets/js/app.js?ver=5.8.6" id="main-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/collapseToggler.js?ver=1.1.0" id="Collapse-toggler-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/collapsible.js?ver=1.7.8" id="Collapse-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/modal.js?ver=1.7.9" id="Modal-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/storefronts-gd/assets/vendor/swiper/swiper.js?ver=6.8.3" id="Swiper-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/plugins/storefronts-gd/assets/js/swiper.js?ver=5.127" id="gdm-slider-js-js"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript" data-parsely-site="railway-technology.com" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/railway-technology.com/p.js?ver=2.6.1" id="parsely-cfg"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/jquery.min.js?ver=6.6.2" id="jquery_latest-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/detect-private-browsing.js?ver=6.6.2" id="detect_browsing-js"></script> <aside id="thb-login" class="mfp-hide thb-login-form light"> <ul> <li class="lost"><a href="#" class="always">Lost Password</a> <span class="back">Back ⟶</span></li> <li><a href="#" class="active">Login</a></li> <li><a href="#">Register</a></li> </ul> <div class="thb-overflow-container"> <div class="thb-form-container"> <div class="thb-lost"> <form id="thb_lost_form" action="https://www.railway-technology.com/" method="post"> <div class="thb-errors lost-errors"></div> <div class="form-field"> <input class="form-control required " name="thb_user_or_email" id="thb_user_or_email" type="text" placeholder="Username or E-mail" /> </div> <div class="form-field"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="thb_reset_password"/> <button class="btn " type="submit">Get new password</button> </div> <input type="hidden" id="password-security" name="password-security" value="67a7134607" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/patents/" /> </form> </div> <div class="thb-login"> <form id="thb_login_form" action="https://www.railway-technology.com/" method="post"> <div class="thb-errors login-errors"></div> <div class="form-field"> <input class="form-control required " name="thb_user_login" type="text" placeholder="Username" autocomplete="off" /> </div> <div class="form-field"> <input class="form-control required " name="thb_user_pass" id="thb_user_pass" type="password" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div class="form-field"> <a href="#" class="lost_password">Lost Password?</a> </div> <div class="form-field last"> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="thb_login_member"/> <button class="btn " type="submit">Login</button> </div> <input type="hidden" id="login-security" name="login-security" value="67a7134607" /><input type="hidden" name="_wp_http_referer" value="/patents/" /> </form> </div> <div class="thb-register"> <div class="alert alert-warning">Registration is disabled.</div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="hide"> <svg class="comment_icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="13px" height="13px" viewBox="0 0 13 13" enable-background="new 0 0 13 13" xml:space="preserve"> <path id="comment_icon" d="M12.7,0H0.3C0.134,0,0,0.128,0,0.286v9.143c0,0.157,0.134,0.286,0.3,0.286h2.1v3c0,0.105,0.061,0.201,0.159,0.252 C2.603,12.988,2.651,13,2.7,13c0.058,0,0.116-0.016,0.167-0.048l3.524-3.237H12.7c0.165,0,0.3-0.129,0.3-0.286V0.286 C13,0.128,12.865,0,12.7,0z"/> </svg> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var elem = document.getElementById("framecovid"); function openFullscreen() { if (elem.requestFullscreen) { elem.requestFullscreen(); } else if (elem.mozRequestFullScreen) { /* Firefox */ elem.mozRequestFullScreen(); } else if (elem.webkitRequestFullscreen) { /* Chrome, Safari & Opera */ elem.webkitRequestFullscreen(); } else if (elem.msRequestFullscreen) { /* IE/Edge */ elem.msRequestFullscreen(); } } </script> <style> .covidspreaddata{ font-size: 16px; padding: 6px 14px; color: #18a1cd; font-weight: normal; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; } .covidspreaddata:hover{ cursor: pointer; } </style> <script> function addParam() { for (var e = ["www.railway-technology.com", "pantheonsite.io"], n = ["scalar", "pid", "sid", "utm_source", "utm_medium", "utm_content", "utm_campaign"], t = document.querySelectorAll("a"), o = 0; o < t.length; o++) for (var a = 0; a < e.length; a++) t[o].href.indexOf(e[a]) > -1 && -1 === t[o].href.indexOf("#") && window.location.href.indexOf("?") > -1 && (t[o].href = i(t[o].href)); function i(e) { e = -1 === e.indexOf("?") ? e + "?" : e + "&"; for (var t = [], o = 0; o < n.length; o++) r(n[o]) && t.push(n[o] + "=" + r(n[o])); if( e.indexOf("utm_") == -1) { var a = e + t.join("&"); } return (a = a.replace(/&$/, "")).replace(/\?$/, "") } function r(e) { if (e = new RegExp("[?&]" + encodeURIComponent(e) + "=([^&]*)").exec(window.location.search)) return decodeURIComponent(e[1]) } } jQuery( document ).ready(function() { addParam(); }); jQuery('.c-company-header__links-toggle-button, .c-company-header__form-toggle-button, .menu-item-type-custom .c-nav-featured__menu-item-link, .btn-custom, .page-template-template-aboutus-magazine .c-tabs-nav__tab').click(function(event) { // This will prevent the default action of the anchor event.preventDefault(); // Failing the above, you could use this, however the above is recommended return false; }); jQuery('.single-storefronts .c-tabs-nav__tab, .page-template-template-aboutus-online .c-tabs-nav__tab, .page-template-template-aboutus-magazine .c-tabs-nav__tab').on('click', function(){ jQuery('html,body').stop().animate({ scrollTop: jQuery( jQuery(this).attr('href') ).offset().top - jQuery('.x-navbar').height() },700 ,'swing'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery( document ).ready(function() { window._uxa = window._uxa || []; var cname1='pageType:'; var cvalue1="post- archive page"; window._uxa.push(['setCustomVariable', 1, cname1, cvalue1]); var cname2 = 'pageCategory:'; var cvalue2 ="Patents"; window._uxa.push(['setCustomVariable', 2, cname2, cvalue2]); var cname3 = 'region:'; var cvalue3 =""; window._uxa.push(['setCustomVariable', 3, cname3, cvalue3]); var cname4 = 'sector:'; var cname5='reporting:' var cvalue5 ="Buyer’s Guide"; window._uxa.push(['setCustomVariable', 5, cname5, cvalue5]); }); // we don't need this anymore // jQuery(document).ready(function(){ // jQuery('#Sgpollsputhere').css('height', jQuery(window).height()-30); // jQuery(window).resize(function(){ // jQuery('#Sgpollsputhere').css('height', jQuery(window).height()-30); // }); // }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" id="hs-script-loader" async defer src="//js-eu1.hs-scripts.com/26632421.js?businessUnitId=15641589"></script>    <script type="module" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/modules.js?ver=1.006"></script> <script type="module" src="https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-content/themes/goodlife-wp-B2B/assets/js/index.js?ver=1.2"></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?ver=1.0' id='ha-recaptcha-js'></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-7b82eb47d05ddffd6c6","applicationID":"1250398555","transactionName":"MVAAZkoFWEBSURIKWwgaI1FMDVldHFEHF1EBWhBL","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1818,"atts":"HRcDEAIfS04=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html><script> var my_report_field_offset = 1; var my_report_field_nonce = '89064136d6'; var my_report_ajax_url = 'https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; var taxonomy = 'category' ; var term_id = '1725'; var post_ids = '[108883,106149,105575,89291,94345,97313,96898,96705,96576,96275,96048,95319,95719,95055,94633,94126,93539,93364,93095,92945,92506,90723,90462,90279,90024,89417,89364,89381,89324]'; var my_report_more = true; function my_category_show_more() { jQuery.post( my_report_ajax_url, { 'action': 'my_category_show_more', 'offset': my_report_field_offset, 'nonce': my_report_field_nonce, 'taxonomy': taxonomy, 'term_id': term_id, 'post_not_ids': post_ids, }, function (json) { jQuery('#load_more_posts').append(json['content']); my_report_field_offset = json['offset']; if (!json['more']) { jQuery('#pagination_showmore_category_btn').css('display', 'none'); } }, 'json' ); } </script> <script> var my_report_field_offset = '1' ; var my_report_field_nonce = '89064136d6'; var my_report_ajax_url = 'https://www.railway-technology.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; var taxonomy = 'category' ; var termm_id = '1725' ; var slug = 'patents'; var my_report_more = true; function my_subcat_show_more() { jQuery.post( my_report_ajax_url, { 'action': 'my_subcat_show_more', 'offset': my_report_field_offset, 'nonce': my_report_field_nonce, 'taxonomy': taxonomy, 'termm_id' : termm_id, 'slug' : slug, }, function (json) { jQuery('#load_sub_posts').append(json['content']); my_report_field_offset = json['offset']; if (!json['more']) { jQuery('#pagination_showmore_subcat_btn').css('display', 'none'); } }, 'json' ); } </script> <script> var getUrlParameter = function getUrlParameter(sParam) { var sPageURL = window.location.search.substring(1), sURLVariables = sPageURL.split('&'), sParameterName, i; for (i = 0; i < sURLVariables.length; i++) { sParameterName = sURLVariables[i].split('='); if (sParameterName[0] === sParam) { return sParameterName[1] === undefined ? true : decodeURIComponent(sParameterName[1]); } } return false; }; jQuery(function(){ if(getUrlParameter("utm_campaign")){ jQuery("input[name='utm_campaign']").val(getUrlParameter("utm_campaign")); } if(getUrlParameter("utm_medium")){ jQuery("input[name='utm_medium']").val(getUrlParameter("utm_medium")); } if(getUrlParameter("utm_source")){ jQuery("input[name='utm_source']").val(getUrlParameter("utm_source")); } if(getUrlParameter("utm_content")){ jQuery("input[name='utm_content']").val(getUrlParameter("utm_content")); } }); </script>

CINXE.COM

Patents - Railway Technology