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id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Yungay" title="Batalla de Yungay – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Yungay" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Yungay" title="Bataille de Yungay – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Yungay" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Yungay" title="Pertempuran Yungay – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Yungay" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Yungay" title="Pertempuran Yungay – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Yungay" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Yungay" title="Batalha de Yungay – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Yungay" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Yungay" title="Bitwa pod Yungay – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Yungay" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B5" title="Сражение при Юнгае – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Юнгае" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Yungay" title="Slaget vid Yungay – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Yungay" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%97" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1839 battle in western Peru which ended the War of the Confederation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Yungay</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg/300px-Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg/450px-Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg/600px-Plano_de_la_Batalla_de_Yungay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7050" data-file-height="4933" /></a></span><br />Planning map for the Battle of Yungay</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>January 20, 1839</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_de_Yungay" title="Santo Domingo de Yungay">Yungay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Huaylas_(Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation)" title="Department of Huaylas (Peru–Bolivian Confederation)">Huaylas</a>, Peru</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Chilean–Peruvian restorationist victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation" title="Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation">Dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b>United Restoration:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="555" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%281825%E2%80%931884%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Peru)" title="Restoration (Peru)">Gamarra government</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation" title="Peru–Bolivian Confederation">Peru–Bolivian Confederation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chile_%281818-1912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="555" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bulnes" title="Manuel Bulnes">Manuel Bulnes</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Peru-Bolivian_Confederation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz" title="Andrés de Santa Cruz">A. de Santa Cruz</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 5,400 men</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 6,000 men</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 800 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Andina1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andina1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 3,000 killed<sup id="cite_ref-Andina1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andina1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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id="War_of_the_Confederation9624" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation"><span class="wrap">War of the Confederation</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> Blanco Encalada naval raid</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Guayaquil_and_Callao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Guayaquil and Callao (page does not exist)">Guayaquil and 1st Callao</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaciones_navales_sobre_Guayaquil_y_el_Callao" class="extiw" title="es:Operaciones navales sobre Guayaquil y el Callao">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_San_Lorenzo_island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of San Lorenzo island (page does not exist)">San Lorenzo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_de_la_Isla_San_Lorenzo" class="extiw" title="es:Combate de la Isla San Lorenzo">es</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Republic_(1837)" title="Peruvian Republic (1837)">First restoration expedition</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occupation_of_Cobija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occupation of Cobija (page does not exist)">Cobija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paucarpata" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paucarpata">Paucarpata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_the_schooner_Peruviana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of the schooner Peruviana (page does not exist)"><i>Peruviana</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_de_la_goleta_Peruviana" class="extiw" title="es:Captura de la goleta Peruviana">es</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> Confederate naval expedition</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Juan Fernández islands (page does not exist)">Juan Fernández</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toma_de_las_islas_Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez" class="extiw" title="es:Toma de las islas Juan Fernández">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Talcahuano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Talcahuano (page does not exist)">Talcahuano</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Tarija_War" title="Tarija War">Argentine Front</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Humahuaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Humahuaca (page does not exist)">Humahuaca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Santa_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Santa Bárbara (page does not exist)">Santa Bárbara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vicu%C3%B1ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Vicuñay (page does not exist)">Vicuñay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rinc%C3%B3n_de_las_Casillas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rincón de las Casillas (page does not exist)">Rincón de las Casillas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lake_Acambuco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lake Acambuco (page does not exist)">Lake Acambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Zapatera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Zapatera (page does not exist)">Zapatera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_San_Diego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of San Diego (page does not exist)">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_El_Pajonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of El Pajonal (page does not exist)">El Pajonal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Iruya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Iruya (page does not exist)">Iruya</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_de_Iruya" class="extiw" title="es:Combate de Iruya">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montenegro" title="Battle of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> Roberto Simpson naval raid</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Islay" title="Battle of Islay">Islay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_corvette_Confederaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of corvette Confederación (page does not exist)"><i>Confederación</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_de_la_corbeta_Confederaci%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Captura de la corbeta Confederación">es</a>]</span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:transparent; padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/United_Restoration_Army" title="United Restoration Army">Second restoration expedition</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blockade_of_Callao_(1838)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blockade of Callao (1838) (page does not exist)">2nd Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_corvette_Socabaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of corvette Socabaya (page does not exist)"><i>Socabaya</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_de_la_corbeta_Socabaya" class="extiw" title="es:Captura de la corbeta Socabaya">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Portada_de_Gu%C3%ADas" title="Battle of Portada de Guías">Portada de Guías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_siege_of_Callao" title="Third siege of Callao">3rd Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Matucana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Matucana (page does not exist)">Matucana</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_de_Matucana" class="extiw" title="es:Combate de Matucana">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Piura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Piura (page does not exist)">Piura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pisco (page does not exist)">Pisco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_de_Pisco" class="extiw" title="es:Combate de Pisco">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Cerro_de_la_Sierpe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cerro de la Sierpe (page does not exist)">Sierpe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_del_Cerro_de_la_Sierpe" class="extiw" title="es:Combate del Cerro de la Sierpe">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Callao_(1838)" title="Battle of Callao (1838)">4th Callao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_brig_Arequipe%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of brig Arequipeño (page does not exist)"><i>Arequipeño</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_del_bergant%C3%ADn_Arequipe%C3%B1o" class="extiw" title="es:Captura del bergantín Arequipeño">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_the_transports_of_Zaldivar_and_San_Antonio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of the transports of Zaldivar and San Antonio (page does not exist)">Samanco</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captura_de_la_fragata_Saldivar_y_el_bergant%C3%ADn_San_Antonio" class="extiw" title="es:Captura de la fragata Saldivar y el bergantín San Antonio">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ca%C3%B1ete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Cañete (page does not exist)">Cañete</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Withdrawal_from_Chiqui%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Withdrawal from Chiquián (page does not exist)">Chiquián</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Llaclla_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Llaclla Bridge (page does not exist)">Llaclla Bridge</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_del_Puente_de_Llaclla" class="extiw" title="es:Combate del Puente de Llaclla">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buin" title="Battle of Buin">Buin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casma" title="Battle of Casma">Casma</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yungay</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Yungay</b> (or <b>Yungai</b>) was the final battle of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Confederation" title="War of the Confederation">War of the Confederation</a>, fought on January 20, 1839, near <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_de_Yungay" title="Santo Domingo de Yungay">Yungay</a>, Peru. The <a href="/wiki/United_Restoration_Army" title="United Restoration Army">United Restoration Army</a>, led by Chilean General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bulnes" title="Manuel Bulnes">Manuel Bulnes</a>, consisting mainly of Chileans and 600 <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_North_Peru" title="Republic of North Peru">North Peruvian</a> dissidents, attacked the <a href="/wiki/Peru-Bolivian_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Peru-Bolivian Confederation">Peru-Bolivian Confederation</a> forces led by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz" title="Andrés de Santa Cruz">Andrés de Santa Cruz</a> in northern Peru, 200 kilometers (120 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>. </p><p>After six hours of fighting, the Restorers destroyed the Confederate Army, bringing the War of the Confederation to its end. Santa Cruz exiled himself in <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>, Ecuador. The new Peruvian government paid its debt with Chile from the liberation expedition from a decade ago, and gave awards to Chilean and Peruvian officials.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peruvian officers who served under the Confederation, including <a href="/wiki/William_Miller_(Peruvian_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Miller (Peruvian general)">Guillermo Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Necochea" title="Mariano Necochea">Mariano Necochea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Jos%C3%A9_Orbegoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis José Orbegoso">Luis José Orbegoso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Nieto" title="Domingo Nieto">Domingo Nieto</a>, were banned from the <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Army" title="Peruvian Army">Peruvian Army</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prologue">Prologue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prologue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_Yungay" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of Yungay">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22">"Battle of Yungay"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Yungay%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chile declared war on the Peru Bolivian Confederacy on 1837, and sent an expedition to Peru under Admiral <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blanco_Encalada" title="Manuel Blanco Encalada">Manuel Blanco Encalada</a>. Santa Cruz avoided an engagement, and skillfully surrounded Blanco Encalada at Paucarpata. Blanco Encalada was forced to sign a <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paucarpata" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Paucarpata">treaty</a> on November 17. By this pact, Chile agreed to resume commercial trade and the Confederation would recognize and pay the Chilean efforts in the Peruvian independence war. </p><p>The Chilean Congress and the public opinion considered the outcome of the expedition humiliating and rejected the treaty. Also, it was believed that Santa Cruz was behind the assassination of Diego Portales. All this invigorated an anti-confederacy sentiment, and the Chileans organized a second expedition. This time, the command was given to General Manuel Bulnes. The expedition had 5,400 Chileans and 600 expatriate Peruvians under General <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Gamarra" title="Agustín Gamarra">Agustin Gamarra</a>. Andres de Santa Cruz, responded immediately reinstating the hostilities. </p><p>The second Chilean campaign had far more success than the first one. Bulnes defeated General Orbegoso at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Portada_de_Gu%C3%ADas" title="Battle of Portada de Guías">Portada de Guias</a> on August 21, 1838, and entered into Lima. Also, the Chilean Fleet secured sea domination in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Casma" title="Battle of Casma">Battle of Casma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the victory, Bulnes left the city by November, and marched to Huacho in the North Peruvian territory, forced by local animosity, lack of supplies and diseases. Also, news had arrived indicating that Santa Cruz was closing in with an outnumbering army. Afterwards, Santa Cruz entered into Lima under popular ovation, then proceeded to follow Bulnes. </p><p>Both armies engaged at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buin" title="Battle of Buin">Buin</a>, on January 6, 1839, in the confluence of Buin and Santa rivers, with indecisive results. Bulnes continued marching north and Santa Cruz resumed the persecution seeking to deliver a final blow to cement Confederation's dominance in the region. </p><p>Santa Cruz occupied <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo_de_Yungay" title="Santo Domingo de Yungay">Yungay</a>, trying to cut Bulnes' supply lines and strangle the Restorers. His intention wasn't to obliterate the Restorer Army, but rather to force Bulnes to surrender to a superior Confederate force. Bulnes had other plans however, realizing that returning empty-handed was not an option after Blanco Encalada's failure. </p><p>Both armies had about 6,000 men, although the numbers favored slightly the Confederates. The Chilean expedition, on the other hand, suffered the decimation of some battalions by plagues during Lima occupation. Comparably equipped, the main difference was in the preparation of the troops, the knowledge of the terrain, and the obvious differences between invaders and defenders. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contenders">Contenders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_Yungay" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of Yungay">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_(CROPPED).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png/200px-06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png/300px-06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png/400px-06_-_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz_%28CROPPED%29.png 2x" data-file-width="4178" data-file-height="5578" /></a><figcaption>Marshall Andrés de Santa Cruz</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposing_Forces">Opposing Forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opposing Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle_for_the_Battle_of_Yungay" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of battle for the Battle of Yungay">Order of battle for the Battle of Yungay</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Confederate_Army">Confederate Army</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Confederate Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army_(Peru%E2%80%93Bolivian_Confederation)" title="Confederate Army (Peru–Bolivian Confederation)">Confederate Army</a> was made up of veterans of internal battles from both <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>. It was generally supported by the population of Peru and possessed strong supply lines thanks to the site of the battle. Its commanding officer, General <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Santa_Cruz" title="Andrés de Santa Cruz">Andrés de Santa Cruz</a>; was regarded as a resourceful tactician and a capable leader. His army had about 6,000 men divided into three divisions, adding up nine infantry battalions and two cavalry regiments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chilean_Army">Chilean Army</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chilean Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Restorer Army had the experience of Gen. Manuel Bulnes. On the other hand, it was not popular with the locals and was hampered due to disease, bad morale, and some less experienced units. This army of 5,400 soldiers was conformed by nine infantry battalions and three cavalry regiments grouped into four divisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preliminary_moves">Preliminary moves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Preliminary moves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both armies marched under the rain and set themselves up near Tarar, and subsequently marched on towards San Miguel. Santa Cruz, after stopping in Tarhuaz, then occupied the town of Yungay on 13 January. </p><p>On the night of 19 January, Santa Cruz sent Colonel Rodriguez Margariños to observe the Chilean positions. He also ordered the Bolivian Colonel Anselmo Quiroz, with 600 soldiers, to take up positions on the Pan de Azúcar Hill, while Colonel Fructuoso de la Peña advanced towards the Punyán Hill with another 200 soldiers. </p><p>At dawn on 20 January, Gen Bulnes marched with his four divisions to Yungay, whilst Santa Cruz deployed his army along the Ancash River, with Herrera's division on the right flank. The artillery was set up in the middle and, behind it, the cavalry, led by General Perez de Urdinea. Finally, Moran's division was stationed on the left flank. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battlefield">Battlefield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battlefield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both forces were separated by a short valley formed by the Santa River and the mountains, with the Punyán, Ancash and Pan de Azúcar hills at the far end of this site. Behind these heights lay the deep Ancash Valley, followed by the Confederate trenches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_battle">The battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManuelBulnes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ManuelBulnes.JPG/300px-ManuelBulnes.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ManuelBulnes.JPG/450px-ManuelBulnes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ManuelBulnes.JPG/600px-ManuelBulnes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2684" data-file-height="4165" /></a><figcaption>General Manuel Bulnes Prieto, commander of the Chilean Expeditionary Force and the Restorer Army.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confrontation_on_the_Punyán_and_Pan_de_Azúcar_hills"><span id="Confrontation_on_the_Puny.C3.A1n_and_Pan_de_Az.C3.BAcar_hills"></span>Confrontation on the Punyán and Pan de Azúcar hills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Confrontation on the Punyán and Pan de Azúcar hills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulnes decided to attack the Confederates at Punyán Hill first. Under Elespuru, Silva's Aconcagua Battalion was dispatched to clear out the hill. Silva succeeded and forced out de la Peña's, but Elespuru was mortally wounded. After them, Bulnes sent the Portales, Valdivia and Huaylas battalions. </p><p>At 9 am, a column of 400 soldiers under Jerónimo Valenzuela and formed by companies from the Carampangue, Santiago, Valparaíso and Cazadores de Perú battalions, was sent to the Pan de Azúcar Hill to assail Col. Quiroz' position. The Restorers began the slowly climbing of the hill slope under heavy fire. </p><p>The Restorer columns sustained severe losses. Valenzuela and all the officers were killed. The Carampangue's company alone was led in the end by Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Candelaria_P%C3%A9rez" title="Candelaria Pérez">Candelaria Perez</a>. The rest of the companies were severely decimated too. Nevertheless, the Restorers finally reached the summit and bayoneted the Confederates out of Pan de Azúcar Hill. All of the defenders were killed, including Quiroz himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Valparaíso Battalion Sergeant Jose Alegría raised the Chilean flag on the Pan de Azúcar Hill summit.<sup id="cite_ref-Ejército_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ejército-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maneuvers_on_the_Ancash_Glen">Maneuvers on the Ancash Glen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Maneuvers on the Ancash Glen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marshall Santa Cruz sent Col. Deheza's battalion to reinforce Quiroz at Punyán Hill, marching through the Ancash Valley, but en route encountered and engaged with the Colchagua Battalion led by Col. Urriola, forcing the Chileans to respond with a bayonet charge. Bulnes ordered the Portales Battalion to aid Urriola, a maneuver that obliged the Bolivians to pull out of the valley and withdraw to Herrera's positions with the loss our a third of its initial strength. </p><p>With the Pan de Azúcar and Punyán hills conquered, Bulnes then planned a frontal attack on Santa Cruz army, which was arranged in a line of trenches on the opposite bank of the Ancash River. So, with the Chilean forces converging on the river bank, the Colchagua and Valdivia battalions were dispatched to engage the Confederate right flank, guarded by Herrera's division, while the Portales, Cazadores de Perú and the Huaylas battalions were ordered to attack Col. Moran's division. The five cannon battery of Col. Marcos Maturana set up on the Punyán heights began to shell and slowly dismantle the Confederate trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-Ejército_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ejército-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the bridge over the Ancash had been destroyed, the Chileans had to go down to the river shore and march across it. </p><p>Once Bulnes' troops crossed the river, then the battle covered the entire front line, with the Restorer soldiers out in the open and the Confederates firing at them from their trenches. From this protected position, the Confederates were able to thwart the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-Capitan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capitan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 14:30 hrs, Gen. Pedro Bermúdez led his 3rd of Bolivia Battalion in a bayonet charge on Portales' Battalion and broke its lines. Soon after, the cavalry was sent in to cut off the Chilean retreat while the infantry advance from their protected positions to attack the Restorers troops in the open field. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decisive_blow">Decisive blow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Decisive blow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Witnessing the Chilean retreat, Gen. Bulnes crossed the Ancash with a battalion and reinforced Garcia, followed by the Santiago and half of Huaylas Battalion. The Chileans rallied and resumed the attack. A few Confederate battalions managed to get back to their trenches. </p><p>Perez de Urdinea's cavalry crossed the river and clashed with Baquedano's Cazadores a Caballo Cavalry Regiment. In fighting so near to the Confederate lines, Baquedano was wounded and was forced to retreat. However, the Chilean cavalry attacked again with full force, obliging Perez de Urdinea to regroup with the Confederate infantry trying to retreat to their trenches. In a massive third charge, Baquedano broke Santa Cruz's left flank and the entire Confederate front collapsed. </p><p>With both armies now engaged in the gap between the trenches and the river, the Confederates tried to resist but were surrounded and completely vanquished. The disbanded troops were pursued by the Chilean cavalry and killed. According to Gonzalo Bulnes, 277 Confederates were found dead on the road between Manco and Yungay. Santa Cruz, followed by his generals Riva Agüero, Cerdeña and Miller, left the battlefield around 15:00 hrs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This was a decisive defeat for the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy. Santa Cruz had around 3,000 dead, including two generals, 9 colonels, 100 officers and 2,500 soldiers, around half of its effective force. The Restorer Army lost one general, 39 officers and 622 soldiers. </p><p>The Battle of Yungay brought the Peru-Bolivian Confederacy to an end. The Chilean Expeditionary Force reoccupied <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> on April. On 25 August 1839. General <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Gamarra" title="Agustín Gamarra">Agustín Gamarra</a> assumed the Presidency of Peru, and officially declared the dissolution of the Confederation and the reunification of Peru. Santa Cruz was exiled, first to <a href="/wiki/Guayaquil" title="Guayaquil">Guayaquil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, then to Chile and finally to Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he died in <a href="/wiki/Beauvoir,_Manche" title="Beauvoir, Manche">Beauvoir</a>, France, on 25 September 1865. He was 72. </p><p>Manuel Bulnes returned to Chile. He was elected President of Chile for two consecutive periods, from 1841 to 1851. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yungay,_Peru" title="Yungay, Peru">Yungay</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Andina1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andina1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andina1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comunidadandina.org/BDA/docs/BO-CA-0014.pdf">Santa Cruz el condor indio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325230852/http://www.comunidadandina.org/BDA/docs/BO-CA-0014.pdf">Archived</a> March 25, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901130800/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839085.pdf">"Peruvian decorations awarded to Chilean Army"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.gob.pe/ntley/Imagenes/LeyesXIX/1839085.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peruvian+decorations+awarded+to+Chilean+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.gob.pe%2Fntley%2FImagenes%2FLeyesXIX%2F1839085.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_López_Urrutia2007" class="citation book cs1">Carlos López Urrutia (2007). <i>Historia de la Marina de Chile</i>. El Ciprés Editores.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+Marina+de+Chile&rft.pub=El+Cipr%C3%A9s+Editores&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Carlos+L%C3%B3pez+Urrutia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capitan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capitan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capitan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Gran_Capitan" class="citation web cs1">El Gran Capitan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elgrancapitan.org/portal/index.php/articulos/historia-militar/903-la-batalla-de-yungay">"La Batalla de Yungay"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Batalla+de+Yungay&rft.au=El+Gran+Capitan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elgrancapitan.org%2Fportal%2Findex.php%2Farticulos%2Fhistoria-militar%2F903-la-batalla-de-yungay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ejército-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ejército_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ejército_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEjército_de_Chile" class="citation web cs1">Ejército de Chile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100213155054/http://www.ejercito.cl/historia/combates_yungay.php">"Batalla de Yungay"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejercito.cl/historia/combates_yungay.php">the original</a> on February 13, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batalla+de+Yungay&rft.au=Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+Chile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejercito.cl%2Fhistoria%2Fcombates_yungay.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/s/santa_cruz.htm">Biografía de Andrés de Santa Cruz en Biografías y Vidas</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Yungay&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060905052841/http://www.educared.edu.pe/estudiantes/historia6/confederacion1.htm">The Birth of the Confederation</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejercito.cl">Chilean Army</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BibVirtualData/libros/Historia/Iniciacion_Repub/tomo2/segunda_camp_yungay.pdf">Basadre, Jorge; La segunda campaña restauradora de Guía a Yungay</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulnes,_Gonzalo1878" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bulnes, Gonzalo (1878). <i>Historia de la Campaña del Perú en 1838</i> (in Spanish). Impr. Los Tiempos.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+Campa%C3%B1a+del+Per%C3%BA+en+1838&rft.pub=Impr.+Los+Tiempos&rft.date=1878&rft.au=Bulnes%2C+Gonzalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325230852/http://www.comunidadandina.org/BDA/docs/BO-CA-0014.pdf">Santa Cruz: El Cóndor indio</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyno,_ManuelGonzález,_Edmundo1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reyno, Manuel; González, Edmundo (1985). <i>Historia del Ejército de Chile, Vol III</i> (in Spanish). Estado Mayor del Ejército de Chile.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+del+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+Chile%2C+Vol+III&rft.pub=Estado+Mayor+del+Ej%C3%A9rcito+de+Chile&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Reyno%2C+Manuel&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Edmundo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Yungay" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2890439#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149516">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007534270905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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