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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_and_contemporary_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 Historical and contemporary interpretations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_and_contemporary_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boundaries_between_subregions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boundaries_between_subregions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 Boundaries between subregions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boundaries_between_subregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonisation_of_Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonisation_of_Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Colonisation of Oceania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonisation_of_Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Melanesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melanesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Melanesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melanesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micronesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micronesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Micronesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micronesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polynesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polynesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.4 Polynesia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polynesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 European exploration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_settlement_and_colonisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_settlement_and_colonisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 European settlement and colonisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_settlement_and_colonisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Modern history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Flora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_city_for_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_city_for_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Largest city for regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_city_for_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_by_metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_by_metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Cities by metropolitan area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_by_metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeogenetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeogenetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Archaeogenetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeogenetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Pacific Islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pacific_Islands_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pacific_Islands_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Pacific Islands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pacific_Islands_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Australia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Hawaii </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 New Zealand </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Samoa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Oceania</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 245 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-245" aria-hidden="true" > 245 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Океаниэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Океаниэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Океание – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Океание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseani%C3%AB" title="Oseanië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oseanië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeanien" title="Ozeanien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%BA%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ኦሺያኒያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦሺያኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशीनिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ओशीनिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Океаниа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Океаниа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="أوقيانوسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوقيانوسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%C3%ADa" title="Oceanía – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oceanía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A8anie" title="Ocèanie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ocèanie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ওচেনিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ওচেনিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%C3%ADa" title="Oceanía – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oceanía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osean%C3%ADa" title="Oseanía – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Oseanía" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Okeaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اوقیانوسیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوقیانوسیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A9ania" title="Oséania – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oséania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ওশেনিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওশেনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-i%C3%BB%E2%81%BF-chiu" title="Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-iûⁿ-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия һәм Океания – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Австралия һәм Океания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аўстралія і Акіянія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўстралія і Акіянія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Аўстралія і Акіянія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аўстралія і Акіянія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशेनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओशेनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanya" title="Oseanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oseanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrelia_mo_Osenia" title="Ostrelia mo Osenia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Ostrelia mo Osenia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australien_und_Ozeanien" title="Australien und Ozeanien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Australien und Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོའི་གླིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོའི་གླིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeanija" title="Okeanija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Okeanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeania" title="Okeania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Okeania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Океани – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Океани" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Океани – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Океани" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyaniya" title="Oseyaniya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oseyaniya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C3%A1nie" title="Oceánie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oceánie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uceania" title="Uceania – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Uceania" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanien" title="Oceanien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oceanien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ؤقيانوسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤقيانوسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australien_und_Ozeanien" title="Australien und Ozeanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Australien und Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Oceanija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशिनिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="ओशिनिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austraalia_ja_Okeaania" title="Austraalia ja Okeaania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austraalia ja Okeaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ωκεανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ωκεανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%C3%ADa" title="Oceanía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oceanía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanio" title="Oceanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oceanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeania" title="Ozeania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ozeania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اقیانوسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقیانوسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osiania" title="Osiania – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Osiania" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anie" title="Océanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Océanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseaanje" title="Oseaanje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oseaanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyaaniya" title="Oseyaaniya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Oseyaaniya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanie" title="Oceanie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Oceanie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Aig%C3%A9ine" title="An Aigéine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Aigéine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Aarkeylann" title="Yn Aarkeylann – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Aarkeylann" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Okeaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roinn_a%27_Chuain_Sh%C3%A8imh" title="Roinn a' Chuain Shèimh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Roinn a' Chuain Shèimh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%C3%ADa" title="Oceanía – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oceanía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Астралии Океании – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Астралии Океании" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="大洋洲" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8A%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اۊقیانۊسيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اۊقیانۊسيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍉𐌺𐌴𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-y%C3%B2ng-ch%C3%BB" title="Thai-yòng-chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai-yòng-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B8%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84" title="오세아니아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오세아니아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osheniya" title="Osheniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Osheniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BE%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Օվկիանիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օվկիանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशिआनिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओशिआनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Oceanija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oceanija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%93%AF%E1%90%8B%E1%93%82%E1%90%8A" title="ᐅᓯᐋᓂᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᓯᐋᓂᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Океани – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Океани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Osheaniya" title="I-Osheaniya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="I-Osheaniya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyja%C3%A1lfa" title="Eyjaálfa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eyjaálfa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוקיאניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקיאניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A9ania" title="Oséania – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oséania" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyanii_t%C9%9Bt%CA%8B_wandamm" title="Oseyanii tɛtʋ wandamm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Oseyanii tɛtʋ wandamm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಒಷ್ಯಾನಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಷ್ಯಾನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Океания – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Океания" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ოკეანეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოკეანეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аустралия және Океания – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аустралия және Океания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyaniya" title="Oseyaniya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Oseyaniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_na_Pasifiki" title="Australia na Pasifiki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Australia na Pasifiki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyani" title="Oseyani – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oseyani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%C3%A9yanni" title="Loséyanni – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Loséyanni" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyan%C3%BBsya" title="Okyanûsya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Okyanûsya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Океания – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Океания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Океани – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Океани" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeania" title="Ozeania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ozeania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוסיאניה – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="אוסיאניה" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5" title="ໂອເຊອານີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂອເຊອານີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C4%81lija_un_Oke%C4%81nija" title="Austrālija un Okeānija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Austrālija un Okeānija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeanien" title="Ozeanien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Океания – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Океания" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C3%A7eania" title="Oçeania – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oçeania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceani%C3%AB" title="Oceanië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oceanië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osean%C3%ADa" title="Oseanía – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Oseanía" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeanii" title="Okeanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Okeanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/poltu%27a" title="poltu'a – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="poltu'a" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausztr%C3%A1lia_%C3%A9s_%C3%93ce%C3%A1nia" title="Ausztrália és Óceánia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ausztrália és Óceánia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओसिनिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ओसिनिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Океанија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Океанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94seania" title="Ôseania – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ôseania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ഓഷ്യാനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓഷ്യാനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%8Beanja" title="Oċeanja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Oċeanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao-o-Kiwa" title="Ao-o-Kiwa – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ao-o-Kiwa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशनिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओशनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ოკიანეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოკიანეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اوشيانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوشيانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="اوقیانوسیه قاره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوقیانوسیه قاره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i-i%C3%B2ng-ci%C5%AD" title="Dâi-iòng-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi-iòng-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouceanie" title="Ouceanie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ouceanie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Австрали ба далайн орнууд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Австрали ба далайн орнууд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အိုရှန်းနီးယား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုရှန်းနီးယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceani%C3%AB" title="Oceanië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oceanië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceani%C3%AB" title="Oceanië – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oceanië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओसिनिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओसिनिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओसियानिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ओसियानिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="オセアニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オセアニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Океани – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Океани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose%C3%A5%C3%A5nien" title="Oseåånien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Oseåånien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osheania" title="Osheania – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Osheania" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%C3%A9annie" title="Ochéannie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ochéannie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Океаний – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Океаний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Okeaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਓਸ਼ੇਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਸ਼ੇਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="اوشیانا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوشیانا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%BB%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="အိုဆျန်းနီးယား – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိုဆျန်းနီးယား" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اوقيانوسيه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوقيانوسيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoshania" title="Uoshania – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Uoshania" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Океания – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Океания" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="អូសេអានី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អូសេអានី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och%C3%A9anie" title="Ochéanie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ochéanie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osseania" title="Osseania – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Osseania" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osenia" title="Osenia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Osenia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australien_un_Ozeanien" title="Australien un Ozeanien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Australien un Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_i_Oceania" title="Australia i Oceania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Australia i Oceania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ωκεανίαν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ωκεανίαν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C3%A2nia" title="Oceânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oceânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeaniya" title="Okeaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Okeaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstraliya_ve_Okeaniya" title="Avstraliya ve Okeaniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Avstraliya ve Okeaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oteania" title="Oteania – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Oteania" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usiya%C3%B1a" title="Usiyaña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Usiyaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Океанія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Океанія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралия и Океания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австралия и Океания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Океания – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Океания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ओशीनिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओशीनिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otze%C3%A0nia" title="Otzeània – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Otzeània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanie" title="Oceanie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oceanie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeanien" title="Ozeanien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ozeanien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oqeania" title="Oqeania – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oqeania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%95%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඕෂනියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඕෂනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اوشينيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوشينيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia_a_Oce%C3%A1nia" title="Austrália a Oceánia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Austrália a Oceánia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oceanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%97%EA%99%97_%D0%B8_%D1%A0%D0%BA%D1%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Аѵстралїꙗ и Ѡкєанїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аѵстралїꙗ и Ѡкєанїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australij%C5%8F_i_%C3%94ceanij%C5%8F" title="Australijŏ i Ôceanijŏ – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Australijŏ i Ôceanijŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooshiyaaniya" title="Ooshiyaaniya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ooshiyaaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئۆقیانووسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆقیانووسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyaniya" title="Oseyaniya – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Oseyaniya" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Океанија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Океанија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okeanija" title="Okeanija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Okeanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%A9ania" title="Oséania – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Oséania" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oseania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanien" title="Oceanien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oceanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseaniya" title="Oseaniya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oseaniya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="ஓசியானியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓசியானியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqyanusya" title="Uqyanusya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Uqyanusya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagarawt" title="Tagarawt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tagarawt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanie" title="Oceanie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Oceanie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Австралия һәм Океанлык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Австралия һәм Океанлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="ဢူဝ်းသီးၼီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ဢူဝ်းသီးၼီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayangco" title="Tayangco – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Tayangco" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%93%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ఓషియానియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఓషియానియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose%C3%A1nia" title="Oseánia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Oseánia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="โอเชียเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โอเชียเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%9B%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уқёнусия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уқёнусия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಒಷ್ಯಾನಿಯ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಒಷ್ಯಾನಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okyanusya" title="Okyanusya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Okyanusya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awstrali%C3%BDa_we_Okeani%C3%BDa" title="Awstraliýa we Okeaniýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Awstraliýa we Okeaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osheniya" title="Osheniya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Osheniya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B9_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Австралія й Океанія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австралія й Океанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%81" title="اوقیانوسیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوقیانوسیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئوكيانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوكيانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayangzcouh" title="Dayangzcouh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dayangzcouh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose%C3%A0nia" title="Oseània – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oseània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdmerimad" title="Valdmerimad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Valdmerimad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2u_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Châu Đại Dương – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Châu Đại Dương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seanop" title="Seanop – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Seanop" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austraalia_ja_Ok%C3%B5aania" title="Austraalia ja Okõaania – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Austraalia ja Okõaania" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceyaneye" title="Oceyaneye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oceyaneye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大洋洲" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceani%C3%AB" title="Oceanië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oceanië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oceania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseyaani" title="Oseyaani – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Oseyaani" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大洋洲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxiyeniya" title="Oxiyeniya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Oxiyeniya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אקעאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אקעאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E1%B9%A3%C3%A9%C3%A1n%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Oṣéáníà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oṣéáníà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oceania&params=13_21_0_S_176_8_22_W_dim:30000000">13°21′0″S 176°8′22″W / 13.35000°S 176.13944°W / -13.35000; -176.13944</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Geographical region in the Pacific Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the geographical region. For the continent, see <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia (continent)</a>. For the continental mainland, see <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oceania_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Oceania (disambiguation)">Oceania (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"South West Pacific" redirects here. For the 1943 Australian film, see <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_(film)" title="South West Pacific (film)">South West Pacific (film)</a>. For the World War II military command, see <a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area" title="South West Pacific Area">South West Pacific Area</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Over-quotation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">too many or overly lengthy quotations</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit">summarize the quotations</a>. Consider transferring direct quotations to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Oceania">Wikiquote</a> or excerpts to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Oceania">Wikisource</a>. (August 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Oceania</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_(centered_orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg/400px-Oceania_%28centered_orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">An orthographic projection of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">9,000,000 km2 (3,500,000 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Continent#Area_and_population" title="Continent">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">44,491,724 (2021, <a href="/wiki/List_of_continents_and_continental_subregions_by_population" title="List of continents and continental subregions by population">6th</a>)<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data">4.94/km2 (12.8/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.630 trillion (2018, <a href="/wiki/List_of_continents_by_GDP#Continents_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of continents by GDP">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$62,316 (2023, <a href="/wiki/List_of_continents_by_GDP#Continents_by_GDP_per_capita_(nominal)" title="List of continents by GDP">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space:nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>62.2% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>32.7% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li>24.7% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></li> <li>4.8% other <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">36.5% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space:nowrap;">1.3% other<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oceanian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal"><div><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN members</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania#United_Nations_member_states" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">14</a>)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania#Associated_states" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">2</a>)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dependencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">External</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania#Non-sovereign_territories" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">21</a>)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (5) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /> <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (3) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/23px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/35px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_FLNKS.svg/46px-Flag_of_FLNKS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> (1) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (1) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (11) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /> <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Midway_Islands_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_by_country" title="List of administrative divisions by country">Internal</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania#Non-sovereign_territories" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">11</a>)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (1) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/46px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /> <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> (1) <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Galapagos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="83" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos Islands">Galapagos Islands</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (7) <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Maluku.svg/22px-Flag_of_Maluku.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Maluku.svg/33px-Flag_of_Maluku.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_Maluku.svg/43px-Flag_of_Maluku.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="358" /> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a>)</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg/22px-Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg/33px-Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg/43px-Flag_of_Central_Papua_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="896" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg/33px-Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg/43px-Flag_of_Highland_Papua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="896" /> <a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Papua_2.svg/22px-Flag_of_Papua_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Papua_2.svg/33px-Flag_of_Papua_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Papua_2.svg/43px-Flag_of_Papua_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="896" /> <a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg/43px-Flag_of_South_Papua_Province.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="896" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg/33px-Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg/43px-Flag_of_Southwest_Papua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="896" /> <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_West_Papua_%28vectorised%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050" /> <a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1) <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ogasawara,_Tokyo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ogasawara"><img alt="Ogasawara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ogasawara%2C_Tokyo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogasawara Islands">Ogasawara</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (1) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <div><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory" title="List of official languages by country and territory">30</a>)</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Bislama" title="Bislama">Bislama</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_M%C4%81ori" title="Cook Islands Māori">Cook Islands Māori</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Hindi" title="Fiji Hindi">Fiji Hindi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiʻian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Hiri_Motu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiri Motu language">Hiri Motu</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Marshallese_language" title="Marshallese language">Marshallese</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Niuean_language" title="Niuean language">Niuean</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Norfuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfuk">Norfuk</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Pitkern" title="Pitkern">Pitkern</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Rotuman_language" title="Rotuman language">Rotuman</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_language" title="Tokelauan language">Tokelauan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tongan_language" title="Tongan language">Tongan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_language" title="Tuvaluan language">Tuvaluan</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zones</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B09:00" title="UTC+09:00">UTC+9</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>) to <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC–6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>) (west to east)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Oceania_by_population" title="List of metropolitan areas in Oceania by population">10 largest cities in Oceania</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tweed_Heads,_New_South_Wales" title="Tweed Heads, New South Wales">Tweed Heads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a>–<a href="/wiki/Maitland,_New_South_Wales" title="Maitland, New South Wales">Maitland</a></li></ol> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN_M49" title="UN M49">UN M49</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>009</code> – Oceania <code>001</code> – <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">World</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Oceania (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌoʊsiˈɑːniə, ˌoʊʃi-, -ˈeɪn-/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">OH-s(h)ee-AH-nee-ə, -⁠AY-</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌoʊʃiˈæniə, -ˈɑːn-/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/58\/En-us-Oceania.ogg\/En-us-Oceania.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Oceania.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/En-us-Oceania.ogg/En-us-Oceania.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Oceania.ogg" title="File:En-us-Oceania.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">OH-shee-A(H)N-ee-ə</a>)<a href="#cite_note-pronun-5">[5]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">geographical region</a> including <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aging-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-7">[7]</a> Outside of the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>, Oceania is generally considered a <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a> is regarded as its continental <a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">landmass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Spanning the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western</a> hemispheres, at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">water hemisphere</a>, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of about 9,000,000 square kilometres (3,500,000 sq mi) and a population of around 44.4 million as of 2022. Oceania is the smallest continent in land area and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_continents_and_continental_subregions_by_population" title="List of continents and continental subregions by population">second-least populated</a> after <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">highly developed</a> and globally competitive <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">financial markets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, which rank high in <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>,<a href="#cite_note-worlda-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-herita-13">[13]</a> to the much <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">less developed economies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-imforg-14">[14]</a> The largest and most populous <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">country in Oceania</a> is Australia, and the largest city is <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dfatgov-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Puncak Jaya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> is the highest peak in Oceania at 4,884 m (16,024 ft).<a href="#cite_note-modern283-16">[16]</a> The first settlers of Australia, New Guinea, and the large islands just to the east arrived more than 60,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Oceania was <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Pacific" title="Exploration of the Pacific">first explored by Europeans</a> from the 16th century onward. Portuguese explorers, between 1512 and 1526, reached the <a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar Islands</a>, some of the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> and west <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. On his first voyage in the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, who later arrived at the highly developed <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>, went to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> and followed the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">east coast of Australia</a> for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-foundi-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">arrival of European settlers</a> in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. The <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Oceania#World_War_II" title="Military history of Oceania">Pacific theatre</a> saw major action during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World Wars</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art#Stone_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">rock art</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> is the longest continuously practiced artistic tradition in the world.<a href="#cite_note-oceanart-19">[19]</a> Most Oceanian countries are <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracies</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> serving as a large source of income for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific island nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newpol162-20">[20]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_extent">Definitions and extent</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions and extent">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg/300px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg/450px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg/600px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_-_Map_with_Zones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Oceania with its sovereign states and dependent territories within the subregions <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></figcaption></figure> Definitions of Oceania vary.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-asianpacific-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-worldatlas-7">[7]</a> The broadest definition encompasses the many islands between mainland <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aging-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-harv-24">[24]</a> The island nation of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> is the only piece of land in the area which is large enough to typically be considered a continent.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] The culture of the people who lived on these islands was often distinct from that of Asia and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian</a> America.<a href="#cite_note-edu_au-27">[27]</a> Before <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">Europeans</a> arrived in the area, the sea shielded Australia and south central Pacific islands from cultural influences that spread through large continental landmasses and adjacent islands.<a href="#cite_note-edu_au-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-cam_uk-28">[28]</a> The islands of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>, north of Australia, mainly lie on the <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a> of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity.<a href="#cite_note-edu_au-27">[27]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg/220px-Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg/330px-Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg/440px-Mappe-Monde_sur_la_Projection_de_Mercator_Carte_Encyprotype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="20212" data-file-height="14667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercator_projection" title="Mercator projection">Mercator</a> Planisphere by A.-H. Brué (1816), showing Océanie, the Grand Océan and Polynésie including all the islands of the Pacific Ocean</figcaption></figure> The geographer <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Malte-Brun" title="Conrad Malte-Brun">Conrad Malte-Brun</a> coined the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> expression Terres océaniques (Oceanic lands) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1804.<a href="#cite_note-OED-29">[29]</a> In 1814 another French cartographer, Adrien-Hubert Brué, coined from this expression the shorter "Océanie",<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> which derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oceanus#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:oceanus">oceanus</a>, and this from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%A0%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ὠκεανός">ὠκεανός</a> (ōkeanós), "ocean". The term Oceania is used because, unlike the other continental groupings, it is the ocean that links the parts of the region together.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> John Eperjesi's 2005 book The Imperialist Imaginary says that it has "been used by <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> cartographers since the mid-19th century to give order to the complexities of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> area."<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/220px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/330px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/440px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2210" /></a><figcaption>1852 map by Jean-Denis Barbié du Bocage. Includes regions of <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a></figcaption></figure> In the 19th century, many geographers divided Oceania into mostly racially based subdivisions: Australasia, <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a> (encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The 2011 book Maritime Adaptations of the Pacific, by Richard W. Casteel and Jean-Claude Passeron, states that, "for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, Oceania has long been a continent like Africa, Asia and America."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Scottish geographer <a href="/wiki/John_Bartholomew" title="John Bartholomew">John Bartholomew</a> wrote in 1873 that, "the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, and the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> attached to it. These divisions [are] generally themselves spoken as continents, and to them has been added another, embracing the large island of Australia and numerous others in the [Pacific] Ocean, under the name of Oceania. There are thus six great divisions of the earth — <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, Asia, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, North America, South America and Oceania."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> American author <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griswold_Goodrich" title="Samuel Griswold Goodrich">Samuel Griswold Goodrich</a> wrote in his 1854 book History of All Nations that, "geographers have agreed to consider the island world of the Pacific Ocean as a third continent, under the name Oceania." In this book, the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (the Americas) and the <a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a> (<a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a>).<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In his 1879 book Australasia, British naturalist <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> commented that, "Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon" and that "Australia forms its central and most important feature."<a href="#cite_note-austral-36">[36]</a> He did not explicitly label Oceania a continent in the book, but did note that it was one of the six major divisions of the world.<a href="#cite_note-austral-36">[36]</a> The Oxford Handbook of World History (2011) describes the areas encompassed in Oceania as being "afterthoughts in world history texts, lumped together and included at the end of global surveys as areas largely marginal to the main events of world history".<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div>In most non-<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>-speaking countries Oceania is treated as a continent in the sense that it is "one of the parts of the world", and Australia is only seen as an island nation. In other non-English-speaking countries Australia and <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> are thought of as continents, while Asia, Europe, and Oceania are regarded as "parts of the world".<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, Australia, and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in the English-speaking countries.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-lewis32b-42">[42]</a> In his 1961 book The United States and the Southwest Pacific, American author <a href="/wiki/C._Hartley_Grattan" title="C. Hartley Grattan">Clinton Hartley Grattan</a> commented that, "the use of the word Oceania to cover Australia, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, and the [Pacific] islands now has a slightly old-fashioned flavor."<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Australia is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> in 1971, and at times has been interpreted as the largest Pacific island.<a href="#cite_note-'O'Malley_SMH_21_Sep_2014-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Some geographers group the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Plate">Australian tectonic plate</a> with others in the Pacific to form a geological continent.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a> states that the term Oceania "establishes the Pacific Ocean as the defining characteristic of the continent."<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Others have labelled it as the "liquid continent".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The Pacific Ocean itself has been labelled as a "continent of islands", and contains approximately 25,000, which is more than all the other major oceans combined.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In a 1991 article, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Basin</a> often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature."<a href="#cite_note-nps-53">[53]</a> </div> <div>Oceania's subregions of <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indo-Australian Plate</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a>, in addition to two minor plates; the <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Plate">Nazca Plate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Sea_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Sea Plate">Philippine Sea Plate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-plates-55">[55]</a> The Australian Plate includes Australia, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, and parts of New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-plates-55">[55]</a> The Pacific Plate covers the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_(archipelago)" title="Solomon Islands (archipelago)">Solomon Islands</a> and parts of New Zealand, as well as Micronesia (excluding the westernmost islands near the Philippine Sea Plate) and Polynesia (excluding Easter Island).<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-plates-55">[55]</a> The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbours the <a href="/wiki/South_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="South American Plate">South American Plate</a>, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands.<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-plates-55">[55]</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island,_Vanuatu.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif/lossy-page1-290px-Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif/lossy-page1-435px-Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif/lossy-page1-580px-Map_of_Near_and_Remote_Oceania_and_location_of_Efate_Island%2C_Vanuatu.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Map displaying parts of <a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a> with a focus on <a href="/wiki/Efate" title="Efate">Efate</a></figcaption></figure> The new terms <a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a> were proposed in 1973 by anthropologists <a href="/wiki/Roger_Curtis_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Curtis Green">Roger Green</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pawley" title="Andrew Pawley">Andrew Pawley</a>. By their definition, Near Oceania consists of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> They are designed to dispel the outdated categories of <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>; many scholars now replace those categories with Green's terms since the early 1990s, but the old categories are still used in science, popular culture and general usage.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries">Boundaries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Boundaries">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on Oceania borders: <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">Boundaries between the continents of Earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">List of transcontinental countries</a></div> Islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are generally considered to be the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>, a politically integral part of Japan; <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, a state of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; Clipperton Island, a possession of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a>, belonging to Chile; and <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a>, belonging to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-class-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-ausgov-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-realm-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Nations_interpretation">United Nations interpretation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: United Nations interpretation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_Oceania" title="United Nations geoscheme for Oceania">United Nations geoscheme for Oceania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg/300px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg/450px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg/600px-Oceania_UN_Geoscheme_Regions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Oceania and its four subregions</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century: Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. This definition consists of discrete political entities, and so excludes the Bonin Islands, Hawaii, Clipperton Island and the Juan Fernández Islands, along with Easter Island — which was annexed by Chile in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> It is used in statistical reports, by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>, and by many atlases.<a href="#cite_note-Lewis_1997_32-66">[66]</a> The UN categorizes Oceania, and by extension the Pacific area, as one of the major continental divisions of the world, along with Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Their definition includes <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>, Australia and their <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">external territories</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>, Fiji, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, the Marshall Islands, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, New Caledonia, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, Papua New Guinea, <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, the Solomon Islands, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a>).<a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> The original UN definition of Oceania from 1947 included these same countries and semi-independent territories, which were mostly still <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonies</a> at that point.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. The states of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as are <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The CIA World Factbook</a> also categorizes Oceania as one of the major continental divisions of the world, but the name "Australia and Oceania" is used. Their definition does not include all of Australia's external territories, but is otherwise the same as the UN's definition, and is also used for statistical purposes.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The Pacific Islands Forum expanded during the early 2010s, and areas that were already included in the UN definition of Oceania, such as French Polynesia, gained membership.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_interpretations">Early interpretations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early interpretations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg/410px-Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg" decoding="async" width="410" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg/615px-Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg/820px-Meyers_b12_s0582a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5319" data-file-height="2814" /></a><figcaption>A German map of Oceania from 1884, showing the region to encompass Australia and all islands between Asia and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a></figcaption></figure> French writer <a href="/wiki/Gustave_d%27Eichthal" title="Gustave d'Eichthal">Gustave d'Eichthal</a> remarked in 1844 that, "the boundaries of Oceania are in reality those of the great ocean itself."<a href="#cite_note-eic-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Malte-Brun" title="Conrad Malte-Brun">Conrad Malte-Brun</a> in 1824 defined Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the islands of Polynesia (which then included all the Pacific islands) and the Malay Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> American <a href="/wiki/Lexicography" title="Lexicography">lexicographer</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Emerson_Worcester" title="Joseph Emerson Worcester">Joseph Emerson Worcester</a> wrote in 1840 that Oceania is "a term applied to a vast number of islands which are widely dispersed in the Pacific Ocean [...] they are considered as forming a fifth grand division of the world." He also viewed Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the Malay Archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 1887, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</a> referred to Australia as the area's westernmost land,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> while in 1870, British Reverend <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Murdoch_Mackay" title="Alexander Murdoch Mackay">Alexander Mackay</a> identified the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a> as its northernmost point, and <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a> as its southernmost point.<a href="#cite_note-mac-77">[77]</a> The Bonin Islands at that time were a possession of Britain; Macquarie Island, to the south of <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, is a subantarctic island in the Pacific. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> believed in 1879 that Oceania extended to the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, which are among the northernmost islands of the Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-austral-36">[36]</a> The islands, now politically associated with <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, have historically had <a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">inhabitants</a> that were related to <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous Americans</a>, in addition to having non-tropical biogeography similar to that of Alaska and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Wallace insisted while the surface area of this wide definition was greater than that of Asia and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> combined, the land area was only a little greater than that of Europe.<a href="#cite_note-austral-36">[36]</a> American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857.<a href="#cite_note-corn-81">[81]</a> She stated that Oceania was divided up into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Zealand, and the Melanesian islands), <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a> (which included all present-day countries within the Malay Archipelago, not the modern country of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>) and Polynesia (which included both the Polynesian and Micronesian islands in her definition).<a href="#cite_note-corn-81">[81]</a> Aside from mainland Australia, areas that she identified as of high importance were Borneo, Hawaii, Indonesia's <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, New Guinea, New Zealand, the Philippines, French Polynesia's <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a>, Tasmania, and Tonga.<a href="#cite_note-corn-81">[81]</a> American geographer <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Olney" title="Jesse Olney">Jesse Olney</a>'s 1845 book A Practical System of Modern Geography stated that it "comprises the numerous isles of the Pacific, lying south east of Asia." Olney divided up Oceania into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand), Malesia and Polynesia (which included the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia in his definition).<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Publication Missionary Review of the World claimed in 1895 that Oceania was divided up into five groups; Australasia, Malesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. It did not consider Hawaii to be part of Polynesia, due to its geographic isolation, commenting that Oceania also included, "isolated groups and islands, such as the Hawaiian and <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos</a>."<a href="#cite_note-missionary-83">[83]</a> In 1876, French geographer <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Élisée Reclus</a> labelled Australia's flora as "one of the most characteristic on the globe", adding that "the Hawaiian archipelago also constitutes a separate vegetation zone; of all tropical insular groups it possesses the relatively largest number of endemic plants. In the Galápagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin."<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rand_McNally" title="Rand McNally">Rand McNally & Company</a>, an American publisher of maps and atlases, claimed in 1892 that, "Oceania comprises the large island of Australia and the innumerable islands of the Pacific Ocean" and also that the islands of the Malay Archipelago "should be grouped in with Asia."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> British linguist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Needham_Cust" title="Robert Needham Cust">Robert Needham Cust</a> argued in 1887 that the Malay Archipelago should be excluded since it had participated in Asian civilization.<a href="#cite_note-ess-86">[86]</a> Cust considered Oceania's four subregions to be Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.<a href="#cite_note-ess-86">[86]</a> New Zealand was categorized by him as being in Polynesia; and the only country in his definition of Australasia was Australia.<a href="#cite_note-ess-86">[86]</a> His definition of Polynesia included both Easter Island and Hawaii, which had not yet been annexed by either Chile or the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ess-86">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society" title="Journal of the Royal Statistical Society">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society</a> stated in 1892 that Australia was a large island within Oceania rather than a small continent. It additionally commented: <blockquote>it is certainly not necessary to consider the Hawaiian Islands and Australia as being in the same part of the world, it is however permissible to unite in one group all the islands which are scattered over the great ocean. It should be remarked that if we take the Malay Archipelago away from Oceania, as do generally the German geographers, the insular world contained in the great ocean is cut in two, and the least populated of the five parts of the world is diminished in order to increase the number of inhabitants of the most densely populated continent.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></blockquote> Regarding Australia and the Pacific, Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopædia observed in 1885 that, "the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasia—generally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the [Malay] archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a>."<a href="#cite_note-chambers-88">[88]</a> It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject".<a href="#cite_note-chambers-88">[88]</a> British physician and ethnologist <a href="/wiki/James_Cowles_Prichard" title="James Cowles Prichard">James Cowles Prichard</a> claimed in 1847 that the Aleutian Islands and the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a> form "the northern boundary of this fifth region of the world, and with the coasts of Asia and America completing its literal termination." However, he wrote that these islands "are not usually reckoned as belonging to it, because they are known to be inhabited by races of people who came immediately from the adjacent continents and are unconnected with those tribes of the human race who peopled the remote islands of this great ocean." He added that Hawaii was the most northerly area to be inhabited by races associated with Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The 1926 book Modern World History, 1776–1926, by Alexander Clarence Flick, considered Oceania to include all islands in the Pacific, and associated the term with the Malay Archipelago, the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, the Aleutian Islands, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, Taiwan and the Kuril Islands.<a href="#cite_note-flick-90">[90]</a> He further included in his definition <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a>, an island which is geologically part of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a>, but that has been administered by Russia since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Hong Kong, partly located in another marginal sea of the Pacific (the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>) was also included in his definition. Australia and New Zealand were grouped together by Flick as Australasia, and categorized as being in the same area of the world as the islands of Oceania. Flick estimated this definition of Oceania had a population of 70,000,000, and commented that, "brown and yellow races constitute the vast majority" and that the minority of whites were mainly "owners and rulers".<a href="#cite_note-flick-90">[90]</a> Hutton Webster's 1919 book Medieval and Modern History also considered Oceania to encompass all islands in the Pacific, stating that, "the term Oceania, or Oceanica, in its widest sense applies to all the Pacific Islands." Webster broke Oceania up into two subdivisions; the continental group, which included Australia, the Japanese archipelago, the Malay Archipelago and Taiwan, and the oceanic group, which included New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay Archipelago, and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernández Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farallon_Islands" title="Farallon Islands">Farallon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haida_Gwaii" title="Haida Gwaii">Queen Charlotte Islands</a> (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's <a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Island" title="Chiloé Island">Chiloé Island</a>, Ecuador's Galápagos Islands, Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Island" title="Guadalupe Island">Guadalupe Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Revillagigedo_Islands" title="Revillagigedo Islands">Revillagigedo Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islas_San_Benito" title="Islas San Benito">San Benito Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islas_Mar%C3%ADas" title="Islas Marías">Tres Marías Islands</a>, and Peru's <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands" title="Chincha Islands">Chincha Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tyler-92">[92]</a> Islands in marginal seas of the Pacific were also covered in the book, including Alaska's <a href="/wiki/Pribilof_Islands" title="Pribilof Islands">Pribilof Islands</a> and China's <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a>. Tyler additionally profiled the <a href="/wiki/Anson_Archipelago" title="Anson Archipelago">Anson Archipelago</a>, which during the 19th century was a designation for a widely scattered group of purported islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean between Japan and Hawaii. The Anson archipelago included <a href="/wiki/Phantom_island" title="Phantom island">phantom islands</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ganges_Island" title="Ganges Island">Ganges Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Jardines" title="Los Jardines">Los Jardines</a> which were proven to not exist, as well as real islands such as Marcus Island and Wake Island.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Tyler described Australia as "the <a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">leviathan</a> of the island groups of the world".<a href="#cite_note-tyler-92">[92]</a> In his 1857 book A Treatise on Physical Geography, Francis B. Fogg commented that "the Pacific and its dependencies may be said to contain that portion of the globe termed Oceanica or 'the Maritime World', which is divided into Australasia, Malesia and Polynesia." Fogg defined Polynesia as covering the combined islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, as well as the Ryukyu Islands. He added that, "besides the proceeding, the Pacific contains many other islands, of which the most important are Hainan and Formosa, on the coast of China, the Japan isles, the Kuriles, the Aleutian Islands (stretching from the New World to the Old), Vancouver Island, the Galápagos, Juan Fernández and Chiloé."<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Scottish academic <a href="/wiki/John_Merry_Ross" title="John Merry Ross">John Merry Ross</a> in 1879 considered Polynesia to cover the entire South and Central Pacific area, not just islands ethnographically within Polynesia. He wrote in The Globe Encyclopedia of Universal Information that, "literally interpreted, the name would include all the groups from Sumatra to the Galápagos, together with Australia."<a href="#cite_note-suma-96">[96]</a> Ross further wrote, "and to this vast region the term Oceania has been applied. It is more usual at the present time, however, to exclude the [Malay] archipelago."<a href="#cite_note-suma-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_and_contemporary_interpretations">Historical and contemporary interpretations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical and contemporary interpretations">edit</a>]</div> In a 1972 article for the <a href="/wiki/Music_Educators_Journal" title="Music Educators Journal">Music Educators Journal</a> titled Musics of Oceania, author Raymond F. Kennedy wrote: <blockquote>many meanings have been given to the word Oceania. The most inclusive–but not always the most useful–embraces about 25,000 land areas between Asia and the Americas. A more popular and practical definition excludes Indonesia, East Malaysia (Borneo), the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and other islands closely related to the Asian mainland, as well as the Aleutians and the small island groups situated near the Americas. Thus, Oceania most commonly refers to the land areas of the South and Central Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-journal-97">[97]</a></blockquote> Kennedy defined Oceania as including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.<a href="#cite_note-journal-97">[97]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Publishing Office</a>'s Area Handbook for Oceania from 1971 states that Australia and New Zealand are the principal large sovereignties of the area. It further states: <blockquote>In its broadest definition Oceania embraces all islands and island groups of the Pacific Ocean that lie between Asia and the two American continents. In popular usage, however, the designation has a more restricted application. The islands of the North Pacific, such as the Aleutians and the Kuriles, usually are excluded. In addition, the series of sovereign island nations fringing Asia (Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, East Malaysia, the Republic of Indonesia) are not ordinarily considered to be part of the area.<a href="#cite_note-handbook-98">[98]</a></blockquote> In 1948, American military journal Armed Forces Talk broke the islands of the Pacific up into five major subdivisions; Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and the non-tropical Islands. The Indonesia subdivision consisted of the islands of the Malay Archipelago, while the non-tropical islands were categorized as being North Pacific islands such as Alaska's <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Archipelago" title="Kodiak Archipelago">Kodiak archipelago</a>, the Aleutian Islands, Japan, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Japan's Bonin and Ryukyu Islands are also considered to be <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical islands</a>, with the main Japanese archipelago being non-tropical.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The journal associated the term Oceania with the Melanesian, Micronesian, and Polynesian subdivisions, but not with the Indonesian or non-tropical subdivisions.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The Pacific Islands Handbook (1945), by Robert William Robson, stated that, "Pacific Islands generally are regarded as Pacific islands lying within the tropics. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. Most of them have little economic or political importance." He noted the political significance of the Aleutian Islands, which were invaded by the Japanese military in World War II, and categorized New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Antipodes_Islands" title="Antipodes Islands">Antipodes Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bounty_Islands" title="Bounty Islands">Bounty Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Islands" title="Campbell Islands">Campbell Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chatham_Island" title="Chatham Island">Chatham Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a> as being non-tropical islands of the South Pacific, along with Australia's <a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe Island</a> and Norfolk Island. The Kermadec Islands, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island are also considered to be subtropical islands. Other non-tropical areas below the <a href="/wiki/Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>, such as Chiloé Island, Macquarie Island, Tasmania, and the southern portions of mainland Australia and New Zealand, were not included in this category.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. It notes that, "the term [has] also come under scrutiny by many geographers. Some experts insist that Oceania encompasses even the cold Aleutian Islands and the islands of Japan. Disagreement also exists over whether or not Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan should be included in Oceania."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> The Japanese Archipelago, the Malay Archipelago and Taiwan and other islands near China are often deemed as a geological extension of Asia, since they do not have <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic islands">oceanic geology</a>, instead being detached fragments of the Eurasian continent that were once physiologically connected.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-chen-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Certain Japanese islands off the main archipelago are not geologically associated with Asia.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The book The World and Its Peoples: Australia, New Zealand, Oceania (1966) asserts that, "Japan, Taiwan, the Aleutian Islands, Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia [and] the Pacific archipelagos bordering upon the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Far East Asian</a> mainland are excluded from Oceania", and that "all the islands lying between Australia and the Americas, including Australia, are part of Oceania."<a href="#cite_note-nz-108">[108]</a> Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific."<a href="#cite_note-nz-108">[108]</a> The 1876 book The Countries of the World, by British scientist and explorer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1842)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1842)">Robert Brown</a>, labelled the Malay Archipelago as Northwestern Oceania, but Brown still noted that these islands belonged more to the Asian continent. They are now often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>, with Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Singapore being founding members of the <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> regional organization for <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> in 1967 (Brunei and East Timor did not exist as independent nations at that point).<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Brown also categorized Japan and Taiwan as being in the same part of the world as the islands of Oceania, and excluded them from The Countries of the World: Volume 5, which covered mainland Asia and Hong Kong.<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> He divided Oceania into two subregions: Eastern Oceania, which included the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, and Southwestern Oceania, which included Australia and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> The Galápagos Islands, the Juan Fernández Islands and the Revillagigedo Islands were identified as the easternmost areas of Oceania in the book. Brown wrote, "they lie nearest the American continent of all oceanic islands, and though rarely associated with Polynesia, and never appearing to have been inhabited by any aboriginal races, are, in many ways, remarkable and interesting."<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> Brown went on to add, "the small islands lying off the continent, like the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Charlotte_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Charlotte Islands">Queen Charlotte's</a> in the North Pacific, the <a href="/wiki/Farallon_Islands" title="Farallon Islands">Farallones</a> off California, and the <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands" title="Chincha Islands">Chinchas</a> off Peru are—to all intents and purposes, only detached bits of the adjoining shores. But in the case of the Galápagos, at least, this is different."<a href="#cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">[64]</a> The Juan Fernández Islands and the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">Desventuradas Islands</a> are today seen as the easternmost extension of the Indo-West Pacific biogeographic region. The islands lie on the Nazca Plate with Easter Island and the Galápagos Islands, and have a significant south central Pacific component to their marine fauna.<a href="#cite_note-marine-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-east-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-class-58">[58]</a> According to scientific journal <a href="/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Current" title="Humboldt Current">Humboldt Current</a> helps create a biogeographic barrier between the marine fauna of these islands and South America.<a href="#cite_note-marine-110">[110]</a> Chile's government have occasionally considered them to be within Oceania along with Easter Island.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Chile's government also categorize Easter Island, the Desventuradas Islands and the Juan Fernández Islands as being part of a region titled <a href="/wiki/Insular_Chile" title="Insular Chile">Insular Chile</a>. They further include in this region Salas y Gómez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. PLOS One describe Insular Chile as having "cultural and ecological connections to the broader insular Pacific."<a href="#cite_note-marine-110">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg/340px-Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg/510px-Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg/680px-Members_of_Pacific_Island_Forum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>A map of member states for the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a>, the member states are depicted in blue. The PIF is a governing organization for the Pacific, and all of its members are seen as being politically within Oceania. Territories ethnographically associated with Oceania, but not politically associated with Oceania, such as Easter Island, Hawaii, and Western New Guinea, have considered gaining representation in the PIF. The Pacific island nations of Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan are dialogue partners, but none have full membership. East Timor, located in marginal seas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, also have observer status.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/340px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/510px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png/680px-Map_of_the_Exclusive_Economic_Zones_of_the_Pacific_Ocean.png 2x" data-file-width="3067" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> map of the Pacific which includes areas not politically associated with Oceania, that may be considered geographically or geologically within Oceania</figcaption></figure> In her 1997 book Australia and Oceania, Australian historian <a href="/wiki/Kate_Darian-Smith" title="Kate Darian-Smith">Kate Darian-Smith</a> defined the area as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In 1987, The Journal of Australasian Cave Research described Oceania as being "the region from <a href="/wiki/Irian_Jaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irian Jaya">Irian Jaya</a> (Western New Guinea, a province of New Guinea) in the west to Galápagos Islands (Equador) and Easter Island (Chile) in the east."<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In a 1980 report on <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">venereal diseases</a> in the South Pacific, the British Journal of Venereal Diseases categorized the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galápagos Islands and the Juan Fernández Islands as being in an eastern region of the South Pacific, along with areas such as Pitcairn Islands and French Polynesia, but noted that the Galápagos Islands were not a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">South Pacific Commission</a>, like other islands in the South Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The South Pacific Commission is a developmental organization formed in 1947 and is currently known as the Pacific Community; its members include Australia and other Pacific Islands Forum members. In a 1947 article on the formation of the South Pacific Commission for the Pacific Affairs journal, author Roy E. James stated the organization's scope encompassed all non-self governing islands below the equator to the east of Papua New Guinea (which itself was included in the scope and then known as <a href="/wiki/Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">Dutch New Guinea</a>). Easter Island and the Galápagos Islands were defined by James as falling within the organization's geographical parameters.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The 2007 book Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, by New Zealand Pacific scholar <a href="/wiki/Ron_Crocombe" title="Ron Crocombe">Ron Crocombe</a>, defined the term "Pacific Islands" as being islands in the South Pacific Commission, and stated that such a definition "does not include Galápagos and other [oceanic] islands off the Pacific coast of the Americas; these were uninhabited when Europeans arrived, then integrated with a South American country and have almost no contact with other Pacific Islands." He adds, "Easter Island still participates in some Pacific Island affairs because its people are Polynesian."<a href="#cite_note-asianpacific-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sebeok" title="Thomas Sebeok">Thomas Sebeok</a>'s two volume 1971 book Linguistics in Oceania defines Easter Island, the Galápagos Islands, the Juan Fernández Islands, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Island" title="Cocos Island">Cocos Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Malpelo_Island" title="Malpelo Island">Malpelo Island</a> (all oceanic)<a href="#cite_note-zug-118">[118]</a> as making up a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish language</a> segment of Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-ling-119">[119]</a> Cocos Island and Malpelo Island are the only landmasses located on the <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Plate">Cocos Plate</a>, which is to the north of the Nazca Plate. The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts.<a href="#cite_note-ling-119">[119]</a> Additionally, the book includes Taiwan and the entire Malay Archipelago as part of Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-lingtai-120">[120]</a> While not oceanic in nature, Taiwan and Malay Archipelago countries like Indonesia and the Philippines share <a href="/wiki/Austronesians" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesians">Austronesian</a> ethnolinguistic origins with Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, hence their inclusion in the book.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-lingtai-120">[120]</a> Hainan, which neighbours Taiwan, also has Austronesian ethnolinguistic origins, although it was not included in the book.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The book defined Oceania's major subregions as being Australia, Indonesia (which included all areas associated with the Malay Archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. In 2010, Australian historian Bronwen Douglas claimed in The Journal of Pacific History that "a strong case could be made for extending Oceania to at least Taiwan, the homeland of the Austronesian language family whose speakers colonized significant parts of the region about 6,000 years ago."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> For political reasons, Taiwan was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Oceania Football Confederation</a> during the 1970s and 1980s, rather than the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Ian Todd's 1974 book Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama also defines oceanic Latin American islands as making up a Spanish language segment of Oceania, and included the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island, the Galápagos Islands, Guadalupe Island, the Juan Fernández Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and Salas y Gómez. Cocos Island and Malpelo Island were not explicitly referenced in the book, despite being areas which would fall within this range. All other islands associated with Latin American countries were excluded, as they are continental in nature, unlike Guadalupe Island and the Revillagigedo Islands (both situated on the Pacific Plate) and the oceanic islands situated on the Cocos Plate and Nazca Plate. Todd defined the oceanic Bonin Islands as making up a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese language</a> segment of Oceania, and excluded the main Japanese archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-realm-62">[62]</a> Todd further included the Aleutian Islands in his definition of Oceania. The island chain borders both the Pacific Plate and the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American Plate</a>, and is geologically a partially submerged volcanic extension of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Range" title="Aleutian Range">Aleutian Range</a> on the Alaskan mainland.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-128">[128]</a> He did not include the volcanic Kuril Islands and Ryukyu Islands, which similarly border both the Eurasian Plate and the Pacific Plate,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> nor did he include the neighbouring Kodiak archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean, which is firmly situated on the North American Plate.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies stated in 1996 that Oceania was defined as Australia and an ensemble of various Pacific Islands, "particularly those in the central and south Pacific [but] never those in the extreme north, for example the Aleutian chain."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In the Pacific Ocean Handbook (1945), author Eliot Grinnell Mears claimed, "it is customary to exclude the Aleutians of the North Pacific, the American coastal islands and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a>", and that he included Australia and New Zealand in Oceania for "scientific reasons; Australia's fauna is largely continental in character, New Zealand's are clearly insular; and neither <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth realm</a> has close ties with Asia."<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a> and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their <a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">indigenous inhabitants</a> "show many parallels with Pacific island societies."<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In the 2006 book Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds, American paleontologist <a href="/wiki/David_Steadman" title="David Steadman">David Steadman</a> wrote, "no place on earth is as perplexing as the 25,000 islands that make Oceania." Steadman viewed Oceania as encompassing Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia (including Easter Island and Hawaii). He excluded from his definition the larger islands of New Guinea and New Zealand, and argued that Cocos Island, the Galápagos Islands, the Revillagigedo Islands and other oceanic islands nearing the Americas were not part of Oceania, due to their biogeographical affinities with that area and lack of prehistoric indigenous populations.<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a> In his 2018 book Regionalism in South Pacific, Chinese author Yu Changsen wrote that some "stress a narrow vision of the Pacific as those Pacific Islands excluding Australia and even sometimes New Zealand", adding that the term Oceania "promotes a broader concept that has room for Australia and New Zealand."<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. Inherent to their remoteness and because of the wide variety of island types, the Pacific Islands have developed unique social, biological and geological characteristics." Koppers considered Oceania to encompass the entire 25,000 islands of the Pacific Ocean. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galápagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. In the 2013 book The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, Paul Bullen critiqued the definition of Oceania in Encyclopedia of Islands, and wrote that since Koppers included areas such as Vancouver Island, it is "not clear what the referents of 'Pacific Region', 'Oceania' or 'Pacific Islands' are." Bullen added that, "Asia, Europe and the Maritime Continent are not literal geographic continents. The '<a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a> region' would comprise two quasi-continents. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded."<a href="#cite_note-ev-138">[138]</a> In his 1993 book A New Oceania: Rediscovering Our Sea of Islands, New Guinea-born <a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Epeli_Hau%CA%BBofa" title="Epeli Hauʻofa">Epeli Hauʻofa</a> wrote that, "Pacific Ocean islands from Japan, through the Philippines and Indonesia, which are adjacent to the Asian mainland, do not have oceanic cultures, and are therefore not part of Oceania."<a href="#cite_note-edu_au-27">[27]</a> The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. The book stated, "this definition of Oceania might seem too restrictive: Why not include Australia, for example, or even too broad, for what does <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea_Highlands" title="New Guinea Highlands">Highland New Guinea</a> have to do with Hawai'i?", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> It has been theorized that the indigenous <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_people" title="Jōmon people">Jōmon people</a> of the Japanese archipelago are related to Austronesians, along with the indigenous inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands. Some also theorize that <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">Indigenous Australians</a> are related to the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu people</a>, who are the original inhabitants of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>, the Kuril Islands and the southern part of Sakhalin.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote: <blockquote>the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. These regions are usually considered to be part of Maritime Southeast Asia. Although these regions, as well as the large East Asian islands of Taiwan, Hainan and the Japanese archipelago, have varying degrees of cultural connections.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></blockquote> In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." He went on to write that his preferred definition of Oceania emphasis islands with oceanic geology, stating that oceanic islands are, "islands with no past connections to a continental landmass" and that, "these boundaries encompass the Hawaiian and Bonin Islands in the north and Easter Island in the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> Islands in the west to the Galápagos Islands in the east."<a href="#cite_note-zug-118">[118]</a> Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a> supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and <a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a>. Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's <a href="/wiki/Izu_Islands" title="Izu Islands">Izu Islands</a>, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. Unlike the United Nations, the World Factbook defines the still-uninhabited Clipperton Island as being a discrete political entity, and they categorize it as part of North America, presumably due to its relative proximity (situated 1,200 kilometres off Mexico on the Pacific Plate). Clipperton is not politically associated with the Americas, as is the case with other oceanic islands nearing the Americas, having had almost no interaction with the continent throughout its history.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> From the early 20th century to 2007, the island was administratively part of French Polynesia, which itself was known as French Oceania up until 1957.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In terms of marine fauna, Clipperton shares similarities with areas of the Pacific which are much farther removed from the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-clipzoo-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Scottish author <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hope_Moncrieff" title="Robert Hope Moncrieff">Robert Hope Moncrieff</a> considered Clipperton to be the easternmost point of Oceania in 1907, while Ian Todd also included it in his definition of Oceania in Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Other uninhabited Pacific Ocean landmasses have been explicitly associated with Oceania,<a href="#cite_note-janick-150">[150]</a> including the highly remote Baker Island and Wake Island (now administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a>).<a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> This is due to their location in the centre of the Pacific, their biogeography and their oceanic geology. Less isolated oceanic islands that were once uninhabited, such as the Bonin Islands, the Galápagos Islands and the Juan Fernández Islands, have since been sparsely populated by citizens of their political administrators.<a href="#cite_note-realm-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-ling-119">[119]</a> Archaeological evidence suggests that <a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesians</a> may have lived on the Bonin Islands <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Boundaries_between_subregions">Boundaries between subregions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boundaries between subregions">edit</a>]</div> Depending on the definition, New Zealand could be part of Polynesia, or part of Australasia with Australia.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> New Zealand was originally settled by the Polynesian <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>, and has long maintained a political influence over the subregion.<a href="#cite_note-southsea-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-lowy18-154">[154]</a> Through immigration and high Māori birth rates, New Zealand has attained the largest population of Polynesians in the world,<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> while Australia has the third largest Polynesian population (consisting entirely of immigrants). Modern-day Indigenous Australians are loosely related to Melanesians,<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> and Australia maintains political influence over Melanesia,<a href="#cite_note-lowy18-154">[154]</a> which is mostly located on the same tectonic plate.<a href="#cite_note-birds-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-plates-55">[55]</a> Despite this, Australia is rarely seen as a part of the subregion.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Codrington_Melanesians_Encyc-159">[159]</a> As with Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia's New Caledonia has a significant non-indigenous European population, numbering around 71,000.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-160">[160]</a> Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-devchris-161">[161]</a> As such, it is not also culturally considered a part of the predominantly English-speaking Australasia.<a href="#cite_note-emb-162">[162]</a> Some cultural and political definitions of Australasia include most or all of Melanesia, due to its geographical proximity to Australia and New Zealand, but these are rare.<a href="#cite_note-NZOD-163">[163]</a> Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia are more commonly grouped together as part of the <a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian biogeographical realm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Papua New Guinea is geographically the closest country to Australia, and is often geologically associated with Australia as it was once physiologically connected.<a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> Australia's Indian Ocean external territories of <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> are situated within the bounds of the Australian Plate and have been geographically associated with Southeast Asia, due to their proximity to western Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Both were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans during the 17th century. Approximately half of the population on these islands are <a href="/wiki/European_Australians" title="European Australians">European Australian</a> mainlanders (with smaller numbers being <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European New Zealanders</a>), while the other half are immigrants from China or the nearby Malay Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Census2016-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Australia's Indian Ocean external territory Heard Island and McDonald Islands lie on the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic Plate">Antarctic Plate</a> and are also thought of as being in Antarctica or no region at all, due to their extreme geographical isolation.<a href="#cite_note-geo-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> The World Factbook define Heard Island and McDonald Islands as part of Antarctica, while placing Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands as the westernmost extent of Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>, an external territory of Australia, was inhabited in prehistoric times by either Melanesians or Polynesians, and is geographically adjacent to the islands of Melanesia. The current inhabitants are mostly European Australians, and the UN categorize it as being in the Australasia subregion.<a href="#cite_note-stats-65">[65]</a> The 1982 edition of the South Pacific Handbook, by David Stanley, groups Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Hawaiʻi together under an "Anglonesia" category. This is in spite of the geographical distance separating these areas from Hawaiʻi, which technically lies in the North Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The 1985 edition of the South Pacific Handbook also groups the Galápagos Islands as being in Polynesia, while noting that they are not culturally a part of the subregion.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The islands are typically grouped with others in the southeastern Pacific that were never inhabited by Polynesians.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-veg-178">[178]</a> The Bonin Islands are in the same biogeographical realm as the geographically adjacent Micronesia, and are often grouped in with the subregion because of this.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-veg-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Oceania" title="History of Oceania">History of Oceania</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="History of the Pacific Islands">History of the Pacific Islands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonisation_of_Oceania">Colonisation of Oceania</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Colonisation of Oceania">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory of Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">History of Indigenous Australians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout,_from_Australia_(1876,_vol_II).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg/260px-Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg/390px-Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg/520px-Native_Encampment_by_Skinner_Prout%2C_from_Australia_%281876%2C_vol_II%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="715" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century engraving of an Aboriginal Australian encampment</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 70,000 years ago<a href="#cite_note-scimag-180">[180]</a> and arrived in Australia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 50,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-illumina.com-181">[181]</a> They are believed to be among the <a href="/wiki/Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans" title="Recent African origin of modern humans">earliest human migrations out of Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBSRC-182">[182]</a> Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population.<a href="#cite_note-ourcount-183">[183]</a> There is evidence of genetic and linguistic interchange between Australians in the far north and the Austronesian peoples of modern-day <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and the islands, but this may be the result of recent trade and <a href="/wiki/Interracial_marriage" title="Interracial marriage">intermarriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-germs314-184">[184]</a> They reached <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 40,000 years ago by migrating across a <a href="/wiki/Land_bridge" title="Land bridge">land bridge</a> from the mainland that existed during the last <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-prehis-185">[185]</a> It is believed that the first <a href="/wiki/Early_human_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Early human migration">early human migration</a> to Australia was achieved when this landmass formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Sahul_continent" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahul continent">Sahul continent</a>, connected to the island of New Guinea via a land bridge.<a href="#cite_note-perspe81-186">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a> are indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a> Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> near <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-uow2004-187">[187]</a> The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are that of <a href="/wiki/Mungo_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungo Man">Mungo Man</a>, which have been dated at <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 40,000 years old.<a href="#cite_note-pmid4570638-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Melanesia">Melanesia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Melanesia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="History of New Guinea">History of New Guinea</a></div> The original inhabitants of the group of islands now named Melanesia were likely the ancestors of the present-day <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan</a>-speaking people. Migrating from Southeast Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_(archipelago)" title="Solomon Islands (archipelago)">Solomon Islands archipelago</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Makira" title="Makira">Makira</a> and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east.<a href="#cite_note-struct2072-189">[189]</a> Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a>, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. In the late 20th century, some scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples.<a href="#cite_note-malenes-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Micronesia">Micronesia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Micronesia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="History of the Federated States of Micronesia">History of the Federated States of Micronesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg/220px-HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg/330px-HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg/440px-HH1883_pg125_Hafen_von_Jap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="2191" /></a><figcaption>Stone money transport to <a href="/wiki/Yap_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Yap Island">Yap Island</a> in Micronesia (1880)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/220px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/330px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/440px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Chronological dispersal of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a> across the Pacific (per Bellwood in Chambers, 2008)</figcaption></figure> Micronesia began to be settled several millennia ago, although there are competing theories about the origin and arrival of the first settlers. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis.<a href="#cite_note-lapita-191">[191]</a> The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. The ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesians</a> settled there over 4,000 years ago. A decentralized chieftain-based system eventually evolved into a more centralized economic and religious culture centred on <a href="/wiki/Yap" title="Yap">Yap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pohnpei" title="Pohnpei">Pohnpei</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USDOS-192">[192]</a> The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well.<a href="#cite_note-books.google-193">[193]</a> The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. They became known as the <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorros</a>. Their <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">language</a> was named after them. The ancient Chamorro left a number of megalithic ruins, including <a href="/wiki/Latte_stone" title="Latte stone">Latte stone</a>. The Refaluwasch or <a href="/wiki/Carolinian_people" title="Carolinian people">Carolinian people</a> came to the Marianas in the 1800s from the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>. Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC" title="2nd millennium BC">2nd millennium BC</a>E, with inter-island navigation made possible using <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">traditional stick charts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-races165-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Polynesia">Polynesia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Polynesia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Hawaii" title="History of Hawaii">History of Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History of New Zealand</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Discovery_and_settlement_of_Hawaii" title="Discovery and settlement of Hawaii">Discovery and settlement of Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian navigation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AhuTongariki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/AhuTongariki.jpg/220px-AhuTongariki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/AhuTongariki.jpg/330px-AhuTongariki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/AhuTongariki.jpg/440px-AhuTongariki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">Moai</a> at Ahu Tongariki on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Rapa Nui (Easter Island)</a></figcaption></figure> The Polynesian people are considered to be by linguistic, archaeological and human genetic ancestry a subset of the sea-migrating <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a> and tracing <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesian languages</a> places their <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> origins in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a>, and ultimately, in <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. Between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 3000 and 1000 BCE, speakers of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> began spreading from Taiwan into <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-matrilineality2003-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kayser,_M._2006-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-polyori8225-197">[197]</a> as tribes whose <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">natives</a> were thought to have arrived through South China <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 8,000 years ago to the edges of western Micronesia and on into Melanesia. In the archaeological record there are well-defined traces of this expansion which allow the path it took to be followed and dated with some certainty. It is thought that by roughly 1400 BCE,<a href="#cite_note-wings-198">[198]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a> Peoples", so-named after their pottery tradition, appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a> of north-west Melanesia.<a href="#cite_note-Leach_&_Green_1989-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-burley128-200">[200]</a> Easter Islanders claimed that a chief <a href="/wiki/Hotu_Matu%EA%9E%8Ca" title="Hotu Matuꞌa">Hotu Matuꞌa</a><a href="#cite_note-vikings228-201">[201]</a> discovered the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family.<a href="#cite_note-hawaii-202">[202]</a> They are believed to have been <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a>. Around 1200, <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a> explorers discovered and began settling the area. This date range is based on <a href="/wiki/Glottochronology" title="Glottochronology">glottochronological</a> calculations and on three <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dates</a> from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities.<a href="#cite_note-failor89-203">[203]</a> Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was discovered and settled as recently as 1200.<a href="#cite_note-scimag23874-204">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration">European exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: European exploration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Magellan_expedition" title="Magellan expedition">Magellan expedition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">History of Australia (1788–1850)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">Colony of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/220px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/330px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg/440px-1852_Bocage_Map_of_Australia_and_Polynesia_-_Geographicus_-_Oceanie-bocage-1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2210" /></a><figcaption>1852 map of Oceania by J. G. Barbié du Bocage. Includes regions of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, and <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onwards. Portuguese navigators, between 1512 and 1526, reached the <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Abreu" title="António de Abreu">António de Abreu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serr%C3%A3o" title="Francisco Serrão">Francisco Serrão</a> in 1512), <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a> (Martim A. Melo Coutinho), the <a href="/wiki/Tanimbar_Islands" title="Tanimbar Islands">Tanimbar Islands</a>, some of the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Gomes_de_Sequeira" title="Gomes de Sequeira">Gomes de Sequeira</a> in 1525), and west <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Jorge_de_Menezes" title="Jorge de Menezes">Jorge de Menezes</a> in 1526). In 1519, a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a> sailed down the east coast of South America, found and sailed through the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">strait that bears his name</a> and on 28 November 1520 entered the ocean which he named "Pacific". The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains <a href="/wiki/Duarte_Barbosa" title="Duarte Barbosa">Duarte Barbosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Serr%C3%A3o" title="João Serrão">João Serrão</a>, then sailed north and caught the <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. One surviving ship led by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a> returned west across the Indian Ocean and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_(ship)" title="Trinidad (ship)">the other</a> went north in the hope of finding the <a href="/wiki/Westerlies" title="Westerlies">westerlies</a> and reaching Mexico. Unable to find the right winds, it was forced to return to the East Indies. The <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Magellan%27s_circumnavigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Magellan's circumnavigation">Magellan-Elcano</a> expedition achieved the first <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the world and reached the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, and other islands of Oceania. From 1527 to 1595, a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> in the North Pacific, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_(archipelago)" title="Solomon Islands (archipelago)">Solomon Islands archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a> in the South Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-Fernandez-Armesto_2006_305–307-205">[205]</a> In the quest for <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a>, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fernandes_de_Queir%C3%B3s" title="Pedro Fernandes de Queirós">Pedro Fernandes de Queirós</a>, sailed to <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> archipelagos, and sailed the <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a> between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Vaz_de_Torres" title="Luís Vaz de Torres">Luís Vaz de Torres</a>. <a href="/wiki/Willem_Janszoon" title="Willem Janszoon">Willem Janszoon</a>, made the first completely documented European landing in Australia (1606), in <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_Peninsula" title="Cape York Peninsula">Cape York Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-discos19-206">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a> circumnavigated and landed on parts of the Australian continental coast and discovered <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>), New Zealand in 1642, and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-primary-207">[207]</a> He was the first known European explorer to reach these islands.<a href="#cite_note-tearag-208">[208]</a> On 23 April 1770, British explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> made his first recorded direct observation of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> at <a href="/wiki/Brush_Island" title="Brush Island">Brush Island</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bawley_Point,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Bawley Point, New South Wales">Bawley Point</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cook22470-209">[209]</a> On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the <a href="/wiki/Kurnell,_New_South_Wales" title="Kurnell, New South Wales">Kurnell Peninsula</a>. It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the <a href="/wiki/Gweagal" title="Gweagal">Gweagal</a>. His expedition became the first recorded Europeans to have encountered its eastern coastline of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-herald86292-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_settlement_and_colonisation">European settlement and colonisation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: European settlement and colonisation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">History of Australia (1788–1850)</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">History of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Guinea_(1884-1919).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/220px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/330px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png/440px-New_Guinea_%281884-1919%29.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>New Guinea from 1884 to 1919. The Netherlands controlled the western half of New Guinea, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> the north-eastern part, and Britain the south-eastern part.</figcaption></figure> In 1789, the <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">mutiny on the Bounty</a> against <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">William Bligh</a> led to several of the mutineers escaping the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and settling on <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>, which later became a British colony. Britain also established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Fiji">Fiji</a> in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a> (now known as <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>) and the Ellice Islands (now known as <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>) came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-TAHNPT-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-cinderella1-212">[212]</a> French Catholic missionaries arrived on Tahiti in 1834; their expulsion in 1836 caused France to send a gunboat in 1838. In 1842, Tahiti and <a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a> were declared a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">French protectorate</a>, to allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed.<a href="#cite_note-KMLA1889-213">[213]</a> On 24 September 1853, under orders from <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Febvrier_Despointes" title="Auguste Febvrier Despointes">Febvrier Despointes</a> took formal possession of New Caledonia.<a href="#cite_note-ped-214">[214]</a> The Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Salazar" title="Alonso de Salazar">Alonso de Salazar</a> landed in the Marshall Islands in 1529. They were named by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Johann_von_Krusenstern" title="Adam Johann von Krusenstern">Krusenstern</a>, after English explorer <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(British_captain)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshall (British captain)">John Marshall</a>, who visited them together with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gilbert_(captain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Gilbert (captain)">Thomas Gilbert</a> in 1788, en route from <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a> to <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a> (two ships of the <a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a>). In 1905, the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over southeast New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "<a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Territory of Papua</a>"); and in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. The Marshall Islands were claimed by Spain in 1874. Germany established colonies in New Guinea in 1884, and <a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">Samoa</a> in 1900. The United States also expanded into the Pacific, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a> in 1857, and with Hawaiʻi becoming a <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Hawaii" title="Territory of Hawaii">US territory</a> in 1898. Disagreements between the US, the UK, and Germany over Samoa led to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Convention_(1899)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Convention (1899)">Tripartite Convention of 1899</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amesagrey-215">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modern history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Oceania" title="Military history of Oceania">Military history of Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand" title="Military history of New Zealand">Military history of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Australia during World War I">Military history of Australia during World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Military history of Australia during World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">History of Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">History of Australia (1901–1945)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Oceania" title="Decolonisation of Oceania">Decolonisation of Oceania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NZ_3rd_Division_(USMC_photo).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg/220px-NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg/330px-NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg/440px-NZ_3rd_Division_%28USMC_photo%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand troops land on <a href="/wiki/Vella_Lavella" title="Vella Lavella">Vella Lavella</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </figcaption></figure> One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">Occupation of German Samoa</a> in August 1914 by <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Defence_Force" title="New Zealand Defence Force">New Zealand forces</a>. The campaign to take Samoa ended without bloodshed after over 1,000 New Zealanders landed on the German colony. Australian forces attacked <a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a> in September 1914. A company of Australians and a British warship besieged the Germans and their colonial subjects, ending with a German surrender.<a href="#cite_note-awm.gov.au-216">[216]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> by the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Imperial_General_Headquarters" title="Imperial General Headquarters">Imperial General Headquarters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pearl17ff-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-operat1315-218">[218]</a> was a surprise <a href="/wiki/Military_strike" title="Military strike">military strike</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> against the United States <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Harbor" title="Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a>, Hawaii, on the morning of 7 December 1941. The attack led to the <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States' entry into World War II</a>. The Japanese subsequently invaded New Guinea, Solomon Islands and other Pacific islands. The Japanese were turned back at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a> before they were finally defeated in 1945. Some of the most prominent Oceanic battlegrounds were the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bita_Paka" title="Battle of Bita Paka">Battle of Bita Paka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin" title="Bombing of Darwin">Air raids on Darwin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-decode32-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-reconcil7-220">[220]</a> The United States fought the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Battle of Guam</a> from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese military">Japanese military</a> occupation.<a href="#cite_note-nyt1997-221">[221]</a> Australia and New Zealand became <a href="/wiki/British_Dominions" class="mw-redirect" title="British Dominions">dominions</a> in the 20th century, adopting the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster Act</a> in 1942 and 1947 respectively. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an <a href="/wiki/Overseas_administrative_territorial_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas administrative territorial entity">overseas territory</a>; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynésie Française (<a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>). Hawaii became a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> in 1959. <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> became independent in 1970. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, the United States recognised the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of the Marshall Islands">Republic of the Marshall Islands</a>. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a> in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-awm.gov.au-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG/170px-Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG/255px-Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG/340px-Aoraki_Mount_Cook.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook">Aoraki / Mount Cook</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> of New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puncakjaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Puncakjaya.jpg/220px-Puncakjaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Puncakjaya.jpg/330px-Puncakjaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Puncakjaya.jpg/440px-Puncakjaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Puncak_Jaya" title="Puncak Jaya">Puncak Jaya</a> / Carstensz Pyramid, highest summit in Oceania</figcaption></figure> Under a four subregion model, the islands of Oceania extend to New Guinea in the west, the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a> in the northwest, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> in the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Sala y Gómez Island</a> in the east, and <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a> in the south. Excluded under most definitions of Oceania are the Pacific landmasses of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Japanese archipelago</a>, which are all on the margins of Asia, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a> and other Alaskan or Canadian islands.<a href="#cite_note-nz-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-ev-138">[138]</a> In its periphery, Oceania's islands would sprawl <a href="/wiki/28th_parallel_north" title="28th parallel north">28 degrees north</a> to the Bonin Islands in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/55th_parallel_south" title="55th parallel south">55 degrees south</a> to Macquarie Island in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-race1750-222">[222]</a> Oceanian islands are of four basic types: continental islands, <a href="/wiki/High_island" class="mw-redirect" title="High island">high islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a> and uplifted <a href="/wiki/Coral_island" title="Coral island">coral platforms</a>. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a>, Hawaiʻi, and Solomon Islands.<a href="#cite_note-GillespieClague2009-223">[223]</a> Oceania is one of eight terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">biogeographic realms</a>, which constitute the major ecological regions of the planet. Related to these concepts are <a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a>, that part of western <a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a> which has been inhabited for tens of millennia, and <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a> which is more recently settled. Although the majority of the Oceanian islands lie in the South Pacific, a few of them are not restricted to the Pacific Ocean – <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island" title="Kangaroo Island">Kangaroo Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a>, for instance, are situated in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, respectively, and <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_Tasmania" title="West Coast, Tasmania">Tasmania's west coast</a> faces the Southern Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-othero5-224">[224]</a> The coral reefs of the South Pacific are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. One of the most dramatic is the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Banaba_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaba Island">Banaba</a> (formerly Ocean Island) and <a href="/wiki/Makatea" title="Makatea">Makatea</a> in the Tuamotu group of <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-britta-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-abcnet22613-226">[226]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg/330px-%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg/495px-%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/%22Political_Oceania%22_CIA_World_Factbook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>A map of Oceania from the CIA World Factbook</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Regions">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, which lies north of the equator and west of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a>, includes the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> in the northwest, the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> in the centre, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> to the west and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> in the southeast.<a href="#cite_note-AAE-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-LalFortune2000p63-228">[228]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>, to the southwest, includes <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, the world's second largest island after <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-West2009-229">[229]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a> to the west, the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a> in the centre, and the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangareva_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangareva Islands">Mangareva Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> to the east.<a href="#cite_note-DunfordRidgell1996-230">[230]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> comprises Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Along with India most of Australasia lies on the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indo-Australian Plate</a> with the latter occupying the Southern area. It is flanked by the Indian Ocean to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-voyage6-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-auxter-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Fiji" title="Geography of Fiji">Geography of Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Zealand" title="Geology of New Zealand">Geology of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology of Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Samoa" title="Geography of Samoa">Geography of Samoa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_Pacifique.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaque_Pacifique.JPG/220px-Plaque_Pacifique.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaque_Pacifique.JPG/330px-Plaque_Pacifique.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plaque_Pacifique.JPG/440px-Plaque_Pacifique.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a> comprises most of Oceania, excluding <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> and the western portion of <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Plate">Pacific Plate</a>, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plate</a> that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. At 103 million square kilometres (40,000,000 sq mi), it is the largest tectonic plate. The plate contains an interior <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hot spot</a> forming the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tecto-233">[233]</a> It is almost entirely <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-platetec2010-234">[234]</a> The oldest member disappearing by way of the <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">plate tectonics</a> cycle is early-<a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> (145 to 137 million years ago).<a href="#cite_note-ageof-235">[235]</a> Australia became part of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indo-Australian Plate</a> 45 to 40 million years ago and this is in the process of separating again with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Plate">Australian Plate</a> being relevant to Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> It is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth<a href="#cite_note-distinct227-237">[237]</a> and it has had a relatively stable geological history. Geological forces such as <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_uplift" title="Tectonic uplift">tectonic uplift</a> of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years).<a href="#cite_note-ag-238">[238]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> of New Zealand is noted for its <a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> activity, <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_activity" title="Geothermal activity">geothermal</a> <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_areas_in_New_Zealand" title="Geothermal areas in New Zealand">areas</a> because of its position on the boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Plate">Australian Plate</a> and Pacific Plates. Much of the basement rock of New Zealand was once part of the super-continent of Gondwana, along with South America, Africa, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, India, Antarctica and Australia. The rocks that now form the continent of <a href="/wiki/Zealandia_(continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealandia (continent)">Zealandia</a> were nestled between Eastern Australia and <a href="/wiki/Western_Antarctica" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Antarctica">Western Antarctica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tearaz-239">[239]</a> The Australia-New Zealand continental fragment of Gondwana split from the rest of Gondwana in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">late Cretaceous</a> time (95–90 Ma). By 75 Ma, Zealandia was essentially separate from Australia and Antarctica, although only shallow seas might have separated Zealandia and Australia in the north. The <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a>, and part of Zealandia then locked together with Australia to form the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Plate">Australian Plate</a> (40 Ma), and a new plate boundary was created between the Australian Plate and Pacific Plate. Most islands in the Pacific are <a href="/wiki/High_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="High islands">high islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volcanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic">volcanic</a> islands), such as, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, among others, having peaks up to 1300 m rising abruptly from the shore.<a href="#cite_note-Factbook-Fiji-240">[240]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands" title="Northwestern Hawaiian Islands">Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</a> were formed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 7 to 30 million years ago, as <a href="/wiki/Shield_volcano" title="Shield volcano">shield volcanoes</a> over the same volcanic <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">hotspot</a> that formed the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seamounts" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Seamounts">Emperor Seamounts</a> to the north and the Main Hawaiian Islands to the south.<a href="#cite_note-geochr-241">[241]</a> Hawaii's tallest mountain <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> is 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above mean sea level.<a href="#cite_note-usgsgov-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Flora">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Australia" title="Geography of Australia">Geography of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_Zealand" title="Environment of New Zealand">Environment of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">Flora of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_New_Zealand" title="Flora of New Zealand">Flora of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endemism_in_the_Hawaiian_Islands" title="Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands">Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_of_Austronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated plants of Austronesia">Domesticated plants of Austronesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countryside_Kaikoura,_New_Zealand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/220px-Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/330px-Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG/440px-Countryside_Kaikoura%2C_New_Zealand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>New Zealand countryside</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_(Ayers_Rock),_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg/220px-Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg/330px-Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg/440px-Ulu%E1%B9%9Fu_%28Ayers_Rock%29%2C_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3573" data-file-height="2233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru</a> (Ayers Rock) in <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central Australia</a></figcaption></figure> The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre.<a href="#cite_note-envigov2012-243">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">Desert</a> or semi-arid land commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">outback</a> makes up by far the largest portion of land.<a href="#cite_note-portrait-244">[244]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Australian_temperate_forests" title="Eastern Australian temperate forests">coastal uplands</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Brigalow_Belt" title="Brigalow Belt">belt of Brigalow grasslands</a> lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland.<a href="#cite_note-drivers375-245">[245]</a> The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_Peninsula" title="Cape York Peninsula">Cape York Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-uplands-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-gdowns-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-mulgas-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-tempera-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-savanna-250">[250]</a> Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to <a href="/wiki/Aridity" title="Aridity">aridity</a> and fire which include <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyll" title="Sclerophyll">scleromorphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serotiny" title="Serotiny">serotiny</a>. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families <a href="/wiki/Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Banksia" title="Banksia">Banksia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a> – gum trees), and <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a> – wattle). The flora of Fiji, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> is <a href="/wiki/Tropical_dry_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical dry forest">tropical dry forest</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Tropical_vegetation" title="Tropical vegetation">tropical vegetation</a> that includes <a href="/wiki/Palm_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm trees">palm trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premna_protrusa" title="Premna protrusa">Premna protrusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psydrax_odorata" title="Psydrax odorata">Psydrax odorata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyrocarpus_americanus" title="Gyrocarpus americanus">Gyrocarpus americanus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Derris_trifoliata" title="Derris trifoliata">Derris trifoliata</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mostvb-251">[251]</a> New Zealand's landscape ranges from the <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a>-like sounds of the southwest to the tropical beaches of the far north. South Island is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alps" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a>. There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800 ft) in the South Island. All summits over 2,900 m are within the Southern Alps, a chain that forms the backbone of the South Island; the highest peak of which is <a href="/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook">Aoraki / Mount Cook</a>, at 3,754 metres (12,316 ft). Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year.<a href="#cite_note-newzat-252">[252]</a> There is a wide variety of native trees, adapted to all the various micro-climates in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-vascplant-253">[253]</a> In Hawaii, one endemic plant, <a href="/wiki/Brighamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighamia">Brighamia</a>, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct.<a href="#cite_note-plantprop-254">[254]</a> The two species of Brighamia – B. rockii and B. insignis – are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. To ensure these plants set seed, biologists rappel down 910-metre (3,000 ft) cliffs to brush pollen onto their stigmas.<a href="#cite_note-forgotpol-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Fauna">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Australia" title="Birds of Australia">Birds of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_New_Zealand" title="Birds of New Zealand">Birds of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_New_Zealand" title="Fauna of New Zealand">Fauna of New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammals_of_Australia" title="Mammals of Australia">Mammals of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Australia" title="List of birds of Australia">List of birds of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_New_Zealand" title="List of birds of New Zealand">List of birds of New Zealand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domesticated_animals_of_Austronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Domesticated animals of Austronesia">Domesticated animals of Austronesia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norfolk_Robin_(Petroica_multicolor)_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg/170px-Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg/255px-Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg/340px-Norfolk_Robin_%28Petroica_multicolor%29_in_the_Norfolk_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1577" data-file-height="2260" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_robin" title="Pacific robin">Pacific robin</a> inhabits the islands of the south western Pacific.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-256">[256]</a></figcaption></figure> The aptly named <a href="/wiki/Pacific_kingfisher" title="Pacific kingfisher">Pacific kingfisher</a> is found in the Pacific Islands,<a href="#cite_note-handbirds-257">[257]</a> as is the <a href="/wiki/Red-vented_bulbul" title="Red-vented bulbul">Red-vented bulbul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-icunet22717-258">[258]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_starling" title="Polynesian starling">Polynesian starling</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hawaiibirds-259">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brown_goshawk" title="Brown goshawk">Brown goshawk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-birdsback-260">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Swallow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Swallow">Pacific Swallow</a><a href="#cite_note-Turner-261">[261]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_myzomela" title="Cardinal myzomela">Cardinal myzomela</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-cardinal-262">[262]</a> Birds breeding on <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tern" title="Fairy tern">fairy tern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_noddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Common noddy">common noddy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_tropicbird" title="Red-tailed tropicbird">red-tailed tropicbird</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_reed_warbler" title="Pitcairn reed warbler">Pitcairn reed warbler</a>, endemic to Pitcairn Island, was added to the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> list in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-icunred181023-263">[263]</a> Native to Hawaii is the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_crow" title="Hawaiian crow">Hawaiian crow</a>, which has been <a href="/wiki/Extinct_in_the_wild" title="Extinct in the wild">extinct in the wild</a> since 2002.<a href="#cite_note-forestbirds-264">[264]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brown_tree_snake" title="Brown tree snake">brown tree snake</a> is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, Guam and Solomon Islands.<a href="#cite_note-btsnakegov-265">[265]</a> Native to Australia, New Guinea and proximate islands are <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_paradise" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds of paradise">birds of paradise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honeyeater" title="Honeyeater">honeyeaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australasian_treecreeper" title="Australasian treecreeper">Australasian treecreeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australasian_robin" title="Australasian robin">Australasian robin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingfisher" title="Kingfisher">kingfishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butcherbird" title="Butcherbird">butcherbirds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bowerbird" title="Bowerbird">bowerbirds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-systax-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steadman_2006-267">[267]</a> A unique feature of Australia's fauna is the relative scarcity of native <a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">placental</a> mammals, and dominance of the <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupials</a> – a group of mammals that raise their young in a <a href="/wiki/Pouch_(marsupial)" title="Pouch (marsupial)">pouch</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Macropodidae" title="Macropodidae">macropods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possums</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dasyuromorphia" title="Dasyuromorphia">dasyuromorphs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerines</a> of Australia, also known as songbirds or perching birds, include <a href="/wiki/Wren" title="Wren">wrens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Artamidae" title="Artamidae">magpie group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acanthiza" title="Acanthiza">thornbills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corvid" class="mw-redirect" title="Corvid">corvids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardalote" title="Pardalote">pardalotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyrebird" title="Lyrebird">lyrebirds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ioc-268">[268]</a> Predominant bird species in the country include the <a href="/wiki/Australian_magpie" title="Australian magpie">Australian magpie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_raven" title="Australian raven">Australian raven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pied_currawong" title="Pied currawong">pied currawong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crested_pigeon" title="Crested pigeon">crested pigeons</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Laughing_kookaburra" title="Laughing kookaburra">laughing kookaburra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-encycwild-269">[269]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Koala" title="Koala">koala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> are <a href="/wiki/National_animals" class="mw-redirect" title="National animals">national animals</a> of Australia,<a href="#cite_note-CoatArms-270">[270]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a> is also one of the well-known animals in the country.<a href="#cite_note-tassie-271">[271]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Goanna" title="Goanna">goanna</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Predatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Predatory">predatory</a> lizard native to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian mainland">Australian mainland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dangerc-272">[272]</a> The birds of New Zealand evolved into an avifauna that included a large number of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species. As an island archipelago New Zealand accumulated bird diversity and when Captain James Cook arrived in the 1770s he noted that the <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">bird song</a> was deafening. The mix includes species with unusual biology such as the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81p%C5%8D" title="Kākāpō">kākāpō</a> which is the world's only flightless, nocturnal, <a href="/wiki/Lek_mating" title="Lek mating">lek-breeding</a> parrot, but also many species that are similar to neighbouring land areas. Some of the more well known and distinctive bird species in New Zealand are the <a href="/wiki/Kiwi_(bird)" title="Kiwi (bird)">kiwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kea" title="Kea">kea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takah%C4%93" title="Takahē">takahē</a>, Kākāpō, <a href="/wiki/Yellowhead_(bird)" title="Yellowhead (bird)">mohua</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C5%AB%C4%AB" title="Tūī">tūī</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_bellbird" title="New Zealand bellbird">bellbird</a>.<a href="#cite_note-assemb152-273">[273]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tuatara" title="Tuatara">tuatara</a> is a notable <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptile</a> endemic to New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-vicvag32-274">[274]</a> Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Wallacea, and the islands of the Pacific Ocean collectively possess 42% of the world's <a href="/wiki/Parrot" title="Parrot">parrot</a> species, including half of all <a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered" title="Critically Endangered">Critically Endangered</a> parrots, many of which are <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> to the region.<a href="#cite_note-Olah2018-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Australia" title="Climate of Australia">Climate of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_Zealand" title="Climate of New Zealand">Climate of New Zealand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hawaii" title="Climate of Hawaii">Climate of Hawaii</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Church,_Dunedin,_NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/220px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/330px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg/440px-First_Church%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="3253" /></a><figcaption>August 2011 winter's snowfall in <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a></figcaption></figure> The Pacific Islands are ruled by a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a>. In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o_Southern_Oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño Southern Oscillation">El Niño Southern Oscillation</a> (ENSO) affects weather conditions.<a href="#cite_note-noaagov-276">[276]</a> In the tropical western Pacific, the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> and the related <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass.<a href="#cite_note-allenp2009-277">[277]</a> November is the only month in which all the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_basins" title="Tropical cyclone basins">tropical cyclone basins</a> are active.<a href="#cite_note-AOML_FAQ_G1-278">[278]</a> To the southwest of the region, in the Australian landmass, the climate is mostly desert or <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a>, with the southern coastal corners having a <a href="/wiki/Temperateness" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperateness">temperate</a> climate, such as <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid subtropical">humid subtropical</a> climate in the east coast and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> in the west. The northern parts of the country have a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">tropical climate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-climatea-279">[279]</a> Snow falls frequently on the highlands near the east coast, in the states of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-precip376-280">[280]</a> Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. Conditions vary from extremely wet on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast, New Zealand">West Coast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> to almost <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago" title="Central Otago">Central Otago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Auckland_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="North Auckland Peninsula">Northland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-enviclim-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-niwaco-282">[282]</a> Snow falls in New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> and at higher altitudes in the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>. It is extremely rare at sea level in the North Island.<a href="#cite_note-tele141116-283">[283]</a> Hawaii, although being in the <a href="/wiki/Tropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropic">tropics</a>, experiences many different climates, depending on latitude and its geography. The <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">island of Hawaii</a> for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as 10,430 km2 (4,028 sq mi) according to the Köppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April).<a href="#cite_note-loveb20120703-284">[284]</a> A few islands in the northwest, such as <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, are susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a> in the wet season.<a href="#cite_note-pubaff042700-285">[285]</a> The highest recorded temperature in Oceania occurred in <a href="/wiki/Oodnadatta" title="Oodnadatta">Oodnadatta</a>, South Australia (2 January 1960), where the temperature reached 50.7 °C (123.3 °F).<a href="#cite_note-bomgovdai-286">[286]</a> The lowest temperature ever recorded in Oceania was −25.6 °C (−14.1 °F), at <a href="/wiki/Ranfurly,_New_Zealand" title="Ranfurly, New Zealand">Ranfurly</a> in Otago in 1903, with a more recent temperature of −21.6 °C (−6.9 °F) recorded in 1995 in nearby <a href="/wiki/Ophir,_New_Zealand" title="Ophir, New Zealand">Ophir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-herald120611-287">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pohnpei" title="Pohnpei">Pohnpei</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Senyavin_Islands" title="Senyavin Islands">Senyavin Islands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding 7,600 mm (300 in) each year in certain mountainous locations.<a href="#cite_note-werigu-288">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_Bog,_Maui" title="Big Bog, Maui">The Big Bog</a> on the island of Maui is the wettest place, receiving an average 10,271 mm (404.4 in) each year.<a href="#cite_note-matology105-289">[289]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Köppen climate classification of selected regions in Oceania</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/179px-Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/269px-Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/359px-Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1404" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Australia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png/179px-Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png" decoding="async" width="179" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png/268px-Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png/358px-Hawaii_K%C3%B6ppen.png 2x" data-file-width="6600" data-file-height="7381" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hawaii</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png/113px-New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png/170px-New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png/226px-New_Zealand_K%C3%B6ppen.png 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="9000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Zealand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/220px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/330px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/440px-Papua_New_Guinea_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1445" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Papua New Guinea</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australasia and adjacent islands"><img alt="Australasia and adjacent islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/200px-Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/300px-Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg/400px-Oceania_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1900" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Australasia and adjacent islands</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oceania" title="Demographics of Oceania">Demographics of Oceania</a></div> The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. The countries and territories in this table are categorised according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations. The information shown follows sources in cross-referenced articles; where sources differ, provisos have been clearly indicated. These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #aaa; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th style="line-height:95%; width:4em" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">Arms</a> </th> <th style="line-height:95%; width:2em" class="unsortable">Flag </th> <th>Name of region, followed by countries<a href="#cite_note-region-290">[290]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">Area</a> (km2) </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2">[2]</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">Population density</a> (per km2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">ISO 3166-1</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a><a href="#cite_note-Australasia-291">[291]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/20px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/30px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="475" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands"><img alt="Ashmore and Cartier Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a> (Australia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/20px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/30px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="475" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,686,850 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,921,089 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> </td> <td>AU </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/20px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/30px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="475" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island"><img alt="Christmas Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Christmas_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> (Australia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">135 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,692 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a> </td> <td>CX </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/20px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/30px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="475" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands"><img alt="Cocos (Keeling) Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cocos_%28Keeling%29_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> (Australia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">593 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a> </td> <td>CC </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/20px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/30px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg/40px-Shield_of_arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="475" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands"><img alt="Coral Sea Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a> (Australia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/20px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="299" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a><a href="#cite_note-nzpol-292">[292]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">268,680 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,129,727 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> </td> <td>NZ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island"><img alt="Norfolk Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg/20px-Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg/30px-Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg/40px-Insigne_Insulae_Norfolciae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="411" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island"><img alt="Norfolk Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg/46px-Flag_of_Norfolk_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="460" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> (Australia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,302 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">65.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Norfolk_Island" title="Kingston, Norfolk Island">Kingston</a> </td> <td>NF </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td>Australasia (total) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,955,923 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,645,874 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a><a href="#cite_note-Melanesia-293">[293]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Fiji.svg/20px-Arms_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Fiji.svg/30px-Arms_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Arms_of_Fiji.svg/40px-Arms_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="207" data-file-height="262" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,270 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">924,610 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a> </td> <td>FJ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg/20px-Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg/30px-Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg/40px-Emblem_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="839" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia"><img alt="New Caledonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/43px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/64px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg/86px-Flags_of_New_Caledonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="308" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> (France) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,060 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">287,800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a> </td> <td>NC </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png/20px-Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png/30px-Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png/40px-Lambang_Papua_Tengah.png 2x" data-file-width="5761" data-file-height="7969" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a> (Indonesia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61,073 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,431,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23 </td> <td>Wanggar, <a href="/wiki/Nabire_Regency" title="Nabire Regency">Nabire Regency</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg/20px-Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg/30px-Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg/40px-Lambang_Papua_Pegunungan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="902" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a> (Indonesia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,213 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,430,500 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td>Walesi, <a href="/wiki/Jayawijaya_Regency" title="Jayawijaya Regency">Jayawijaya Regency</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)"><img alt="Papua (province)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Papua_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="742" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a> (Indonesia)<a href="#cite_note-note000-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-papauto-295">[295]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,681 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,035,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png/20px-Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png/30px-Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png/40px-Lambang_Papua_Selatan.png 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1014" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a> (Indonesia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">117,849 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">522,200 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salor_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salor (city)">Salor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merauke_Regency" title="Merauke Regency">Merauke Regency</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png/20px-Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png/30px-Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png/40px-Logo_Papua_Barat_Daya1.png 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1265" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a> (Indonesia) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,123 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">621,904 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorong" title="Sorong">Sorong</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)"><img alt="West Papua (province)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_West_Papua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="521" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a> (Indonesia)<a href="#cite_note-note111-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-rnzi07-297">[297]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,275 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">561,403 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manokwari" title="Manokwari">Manokwari</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/30px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/45px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/60px-National_emblem_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="580" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea"><img alt="Papua New Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a><a href="#cite_note-pngaus-298">[298]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">462,840 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,949,437 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a> </td> <td>PG </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg/20px-Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg/30px-Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg/40px-Insigne_Insularum_Salomonis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="367" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands"><img alt="Solomon Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28,450 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">707,851 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honiara" title="Honiara">Honiara</a> </td> <td>SB </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="643" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,200 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">319,137 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a> </td> <td>VU </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td>Melanesia (total) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000,231 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,373,536 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/25px-Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/38px-Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/50px-Seal_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="579" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">702 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">113,131 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">149.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palikir" title="Palikir">Palikir</a> </td> <td>FM </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Guam.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/20px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/30px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Seal_of_Guam.svg/40px-Seal_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="252" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam"><img alt="Guam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">549 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">170,534 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">296.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a> </td> <td>GU </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Insigne_Kiribatum.svg/20px-Insigne_Kiribatum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Insigne_Kiribatum.svg/30px-Insigne_Kiribatum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Insigne_Kiribatum.svg/40px-Insigne_Kiribatum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="381" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">811 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,874 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">141.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a> </td> <td>KI </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="294" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands"><img alt="Marshall Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">181 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42,050 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">293.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a> </td> <td>MH </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Insigne_Naurunum.svg/20px-Insigne_Naurunum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Insigne_Naurunum.svg/30px-Insigne_Naurunum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Insigne_Naurunum.svg/40px-Insigne_Naurunum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="368" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,511 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">540.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a> (de facto) </td> <td>NR </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/20px-Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/30px-Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/40px-Seal_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands"><img alt="Northern Mariana Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">477 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,481 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">115.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a> </td> <td>MP </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau"><img alt="Palau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">458 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,024 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngerulmud" title="Ngerulmud">Ngerulmud</a><a href="#cite_note-Palau-299">[299]</a> </td> <td>PW </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="573" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island"><img alt="Wake Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wake_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">150 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> </td> <td>UM </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td>Micronesia (total) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,307 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">526,343 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">163.5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:#eee; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/20px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/30px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg/40px-Seal_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="376" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa"><img alt="American Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45,035 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">279.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a><a href="#cite_note-ASamoa-300">[300]</a> </td> <td>AS </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg/20px-Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg/30px-Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg/40px-Insigne_Insularum_de_Cook.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="364" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands"><img alt="Cook Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cook_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">240 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,003 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a> </td> <td>CK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island"><img alt="Easter Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg/20px-Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg/30px-Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Easter_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="645" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island"><img alt="Easter Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/46px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> (Chile) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">164 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,761 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanga_Roa" title="Hanga Roa">Hanga Roa</a> </td> <td>CL </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia"><img alt="French Polynesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1872" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia"><img alt="French Polynesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> (France) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,167 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">304,032 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">67.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Papeete" title="Papeete">Papeete</a> </td> <td>PF </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Havaii.svg/20px-Insigne_Havaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Havaii.svg/30px-Insigne_Havaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Insigne_Havaii.svg/40px-Insigne_Havaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="369" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16,636 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,360,301 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">81.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> </td> <td>US </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="573" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll"><img alt="Johnston Atoll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">276.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> </td> <td>UM </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="573" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll"><img alt="Midway Atoll" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> (United States) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a> </td> <td>UM </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"><img alt="New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/20px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/30px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg/40px-Arms_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="299" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue"><img alt="Niue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Niue.svg/46px-Flag_of_Niue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">260 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,937 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alofi" title="Alofi">Alofi</a> </td> <td>NU </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands"><img alt="Pitcairn Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg/20px-Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg/30px-Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg/40px-Insigne_Insularum_Pitcairn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="412" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands"><img alt="Pitcairn Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a> (United Kingdom) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Island">Adamstown</a> </td> <td>PN </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Insigne_Samoae.svg/20px-Insigne_Samoae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Insigne_Samoae.svg/30px-Insigne_Samoae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Insigne_Samoae.svg/40px-Insigne_Samoae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="326" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,944 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">218,764 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">66.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a> </td> <td>WS </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_Tokelau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Badge_of_Tokelau.svg/20px-Badge_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Badge_of_Tokelau.svg/30px-Badge_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Badge_of_Tokelau.svg/40px-Badge_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="520" /></a></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau"><img alt="Tokelau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Tokelau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tokelau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a> (New Zealand) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,849 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">128.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Atafu" title="Atafu">Atafu</a> (de facto) </td> <td>TK </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Insigne_Tongae.svg/20px-Insigne_Tongae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Insigne_Tongae.svg/30px-Insigne_Tongae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Insigne_Tongae.svg/40px-Insigne_Tongae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="272" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga"><img alt="Tonga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">748 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">106,017 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">143.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuku%CA%BBalofa" title="Nukuʻalofa">Nukuʻalofa</a> </td> <td>TO </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Tuvalum.svg/20px-Insigne_Tuvalum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Tuvalum.svg/30px-Insigne_Tuvalum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Insigne_Tuvalum.svg/40px-Insigne_Tuvalum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="380" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu"><img alt="Tuvalu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tuvalu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,204 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">426.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a> </td> <td>TV </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg/20px-BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg/30px-BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg/40px-BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="537" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna"><img alt="Wallis and Futuna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wallis_and_Futuna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> (France) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">274 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,627 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mata-Utu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata-Utu">Mata-Utu</a> </td> <td>WF </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td>Polynesia (total) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,715 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,047,444 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">79.6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total </th> <th style="text-align:right;">8,919,530 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">50,099,312 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">5.1 </th> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total minus mainland Australia </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1,232,680 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">24,178,223 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">16.6 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_city_for_regions">Largest city for regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Largest city for regions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> (metro, urban or proper largest city: <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> (metro, urban or proper largest city: <a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> (metro, urban or proper largest city: <a href="/wiki/Tarawa" title="Tarawa">Tarawa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> (metro, urban or proper largest city: <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_by_metropolitan_area">Cities by metropolitan area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cities by metropolitan area">edit</a>]</div> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray; background: #f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest population centres of Oceania <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a>June 2024 estimate (<abbr title="Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018)">SSGA18</abbr> boundaries)<a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-303">[303]</a> <a href="#cite_note-USCB-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>City name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Country</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>City name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Country</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg/120px-Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg/180px-Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg/240px-Sydney_Opera_house_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_(in_2024)_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg/120px-Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg/180px-Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg/240px-Melbourne_CBD_and_Ceremonial_Avenue_%28in_2024%29_as_seen_from_the_rooftop_of_Shrine_of_Remembrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">5,131,326</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">11</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">435,019 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive,_in_March_2019,_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg/120px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg/180px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg/240px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_the_top_of_135_Coronation_Drive%2C_in_March_2019%2C_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium,_March_2021_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg/120px-Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg/180px-Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg/240px-Skyline_of_Perth_seen_from_Perth_Stadium%2C_March_2021_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">5,031,195</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">12</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Jayapura</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td align="">410,852 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">2,408,223</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">13</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></td> <td align="">402,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">2,043,138</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">14</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="">403,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="">1,531,400</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">15</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast, Queensland</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">317,404 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">1,333,927</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">16</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Wollongong" title="Wollongong">Wollongong</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">295,669 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td align="">953,207</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">17</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sorong" title="Sorong">Sorong</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td align="">294,978 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast, Queensland</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">646,983</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">18</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">224,462 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="">497,200<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">19</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">196,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle, New South Wales</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="">436,171</td> <td align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;">20</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_New_Zealand" title="Hamilton, New Zealand">Hamilton, New Zealand</a></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td align="">192,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church,_Amberley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg/220px-Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg/330px-Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg/440px-Holy_Innocent%27s_Anglican_Church%2C_Amberley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1542" /></a><figcaption>Holy's Innocent Anglican Church in <a href="/wiki/Amberley,_New_Zealand" title="Amberley, New Zealand">Amberley, New Zealand</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saione.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saione.jpg/220px-Saione.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saione.jpg/330px-Saione.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Saione.jpg/440px-Saione.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Saione, the church of the King, a <a href="/wiki/Free_Wesleyan_Church_of_Tonga" title="Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga">Free Wesleyan Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolomotu%CA%BBa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolomotuʻa">Kolomotuʻa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>. Especially British and American missionaries brought various Protestant denominations to Oceania.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg/220px-Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg/330px-Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg/440px-Nadi_Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sri_Siva_Subramaniya_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Siva Subramaniya temple">Sri Siva Subramaniya temple</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></figcaption></figure> The predominant religion in Oceania is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (73%).<a href="#cite_note-Christianity_in_Oceania-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_Dept_of_State_Background_Notes-308">[308]</a> A 2011 survey found that 92% in <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Christianity_in_Oceania-307">[307]</a> 93% in <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a><a href="#cite_note-Christianity_in_Oceania-307">[307]</a> and 96% in <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> described themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Christianity_in_Oceania-307">[307]</a> Traditional religions are often <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animist</a>, and prevalent among traditional tribes is the belief in spirits (masalai in <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>) representing natural forces.<a href="#cite_note-Anthropology-Cowan-Messengers_of_the_Gods-309">[309]</a> In the 2018 census, 37% of New Zealanders affiliated themselves with Christianity and 48% declared no religion.<a href="#cite_note-quickstats-310">[310]</a> In the 2016 Census, 52% of the Australian population declared some variety of Christianity and 30% stated "no religion".<a href="#cite_note-reflect-311">[311]</a> In recent Australian and New Zealand censuses, large proportions of the population say they belong to "<a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a>" (which includes <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnosticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">deism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">secular humanism</a>). In <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, everyday life is heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian</a> traditions and especially by the Christian faith. The <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia.<a href="#cite_note-mosque2011-312">[312]</a> Another one in <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a> belongs to the same sect. The <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_House_of_Worship" title="Baháʼí House of Worship">Baháʼí House of Worship</a> in Tiapapata, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, is one of seven designations administered in the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is a minority faith in Oceania. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Fiji" title="Hinduism in Fiji">Fiji</a> has the highest percentage of Hindus in Oceania at 29.7% <a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In absolute numbers, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Australia" title="Hinduism in Australia">Australia</a> has the largest population of Hindus in Oceania constituting 2.7% of the country's population.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, Hindus form 2.65% of the population of.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Samoa" title="Hinduism in Samoa">Samoa</a> also has a significant Hindu population.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> Other religions in the region include <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, which are prominent <a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">minority religions</a> in Australia and New Zealand. <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> are also present. Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a> was the first Australian-born <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General of Australia">Governor General of Australia</a> and was the first Jewish vice-regal representative in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Philip Movement">Prince Philip Movement</a> is followed around <a href="/wiki/Yaohnanen" title="Yaohnanen">Yaohnanen</a> village on the southern island of <a href="/wiki/Tanna_(island)" title="Tanna (island)">Tanna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div> Native languages of Oceania fall into three major geographic groups: <ul><li>The large <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a>, with such languages as <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (Indonesian), and <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gilbertese_language" title="Gilbertese language">Gilbertese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fijian_language" title="Fijian language">Fijian</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiʻian</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian languages">Aboriginal Australian languages</a>, including the large <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pama–Nyungan">Pama–Nyungan</a> family</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Papuan_languages" title="Papuan languages">Papuan languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> and neighbouring islands, including the large <a href="/wiki/Trans%E2%80%93New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans–New Guinea">Trans–New Guinea</a> family</li></ul> Immigrants brought their own languages to the region.<a href="#cite_note-absgov20120621-320">[320]</a> Common non-indigenous languages include <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and many other territories; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a>; Japanese in the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>;<a href="#cite_note-realm-62">[62]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> on <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-realm-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-ling-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> There are also <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creoles</a> formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bislama" title="Bislama">Bislama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chavacano" title="Chavacano">Chavacano</a>, various <a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay trade and creole languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Pidgin" title="Hawaiian Pidgin">Hawaiian Pidgin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfuk">Norfuk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pitkern" title="Pitkern">Pitkern</a>. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as <a href="/wiki/Maisin_language" title="Maisin language">Maisin</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Post-war_immigration_to_Australia" title="Post-war immigration to Australia">Post-war immigration to Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">Immigration to Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_New_Zealand" title="Immigration to New Zealand">Immigration to New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugees in Australia">Refugees in Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_New_Zealand" title="Refugees in New Zealand">Refugees in New Zealand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kanaka_(Pacific_Island_worker)" title="Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)">Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg/220px-Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg/330px-Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg/440px-Dutch_Migrant_1954_MariaScholte%3D50000thToAustraliaPostWW2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Australians" title="Dutch Australians">Dutch</a> immigrants arriving in Australia (1954)</figcaption></figure> The most multicultural areas in Oceania, which have a <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">high degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a>, are Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. From the late 1970s, there was a significant increase in immigration from Asian and other non-European countries, making Australia a <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Australia" title="Multiculturalism in Australia">multicultural country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bureau181126-322">[322]</a> Sydney is the most <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40% of residents speaking a <a href="/wiki/Languages_Other_Than_English" title="Languages Other Than English">language other than English</a> at home.<a href="#cite_note-herald231114-323">[323]</a> Furthermore, 36 percent of the population reported having been <a href="/wiki/Foreign_born" title="Foreign born">born overseas</a>, with top countries being Italy, Lebanon, Vietnam and Iraq, among others.<a href="#cite_note-TheAus-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-Population,_dwellings,_and_ethnicity-325">[325]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> is also fairly multicultural, having the largest <a href="/wiki/Greek_community_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek community of Melbourne">Greek-speaking</a> population outside of Europe,<a href="#cite_note-oecd5024-326">[326]</a> and the second largest <a href="/wiki/Asian_Australians" title="Asian Australians">Asian</a> population in Australia after Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-indiandir-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-srilandir-328">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-yarra062408-329">[329]</a> European migration to New Zealand provided a major influx following the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Treaty of Waitangi">Treaty of Waitangi</a> in 1840. Subsequent immigration has been chiefly from the British Isles, but also from continental Europe, the Pacific, The Americas and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-parlnz1840-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-immireg-331">[331]</a> <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a> is home to over half (51.6 percent) of New Zealand's overseas born population, including 72 percent of the country's Pacific Island-born population, 64 percent of its <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Asian</a>-born population, and 56 percent of its <a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern people">Middle Eastern</a> and African born population.<a href="#cite_note-2013census-332">[332]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/220px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/330px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg/440px-Portuguese_immigrant_family_in_Hawaii_during_the_19th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Many <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a> immigrants in Hawaii were <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azorean</a> or <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeiran</a>.</figcaption></figure> Hawaii is a <a href="/wiki/Majority-minority_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority-minority state">majority-minority state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reuter013113-333">[333]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> workers on Western trading ships settled in Hawaii starting in 1789. In 1820, the first American missionaries arrived to preach Christianity and teach the Hawaiians Western ways.<a href="#cite_note-Charles_Williams-334">[334]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit">[update]</a>, a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry – especially <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">Filipino</a>, Japanese, <a href="/wiki/Korean_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Korean immigration to Hawaii">Korean</a> and Chinese. Many are descendants of immigrants brought to work on the sugarcane plantations in the mid-to-late 19th century. Almost 13,000 <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> immigrants had arrived by 1899; they also worked on the <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> plantations.<a href="#cite_note-Hoffman-335">[335]</a> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii">Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii</a> began in 1899 when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes, causing a worldwide shortage of sugar and a huge demand for sugar from Hawaii.<a href="#cite_note-ricandias-336">[336]</a> Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Solution" title="Pacific Solution">Pacific Solution</a> policy transferred <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers">asylum seekers</a> to several Pacific nations, including the <a href="/wiki/Nauru_detention_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauru detention centre">Nauru detention centre</a>. Australia, New Zealand, and other nations took part in the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Assistance_Mission_to_Solomon_Islands" title="Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands">Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands</a> between 2003 and 2017 after a request for aid.<a href="#cite_note-bat-337">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeogenetics">Archaeogenetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Archaeogenetics">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, and existing <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetic studies</a> indicate that Oceania was settled by two major waves of migration. The first migration of <a href="/wiki/Australo-Melanesians" class="mw-redirect" title="Australo-Melanesians">Australo-Melanesians</a> took place <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, <a href="/wiki/Papuan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Papuan people">Papuans</a>, colonised much of <a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a>. Approximately 3.5 thousand years ago, a second expansion of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> speakers arrived in Near Oceania, and the descendants of these people spread to the far corners of the Pacific, colonising <a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.014-338">[338]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a> (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian expansion</a> and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. With regards to Papuan influence, autochthonous <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup" title="Haplogroup">haplogroups</a> support the hypothesis of a long history in Near Oceania, with some lineages suggesting a time depth of 60 thousand years. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz</a>, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin.<a href="#cite_note-doi10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.014-338">[338]</a> Large areas of <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> are unexplored by scientists and <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologists</a> due to extensive <a href="/wiki/Forestation" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestation">forestation</a> and mountainous terrain. Known indigenous tribes in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> have very little contact with local authorities aside from the authorities knowing who they are. Many remain <a href="/wiki/Preliterate" class="mw-redirect" title="Preliterate">preliterate</a> and, at the national or international level, the names of tribes and information about them is extremely hard to obtain. The <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a> on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 <a href="/wiki/Uncontacted_peoples" title="Uncontacted peoples">uncontacted tribal groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-survival-339">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oceania" title="Economy of Oceania">Economy of Oceania</a></div>The linked map below shows the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zones</a> (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are few land boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific at this scale).<div class="center"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 750px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:EEZ_Oceania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EEZ_Oceania.svg/750px-EEZ_Oceania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="750" height="419" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EEZ_Oceania.svg/1125px-EEZ_Oceania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EEZ_Oceania.svg/1500px-EEZ_Oceania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="215" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:262px"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:345px; top:325px"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:399px; top:343px"><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:480px; top:59.5px"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:326.1px; top:73px"><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:120.25px"><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:183px; top:131.5px"><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:237px; top:172px"><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:700.5px; top:262px"><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:534px; top:226px"><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:462px; top:217px"><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:309px; top:241.75px"><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:383.25px; top:235px"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:378.75px; top:190px"><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:154px"><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:412.5px; top:174.25px"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:495.75px; top:169.75px"><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:304.5px; top:194.5px"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:417px; top:194.5px"><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318px; top:104.5px"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:324.75px; top:158.5px"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:333.75px; top:226px"><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:408px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:612.75px; top:257.5px"><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234.75px; top:100px"><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.5px; top:282.25px"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:230.25px; top:73px"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Marianas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:417px; top:210.25px"><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:444px; top:219.25px"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">AS</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:403.5px; top:214.75px"><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">WF</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:437.25px; top:241.75px"><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:21px; top:208px"><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:57px; top:205.75px"><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:160.5px; top:32.5px"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:19px"><a href="/wiki/Izu_Islands" title="Izu Islands">Izu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:37px"><a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:55px"><a href="/wiki/Volcano_Islands" title="Volcano Islands">Volcano</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:183px; top:64px"><a href="/wiki/Okinotorishima" title="Okinotorishima">Okinotori shima</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:268.5px; top:52.75px"><a href="/wiki/Minamitorishima" title="Minamitorishima">Minamitori shima</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:399px; top:32.5px"><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:423.3px; top:77.5px"><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:682.5px; top:104.5px"><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:669px; top:73px"><a href="/wiki/Socorro_Island" title="Socorro Island">Socorro</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:401.25px; top:147.25px"><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:401.25px; top:160.75px"><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:464.25px; top:115.75px"><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:464.25px; top:129.25px"><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:468.3px; top:154px"><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:255px; top:230.5px"><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:297.75px; top:291.25px"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island" title="Lord Howe Island">Lord Howe</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:390px; top:289px"><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:381px; top:361px"><a href="/wiki/Bounty_Islands" title="Bounty Islands">Bounties</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.5px; top:302.5px"><a href="/wiki/Three_Kings_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kings Islands">Three Kings</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:381px; top:374.5px"><a href="/wiki/Antipodes_Islands" title="Antipodes Islands">Antipodes</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:322.5px; top:376.3px"><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Aucklands</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:322.5px; top:356.5px"><a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:322.5px; top:366.4px"><a href="/wiki/Snares_Islands_/_Tini_Heke" class="mw-redirect" title="Snares Islands / Tini Heke">Snares</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:336px; top:388px"><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Island_/_Motu_Ihupuku" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku">Campbell</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:129px; top:214.75px"><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore & Cartier</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:277.5px; top:396.1px"><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:88.5px; top:181px"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:131.25px; top:104.5px"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:88.5px; top:145px"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:102px; top:129.25px"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">BN</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:117.75px; top:133.75px"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:156px; top:163.9px"><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:203.25px; top:169.75px"><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:156px; top:190px"><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:93px; top:86.5px"><a href="/wiki/Paracel_Islands" title="Paracel Islands">Paracels</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:95.25px; top:109px"><a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist">This template: <ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_Labelled_Map" title="Template:Oceania Labelled Map">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_Labelled_Map" title="Template talk:Oceania Labelled Map">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_Labelled_Map" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania Labelled Map">edit</a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_2">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg/220px-Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg/330px-Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg/440px-Sydney_skyline_from_Waverton_Balls_head_reserve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7008" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Skyline_of_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyline of Sydney">skyline of Sydney</a></figcaption></figure> Australia and New Zealand are the only highly <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed</a> independent nations in the region, although the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">economy of Australia</a> is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. New Caledonia, Hawaiʻi, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> states. Australia's per-capita GDP is <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">higher</a> than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unstat228-340">[340]</a> New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade.<a href="#cite_note-stand260511-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-guard150411-342">[342]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Australian Securities Exchange</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_Oceania" title="List of stock exchanges in Oceania">stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific</a>.<a href="#cite_note-if5com200514-343">[343]</a> In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP-adjusted</a> GDP.<a href="#cite_note-rbagov200514-344">[344]</a> Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_living" class="mw-redirect" title="Quality of living">quality of living</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mercer.com-345">[345]</a> making it one of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_most_livable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's most livable cities">most livable cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mercer2014-346">[346]</a> It is classified as an Alpha <a href="/wiki/World_City" class="mw-redirect" title="World City">World City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">GaWC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-accgawc-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-urbanst-348">[348]</a> <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> also ranked highly in the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Most_Livable_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Most Livable Cities">world's most liveable city</a> list,<a href="#cite_note-melb181-349">[349]</a> and is a leading <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">financial centre</a> in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asia%E2%80%93acific&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asia–acific (page does not exist)">Asia–acific</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-longfi041213-350">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-citindex-351">[351]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point,_Auckland_-_0365.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg/220px-Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg/330px-Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg/440px-Night_view_of_the_lit_city_of_Auckland_from_Northcote_Point%2C_Auckland_-_0365.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4358" data-file-height="2490" /></a><figcaption>Auckland's <a href="/wiki/Auckland_CBD" title="Auckland CBD">central business district</a> at night</figcaption></figure> The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">producing cars</a>, electrical equipment, machinery and <a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">clothes</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">Economy of New Zealand</a></div> New Zealand's <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Zealand" title="Economy of New Zealand">economy</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">53rd</a>-largest in the world measured by <a href="/wiki/Nominal_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal gross domestic product">nominal gross domestic product</a> (GDP) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">68th</a>-largest in the world measured by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> (PPP). A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>. Auckland and <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a> are frequently ranked among the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_most_liveable_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="World's most liveable cities">world's most liveable cities</a>, with Auckland being ranked <a href="/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking" title="Global Liveability Ranking">first in the world</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Global_Liveability_Ranking" title="Global Liveability Ranking">Global Liveability Ranking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-businrank-353">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-mercer190214-354">[354]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> has a large GDP for its population of 5.2 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. The country has one of the most <a href="/wiki/Globalised" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalised">globalised</a> economies and depends greatly on international trade – mainly with <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. New Zealand's 1983 <a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Closer Economic Relations</a> agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">that of Australia</a>. In 2005, the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-SALE-355">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-IHT-356">[356]</a> The economy diversified and by 2008, tourism had become the single biggest generator of foreign exchange.<a href="#cite_note-diversify-357">[357]</a> The New Zealand dollar is the 10th-most traded currency in the world.<a href="#cite_note-BIS-358">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_Islands">Pacific Islands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Pacific Islands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Fiji" title="Economy of Fiji">Economy of Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Samoa" title="Economy of Samoa">Economy of Samoa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tonga" title="Economy of Tonga">Economy of Tonga</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG/220px-Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG/330px-Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG/440px-Waikiki_view_from_Diamond_Head.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1129" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a> viewed from <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Head,_Hawaii" title="Diamond Head, Hawaii">Diamond Head</a> crater</figcaption></figure> The overwhelming majority of people living in the Pacific islands work in the service industry which includes tourism, education and financial services. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. Australia and New Zealand's trading arrangements are known as <a href="/wiki/Closer_Economic_Relations" title="Closer Economic Relations">Closer Economic Relations</a>. Australia and New Zealand, along with other countries, are members of <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC) and the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS), which may become trade blocs in the future particularly EAS. The main produce from the Pacific is <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> or <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cocoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> are also commonly grown across the <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropics</a> of the Pacific. <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a> provides a major <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industry</a> for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources" title="Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, are mined in Australia and <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States, India, South Korea and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>. Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> is one of the most developed of the Pacific island <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economies</a>, though it remains a <a href="/wiki/Developing_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing nation">developing country</a> with a large <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence agriculture</a> sector.<a href="#cite_note-ciafacfj-359">[359]</a> Agriculture accounts for 18% of <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a>, although it employed some 70% of the workforce as of 2001. <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a> exports and the growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copra" title="Copra">copra</a> are also significant. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hawahis-360">[360]</a> <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a>,<a href="#cite_note-whalinhawa-361">[361]</a> sugarcane, <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, the military, tourism and education.<a href="#cite_note-capitagdf-362">[362]</a> Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey.<a href="#cite_note-hawabee-363">[363]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit">[update]</a>, Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-MercerSurvey2015-364">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-KITVSafestCity-365">[365]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg/220px-Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg/330px-Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg/440px-Shangri-La_Fijian_Resort_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La%27s_Fijian_Resort" title="Shangri-La's Fijian Resort">Shangri-La's Fijian Resort</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism in Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism in New Zealand</a></div> Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Fiji#Tourism" title="Economy of Fiji">Fiji</a> currently attracts almost half a million tourists each year, more than a quarter of whom come from Australia. This has contributed $1 billion or more to Fiji's economy since 1995, but the Government of Fiji likely underestimates these figures due to the invisible economy inside the tourism industry. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diver" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuba diver">scuba divers</a> wishing to explore <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a> of the South Pacific region. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. The ninth season of the reality TV series <a href="/wiki/Survivor_(US_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Survivor (US TV series)">Survivor</a> was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled <a href="/wiki/Survivor:_Vanuatu" title="Survivor: Vanuatu">Survivor: Vanuatu</a> – Islands of Fire. Two years later, Australia's <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_Survivor" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrity Survivor">Celebrity Survivor</a> was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. version.<a href="#cite_note-uatustats-366">[366]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/220px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/330px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg/440px-Autumn_in_the_Dandenong_Ranges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dandenong_Ranges" title="Dandenong Ranges">Dandenong Ranges</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> are popular among tourists.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism in Australia</a> is an important component of the Australian economy. In the financial year 2014/15, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> represented 3% of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy.<a href="#cite_note-ABS1011-367">[367]</a> In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals.<a href="#cite_note-touraus181029-368">[368]</a> Popular Australian destinations include the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Harbour">Sydney Harbour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge" title="Sydney Harbour Bridge">Sydney Harbour Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Garden,_Sydney" title="Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney">Royal Botanic Garden</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theme_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme parks">theme parks</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Movie_World" title="Warner Bros. Movie World">Warner Bros. Movie World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dreamworld_(Australian_theme_park)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamworld (Australian theme park)">Dreamworld</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sea_World_(Australia)" title="Sea World (Australia)">Sea World</a>), <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem_National_Park" title="Walls of Jerusalem National Park">Walls of Jerusalem National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Field_National_Park" title="Mount Field National Park">Mount Field National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Apostles_(Victoria)" title="The Twelve Apostles (Victoria)">The Twelve Apostles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uluru" title="Uluru">Uluru</a> (Ayers Rock) and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_outback" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian outback">Australian outback</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ausnatacc-369">[369]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_Zealand" title="Tourism in New Zealand">Tourism in New Zealand</a> contributes <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a>7.3 billion (or 4%) of the country's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> in 2013, as well as directly supporting 110,800 full-time equivalent jobs (nearly 6% of New Zealand's workforce). International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). International and domestic tourism contributes, in total, NZ$24 billion to New Zealand's economy every year. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_New_Zealand" title="Tourism New Zealand">Tourism New Zealand</a>, the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-minisbusi-370">[370]</a> <a href="/wiki/Milford_Sound" title="Milford Sound">Milford Sound</a> in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination.<a href="#cite_note-SC-371">[371]</a> In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Hawaii" title="Tourism in Hawaii">visitors to the Hawaiian Islands</a> with expenditures of over $10.6 billion.<a href="#cite_note-DBEDT_2003-372">[372]</a> Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. In 2011, Hawaiʻi saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010.<a href="#cite_note-hawasafe-373">[373]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_3">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics of Australia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/168px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/252px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg/337px-Prince_Charles_in_Aotearoa_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="4007" /></a><figcaption>Charles is <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Commonwealth" title="Head of the Commonwealth">Head of the Commonwealth</a> and King of five Oceanian countries: Australia, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>.</figcaption></figure> Australia is a <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a><a href="#cite_note-ausparliwork-374">[374]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> at its apex as the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">King of Australia</a>, a role that is distinct from his position as monarch of the other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>. The King is represented in Australia by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> at the federal level and by the <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors</a> at the state level, who by convention act on the advice of his ministers.<a href="#cite_note-Davison_pp287–8-375">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-govgenaus-376">[376]</a> There are two major political groups that usually form government, federally and in the states: the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> which is a formal grouping of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party</a> and its minor partner, the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-glosselec-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-statepar-378">[378]</a> Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> and the Labor Party is considered <a href="/wiki/Centre-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a>.<a href="#cite_note-govpol2013-379">[379]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> is by far the largest military force in Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-defenceann-380">[380]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand_2">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">Politics of New Zealand</a></div> New Zealand is a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GG_constitution-381">[381]</a> although <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Zealand" title="Constitution of New Zealand">its constitution</a> is <a href="/wiki/Uncodified_constitution" title="Uncodified constitution">not codified</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Economist_factsheet-382">[382]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">King of New Zealand</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-royalt1974-383">[383]</a> The King is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Governor-General</a>, whom he appoints on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Advice (constitutional)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rolegg-384">[384]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">New Zealand Parliament</a> holds <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a> and consists of the King and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_House_of_Representatives" title="New Zealand House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-parliament_facts-385">[385]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">parliamentary general election</a> must be called no later than three years after the previous election.<a href="#cite_note-eleccyc-386">[386]</a> New Zealand is identified as one of the world's most stable and well-governed states,<a href="#cite_note-fragileind16-387">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-demoindex16-388">[388]</a> with high government transparency and among the lowest perceived levels of corruption.<a href="#cite_note-transpint201116-389">[389]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pacific_Islands_2">Pacific Islands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Pacific Islands">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (October 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG/250px-Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG/375px-Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG/500px-Samoa_government_building_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1093" /></a><figcaption>Government building in the Samoan capital <a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a> housing administrative ministerial offices</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Samoa" title="Politics of Samoa">Samoan politics</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Samoa" title="Prime Minister of Samoa">Prime Minister of Samoa</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Samoa" title="Constitution of Samoa">1960 constitution</a>, which formally came into force with independence from New Zealand in 1962, builds on the British pattern of <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary democracy">parliamentary democracy</a>, modified to take account of Samoan customs. The national government (malo) generally controls the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Samoa" title="Legislative Assembly of Samoa">legislative assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-backnotes-390">[390]</a> <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tonga" title="Politics of Tonga">Politics of Tonga</a> takes place in a framework of a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, whereby the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Tonga">King of Tonga</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fiji" title="Politics of Fiji">Fiji</a> has a multiparty system with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime Minister of Fiji</a> as head of government. The <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the government and the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Fiji" title="Parliament of Fiji">Parliament of Fiji</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State of Fiji">Head of State</a> is the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Fiji" title="President of Fiji">President</a>. He is elected by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Fiji" title="Parliament of Fiji">Parliament of Fiji</a> after nomination by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime Minister</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, for a three-year term. In the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Politics of Papua New Guinea">politics of Papua New Guinea</a> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of the Papua New Guinea">Prime Minister</a> is the head of government, and the head of state is <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">the monarch of the United Kingdom</a>, represented by a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Governor-General</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kiribati" title="Politics of Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary regime</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kiribati" title="President of Kiribati">President of Kiribati</a> is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Caledonia" title="Politics of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> remains an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republic">French Republic</a>. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are <a href="/wiki/French_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="French citizen">French citizens</a> and carry French passports. They take part in the legislative and presidential French elections. New Caledonia sends two representatives to the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> and two senators to the <a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">French Senate</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hawaii" title="Politics of Hawaii">Hawaii</a> is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. As codified in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hawaii" title="Constitution of Hawaii">Hawaiian Constitution</a>, there are three <a href="/wiki/Branches_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of government">branches of government</a>: executive, legislative and judicial. The governor is elected statewide. The lieutenant governor acts as the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State of Hawaii">Secretary of State</a>. The governor and lieutenant governor oversee twenty agencies and departments from offices in the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Capitol" title="Hawaii State Capitol">State Capitol</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_4">Australia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Australia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Australia" title="Culture of Australia">Culture of Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Australia">Cuisine of Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House,_botanic_gardens_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg/220px-Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg/330px-Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg/440px-Sydney_Opera_House%2C_botanic_gardens_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2233" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption>On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House became a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-operawin-391">[391]</a></figcaption></figure> Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>, with some <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a> influences.<a href="#cite_note-jupp769-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-twhite118-393">[393]</a> The divergence and evolution that has occurred in the ensuing centuries has resulted in a distinctive Australian culture.<a href="#cite_note-Davison_pp98–9-394">[394]</a><a href="#cite_note-twhite125-395">[395]</a> Since the mid-20th century, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">American popular culture</a> has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema.<a href="#cite_note-tw-396">[396]</a> Other cultural influences come from neighbouring Asian countries, and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations.<a href="#cite_note-tw-396">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-jupp74-397">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Kelly_Gang" title="The Story of the Kelly Gang">The Story of the Kelly Gang</a> (1906), the world's first <a href="/wiki/Feature_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Feature length">feature length</a> film, spurred a boom in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australian cinema</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-kellyg07-398">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-wavefilm-399">[399]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Museum" title="Australian Museum">Australian Museum</a> in Sydney and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Victoria" title="National Gallery of Victoria">National Gallery of Victoria</a> in Melbourne are the oldest and <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_art_museums" title="List of largest art museums">largest</a> <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a> in Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-ausmuseum-400">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-VHR-401">[401]</a> The city's <a href="/wiki/Sydney_New_Year%27s_Eve" title="Sydney New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> celebrations are the largest in Oceania.<a href="#cite_note-auseve2013-402">[402]</a> Australia is also known for its <a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">cafe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">coffee culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban centres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abcnet160511-403">[403]</a> Australia and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> were responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Flat_white" title="Flat white">flat white</a> coffee. Most Indigenous Australian tribal groups subsisted on a simple <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter-gatherer diet">hunter-gatherer diet</a> of native fauna and flora, otherwise called <a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">bush tucker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bushtpb-404">[404]</a> The first settlers introduced <a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">British food</a> to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sunday_roast" title="Sunday roast">Sunday roast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-food-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-f2-406">[406]</a> Multicultural immigration transformed Australian cuisine; post-World War II European migrants, particularly from the Mediterranean, helped to build a thriving Australian <a href="/wiki/Coffee_culture" title="Coffee culture">coffee culture</a>, and the influence of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Asian cultures</a> has led to Australian variants of their staple foods, such as the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Dim_sim" title="Dim sim">dim sim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chiko_Roll" title="Chiko Roll">Chiko Roll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kangcww1999-407">[407]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iolani_Palace_(1328).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG/220px-Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG/330px-Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG/440px-Iolani_Palace_%281328%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/%CA%BBIolani_Palace" title="ʻIolani Palace">ʻIolani Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was restored and opened to the public as a museum in 1978.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Hawaii">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Hawaii">Culture of Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">Cuisine of Hawaii</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian religion</a></div> The music of Hawaii includes traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>. Hawaii's musical contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">music of the United States</a> are out of proportion to the state's small size. Styles such as <a href="/wiki/Slack-key_guitar" title="Slack-key guitar">slack-key guitar</a> are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> soundtracks. Hawaii also made a major contribution to <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Steel_guitar" title="Steel guitar">steel guitar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Unterberger-408">[408]</a> The Hawaiian religion is <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animistic</a>, with a belief in many deities and spirits, including the belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky.<a href="#cite_note-Chai-409">[409]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Hawaii" title="Cuisine of Hawaii">cuisine of Hawaii</a> is a fusion of many foods brought by immigrants to the Hawaiian Islands, including the earliest Polynesians and <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian cuisine">native Hawaiians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the United States">American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian cuisine">Polynesian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese</a> origins. Native Hawaiian musician and Hawaiian sovereignty activist <a href="/wiki/Israel_Kamakawiwo%CA%BBole" title="Israel Kamakawiwoʻole">Israel Kamakawiwoʻole</a>, famous for his medley of "<a href="/wiki/Somewhere_Over_the_Rainbow/What_a_Wonderful_World" title="Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World">Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World</a>", was named "The Voice of Hawaii" by <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> in 2010 in its 50 great voices series.<a href="#cite_note-npr101206-410">[410]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand_3">New Zealand</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: New Zealand">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">Culture of New Zealand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of New Zealand">Cuisine of New Zealand</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hills with inset, round doors. Reflected in water." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg/220px-Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg/330px-Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg/440px-Hobbit_holes_reflected_in_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hobbiton_Movie_Set" title="Hobbiton Movie Set">Hobbiton Movie Set</a>, located near <a href="/wiki/Matamata" title="Matamata">Matamata</a>, was used for The Lord of the Rings film trilogy.<a href="#cite_note-hobbitset-411">[411]</a></figcaption></figure> New Zealand as a culture is a Western culture, which is influenced by the cultural input of the indigenous <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration which followed the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Zealand" title="History of New Zealand">British colonisation of New Zealand</a>. The Māori people constitute one of the major cultures of Polynesia. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-natdays-412">[412]</a> New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, <a href="/wiki/Waitangi_Day" title="Waitangi Day">Waitangi Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/ANZAC_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZAC Day">ANZAC Day</a>, and also celebrates many holidays such as the King's Birthday, Labour Day, and Christmas Day, as well as public anniversaries of the founding dates of most regions.<a href="#cite_note-govnathol-413">[413]</a> The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-music-414">[414]</a> Some artists release Māori language songs and the Māori tradition-based art of <a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a> (song and dance) has made a resurgence.<a href="#cite_note-create062010-415">[415]</a> The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,<a href="#cite_note-nyt101028-416">[416]</a> have encouraged some <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">producers</a> to film big budget movies in New Zealand, including <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">The Lord of the Rings</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit_(film_series)" title="The Hobbit (film series)">The Hobbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chronicles_of_Narnia_(film_series)" title="The Chronicles of Narnia (film series)">The Chronicles of Narnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Samurai" title="The Last Samurai">The Last Samurai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-filmnz-417">[417]</a> The national cuisine has been described as <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a>, incorporating the native <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori cuisine">Māori cuisine</a> and diverse culinary traditions introduced by settlers and immigrants from Europe, Polynesia and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-cuisine-418">[418]</a> New Zealand yields produce from land and sea – most crops and livestock, such as maize, potatoes and pigs, were gradually introduced by the early European settlers.<a href="#cite_note-kaipakeha-419">[419]</a> Distinctive ingredients or dishes include <a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">lamb</a>; salmon; <a href="/wiki/Paranephrops" title="Paranephrops">koura</a> (crayfish);<a href="#cite_note-encyclnzshell-420">[420]</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitebait" title="Whitebait">whitebait</a>; shellfish including <a href="/wiki/Dredge_oyster" title="Dredge oyster">dredge oysters</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ua" title="Pāua">pāua</a>, mussels, scallops, <a href="/wiki/Paphies_australis" title="Paphies australis">pipi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuatua" title="Tuatua">tuatua</a>;<a href="#cite_note-ecyclnzshell222-421">[421]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">kumara</a> (sweet potato); <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tamarillo" title="Tamarillo">tamarillo</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Pavlova_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlova (food)">pavlova</a> (considered a national dish).<a href="#cite_note-encyclnzcook-422">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuisine-418">[418]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samoa">Samoa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Samoa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg/220px-Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg/330px-Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg/440px-Fale_on_Manono_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Samoa" title="Architecture of Samoa">fale</a> on <a href="/wiki/Manono_Island" title="Manono Island">Manono Island</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Samoa" title="Culture of Samoa">Culture of Samoa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian culture</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Fa%27a_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'a Samoa">fa'a Samoa</a>, or traditional Samoan way, remains a strong force in Samoan life and politics. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">language</a>. Cultural customs such as the <a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Samoa 'ava ceremony</a> are significant and solemn rituals at important occasions including the bestowal of <a href="/wiki/Fa%27amatai" class="mw-redirect" title="Fa'amatai">matai</a> chiefly titles. Items of great cultural value include the finely woven <a href="/wiki/%27ie_toga" class="mw-redirect" title="'ie toga">'ie toga</a>. The Samoan word for dance is <a href="/wiki/Siva_Samoa" title="Siva Samoa">siva</a>, which consists of unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tell a story. Samoan male dances can be more snappy.<a href="#cite_note-dancesiva-423">[423]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sasa_(dance)" title="Sasa (dance)">sasa</a> is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid <a href="/wiki/Synchronization" title="Synchronization">synchronised</a> movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (<a href="/wiki/Pate_(musical_instrument)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pate (musical instrument)">pate</a>) or rolled mats. Another dance performed by males is called the <a href="/wiki/Fa%27ataupati" title="Fa'ataupati">fa'ataupati</a> or the slap dance, creating rhythmic sounds by slapping different parts of the body. As with other Polynesian cultures (<a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian culture">Hawaiian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a>) with significant and unique tattoos, Samoans have two gender specific and culturally significant tattoos.<a href="#cite_note-wwpride-424">[424]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceanian art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoan_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan art">Samoan art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_art" title="Hawaiian art">Hawaiian art</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori art">Māori art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Indigenous Australian art</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/230px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/345px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg/460px-Bradshaw_rock_paintings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> found in the north-west <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_region_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimberley region of Western Australia">Kimberley region of Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> The artistic creations of native Oceanians varies greatly throughout the cultures and regions. The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. <a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroglyphs">Petroglyphs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tattooing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattooing">tattooing</a>, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms.<a href="#cite_note-artino-425">[425]</a> Art of Oceania properly encompasses the artistic traditions of the people indigenous to Australia and the Pacific Islands.<a href="#cite_note-oce-426">[426]</a> These early peoples lacked a <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a>, and made works on perishable materials, so few records of them exist from this time.<a href="#cite_note-mettime-427">[427]</a> Indigenous Australian <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock art</a> is the oldest and richest unbroken tradition of art in the world, dating as far back as 60,000 years and spread across hundreds of thousands of sites.<a href="#cite_note-rockart531-428">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt051106-429">[429]</a> These rock paintings served several functions. Some were used in magic, others to increase animal populations for hunting, while some were simply for amusement.<a href="#cite_note-mettime4-430">[430]</a> Sculpture in Oceania first appears on New Guinea as a series of stone figures found throughout the island, but mostly in mountainous highlands. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-mettime444-431">[431]</a> By 1500 BCE the <a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita culture</a>, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. Beginning <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1100 CE, the people of Easter Island would begin construction of nearly 900 <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> (large stone statues). At <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building <a href="/wiki/Nan_Madol" title="Nan Madol">Nan Madol</a>, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals.<a href="#cite_note-mettime_453-432">[432]</a> Hawaiian art includes <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood carvings</a>, feather work, petroglyphs, bark cloth (called <a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa</a> in Hawaiian and <a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa</a> elsewhere in the Pacific), and tattoos. Native Hawaiians had neither metal nor woven cloth.<a href="#cite_note-mettime3456-433">[433]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Oceania" title="Sport in Oceania">Sport in Oceania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg/220px-Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg/330px-Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg/440px-Fiji_vs_Wales_CG_Melbourne_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Fiji playing <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="Wales national rugby sevens team">Wales</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">seven-a-side rugby</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is one of the region's most prominent sports,<a href="#cite_note-ocerugb-434">[434]</a> and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. The most popular overall sport in Australia is <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, with their <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">national team</a> having won the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a> a record five times.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> The most popular sport among Australian women is <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> garners the highest spectatorship numbers and television ratings.<a href="#cite_note-ausrulebrit-436">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-aust54-437">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-planetsp85-438">[438]</a><a href="#cite_note-aust101-439">[439]</a> Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,<a href="#cite_note-newzea76-440">[440]</a> and they are tied with <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> for the most <a href="/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup" title="Rugby World Cup">Rugby World Cup</a> titles, having won the tournament three times.<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> Australia's team <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">the Wallabies</a> have won the World Cup twice, despite Rugby union being less popular among Australians.<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> In Papua New Guinea, the most popular sport is <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rl-443">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-rugby66-444">[444]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fiji_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="Fiji national rugby sevens team">Fiji's sevens team</a> is one of the most successful in the world, as is <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_national_rugby_sevens_team" title="New Zealand national rugby sevens team">New Zealand's</a>.<a href="#cite_note-southemiclass-445">[445]</a> Australian rules football is the national sport in <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Nauru" title="Australian rules football in Nauru">Nauru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-naurafl-446">[446]</a> It has a large following in Papua New Guinea, where it is the second most popular sport after Rugby League.<a href="#cite_note-miningpapua-447">[447]</a><a href="#cite_note-msnclosure-448">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-footinaus-449">[449]</a> Additionally, it attracts significant attention across New Zealand and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a>. The highest level of the sport is the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a> (AFL), which was the fourth best attended sporting league in the world during the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a> <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Vanuatu" title="Football in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> is the only country in Oceania to call <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> its national sport. However, it is also the most popular sport in <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kiribati" title="Football in Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Football in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Tuvalu" title="Football in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, and has a significant (and growing) popularity in <a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_Australia" title="Soccer in Australia">Australia</a>. In 2006 Australia left the <a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Oceania Football Confederation</a> (OFC) for the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a> (AFC), and their men's team <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="Australia men's national soccer team">the Socceroos</a> have qualified for every subsequent <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> as an Asian entrant.<a href="#cite_note-fifa2010-451">[451]</a> The sole Micronesian country with membership in the OFC is Kiribati, although they are not recognised by <a href="/wiki/FIFA" title="FIFA">FIFA</a> like the other OFC members. <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia_national_football_team" title="Federated States of Micronesia national football team">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, Marshall Islands, Nauru and <a href="/wiki/Palau_national_football_team" title="Palau national football team">Palau</a> all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness.<a href="#cite_note-452">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-Associate_Members_of_OFC-453">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-454">[454]</a> Like Australia, the Micronesian dependent territories of <a href="/wiki/Guam_national_football_team" title="Guam national football team">Guam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_national_football_team" title="Northern Mariana Islands national football team">Northern Mariana Islands</a> currently compete in the AFC instead of the OFC.<a href="#cite_note-455">[455]</a> The OFC was dominated by Australia for many years, and became known for one-sided results.<a href="#cite_note-wsc-456">[456]</a> These included a <a href="/wiki/Australia_31%E2%80%930_American_Samoa" title="Australia 31–0 American Samoa">31–0 defeat</a> of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_national_football_team" title="American Samoa national football team">American Samoa</a> by Australia in 2001, which remains the biggest international victory in the history of the sport.<a href="#cite_note-457">[457]</a> Australians view sport as an important part of their cultural identity, and the country performs well on the international stage, despite having a relatively small population.<a href="#cite_note-458">[458]</a> They have hosted two Summer Olympics: <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">Melbourne 1956</a> and <a href="/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics" title="2000 Summer Olympics">Sydney 2000</a>, and the city of Brisbane is also set to host the <a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 edition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-459">[459]</a> Australia has hosted five editions of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> and New Zealand three times. The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Games" title="Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a> (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific; Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-abc20140703-460">[460]</a> Melbourne hosts the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Open" title="Australian Open">Australian Open</a> every year, considered one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> tournaments in <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-461">[461]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">Europeans in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Oceania" title="Flags of Oceania">Flags of Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Chile" title="Insular Chile">Insular Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Oceania">List of cities in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_(journal)" title="Oceania (journal)">Oceania (journal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic cuisine">Oceanic cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Indigenous peoples of Oceania">Indigenous peoples of Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Union" title="Pacific Union">Pacific Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_Oceania" title="United Nations geoscheme for Oceania">United Nations geoscheme for Oceania</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003060402/https://crgsoft.com/oceania-population-characteristics-economy-and-religions/">"Oceania: Population, Characteristics, Economy And Religions"</a>. CRGSoft. 17 January 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crgsoft.com/oceania-population-characteristics-economy-and-religions/">the original</a> on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oceania%3A+Population%2C+Characteristics%2C+Economy+And+Religions&rft.pub=CRGSoft&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrgsoft.com%2Foceania-population-characteristics-economy-and-religions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos Islands">Galapagos Islands</a> are physiographically in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> but it has been physiopolitically associated with Oceania </li> <li id="cite_note-pronun-5"><a href="#cite_ref-pronun_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation cs1">Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405881180" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405881180"><bdi>978-1405881180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1405881180&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aging-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aging_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aging_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlickerKerse2017" class="citation book cs1">Flicker, Leon; Kerse, Ngaire (2017). "Population ageing in Oceania". Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. pp. 55–62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmed%2F9780198701590.003.0008">10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870159-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-870159-0"><bdi>978-0-19-870159-0</bdi></a>. <q>The region of Oceania describes a collection of islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean between Asia and the Americas. The region is vast and largely covered by ocean. There are four subregions of this region, including Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia (Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a>), Micronesia (the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, and Palau etc.), and Polynesia (American Samoa, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, and Tuvalu etc.).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Population+ageing+in+Oceania&rft.btitle=Oxford+Textbook+of+Geriatric+Medicine&rft.pages=55-62&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmed%2F9780198701590.003.0008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-870159-0&rft.aulast=Flicker&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft.au=Kerse%2C+Ngaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worldatlas-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldatlas_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldatlas_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-four-sub-regions-of-oceania.html">"The Four Sub-regions Of Oceania"</a>. WorldAtlas. 26 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124222422/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-four-sub-regions-of-oceania.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Four+Sub-regions+Of+Oceania&rft.pub=WorldAtlas&rft.date=2017-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-four-sub-regions-of-oceania.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontejo2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Montejo, Erika (26 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngenespanol.com/el-mundo/cuando-se-formo-oceania/">"¿Cuándo se formó Oceanía, el continente más pequeño del planeta?"</a>. National Geographic en Español (in Spanish). 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Retrieved 27 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Geogr%C3%A1fico+Escolar+-+IBGE&rft.atitle=Atlas+Geogr%C3%A1fico+Escolar+-+IBGE&rft.au=CEON&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatlasescolar.ibge.gov.br%2Fcontinentes-e-regioes-do-mundo%2F2970-oceania.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-worlda-12"><a href="#cite_ref-worlda_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/australia.htm">"Australia: World Audit Democracy Profile"</a>. WorldAudit.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213032213/http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/australia.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAudit.org&rft.atitle=Australia%3A+World+Audit+Democracy+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldaudit.org%2Fcountries%2Faustralia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-herita-13"><a href="#cite_ref-herita_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">"Rankings on Economic Freedom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170916153902/http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rankings+on+Economic+Freedom&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Findex%2Franking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-imforg-14"><a href="#cite_ref-imforg_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24871.0">"Kiribati: 2011 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report, Informational Annexes, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati"</a>. International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/113. 24 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161224064230/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24871.0">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kiribati%3A+2011+Article+IV+Consultation-Staff+Report%2C+Informational+Annexes%2C+Debt+Sustainability+Analysis%2C+Public+Information+Notice+on+the+Executive+Board+Discussion%2C+and+Statement+by+the+Executive+Director+for+Kiribati&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund+Country+Report+No.+11%2F113&rft.date=2011-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fcat%2Flongres.aspx%3Fsk%3D24871.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dfatgov-15"><a href="#cite_ref-dfatgov_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030820155859/http://www.dfat.gov.au/aib/island_continent.html">"Fast facts about Australia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfat.gov.au/aib/island_continent.html">the original</a> on 20 August 2003. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fast+facts+about+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfat.gov.au%2Faib%2Fisland_continent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-modern283-16"><a href="#cite_ref-modern283_16-0">^</a> MacKay (1864, 1885) Elements of Modern Geography, p. 283 </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/2019/02/aboriginal-australians">"Aboriginal Australians"</a>. National Geographic. 8 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824131919/https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/2019/02/aboriginal-australians">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+Australians&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.co.uk%2F2019%2F02%2Faboriginal-australians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundi-18"><a href="#cite_ref-foundi_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/nsw1_doc_1768.pdf">"Secret Instructions to Captain Cook, 30 June 1768"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Australia" title="National Archives of Australia">National Archives of Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110815042109/http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/resources/transcripts/nsw1_doc_1768.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 August 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secret+Instructions+to+Captain+Cook%2C+30+June+1768&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundingdocs.gov.au%2Fresources%2Ftranscripts%2Fnsw1_doc_1768.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oceanart-19"><a href="#cite_ref-oceanart_19-0">^</a> "Oceanic art", The <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia" title="Columbia Encyclopedia">Columbia Encyclopedia</a>, Sixth Edition 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-newpol162-20"><a href="#cite_ref-newpol162_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrage1994" class="citation book cs1">Drage, Jean (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUpmpeJz-8gC">New Politics in the South pacific</a>. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0115-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-982-02-0115-6"><bdi>978-982-02-0115-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728032044/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUpmpeJz-8gC">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Politics+in+the+South+pacific&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Institute+of+Pacific+Studies%2C+University+of+the+South+Pacific&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-982-02-0115-6&rft.aulast=Drage&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZUpmpeJz-8gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLidstoneStoltmanDeChano2004" class="citation book cs1">Lidstone, John; Stoltman, Joseph P.; DeChano, Lisa M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94q9GgFtjYoC&dq=%22and+Melanesia,+meaning%22&pg=PA193">International Perspectives on Natural Disasters: Occurrence, Mitigation, and Consequences</a>. Springer Netherlands. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1402028519" title="Special:BookSources/978-1402028519"><bdi>978-1402028519</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064235/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/International_Perspectives_on_Natural_Di/94q9GgFtjYoC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22and+Melanesia%2C+meaning%22&pg=PA193&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022. <q>Anthropologists have defined Oceania as that region of the Pacific Ocean that encompasses three distinct geographical areas—Polynesia, meaning "many islands"; Micronesia, meaning "small islands"; and Melanesia, meaning "black islands." Other definitions of Oceania are used by geographers, economists, and oceanographers. The definition of the region generally depends on the context that one assigns to it in research or writing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Perspectives+on+Natural+Disasters%3A+Occurrence%2C+Mitigation%2C+and+Consequences&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1402028519&rft.aulast=Lidstone&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Stoltman%2C+Joseph+P.&rft.au=DeChano%2C+Lisa+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D94q9GgFtjYoC%26dq%3D%2522and%2BMelanesia%2C%2Bmeaning%2522%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asianpacific-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asianpacific_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asianpacific_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocombe2007" class="citation book cs1">Crocombe, R. G. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDg9oAkwsXAC&dq=%22included+in+cultural+definitions+of+oceania%22&pg=PR13">Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West</a>. University of the South Pacific. Institute of Pacific Studies. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9820203884" title="Special:BookSources/978-9820203884"><bdi>978-9820203884</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209001401/https://books.google.com/books?id=iDg9oAkwsXAC&dq=%22included+in+cultural+definitions+of+oceania%22&pg=PR13">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+in+the+Pacific+Islands%3A+Replacing+the+West&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=University+of+the+South+Pacific.+Institute+of+Pacific+Studies&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9820203884&rft.aulast=Crocombe&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDg9oAkwsXAC%26dq%3D%2522included%2Bin%2Bcultural%2Bdefinitions%2Bof%2Boceania%2522%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean">"Oceania | Definition, Population, & Facts | Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531185210/https://www.britannica.com/place/Oceania-region-Pacific-Ocean">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Oceania+%26%23124%3B+Definition%2C+Population%2C+%26+Facts+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FOceania-region-Pacific-Ocean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harv-24"><a href="#cite_ref-harv_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBequaert1941" class="citation book cs1">Bequaert, Joseph C. (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op16-11.pdf">The Hippoboscidae of Oceania</a> (PDF). Harvard Medical School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124010141/http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op16-11.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022. <q>In the present taxonomic study of the Hippoboscidae, Oceania covers, rather arbitrarily, the many archipelagos and isolated islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean, from the Marianas and Caroline Islands, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia to the Hawaiian islands and the Galapagos.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hippoboscidae+of+Oceania&rft.pub=Harvard+Medical+School&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Bequaert&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbs.bishopmuseum.org%2Fpubs-online%2Fpdf%2Fop16-11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret1983" class="citation thesis cs1">Margaret, Cowan E. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JIGZhTRPSe4C&pg=PA9">An Analysis of the Process Used to Develop a Publication of International Case Studies on Environmental Education</a> (Thesis). p. 9. <q>Australia, as a separate continent, is geographically a part of Oceania</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+Analysis+of+the+Process+Used+to+Develop+a+Publication+of+International+Case+Studies+on+Environmental+Education&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Margaret&rft.aufirst=Cowan+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJIGZhTRPSe4C%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Oceania: Pohnpei and the Eastern Carolines". The Archaeology of Islands. 2007. pp. 90–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511619007.005">10.1017/CBO9780511619007.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85374-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85374-3"><bdi>978-0-521-85374-3</bdi></a>. <q>The thousands of islands of Oceania, excluding the island-continent of Australia and the very large island of New Guinea, are regarded by many as the theatre for island archaeology par excellence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oceania%3A+Pohnpei+and+the+Eastern+Carolines&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Islands&rft.pages=90-113&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511619007.005&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85374-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edu_au-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edu_au_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edu_au_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edu_au_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edu_au_27-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirthNaidu2019" class="citation book cs1">Firth, Stewart; Naidu, Vijay (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cHmfDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA354">Understanding Oceania: Celebrating the University of the South Pacific and its collaboration with The Australian National University</a>. ANU Press. p. 354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-289-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-289-5"><bdi>978-1-76046-289-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Oceania%3A+Celebrating+the+University+of+the+South+Pacific+and+its+collaboration+with+The+Australian+National+University&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-76046-289-5&rft.aulast=Firth&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rft.au=Naidu%2C+Vijay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcHmfDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cam_uk-28"><a href="#cite_ref-cam_uk_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/unprecedented-study-of-aboriginal-australians-points-to-one-shared-out-of-africa-migration-for">"Unprecedented study of Aboriginal Australians points to one shared Out of Africa migration for modern humans"</a>. University of Cambridge. 21 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220615162942/https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/unprecedented-study-of-aboriginal-australians-points-to-one-shared-out-of-africa-migration-for">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Cambridge&rft.atitle=Unprecedented+study+of+Aboriginal+Australians+points+to+one+shared+Out+of+Africa+migration+for+modern+humans&rft.date=2016-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cam.ac.uk%2Fresearch%2Fnews%2Funprecedented-study-of-aboriginal-australians-points-to-one-shared-out-of-africa-migration-for&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-29"><a href="#cite_ref-OED_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Oceania" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Oceania">"Oceania"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oceania&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DOceania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> (Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.) </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Grataloup, Christian, Continents et océans : le pavage européen du globe, Monde(s), 2013, volume nr 3, pages 240. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Tcherkézoff, Serge, Polynésie / Mélanésie. L’invention française des « races » et des régions de l’Océanie, Au vent des îles, Tahiti, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-915654-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-915654-52-3">978-2-915654-52-3</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEperjesi2004" class="citation book cs1">Eperjesi, John (2004). The Imperialist Imaginary: Visions of Asia and the Pacific in American Culture. Dartmouth College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-435-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-435-3"><bdi>978-1-58465-435-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperialist+Imaginary%3A+Visions+of+Asia+and+the+Pacific+in+American+Culture&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-435-3&rft.aulast=Eperjesi&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFW._CasteelPasseron2011" class="citation book cs1">W. Casteel, Richard; Passeron, Jean-Claude (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RUryHhPBT3EC&dq=%22ALEUTS%22+%22OCEANIA%22&pg=PR5">Maritime Adaptations of the Pacific</a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3110879902" title="Special:BookSources/978-3110879902"><bdi>978-3110879902</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Adaptations+of+the+Pacific&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3110879902&rft.aulast=W.+Casteel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Passeron%2C+Jean-Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRUryHhPBT3EC%26dq%3D%2522ALEUTS%2522%2B%2522OCEANIA%2522%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartholomew1873" class="citation book cs1">Bartholomew, John (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gmSp46xxpJQC&dq=%22oceania%22+%22yokohama%22+%22australia%22&pg=PA3">Zell's Descriptive Hand Atlas of the World</a>. T.E. Zell. p. 7. Retrieved 20 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zell%27s+Descriptive+Hand+Atlas+of+the+World&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=T.E.+Zell&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=Bartholomew&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgmSp46xxpJQC%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522yokohama%2522%2B%2522australia%2522%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodrich1854" class="citation book cs1">Goodrich, Samuel Griswold (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=heJPYUnr70kC&dq=%22aleutian+islands%22+%22oceania%22&pg=PA52">History of All Nations</a>. Miller, Orton and Mulligan. Retrieved 20 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+All+Nations&rft.pub=Miller%2C+Orton+and+Mulligan&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=Goodrich&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Griswold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DheJPYUnr70kC%26dq%3D%2522aleutian%2Bislands%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-austral-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-austral_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-austral_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-austral_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-austral_36-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1879" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Alfred Russel (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e2kcAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22oceania+is+the+word+often%22&pg=PA2">Australasia</a>. The University of Michigan. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064236/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Australasia/e2kcAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22oceania+is+the+word+often%22&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2022. <q>Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon [...] This boundless watery domain, which extends northwards of Behring Straits and southward to the Antarctic barrier of ice, is studded with many island groups, which are, however, very irregularly distributed over its surface. The more northerly section, lying between Japan and California and between the Aleutian and Hawaiian Archipelagos is relieved by nothing but a few solitary reefs and rocks at enormously distant intervals.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australasia&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De2kcAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bword%2Boften%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley2012" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Jerry H, ed. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of World History. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199235810.001.0001">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923581-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923581-0"><bdi>978-0-19-923581-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+World+History&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199235810.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923581-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrotschul" class="citation web cs1">Brotschul, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/continents-in-french.html">"Continents in French"</a>. Study.com. Retrieved 4 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Study.com&rft.atitle=Continents+in+French&rft.aulast=Brotschul&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fcontinents-in-french.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlasescolar.ibge.gov.br/images/atlas/mapas_mundo/mundo_034_divisao_continentes.pdf">"Divisões dos continentes"</a> (PDF). IBGE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813231055/https://atlasescolar.ibge.gov.br/images/atlas/mapas_mundo/mundo_034_divisao_continentes.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2021. 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[Footnote 78: When Southeast Asia was conceptualised as a world region during World War II..., Indonesia and the Philippines were perforce added to Asia, which reduced the extent of Oceania, leading to a reconceptualisation of Australia as a continent in its own right. This manoeuvre is apparent in postwar atlases]" </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrattan1961" class="citation book cs1">Grattan, Clinton Hartley (1961). The United States and the Southwest Pacific. 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Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extinction+and+Biogeography+of+Tropical+Pacific+Birds&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0226771427&rft.aulast=Steadman&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvBZXJQ3HDg0C%26dq%3D%2522tropical%2B%2522easter%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522indo%2Baustralian%2Bplate%2522%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-plates-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plates_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plates_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plates_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plates_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-plates_55-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunnKumarEliotMcLean2016" class="citation journal cs1">Nunn, Patrick D.; Kumar, Lalit; Eliot, Ian; McLean, Roger F. (December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40562-016-0041-8">"Classifying Pacific islands"</a>. Geoscience Letters. 3 (1): 7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GSL.....3....7N">2016GSL.....3....7N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40562-016-0041-8">10.1186/s40562-016-0041-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53970527">53970527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoscience+Letters&rft.atitle=Classifying+Pacific+islands&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53970527%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs40562-016-0041-8&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016GSL.....3....7N&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=Patrick+D.&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Lalit&rft.au=Eliot%2C+Ian&rft.au=McLean%2C+Roger+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%252Fs40562-016-0041-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Green & Pawley, 1973, "Dating the Dispersal of the Oceanic Languages" </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> « Although based on a superficial understanding of the Pacific islanders, Dumont d’Urville’s tripartite classification stuck. Indeed, these categories — Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians — became so deeply entrenched in Western anthropological thought that it is difficult even now to break out the mould in which they entrap us (<a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Thomas_(anthropologist)" title="Nicholas Thomas (anthropologist)">Thomas</a>, 1989). Such labels provide handy geographical referents, yet they mislead us greatly if we take them to be meaningful segments of cultural history. Only Polynesia has stood the tests of time and increased knowledge, as a category with historical significance », <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vinton_Kirch" title="Patrick Vinton Kirch">Patrick Vinton Kirch</a>, On the Road of the Winds : an Archeological History of the Pacific Islands before European Contact, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2000: 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-class-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-class_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-class_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdvardy" class="citation web cs1">Udvardy, Miklos D.F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131430/http://www.fnad.org/Documentos/A%20Classification%20of%20the%20Biogeographical%20Provinces%20of%20the%20World%20Miklos%20D.F.%20Udvardy.pdf">"A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World"</a> (PDF). UNESCO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fnad.org/Documentos/A%20Classification%20of%20the%20Biogeographical%20Provinces%20of%20the%20World%20Miklos%20D.F.%20Udvardy.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Classification+of+the+Biogeographical+Provinces+of+the+World&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Udvardy&rft.aufirst=Miklos+D.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffnad.org%2FDocumentos%2FA%2520Classification%2520of%2520the%2520Biogeographical%2520Provinces%2520of%2520the%2520World%2520Miklos%2520D.F.%2520Udvardy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gochile.cl/en/destinations-easter-island-robinson-crusoe.htm">"Tourist attractions in Easter Island & Robinson Crusoe"</a>. GoChile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202002755/https://www.gochile.cl/en/destinations-easter-island-robinson-crusoe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022. <q>Despite being geographically located in Oceania, Juan Fernández Archipelago belongs to the insular Chilean territory, just like Easter Island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourist+attractions+in+Easter+Island+%26+Robinson+Crusoe&rft.pub=GoChile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gochile.cl%2Fen%2Fdestinations-easter-island-robinson-crusoe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ausgov-60"><a href="#cite_ref-ausgov_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomsonDoranClarke2018" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, Lex; Doran, John; Clarke, Bronwyn (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aciar.gov.au/sites/default/files/mn201_trees_for_life_-_final_artwork_-_15052018_web_upload_version.pdf">Trees for life in Oceania: Conservation and utilisation of genetic diversity</a> (PDF). Canberra, Australia: Australian Center for International Agricultural Research. p. 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124215245/https://www.aciar.gov.au/sites/default/files/mn201_trees_for_life_-_final_artwork_-_15052018_web_upload_version.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022. <q>In a number of cases, human exploitation of certain high-value tree species, including sandalwoods and other highly prized timbers, has led to their extinction—such as the sandalwood species Santalum fernandezianum, in Juan Fernández Islands; and others to the brink of extinction, such S. boninensis in Ogasawara Islands, Japan; or is an ongoing threatening factor in the examples of S. yasi in Fiji and Tonga, Gyrinops spp. in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Intsia bijuga throughout the Pacific Islands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trees+for+life+in+Oceania%3A+Conservation+and+utilisation+of+genetic+diversity&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Australian+Center+for+International+Agricultural+Research&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Lex&rft.au=Doran%2C+John&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Bronwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aciar.gov.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmn201_trees_for_life_-_final_artwork_-_15052018_web_upload_version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKladnik2017" class="citation book cs1">Kladnik, Drago (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=69V7DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22geographically+part+of+oceania%22&pg=PA47">Terraced Landscapes</a>. Založba ZRC. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9610500193" title="Special:BookSources/978-9610500193"><bdi>978-9610500193</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064236/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Terraced_Landscapes/69V7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22geographically+part+of+oceania%22&pg=PA47&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022. <q>In North America, agricultural terraces are exclusive to Mexico and the United States – which Hawaii, in the Pacific, is also part of, but is otherwise geographically part of Oceania.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terraced+Landscapes&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Zalo%C5%BEba+ZRC&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9610500193&rft.aulast=Kladnik&rft.aufirst=Drago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D69V7DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522geographically%2Bpart%2Bof%2Boceania%2522%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-realm-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-realm_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-realm_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-realm_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-realm_62-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-realm_62-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTodd1974" class="citation book cs1">Todd, Ian (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcEJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific">Island Realm: A Pacific Panorama</a>. Angus & Robertson. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0207127618" title="Special:BookSources/978-0207127618"><bdi>978-0207127618</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618161036/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Island_Realm/gcEJAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific&dq=%22French+language+cultures%22+1974+pacific&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022. <q>[we] can further define the word culture to mean language. Thus we have the French language part of Oceania, the Spanish part and the Japanese part. The Japanese culture groups of Oceania are the Bonin Islands, the Marcus Islands and the Volcano Islands. These three clusters, lying south and south-east of Japan, are inhabited either by Japanese or by people who have now completely fused with the Japanese race. Therefore they will not be taken into account in the proposed comparison of the policies of non - Oceanic cultures towards Oceanic peoples. On the eastern side of the Pacific are a number of Spanish language culture groups of islands. Two of them, the Galapagos and Easter Island, have been dealt with as separate chapters in this volume. Only one of the dozen or so Spanish culture island groups of Oceania has an Oceanic population — the Polynesians of Easter Island. The rest are either uninhabited or have a Spanish - Latin - American population consisting of people who migrated from the mainland. Therefore, the comparisons which follow refer almost exclusively to the English and French language cultures.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Island+Realm%3A+A+Pacific+Panorama&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0207127618&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcEJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522French%2Blanguage%2Bcultures%2522%2B1974%2Bpacific&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorn1936" class="citation book cs1">Horn, Walter (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op12-6.pdf">Check list of the Cicindelidae of Oceania</a> (PDF). Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220309041008/http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op12-6.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Check+list+of+the+Cicindelidae+of+Oceania.&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pub=Bishop+Museum&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhbs.bishopmuseum.org%2Fpubs-online%2Fpdf%2Fop12-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-countriesoftheworld-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-countriesoftheworld_64-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1876" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Robert (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3-0DAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22oceania%22+%22juan%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA2">"Oceania: General Characteristics"</a>. The Countries of the World: Volume 4. Oxford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064236/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_countries_of_the_world/3-0DAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22oceania%22+%22juan%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Oceania%3A+General+Characteristics&rft.btitle=The+Countries+of+the+World%3A+Volume+4&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3-0DAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522juan%2522%2B%2522galapagos%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_65-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/">"Countries or areas / geographical regions"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 25 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+or+areas+%2F+geographical+regions&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmethodology%2Fm49%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_1997_32-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_1997_32_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisKären_E._Wigen1997" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythcontinentscr00lewi">The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mythcontinentscr00lewi/page/n24">32</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20742-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20742-4"><bdi>978-0-520-20742-4</bdi></a>. <q>Interestingly enough, the answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Continents%3A+a+Critique+of+Metageography&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20742-4&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Martin+W.&rft.au=K%C3%A4ren+E.+Wigen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmythcontinentscr00lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h3v502REqhUC&dq=United+Nations+%22oceania%22&pg=PA58">Status of the 1950 Census Program in the United States: A Preliminary Report</a>. United States. Bureau of the Census. 1951. Retrieved 24 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Status+of+the+1950+Census+Program+in+the+United+States%3A+A+Preliminary+Report&rft.pub=United+States.+Bureau+of+the+Census&rft.date=1951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh3v502REqhUC%26dq%3DUnited%2BNations%2B%2522oceania%2522%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/tl/tl-nr-04-en.pdf">"Timor-Leste's Fourth National Report to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity"</a> (PDF). Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste. October 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democratic+Republic+of+Timor-Leste&rft.atitle=Timor-Leste%27s+Fourth+National+Report+to+the+UN+Convention+on+Biological+Diversity&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbd.int%2Fdoc%2Fworld%2Ftl%2Ftl-nr-04-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestawayQuintaode_Jesus_Marcal2018" class="citation journal cs1">Westaway, J.; Quintao, V.; de Jesus Marcal, S. (30 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3767%2Fblumea.2018.63.02.13">"Preliminary checklist of the naturalised and pest plants of Timor-Leste"</a>. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 63 (2): 157–166. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3767%2Fblumea.2018.63.02.13">10.3767/blumea.2018.63.02.13</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89935772">89935772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blumea+-+Biodiversity%2C+Evolution+and+Biogeography+of+Plants&rft.atitle=Preliminary+checklist+of+the+naturalised+and+pest+plants+of+Timor-Leste&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157-166&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3767%2Fblumea.2018.63.02.13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A89935772%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Westaway&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Quintao%2C+V.&rft.au=de+Jesus+Marcal%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3767%252Fblumea.2018.63.02.13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/australia-and-oceania/">"Australia and Oceania"</a>. 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The University of Michigan. p. 42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064236/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Polytechnic_Review_and_Magazine_of_Scien/5LU5AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22BOUNDARIES+OF+OCEANIA%22&pg=PA42&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polytechnic+Review+and+Magazine+of+Science%2C+Literature+and+the+Fine+Arts%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1844&rft.aulast=Mortimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5LU5AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522BOUNDARIES%2BOF%2BOCEANIA%2522%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Which includes the present-day countries of Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalte-Brun1827" class="citation book cs1">Malte-Brun, Conrad (1827). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YXA9AAAAYAAJ">Universal Geography: Containing the description of part of Asia, of Oceanica, &c. with additional matter, not in the European edition</a>. 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Oxford University. p. 602. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064237/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Manual_of_modern_geography_mathematical/HHEDAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=macquarie+islands+bonin+islands+oceania&pg=PA602&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+modern+geography%2C+mathematical%2C+physical%2C+and+political%3A+Volume+2&rft.pages=602&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Mackay&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHHEDAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3Dmacquarie%2Bislands%2Bbonin%2Bislands%2Boceania%26pg%3DPA602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/M/Macquarie%20Island.htm">"Macquarie Island"</a>. Utas.edu.au. 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Vedams. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8179360149" title="Special:BookSources/978-8179360149"><bdi>978-8179360149</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064238/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Making_of_Anthropology/RgO8nLql2KwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22some+exclude%22+%22ryukyu%22&pg=PA206&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022. <q>Some exclude from "Oceania" the nontropical islands such as Ryukyu, the Aleutian islands, and Japan, and the islands such as Formosa, Indonesia, and the Philippines that are closely linked with mainland Asia</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Anthropology%3A+The+Semiotics+of+Self+and+Other+in+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Vedams&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-8179360149&rft.aulast=Pandian&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.au=Parman%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRgO8nLql2KwC%26dq%3D%2522some%2Bexclude%2522%2B%2522ryukyu%2522%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-corn-81">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corn_81-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-corn_81-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-corn_81-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornell1857" class="citation book cs1">Cornell, Sophia S. 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Retrieved 9 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earth+and+Its+Inhabitants%3A+Australasia&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Reclus&rft.aufirst=%C3%89lis%C3%A9e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDzEBAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3D%2522hawaiian%2Barchipelago%2Balso%2Bconstitutes%2522%26pg%3DPA32-IA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lixEAQAAMAAJ&q=%22the+110th%22+%22universal+atlas%22">Rand, McNally & Co.'s Universal Atlas of the World</a>. Rand McNally and Company. 1892. p. 171. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064354/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/RAND_MCNALLY_CO_S_UNIVERSAL_ATLAS_OF_THE/lixEAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22the+110th%22+%22universal+atlas%22&dq=%22the+110th%22+%22universal+atlas%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rand%2C+McNally+%26+Co.%27s+Universal+Atlas+of+the+World&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Rand+McNally+and+Company&rft.date=1892&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlixEAQAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522the%2B110th%2522%2B%2522universal%2Batlas%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ess-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ess_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ess_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ess_86-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ess_86-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCust1887" class="citation book cs1">Cust, Robert Needham (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vZ4KtNU2-PMC">Linguistic and Oriental Essays: 1847-1887</a>. Trübner & Company. p. 518. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064357/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Linguistic_and_Oriental_Essays_1847_1887/vZ4KtNU2-PMC?hl=en&gbpv=0">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linguistic+and+Oriental+Essays%3A+1847-1887&rft.pages=518&rft.pub=Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Company&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=Cust&rft.aufirst=Robert+Needham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvZ4KtNU2-PMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyal_Statistical_Society_(Great_Britain)1892" class="citation book cs1">Royal Statistical Society (Great Britain) (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hujWAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22OCEANIA%22%27&pg=PA309">Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Volume 55</a>. Royal Statistical Society. p. 309. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064359/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Journal_of_the_Royal_Statistical_Society/hujWAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22OCEANIA%22%27&pg=PA309&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Statistical+Society%2C+Volume+55&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Royal+Statistical+Society.&rft.date=1892&rft.au=Royal+Statistical+Society+%28Great+Britain%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhujWAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522OCEANIA%2522%2527%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chambers-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chambers_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chambers_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J2NRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22easter+island%22+%22oceania%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA657">Chambers's New Handy Volume American Encyclopædia: Volume 9</a>. The University of Virginia. 1885. p. 657. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064400/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Chambers_s_New_Handy_Volume_American_Enc/J2NRAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22easter+island%22+%22oceania%22+%22galapagos%22&pg=PA657&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022. <q>the whole region has sometimes been called Oceania, and sometimes Australasia—generally, however, in modern times, to the exclusion of the islands in the Indian archipelago, to which certain writers have given the name of Malaysia [...] we have the three geographical divisions of Malesia, Australasia and Polynesia, the last mentioned of which embraces all the groups and single islands not included under the other two. Accepting this arrangement, still the limits between Australasia and Polynesia have not been very accurately defined; indeed, scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject; neither shall we pretend to decide in the matter. The following list, however, comprises all the principal groups and single island not previously named as coming under the division of Australasia: 1. North of the equator—The Ladrone or Marian islands. the Pelew islands, the Caroline islands, the Radack and Ralick chains, the Sandwich islands, Gilbert's or Kingstnill's archipelago. and the Galapagos. 2. South of the equator—The Ellice group, the Phoenix and Union groups. the Fiji islands, the Friendly islands, the Navigator's islands. Cook's or Harvey islands, the Society islands. the Dangerous archipelago, the Marquesas islands, Pitcairn island, and Easter island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chambers%27s+New+Handy+Volume+American+Encyclop%C3%A6dia%3A+Volume+9&rft.pages=657&rft.pub=The+University+of+Virginia&rft.date=1885&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ2NRAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3D%2522easter%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522galapagos%2522%26pg%3DPA657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrichard1847" class="citation book cs1">Prichard, James Cowles (1847). Researches Into the Physical History of Mankind: Researches into the history of the Oceanic and of the American nations. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Researches+Into+the+Physical+History+of+Mankind%3A+Researches+into+the+history+of+the+Oceanic+and+of+the+American+nations&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+at+Urbana-Champaign&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Prichard&rft.aufirst=James+Cowles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-flick-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flick_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-flick_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlick1926" class="citation book cs1">Flick, Alexander Clarence (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PhGHAAAAMAAJ&q=Modern%20World%20History,%201776-1926A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Origins%20and%20Development%20of%20Contemporary%20Civilization">Modern World History, 1776-1926: A Survey of the Origins and Development of Contemporary Civilization</a>. A.A. Knopf. p. 492. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064936/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Modern_World_History_1776_1926/PhGHAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Modern+World+History%2C+1776-1926A+Survey+of+the+Origins+and+Development+of+Contemporary+Civilization">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+World+History%2C+1776-1926%3A+A+Survey+of+the+Origins+and+Development+of+Contemporary+Civilization&rft.pages=492&rft.pub=A.A.+Knopf&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Flick&rft.aufirst=Alexander+Clarence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPhGHAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DModern%2520World%2520History%2C%25201776-1926A%2520Survey%2520of%2520the%2520Origins%2520and%2520Development%2520of%2520Contemporary%2520Civilization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebster1921" class="citation book cs1">Webster, Hutton (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cboXAAAAIAAJ&q=the+term+Oceania,+or+Oceania,+in+its+widest+sense+applies+to+all+the+Pacific+Islands.">World History: Volume 1</a>. D. C. Heath. p. 563. Retrieved 3 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+History%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=563&rft.pub=D.+C.+Heath&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Hutton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcboXAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bterm%2BOceania%2C%2Bor%2BOceania%2C%2Bin%2Bits%2Bwidest%2Bsense%2Bapplies%2Bto%2Ball%2Bthe%2BPacific%2BIslands.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tyler-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tyler_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tyler_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Marion1885" class="citation book cs1">Charles Marion, Tyler (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8D5CAAAAIAAJ&dq=%22vancouver+island%22+%22pacific+islands%22+%22australia%22&pg=PR6">The Island World of the Pacific Ocean</a>. Howard & Pariser. Retrieved 5 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+World+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.pub=Howard+%26+Pariser&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Charles+Marion&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8D5CAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3D%2522vancouver%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522pacific%2Bislands%2522%2B%2522australia%2522%26pg%3DPR6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStommel1984" class="citation book cs1">Stommel, Henry (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr/page/">Lost Islands: The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts</a>. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr/page/">xvii, 105ff</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7748-0210-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7748-0210-3"><bdi>0-7748-0210-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Islands%3A+The+Story+of+Islands+That+Have+Vanished+from+Nautical+Charts&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pages=xvii%2C+105ff&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-7748-0210-3&rft.aulast=Stommel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostislands00henr%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckey1815" class="citation web cs1">Tuckey, James Hingston (13 November 1815). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FzhjAAAAMAAJ">"Maritime Geography and Statistics ..."</a> Black, Parry & Company – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maritime+Geography+and+Statistics+...&rft.pub=Black%2C+Parry+%26+Company&rft.date=1815-11-13&rft.aulast=Tuckey&rft.aufirst=James+Hingston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzhjAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._Fogg1857" class="citation book cs1">B. Fogg, Francis (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SQgAAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22hainan%22+%22galapagos%22+%22aleutian%22&pg=PA3">A Treatise on Physical Geography ...</a> Ivison & Phinney. Retrieved 22 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Treatise+on+Physical+Geography+...&rft.pub=Ivison+%26+Phinney&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=B.+Fogg&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSQgAAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3D%2522hainan%2522%2B%2522galapagos%2522%2B%2522aleutian%2522%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-suma-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suma_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-suma_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1879" class="citation book cs1">Ross, John Merry (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rBaRjHkYy1cC&dq=%22literally%22+%22galapagos%22+%22sumatra%22&pg=PA166">The Globe Encyclopedia of Universal Information: Volume 6</a>. The University of Michigan. Retrieved 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Globe+Encyclopedia+of+Universal+Information%3A+Volume+6&rft.pub=The+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=John+Merry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrBaRjHkYy1cC%26dq%3D%2522literally%2522%2B%2522galapagos%2522%2B%2522sumatra%2522%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-journal-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-journal_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-journal_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy1972" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, Raymond F. (October 1972). "Musics of Oceania". Music Educators Journal. 59 (2): 59–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3394143">10.2307/3394143</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3394143">3394143</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191492515">191492515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+Educators+Journal&rft.atitle=Musics+of+Oceania&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=59-64&rft.date=1972-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191492515%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3394143%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3394143&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Raymond+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook-98"><a href="#cite_ref-handbook_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1971" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, John William (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuOIqt-UQowC&dq=%22oceania%22+%22all+islands%22&pg=PA39">Area Handbook for Oceania</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Area+Handbook+for+Oceania&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=John+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuOIqt-UQowC%26dq%3D%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522all%2Bislands%2522%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondoKimura2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kondo, Masanori; Kimura, Masahito T. (13 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2007.00250.x">"Diversity of drosophilid flies on Kume-jima, a subtropical island: comparison with diversity on Iriomote-jima"</a>. Entomological Science. 11 (1): 7–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1479-8298.2007.00250.x">10.1111/j.1479-8298.2007.00250.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83888348">83888348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entomological+Science&rft.atitle=Diversity+of+drosophilid+flies+on+Kume-jima%2C+a+subtropical+island%3A+comparison+with+diversity+on+Iriomote-jima&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-15&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1479-8298.2007.00250.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83888348%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kondo&rft.aufirst=Masanori&rft.au=Kimura%2C+Masahito+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1479-8298.2007.00250.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HUQV0sJpJPIC">Armed Forces Talk</a>. 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Pennsylvania State University. p. 876. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761405511" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761405511"><bdi>978-0761405511</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064459/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Earth_and_Physical_Scien/px7YAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22japan%22+%22aleutian%22+%22oceania%22&dq=%22japan%22+%22aleutian%22+%22oceania%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Earth+and+Physical+Sciences%3A+Nuclear+physics-Plate+tectonics&rft.pages=876&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0761405511&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpx7YAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522japan%2522%2B%2522aleutian%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/38-2009-news/365-philippines-islands-to-reunite-with-mainland-asia.html">"Philippines islands to reunite with mainland Asia"</a>. 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Journals.plos.org: e0145059. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PLoSO..1145059F">2016PLoSO..1145059F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0145059">10.1371/journal.pone.0145059</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4703205">4703205</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26734732">26734732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Marine+Biodiversity+in+Juan+Fern%C3%A1ndez+and+Desventuradas+Islands%2C+Chile%3A+Global+Endemism+Hotspots&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=e0145059&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703205%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26734732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0145059&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016PLoSO..1145059F&rft.aulast=Friedlander&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rft.au=Ballesteros%2C+Enric&rft.au=Caselle%2C+Jennifer+E.&rft.au=Gaymer%2C+Carlos+F.&rft.au=Palma%2C+Alvaro+T.&rft.au=Petit%2C+Ignacio&rft.au=Varas%2C+Eduardo&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz+Wilson%2C+Alex&rft.au=Sala%2C+Enric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4703205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-east-111"><a href="#cite_ref-east_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPequeño2011" class="citation journal cs1">Pequeño, Germán (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-65382011000200011">"Shore Fishes of Easter Island, John E. Randall & Alfredo Cea Egaña"</a>. Gayana. 75 (2): 201–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4067%2FS0717-65382011000200011">10.4067/S0717-65382011000200011</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/920291064">920291064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gayana&rft.atitle=Shore+Fishes+of+Easter+Island%2C+John+E.+Randall+%26+Alfredo+Cea+Ega%C3%B1a&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-202&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4067%2FS0717-65382011000200011&rft.aulast=Peque%C3%B1o&rft.aufirst=Germ%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4067%252FS0717-65382011000200011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1993" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Georgia (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXvjAAAAMAAJ&q=%22juan+fernandez%22+%22oceania%22+%22rapa+nui%22">Rapa Nui Journal: Volumes 7-10</a>. University of Texas. p. 72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064541/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Rapa_Nui_Journal/ZXvjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22juan+fernandez%22+%22oceania%22+%22rapa+nui%22&dq=%22juan+fernandez%22+%22oceania%22+%22rapa+nui%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022. <q>[...] Chile Division of Cultural Affairs and Information (DIRACI) [stated] that Chile's area included "180 km2 (69.48 miles) of Oceania— Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago (Robinson Crusoe Island) and other islands off the Chilean coast." The Pacific Islands Handbook (1989) and Encyclopedia of World Cultures (1991) did not realize that they had overestimated Rapa Nui because of this.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapa+Nui+Journal%3A+Volumes+7-10&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=University+of+Texas&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Georgia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZXvjAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522juan%2Bfernandez%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522rapa%2Bnui%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1997" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Kate Darian (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O2VnZUM8DzEC&q=%22AUSTRALIA+AND+OCEANIA%22+1997+EASTER">Australia and Oceania</a>. Raintree Steck-Vaughn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0817247782" title="Special:BookSources/978-0817247782"><bdi>978-0817247782</bdi></a>. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia+and+Oceania&rft.pub=Raintree+Steck-Vaughn&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0817247782&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Kate+Darian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO2VnZUM8DzEC%26q%3D%2522AUSTRALIA%2BAND%2BOCEANIA%2522%2B1997%2BEASTER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl1986" class="citation book cs1">Dahl, Arthur Lyon (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wedocs.unep.org/20.500.11822/30152">Review of the Protected Areas System in Oceania</a>. The Union. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-509-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-509-1"><bdi>978-2-88032-509-1</bdi></a>. <q>Easter Island on the east has been included on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart. The other islands of the eastern Pacific (Galapagos, Juan Fernandez, etc.) have sometimes been included in Oceania.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Review+of+the+Protected+Areas+System+in+Oceania&rft.pub=The+Union&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-2-88032-509-1&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Lyon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwedocs.unep.org%2F20.500.11822%2F30152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helictite.caves.org.au/pdf4/25.01.Issue.Print.pdf">"Oceania Bibliography"</a> (PDF). Helictite: Journal of Australasian Cave Research. 25 (1). 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220322012745/https://helictite.caves.org.au/pdf4/25.01.Issue.Print.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022. <q>This paper covers the region from Irian Jaya (Western New Guinea, a province of New Guinea) in the west to Galapagos Islands (Equador) and Easter Island (Chile) in the east.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Helictite%3A+Journal+of+Australasian+Cave+Research&rft.atitle=Oceania+Bibliography&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelictite.caves.org.au%2Fpdf4%2F25.01.Issue.Print.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillcox1980" class="citation journal cs1">Willcox, R. R. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sti.bmj.com/content/sextrans/56/4/204.full.pdf">"Venereal diseases in the islands of the South Pacific"</a> (PDF). British Journal of Venereal Diseases. 56 (4): 204–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fsti.56.4.204">10.1136/sti.56.4.204</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1045778">1045778</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7427693">7427693</a>. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Venereal+Diseases&rft.atitle=Venereal+diseases+in+the+islands+of+the+South+Pacific&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=204-209&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1045778%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7427693&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fsti.56.4.204&rft.aulast=Willcox&rft.aufirst=R.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsti.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2Fsextrans%2F56%2F4%2F204.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> James, R.E., 1947. The South Pacific Commission. Pacific Affairs, pp.193-198. </li> <li id="cite_note-zug-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zug_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zug_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Zug2013" class="citation book cs1">R. Zug, George (2013). Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reptiles+and+Amphibians+of+the+Pacific+Islands%3A+A+Comprehensive+Guide&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=R.+Zug&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ling-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ling_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ling_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ling_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ling_119-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebeok1971" class="citation book cs1">Sebeok, Thomas Albert (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYouAAAAMAAJ&q=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22">Current Trends in Linguistics: Linguistics in Oceania</a>. the University of Michigan. p. 950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730065403/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Current_Trends_in_Linguistics_Linguistic/lYouAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22&dq=%22multitude%22+oceania+%22linguistics%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022. <q>Most of this account of the influence of the Hispanic languages in Oceania has dealt with the Western Pacific, but the Eastern Pacific has not been without some share of the presence of the Portuguese and Spanish. The Eastern Pacific does not have the multitude of islands so characteristic of the Western regions of this great ocean, but there are some: Easter Island, 2000 miles off the Chilean coast, where a Polynesian tongue, Rapanui, is still spoken; the Juan Fernandez group, 400 miles west of Valparaiso; the Galapagos archipelago, 650 miles west of Ecuador; Malpelo and Cocos, 300 miles off the Colombian and Costa Rican coasts respectively; and others. Not many of these islands have extensive populations — some have been used effectively as prisons — but the official language on each is Spanish.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Trends+in+Linguistics%3A+Linguistics+in+Oceania&rft.pages=950&rft.pub=the+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Sebeok&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlYouAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522multitude%2522%2Boceania%2B%2522linguistics%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lingtai-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lingtai_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lingtai_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1971" class="citation book cs1">Bowen, James Dean (1971). "Japanese in Taiwan". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lYouAAAAMAAJ&q=taiwan+Linguistics+in+Oceania+(2+v.">Linguistics in Oceania, 2</a>. The University of Michigan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064537/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Current_Trends_in_Linguistics_Linguistic/lYouAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=taiwan+Linguistics+in+Oceania+%282+v.&dq=taiwan+Linguistics+in+Oceania+%282+v.&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. 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Canberra: Australian National University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524202017/https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p69411/pdf/book.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Austronesians%3A+Historical+and+comparative+perspectives&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fp69411%2Fpdf%2Fbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiLiOuLu2008" class="citation journal cs1">Li, D.; Li, H.; Ou, C.; Lu, Y.; Sun, Y.; Yang, B.; Qin, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Li, S.; Jin, L. 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Center for Pacific Asia Studies, University of Stockholm. 1996. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064537/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_Stockholm_Journal_of_East_Asian_Stud/qP8uAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22extreme+north%22+%22oceania%22+1996+%22aleutian%22&dq=%22extreme+north%22+%22oceania%22+1996+%22aleutian%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. 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Retrieved 5 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islands&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0520256491&rft.aulast=Clague&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+Rosemary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg9ZogGs_fz8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullen2013" class="citation book cs1">Bullen, Paul (19 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ev3AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22vancouver+island%22+%22oceania%22+%22pacific+region%22&pg=PA134">The Environments of the Poor in Southeast Asia, East Asia and the Pacific</a>. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789814517997" title="Special:BookSources/9789814517997"><bdi>9789814517997</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Environments+of+the+Poor+in+Southeast+Asia%2C+East+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pub=Institute+of+Southeast+Asian+Studies&rft.date=2013-11-19&rft.isbn=9789814517997&rft.aulast=Bullen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ev3AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522vancouver%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522pacific%2Bregion%2522%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ev-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ev_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ev_138-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverett-Heath2017" class="citation book cs1">Everett-Heath, John (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgJCDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22generally+accepted%22+oceania+excluded+japan&pg=PT1171">The Concise Dictionary of World Place Names</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-255646-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-255646-2"><bdi>978-0-19-255646-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 July 2022. <q>It is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Dictionary+of+World+Place+Names&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-255646-2&rft.aulast=Everett-Heath&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqgJCDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522generally%2Baccepted%2522%2Boceania%2Bexcluded%2Bjapan%26pg%3DPT1171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochraneHunt2018" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Ethan E.; Hunt, Terry L. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JZRODwAAQBAJ&dq=%22islands+in+the+pacific+such+as+those+of+japan%22&pg=PA1">The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992507-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-992507-0"><bdi>978-0-19-992507-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 21 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Prehistoric+Oceania&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-19-992507-0&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Ethan+E.&rft.au=Hunt%2C+Terry+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJZRODwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522islands%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bpacific%2Bsuch%2Bas%2Bthose%2Bof%2Bjapan%2522%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoller_Eric2022" class="citation web cs1">Moller Eric (18 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/ainu-spirit-northern-people">"Ainu: Spirit of a Northern People"</a>. Cultural Survival. Retrieved 7 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ainu%3A+Spirit+of+a+Northern+People&rft.pub=Cultural+Survival&rft.date=2022-07-18&rft.au=Moller+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fpublications%2Fcultural-survival-quarterly%2Fainu-spirit-northern-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanihara1977" class="citation book cs1">Hanihara, Kazuro (1977). "Dentition of the Ainu and the Australian Aborigines". Orofacial Growth and Development. pp. 195–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110807554.195">10.1515/9783110807554.195</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7889-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-279-7889-9"><bdi>978-90-279-7889-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dentition+of+the+Ainu+and+the+Australian+Aborigines&rft.btitle=Orofacial+Growth+and+Development&rft.pages=195-200&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110807554.195&rft.isbn=978-90-279-7889-9&rft.aulast=Hanihara&rft.aufirst=Kazuro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNadeauRayamajhi2023" class="citation book cs1">Nadeau, Kathleen; Rayamajhi, Sangita (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KXe5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22hainan%22+%22varying+degrees+of+cultural%22&pg=PA231">Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440862243" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440862243"><bdi>978-1440862243</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Violence%3A+Global+Lives+in+Focus&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1440862243&rft.aulast=Nadeau&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.au=Rayamajhi%2C+Sangita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKXe5DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522hainan%2522%2B%2522varying%2Bdegrees%2Bof%2Bcultural%2522%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenise_Fisher2013" class="citation book cs1">Denise Fisher (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p241101/pdf/book.pdf">France in the South Pacific: Power and Politics</a> (PDF). Canberra: Australian National University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326211929/https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p241101/pdf/book.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+in+the+South+Pacific%3A+Power+and+Politics&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Australian+National+University&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Denise+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fp241101%2Fpdf%2Fbook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pacific-studies.net/datadetails.php?place=4&type=Data&source=3">"pacific-studies.eu: Clipperton Island (France) | The World Factbook"</a>. Pacific-studies.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204075635/https://www.pacific-studies.net/datadetails.php?place=4&type=Data&source=3">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific-studies.net&rft.atitle=pacific-studies.eu%3A+Clipperton+Island+%28France%29+%26%23124%3B+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pacific-studies.net%2Fdatadetails.php%3Fplace%3D4%26type%3DData%26source%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/summary/French-Polynesia">"French Polynesia summary | Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504205135/https://www.britannica.com/summary/French-Polynesia">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=French+Polynesia+summary+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsummary%2FFrench-Polynesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Clipperton-Island">"Clipperton Island | island, Pacific Ocean | Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504205134/https://www.britannica.com/place/Clipperton-Island">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Clipperton+Island+%26%23124%3B+island%2C+Pacific+Ocean+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FClipperton-Island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clipzoo-147"><a href="#cite_ref-clipzoo_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsonAllen1996" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, D. Ross; Allen, Gerald R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/19435">"Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll"</a>. Repository.si.edu. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10088%2F19435">10088/19435</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112172307/https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/19435">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zoogeography+of+the+shorefish+fauna+of+Clipperton+Atoll&rft.pub=Repository.si.edu&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10088%2F19435&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=D.+Ross&rft.au=Allen%2C+Gerald+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.si.edu%2Fhandle%2F10088%2F19435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_SoestKaiserVan_Syoc2011" class="citation journal cs1">Van Soest, Rob W. M.; Kaiser, Kirstie L.; Van Syoc, Robert (29 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2839.1.1">"Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific"</a>. Zootaxa. 2839 (1). Mapress.com: 1–46–1–46. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.296.6640">10.1.1.296.6640</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.2839.1.1">10.11646/zootaxa.2839.1.1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227130813/https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.2839.1.1">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=Sponges+from+Clipperton+Island%2C+East+Pacific&rft.volume=2839&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-46-1-46&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.296.6640%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.2839.1.1&rft.aulast=Van+Soest&rft.aufirst=Rob+W.+M.&rft.au=Kaiser%2C+Kirstie+L.&rft.au=Van+Syoc%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapress.com%2Fzt%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fzootaxa.2839.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoncrieff1907" class="citation book cs1">Moncrieff, Robert Hope (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VPVaAAAAQAAJ&q=%22easter+island%22+%22clipperton+island%22+%22oceania%22">The World of To-day A Survey of the Lands and Peoples of The Globe as Seen in Travel and Commerce: Volume 4</a>. Oxford University. p. 222. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064635/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The_World_of_To_day/VPVaAAAAQAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22easter+island%22+%22clipperton+island%22+%22oceania%22&dq=%22easter+island%22+%22clipperton+island%22+%22oceania%22&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+To-day+A+Survey+of+the+Lands+and+Peoples+of+The+Globe+as+Seen+in+Travel+and+Commerce%3A+Volume+4&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Moncrieff&rft.aufirst=Robert+Hope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPVaAAAAQAAJ%26q%3D%2522easter%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522clipperton%2Bisland%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-janick-150"><a href="#cite_ref-janick_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanick2010" class="citation book cs1">Janick, Jules (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DrXCupIJVQMC&dq=%22galapagos%22+%22oceania%22+%22polynesia%22&pg=PA146">Horticultural Reviews, Volume 36</a>. Wiley. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0470527221" title="Special:BookSources/978-0470527221"><bdi>978-0470527221</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730064634/https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/Horticultural_Reviews_Volume_36/DrXCupIJVQMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22galapagos%22+%22oceania%22+%22polynesia%22&pg=PA146&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022. <q>Oceania is a broadly applied term for the thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean. They range from extremely small, uninhabited islands, to large ones, including Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea. Oceania is further grouped into three regions, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. There a few other Pacific island groups that do not fit into these groupings, such as Galapagos.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horticultural+Reviews%2C+Volume+36&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0470527221&rft.aulast=Janick&rft.aufirst=Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDrXCupIJVQMC%26dq%3D%2522galapagos%2522%2B%2522oceania%2522%2B%2522polynesia%2522%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelsch2004" class="citation cs1">Welsch, Bernhard (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25169675">"Was Marcus Island Discovered by Bernardo de la Torre in 1543?"</a>. Journal of Pacific History. Vol. 39. 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Central Intelligence Agency. 24 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032949/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/christmas-island/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cia.gov&rft.atitle=Christmas+Island&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fchristmas-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1982" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, David (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lRV1FozOqQAC&pg=PA502">South Pacific Handbook</a>. 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Retrieved 19 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bluejapan.org&rft.atitle=Climate+And+Seasons+%E2%80%93+Blue+Japan+en+fran%C3%A7ais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbluejapan.org%2Ffr%2Fgeography%2Fclimate-and-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scimag-180"><a href="#cite_ref-scimag_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenGuoWangLohmueller2011" class="citation journal cs1">Rasmussen, Morten; Guo, Xiaosen; Wang, Yong; Lohmueller, Kirk E.; Rasmussen, Simon; Albrechtsen, Anders; Skotte, Line; Lindgreen, Stinus; Metspalu, Mait; Jombart, Thibaut; Kivisild, Toomas; Zhai, Weiwei; Eriksson, Anders; Manica, Andrea; Orlando, Ludovic; Vega, Francisco M. De La; Tridico, Silvana; Metspalu, Ene; Nielsen, Kasper; Ávila-Arcos, María C.; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Muller, Craig; Dortch, Joe; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Lund, Ole; Wesolowska, Agata; Karmin, Monika; Weinert, Lucy A.; Wang, Bo; Li, Jun; Tai, Shuaishuai; Xiao, Fei; Hanihara, Tsunehiko; Driem, George van; Jha, Aashish R.; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Knijff, Peter de; Migliano, Andrea B.; Romero, Irene Gallego; Kristiansen, Karsten; Lambert, David M.; Brunak, Søren; Forster, Peter; Brinkmann, Bernd; Nehlich, Olaf; Bunce, Michael; Richards, Michael; Gupta, Ramneek; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Krogh, Anders; Foley, Robert A.; Lahr, Marta M.; <a href="/wiki/Francois_Balloux" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Balloux">Balloux, Francois</a>; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Villems, Richard; Nielsen, Rasmus; Wang, Jun; Willerslev, Eske (7 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991479">"An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia"</a>. Science. 334 (6052): 94–98. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...334...94R">2011Sci...334...94R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1211177">10.1126/science.1211177</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3991479">3991479</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21940856">21940856</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=An+Aboriginal+Australian+Genome+Reveals+Separate+Human+Dispersals+into+Asia&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6052&rft.pages=94-98&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3991479%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21940856&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1211177&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...334...94R&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Morten&rft.au=Guo%2C+Xiaosen&rft.au=Wang%2C+Yong&rft.au=Lohmueller%2C+Kirk+E.&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Simon&rft.au=Albrechtsen%2C+Anders&rft.au=Skotte%2C+Line&rft.au=Lindgreen%2C+Stinus&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Mait&rft.au=Jombart%2C+Thibaut&rft.au=Kivisild%2C+Toomas&rft.au=Zhai%2C+Weiwei&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+Anders&rft.au=Manica%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Orlando%2C+Ludovic&rft.au=Vega%2C+Francisco+M.+De+La&rft.au=Tridico%2C+Silvana&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Ene&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Kasper&rft.au=%C3%81vila-Arcos%2C+Mar%C3%ADa+C.&rft.au=Moreno-Mayar%2C+J.+V%C3%ADctor&rft.au=Muller%2C+Craig&rft.au=Dortch%2C+Joe&rft.au=Gilbert%2C+M.+Thomas+P.&rft.au=Lund%2C+Ole&rft.au=Wesolowska%2C+Agata&rft.au=Karmin%2C+Monika&rft.au=Weinert%2C+Lucy+A.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Bo&rft.au=Li%2C+Jun&rft.au=Tai%2C+Shuaishuai&rft.au=Xiao%2C+Fei&rft.au=Hanihara%2C+Tsunehiko&rft.au=Driem%2C+George+van&rft.au=Jha%2C+Aashish+R.&rft.au=Ricaut%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier&rft.au=Knijff%2C+Peter+de&rft.au=Migliano%2C+Andrea+B.&rft.au=Romero%2C+Irene+Gallego&rft.au=Kristiansen%2C+Karsten&rft.au=Lambert%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Brunak%2C+S%C3%B8ren&rft.au=Forster%2C+Peter&rft.au=Brinkmann%2C+Bernd&rft.au=Nehlich%2C+Olaf&rft.au=Bunce%2C+Michael&rft.au=Richards%2C+Michael&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Ramneek&rft.au=Bustamante%2C+Carlos+D.&rft.au=Krogh%2C+Anders&rft.au=Foley%2C+Robert+A.&rft.au=Lahr%2C+Marta+M.&rft.au=Balloux%2C+Francois&rft.au=Sicheritz-Pont%C3%A9n%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Villems%2C+Richard&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+Rasmus&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jun&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+Eske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3991479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-illumina.com-181"><a href="#cite_ref-illumina.com_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illumina.com/documents/icommunity/article_2012_04_Aboriginal_Genome.pdf">"Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout"</a> (PDF). illumina.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430044039/https://www.illumina.com/documents/icommunity/article_2012_04_Aboriginal_Genome.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2022. <q>A lock of hair and the HiSeq 2000 system identify a human migration wave that took more than 3,000 generations and 10,000 years to complete.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=illumina.com&rft.atitle=Sequencing+Uncovers+a+9%2C000+Mile+Walkabout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illumina.com%2Fdocuments%2Ficommunity%2Farticle_2012_04_Aboriginal_Genome.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBSRC-182"><a href="#cite_ref-BBSRC_182-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_23-9-2011-10-41-8">"Aboriginal Australians descend from the first humans to leave Africa, DNA sequence reveals"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103055/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_23-9-2011-10-41-8">Archived</a> 2014-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). </li> <li id="cite_note-ourcount-183"><a href="#cite_ref-ourcount_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country">"About Australia: Our Country"</a>. 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Science. 309 (5743): 2072–2075. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...309.2072D">2005Sci...309.2072D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1114615">10.1126/science.1114615</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0013-1B84-E">11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1B84-E</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16179483">16179483</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2963726">2963726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Structural+phylogenetics+and+the+reconstruction+of+ancient+language+history&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=5743&rft.pages=2072-2075&rft.date=2005-09-23&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0013-1B84-E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2963726%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Sci...309.2072D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16179483&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1114615&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Terrill%2C+Angela&rft.au=Reesink%2C+Ger&rft.au=Foley%2C+Robert+A.&rft.au=Levinson%2C+Stephen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-malenes-190"><a href="#cite_ref-malenes_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpriggs,_Matthew1997" class="citation book cs1">Spriggs, Matthew (1997). The Island Melanesians. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-16727-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-16727-3"><bdi>978-0-631-16727-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Island+Melanesians&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-631-16727-3&rft.au=Spriggs%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lapita-191"><a href="#cite_ref-lapita_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirch1997" class="citation book cs1">Kirch, Patrick Vinton (1997). The Lapita Peoples: Ancestors of the Oceanic World. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-036-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57718-036-4"><bdi>978-1-57718-036-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lapita+Peoples%3A+Ancestors+of+the+Oceanic+World&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-57718-036-4&rft.aulast=Kirch&rft.aufirst=Patrick+Vinton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOS-192"><a href="#cite_ref-USDOS_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1839.htm">"Background Note: Micronesia"</a>. United States Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604190535/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1839.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Micronesia&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F1839.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google-193"><a href="#cite_ref-books.google_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1988" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, William N. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B3Z-aH7govUC">Prehistoric Architecture in Micronesia</a>. University of Texas Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78621-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-78621-9"><bdi>978-0-292-78621-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616140015/http://books.google.com/books?id=B3Z-aH7govUC">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2013. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Architecture+in+Micronesia&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-292-78621-9&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=William+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB3Z-aH7govUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-races165-194"><a href="#cite_ref-races165_194-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american_pacific/oceania/orientation.htm">The History of Mankind</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927110432/http://www.inquirewithin.biz/history/american_pacific/oceania/orientation.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Professor Friedrich Ratzel, Book II, Section A, The Races of Oceania p. 165, picture of a stick chart from the Marshall Islands. MacMillan and Co., published 1896. </li> <li id="cite_note-matrilineality2003-195"><a href="#cite_ref-matrilineality2003_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHageMarck2003" class="citation journal cs1">Hage, P.; Marck, J. (2003). "Matrilineality and Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y Chromosomes". Current Anthropology. 44 (S5): S121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F379272">10.1086/379272</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224791767">224791767</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Matrilineality+and+Melanesian+Origin+of+Polynesian+Y+Chromosomes&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=S5&rft.pages=S121&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F379272&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224791767%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hage&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Marck%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kayser,_M._2006-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Kayser,_M._2006_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayserBrauerCordauxCasto2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kayser, M.; Brauer, S.; Cordaux, R.; Casto, A.; Lao, O.; Zhivotovsky, L.A.; Moyse-Faurie, C.; Rutledge, R.B.; et al. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsl093">"Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific"</a>. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (11): 2234–2244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsl093">10.1093/molbev/msl093</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0">11858/00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16923821">16923821</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Melanesian+and+Asian+origins+of+Polynesians%3A+mtDNA+and+Y+chromosome+gradients+across+the+Pacific&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2234-2244&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16923821&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsl093&rft.aulast=Kayser&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Brauer%2C+S.&rft.au=Cordaux%2C+R.&rft.au=Casto%2C+A.&rft.au=Lao%2C+O.&rft.au=Zhivotovsky%2C+L.A.&rft.au=Moyse-Faurie%2C+C.&rft.au=Rutledge%2C+R.B.&rft.au=Schiefenhoevel%2C+W.&rft.au=Gil%2C+D&rft.au=Lin%2C+A.A.&rft.au=Underhill%2C+P.A.&rft.au=Oefner%2C+P.J.&rft.au=Trent%2C+R.J.&rft.au=Stoneking%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fmolbev%252Fmsl093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-polyori8225-197"><a href="#cite_ref-polyori8225_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuUnderhillMartinsonSaha2000" class="citation journal cs1">Su, B.; Underhill, P.; Martinson, J.; Saha, N.; McGarvey, S.T.; Shriver, M.D.; Chu, J.; Oefner, P.; Chakraborty, R.; Chakraborty, R.; Deka, R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26928">"Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences">PNAS</a>. 97 (15): 8225–8228. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PNAS...97.8225S">2000PNAS...97.8225S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.97.15.8225">10.1073/pnas.97.15.8225</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26928">26928</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10899994">10899994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Polynesian+origins%3A+Insights+from+the+Y+chromosome&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=8225-8228&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC26928%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10899994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.97.15.8225&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000PNAS...97.8225S&rft.aulast=Su&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Underhill%2C+P.&rft.au=Martinson%2C+J.&rft.au=Saha%2C+N.&rft.au=McGarvey%2C+S.T.&rft.au=Shriver%2C+M.D.&rft.au=Chu%2C+J.&rft.au=Oefner%2C+P.&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+R.&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+R.&rft.au=Deka%2C+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC26928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wings-198"><a href="#cite_ref-wings_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirch2000" class="citation book cs1">Kirch, P.V. (2000). On the road of the wings: an archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact. London: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23461-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23461-1"><bdi>978-0-520-23461-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+road+of+the+wings%3A+an+archaeological+history+of+the+Pacific+Islands+before+European+contact&rft.place=London&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23461-1&rft.aulast=Kirch&rft.aufirst=P.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> Quoted in Kayser, M.; et al. (2006). </li> <li id="cite_note-Leach_&_Green_1989-199"><a href="#cite_ref-Leach_&_Green_1989_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeachGreen1989" class="citation journal cs1">Leach, Helen M.; Green, Roger C. (1989). "New information for the Ferry Berth site, Mulifanua, western Samoa". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 98 (3): 319–329. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20706295">20706295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Polynesian+Society&rft.atitle=New+information+for+the+Ferry+Berth+site%2C+Mulifanua%2C+western+Samoa&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=319-329&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20706295%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Leach&rft.aufirst=Helen+M.&rft.au=Green%2C+Roger+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-burley128-200"><a href="#cite_ref-burley128_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurleyBartonDickinsonConnaughton2010" class="citation journal cs1">Burley, David V.; Barton, Andrew; Dickinson, William R.; Connaughton, Sean P.; Taché, Karine (2010). "Nukuleka as a Founder Colony for West Polynesian Settlement: New Insights from Recent Excavations". Journal of Pacific Archaeology. 1 (2): 128–144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pacific+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Nukuleka+as+a+Founder+Colony+for+West+Polynesian+Settlement%3A+New+Insights+from+Recent+Excavations&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=128-144&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Burley&rft.aufirst=David+V.&rft.au=Barton%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Dickinson%2C+William+R.&rft.au=Connaughton%2C+Sean+P.&rft.au=Tach%C3%A9%2C+Karine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vikings228-201"><a href="#cite_ref-vikings228_201-0">^</a> Resemblance of the name to an early <a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangarevan</a> founder god Atu Motua ("Father Lord") has made some historians suspect that Hotu Matua was added to Easter Island mythology only in the 1860s, along with adopting the Mangarevan language. The "real" founder would have been Tu'u ko Iho, who became just a supporting character in Hotu Matuʻa centric legends. See Steven Fischer (1994). Rapanui's Tu'u ko Iho Versus Mangareva's 'Atu Motua. Evidence for Multiple Reanalysis and Replacement in Rapanui Settlement Traditions, Easter Island. The Journal of Pacific History, 29(1), 3–18. See also Rapa Nui / Geography, History and Religion. Peter H. Buck, Vikings of the Pacific, University of Chicago Press, 1938. pp. 228–236. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/rapanui/rapa1.html">Online version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050523092130/http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/rapanui/rapa1.html">Archived</a> 2005-05-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-hawaii-202"><a href="#cite_ref-hawaii_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040928070714/http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/rapanui/hotu.html">"The Hotu Matua"</a>. archive.hokulea.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.hokulea.com/rapanui/hotu.html">the original</a> on 28 September 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.hokulea.com&rft.atitle=The+Hotu+Matua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.hokulea.com%2Frapanui%2Fhotu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-failor89-203"><a href="#cite_ref-failor89_203-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Diamond, Jared</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed" title="Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed">Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed</a>. Penguin Books: 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303655-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-303655-6">0-14-303655-6</a>. Chapter 2: Twilight at Easter pp. 79–119. p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-scimag23874-204"><a href="#cite_ref-scimag23874_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntLipo2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hunt, Terry L.; Lipo, Carl P. (17 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1121879">"Late Colonization of Easter Island"</a>. Science. 311 (5767): 1603–1606. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...311.1603H">2006Sci...311.1603H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1121879">10.1126/science.1121879</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16527931">16527931</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41685107">41685107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Late+Colonization+of+Easter+Island&rft.volume=311&rft.issue=5767&rft.pages=1603-1606&rft.date=2006-03-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1121879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41685107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16527931&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Sci...311.1603H&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Terry+L.&rft.au=Lipo%2C+Carl+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.1121879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fernandez-Armesto_2006_305–307-205"><a href="#cite_ref-Fernandez-Armesto_2006_305–307_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez-Armesto2006" class="citation book cs1">Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pathfindersgloba00fern/page/305">Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration</a>. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pathfindersgloba00fern/page/305">305–307</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06259-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06259-5"><bdi>978-0-393-06259-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pathfinders%3A+A+Global+History+of+Exploration&rft.pages=305-307&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06259-5&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Armesto&rft.aufirst=Felipe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpathfindersgloba00fern%2Fpage%2F305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-discos19-206"><a href="#cite_ref-discos19_206-0">^</a> J.P. Sigmond and L.H. Zuiderbaan (1979) Dutch Discoveries of Australia. 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ANU E Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921666-68-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-921666-68-1"><bdi>978-1-921666-68-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221445/http://epress.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Reconciliation+and+Architectures+of+Commitment%3A+Sequencing+peace+in+Bougainville/5301/ch07.xhtml">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. 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Grolier Incorporated. 1997. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-2068-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-2068-7"><bdi>978-0-7172-2068-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421165702/https://books.google.com/books?id=cF8NAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. 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University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2265-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2265-1"><bdi>978-0-8248-2265-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421164832/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5pPpJl8E5wC&pg=PA63">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. 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Infobase Publishing. p. 521. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1913-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC&pg=PA521">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2016. 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Retrieved 5 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mauna+Kea+Volcano%2C+Hawaii&rft.pub=Hvo.wr.usgs.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhvo.wr.usgs.gov%2Fvolcanoes%2Fmaunakea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-envigov2012-243"><a href="#cite_ref-envigov2012_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104114011/http://environment.gov.au/parks/national-landscapes/index.html">"Parks and Reserves – Australia's National Landscapes"</a>. Environment.gov.au. 23 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/national-landscapes/index.html">the original</a> on 4 January 2012. 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"Cattle, crops and clearing: Regional drivers of landscape change in the Brigalow Belt, Queensland, Australia, 1840–2004". Landscape and Urban Planning. 78 (4): 375–376. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006LUrbP..78..373S">2006LUrbP..78..373S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2005.11.007">10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.11.007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+and+Urban+Planning&rft.atitle=Cattle%2C+crops+and+clearing%3A+Regional+drivers+of+landscape+change+in+the+Brigalow+Belt%2C+Queensland%2C+Australia%2C+1840%E2%80%932004&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=375-376&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.landurbplan.2005.11.007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006LUrbP..78..373S&rft.aulast=Seabrooka&rft.aufirst=Leonie&rft.au=McAlpinea%2C+Clive&rft.au=Fenshamb%2C+Rod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-uplands-246"><a href="#cite_ref-uplands_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa0705">"Einasleigh upland savanna"</a>. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Einasleigh+upland+savanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Faa0705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdowns-247"><a href="#cite_ref-gdowns_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa0707">"Mitchell grass downs"</a>. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Mitchell+grass+downs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Faa0707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mulgas-248"><a href="#cite_ref-mulgas_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa0802">"Eastern Australia mulga shrublands"</a>. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Eastern+Australia+mulga+shrublands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Faa0802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tempera-249"><a href="#cite_ref-tempera_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa0803">"Southeast Australia temperate savanna"</a>. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 16 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Southeast+Australia+temperate+savanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Faa0803&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-savanna-250"><a href="#cite_ref-savanna_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa0701">"Arnhem Land tropical savanna"</a>. Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. 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Checkmark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816039739" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816039739"><bdi>978-0816039739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tropical+Rainforest%3A+Our+Most+Valuable+and+Endangered+Habitat+With+a+Blueprint+for+Its+Survival+Into+the+Third+Millennium&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Checkmark&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0816039739&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftropicalrainfore00newm_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newzat-252"><a href="#cite_ref-newzat_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie1987" class="citation book cs1">McKenzie, D.W. (1987). Heinemann New Zealand atlas. <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0187-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7900-0187-6"><bdi>978-0-7900-0187-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinemann+New+Zealand+atlas&rft.pub=Heinemann+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-7900-0187-6&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=D.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vascplant-253"><a href="#cite_ref-vascplant_253-0">^</a> NZPCN (2006). 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Retrieved 15 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaiian+Native+Plant+Propagation+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctahr.hawaii.edu%2Fhawnprop%2Fplants%2Fbri-insi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forgotpol-255"><a href="#cite_ref-forgotpol_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_BuchmannGary_Paul_Nabhan2012" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Buchmann; Gary Paul Nabhan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YWTZs5fSqb8C&pg=PA133">The Forgotten Pollinators</a>. Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1597269087" title="Special:BookSources/978-1597269087"><bdi>978-1597269087</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Pollinators&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1597269087&rft.au=Stephen+Buchmann&rft.au=Gary+Paul+Nabhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYWTZs5fSqb8C%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-256"><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2017" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/103734840/157467789">"Petroica pusilla"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2017: e.T103734840A157467789. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103734840A157467789.en</a>. 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Melbourne: OUP. p. 1178. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220418051319/https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/sites/all/files/302_Sacred%20Kingfisher_0.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2022. 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Retrieved on 16 January 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-AOML_FAQ_G1-278"><a href="#cite_ref-AOML_FAQ_G1_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtlantic_Oceanographic_and_Meteorological_Laboratory_–_Hurricane_Research_Division" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Oceanographic_and_Meteorological_Laboratory" title="Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory">Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory – Hurricane Research Division</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html">"Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174608/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+When+is+hurricane+season%3F&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.au=Atlantic+Oceanographic+and+Meteorological+Laboratory+%E2%80%93+Hurricane+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fhrd%2Ftcfaq%2FG1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-climatea-279"><a href="#cite_ref-climatea_279-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Climate_Centre" class="citation web cs1">National Climate Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20090317054300/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/ausclim/ausclim.html">"BOM – Climate of Australia"</a>. webarchive.nla.gov.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/ausclim/ausclim.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webarchive.nla.gov.au&rft.atitle=BOM+%E2%80%93+Climate+of+Australia&rft.au=National+Climate+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Flam%2Fclimate%2Flevelthree%2Fausclim%2Fausclim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-precip376-280"><a href="#cite_ref-precip376_280-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_LinacreBart_Geerts1997" class="citation book cs1">Edward Linacre; Bart Geerts (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uwQ7FulHCCsC&pg=PA376">"Precipitation in Australia"</a>. Climates and Weather of Australia. Routledge. p. 376. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-12519-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-12519-2"><bdi>978-0-415-12519-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220424122343/https://books.google.com/books?id=uwQ7FulHCCsC&pg=PA376">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Precipitation+in+Australia&rft.btitle=Climates+and+Weather+of+Australia&rft.pages=376&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-12519-2&rft.au=Edward+Linacre&rft.au=Bart+Geerts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuwQ7FulHCCsC%26pg%3DPA376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-enviclim-281"><a href="#cite_ref-enviclim_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalrond2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Walrond, Carl (March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/natural-environment/3">"Natural environment – Climate"</a>. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120165411/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/natural-environment/3">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Natural+environment+%E2%80%93+Climate&rft.btitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-03&rft.aulast=Walrond&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.TeAra.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fnatural-environment%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-niwaco-282"><a href="#cite_ref-niwaco_282-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/meanrain">Mean monthly rainfall</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140624/https://www.niwa.co.nz/education-and-training/schools/resources/climate/meanrain">Archived</a> 6 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, NIWA. </li> <li id="cite_note-tele141116-283"><a href="#cite_ref-tele141116_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2011" class="citation news cs1">Chapman, Paul (15 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/8701481/Once-in-a-lifetime-snow-storm-hits-New-Zealand.html">"'Once in a lifetime' snow storm hits New Zealand"</a>. Telegraph.co.uk. Wellington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/8701481/Once-in-a-lifetime-snow-storm-hits-New-Zealand.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=%27Once+in+a+lifetime%27+snow+storm+hits+New+Zealand&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Faustraliaandthepacific%2Fnewzealand%2F8701481%2FOnce-in-a-lifetime-snow-storm-hits-New-Zealand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-loveb20120703-284"><a href="#cite_ref-loveb20120703_284-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lovebigisland.com/hawaii-blog/climate-zones-big-island/">"Island of Hawaii: climate zones"</a>. lovebigisland.com. 23 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094244/https://www.lovebigisland.com/hawaii-blog/climate-zones-big-island/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Island+of+Hawaii%3A+climate+zones&rft.pub=lovebigisland.com&rft.date=2012-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lovebigisland.com%2Fhawaii-blog%2Fclimate-zones-big-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubaff042700-285"><a href="#cite_ref-pubaff042700_285-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130107012415/http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2000/apr00/noaa00r235.html">"National Weather Service Dedicated Forecast Office in Typhoon Alley"</a>. US NOAA NWS. 27 April 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/releases2000/apr00/noaa00r235.html">the original</a> on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Weather+Service+Dedicated+Forecast+Office+in+Typhoon+Alley&rft.pub=US+NOAA+NWS&rft.date=2000-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairs.noaa.gov%2Freleases2000%2Fapr00%2Fnoaa00r235.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bomgovdai-286"><a href="#cite_ref-bomgovdai_286-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/extremes/daily_extremes.cgi?period=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fclimate%2Fextremes%2Fdaily_extremes.cgi&climtab=tmax_high&area=aus&year=2013&mon=1&day=11">"Official records for Australia in January"</a>. Daily Extremes. Bureau of Meteorology. 31 July 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215953/http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/climate/extremes/daily_extremes.cgi?period=%2Fcgi-bin%2Fclimate%2Fextremes%2Fdaily_extremes.cgi&climtab=tmax_high&area=aus&year=2013&mon=1&day=11">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Extremes&rft.atitle=Official+records+for+Australia+in+January&rft.date=2013-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fclimate%2Fextremes%2Fdaily_extremes.cgi%3Fperiod%3D%252Fcgi-bin%252Fclimate%252Fextremes%252Fdaily_extremes.cgi%26climtab%3Dtmax_high%26area%3Daus%26year%3D2013%26mon%3D1%26day%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-herald120611-287"><a href="#cite_ref-herald120611_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10737901">"NZ's temperature record hits new low – minus 25.6degC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>. 12 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711224734/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10737901">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=NZ%27s+temperature+record+hits+new+low+%E2%80%93+minus+25.6degC&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D10737901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-werigu-288"><a href="#cite_ref-werigu_288-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035749/http://www.weriguam.org/docs/reports/100.pdf">"Rainfall Climatology for Pohnpei Islands, Federated States of Micronesia"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weriguam.org/docs/reports/100.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rainfall+Climatology+for+Pohnpei+Islands%2C+Federated+States+of+Micronesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weriguam.org%2Fdocs%2Freports%2F100.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-matology105-289"><a href="#cite_ref-matology105_289-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongmanGiambellucaNulletLoope2015" class="citation report cs1">Longman, Ryan J.; Giambelluca, Thomas W.; Nullet, Michael A.; Loope, Lloyd L. (July 2015). Climatology of Haleakalā (Report). pp. 105–106. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F36675">10125/36675</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Climatology+of+Haleakal%C4%81&rft.pages=105-106&rft.date=2015-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F36675&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Ryan+J.&rft.au=Giambelluca%2C+Thomas+W.&rft.au=Nullet%2C+Michael+A.&rft.au=Loope%2C+Lloyd+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-region-290"><a href="#cite_ref-region_290-0">^</a> Regions and constituents as per <a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_geographical_subregions.png" title="File:United Nations geographical subregions.png">UN categorisations/map</a> except <a href="#endnote_CCAU">notes 2–3</a>, 6. Depending on definitions, various territories cited below (notes 3, 5–7, 9) may be in <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_spanning_more_than_one_continent" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries spanning more than one continent">one or both of</a> Oceania and Asia or North America. </li> <li id="cite_note-Australasia-291"><a href="#cite_ref-Australasia_291-0">^</a> The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand". </li> <li id="cite_note-nzpol-292"><a href="#cite_ref-nzpol_292-0">^</a> New Zealand is often considered part of Polynesia rather than <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Melanesia-293"><a href="#cite_ref-Melanesia_293-0">^</a> Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region. </li> <li id="cite_note-note000-294"><a href="#cite_ref-note000_294-0">^</a> According to the Act of Papua Autonomy (Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua) section 2 verse 2, the province itself has its own flag and arms, similar to other provinces. However, the flag and arms are not representations of sovereignty over the Republic of Indonesia. </li> <li id="cite_note-papauto-295"><a href="#cite_ref-papauto_295-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712195402/http://www.kinerja.or.id/pdf/8bbcd469-bc2c-4d89-bf63-c2d81804ae27.pdf">"UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI PROVINSI PAPUA"</a> (PDF). 12 July 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinerja.or.id/pdf/8bbcd469-bc2c-4d89-bf63-c2d81804ae27.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNDANG-UNDANG+REPUBLIK+INDONESIA+NOMOR+21+TAHUN+2001+TENTANG+OTONOMI+KHUSUS+BAGI+PROVINSI+PAPUA&rft.date=2017-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinerja.or.id%2Fpdf%2F8bbcd469-bc2c-4d89-bf63-c2d81804ae27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-note111-296"><a href="#cite_ref-note111_296-0">^</a> West Papua was split from Papua province in 2003 but still retain autonomous status </li> <li id="cite_note-rnzi07-297"><a href="#cite_ref-rnzi07_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=29965">"Papuan province changes name from West Irian Jaya to West Papua"</a>. Radio New Zealand International. 7 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217013012/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=29965">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papuan+province+changes+name+from+West+Irian+Jaya+to+West+Papua&rft.pub=Radio+New+Zealand+International&rft.date=2007-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnzi.com%2Fpages%2Fnews.php%3Fop%3Dread%26id%3D29965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pngaus-298"><a href="#cite_ref-pngaus_298-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> is often considered part of <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a>. It is sometimes included in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Palau-299"><a href="#cite_ref-Palau_299-0">^</a> On 7 October 2006, government officials moved their offices in the former capital of <a href="/wiki/Koror" title="Koror">Koror</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ngerulmud" title="Ngerulmud">Ngerulmud</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Melekeok" title="Melekeok">Melekeok</a>, located 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Koror on <a href="/wiki/Babeldaob" title="Babeldaob">Babelthuap Island</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-ASamoa-300"><a href="#cite_ref-ASamoa_300-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Fagatogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagatogo">Fagatogo</a> is the seat of government of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12016?OpenDocument">"3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Cuisine&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Tourism+Guide&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.net.nz%2Fnew-zealand%2Fnz%2Fcuisine-and-dining&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaipakeha-419"><a href="#cite_ref-kaipakeha_419-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrie2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Petrie, Hazel (November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/kai-pakeha-introduced-foods">"Kai Pākehā – introduced foods"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170527070948/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kai-pakeha-introduced-foods">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kai+P%C4%81keh%C4%81+%E2%80%93+introduced+foods&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2008-11&rft.aulast=Petrie&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fkai-pakeha-introduced-foods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclnzshell-420"><a href="#cite_ref-encyclnzshell_420-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhaanga2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Whaanga, Mere (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/mataitai-shellfish-gathering/page-6">"Mātaitai – shellfish gathering"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611193911/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/mataitai-shellfish-gathering/page-6">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=M%C4%81taitai+%E2%80%93+shellfish+gathering&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2006-06&rft.aulast=Whaanga&rft.aufirst=Mere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmataitai-shellfish-gathering%2Fpage-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecyclnzshell222-421"><a href="#cite_ref-ecyclnzshell222_421-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/shellfish">"Story: Shellfish"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908224002/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/shellfish">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Story%3A+Shellfish&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fshellfish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclnzcook-422"><a href="#cite_ref-encyclnzcook_422-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Burton, David (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/cooking/page-2">"Cooking – Cooking methods"</a>. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220093052/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/cooking/page-2">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cooking+%E2%80%93+Cooking+methods&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2013-09&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fcooking%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dancesiva-423"><a href="#cite_ref-dancesiva_423-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoa.co.uk/dance.html">"Dance: Siva"</a>. Samoa.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180925092515/http://www.samoa.co.uk/dance.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Samoa.co.uk&rft.atitle=Dance%3A+Siva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoa.co.uk%2Fdance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wwpride-424"><a href="#cite_ref-wwpride_424-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090330024149/http://www.oma-online.org/worn_with_pride_04.html">"Worn With Pride – Tatau (Tatoo)"</a>. Oceanside Museum of Art. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oma-online.org/worn_with_pride_04.html">the original</a> on 30 March 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanside+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Worn+With+Pride+%E2%80%93+Tatau+%28Tatoo%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oma-online.org%2Fworn_with_pride_04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-artino-425"><a href="#cite_ref-artino_425-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunt2012" class="citation book cs1">Brunt, Peter (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artinoceanianewh0000unse/page/410">Art in Oceania: A New History</a>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artinoceanianewh0000unse/page/410">410–497</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19028-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19028-1"><bdi>978-0-300-19028-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+Oceania%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=410-497&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19028-1&rft.aulast=Brunt&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartinoceanianewh0000unse%2Fpage%2F410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oce-426"><a href="#cite_ref-oce_426-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Encyclopedia" title="Hutchinson Encyclopedia">Hutchinson Encyclopedia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0039821.html">Oceanic art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515024646/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0039821.html">Archived</a> 15 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 23 June 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-mettime-427"><a href="#cite_ref-mettime_427-0">^</a> Met Timeline of Art History, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/oc/ht02oc.htm">Oceania, 80000–2000 BCE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614002850/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/oc/ht02oc.htm">Archived</a> 2021-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 22 June 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-rockart531-428"><a href="#cite_ref-rockart531_428-0">^</a> Taçon, Paul S.C. (2001). "Australia". In Whitely, David S.. 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Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Powerful+growth+of+Aboriginal+art&rft.date=2005-11-06&rft.aulast=Henly&rft.aufirst=Susan+Gough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F11%2F06%2Farts%2F06iht-aborigine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mettime4-430"><a href="#cite_ref-mettime4_430-0">^</a> Met Timeline of Art History <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/TOAH/hd/ubir/hd_ubir.htm">Ubirr (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 40,000 BCE–present)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019185309/https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ubir/hd_ubir.htm">Archived</a> 2021-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WalesOnline&rft.atitle=Warren+Gatland+failed+to+learn+lessons+of+2015+%26%23124%3B+Graham+Price&rft.date=2019-11-03&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fsport%2Frugby%2Frugby-news%2Fwarren-gatland-six-nations-hit-17190027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rl-443"><a href="#cite_ref-rl_443-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_league/7671217.stm">"PNG vow to upset World Cup odds"</a>. Rugby League. 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Retrieved 3 July 2009. <q>But it would still be one of the biggest shocks in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_World_Cup_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby League World Cup Records">World Cup history</a> if Papua New Guinea – the only country to have Rugby League as its national Sport – were to qualify for the last 4.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rugby+League&rft.atitle=PNG+vow+to+upset+World+Cup+odds&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_league%2F7671217.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rugby66-444"><a href="#cite_ref-rugby66_444-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/R/RugbyLeagueFootball/RugbyLeagueFootball/en">"Rugby League Football – 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand"</a>. 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Commonwealthgames.com.au. 31 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220112172302/https://commonwealthgames.com.au/national-sporting-agenda-announcement/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Sporting+Agenda+Announcement+%26%23124%3B+Commonwealth+Games+Australia&rft.pub=Commonwealthgames.com.au&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonwealthgames.com.au%2Fnational-sporting-agenda-announcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-459"><a href="#cite_ref-459">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qld.gov.au/about/Brisbane2032">"Brisbane2032 | About Queensland and its government | Queensland Government"</a>. Qld.gov.au. 21 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111154204/https://www.qld.gov.au/about/Brisbane2032">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane2032+%26%23124%3B+About+Queensland+and+its+government+%26%23124%3B+Queensland+Government&rft.pub=Qld.gov.au&rft.date=2021-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qld.gov.au%2Fabout%2FBrisbane2032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc20140703-460"><a href="#cite_ref-abc20140703_460-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-03/australia-and-new-zealand-to-compete-in-pacific-games/5568956">"Australia and New Zealand to compete in Pacific Games"</a>. ABC News. 3 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150423003643/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-03/australia-and-new-zealand-to-compete-in-pacific-games/5568956">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Australia+and+New+Zealand+to+compete+in+Pacific+Games&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-07-03%2Faustralia-and-new-zealand-to-compete-in-pacific-games%2F5568956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-461"><a href="#cite_ref-461">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/Australian-Open">"Australian Open | tennis tournament | Britannica"</a>. Britannica.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220712125009/https://www.britannica.com/sports/Australian-Open">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica.com&rft.atitle=Australian+Open+%26%23124%3B+tennis+tournament+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2FAustralian-Open&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisonHirstMacintyre1998" class="citation book cs1">Davison, Graeme; <a href="/wiki/John_Hirst_(historian)" title="John Hirst (historian)">Hirst, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Macintyre" title="Stuart Macintyre">Macintyre, Stuart</a> (1998). The Oxford Companion to Australian History. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-553597-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-553597-9"><bdi>0-19-553597-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Australian+History&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-553597-9&rft.aulast=Davison&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft.au=Hirst%2C+John&rft.au=Macintyre%2C+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJupp" class="citation book cs1">Jupp, James (2001). The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people, and their origins. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80789-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80789-0"><bdi>978-0-521-80789-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+people%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+the+nation%2C+its+people%2C+and+their+origins&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80789-0&rft.aulast=Jupp&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_&_Wigen,_The_Myth_of_Continents1997" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Martin W.; <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4ren_Wigen" title="Kären Wigen">Wigen, Kären E.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2as0sWxFBAC">The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography</a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20743-1"><bdi>978-0-520-20743-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Continents%3A+a+Critique+of+Metageography&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20743-1&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Martin+W.&rft.au=Wigen%2C+K%C3%A4ren+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2as0sWxFBAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeoWhite2003" class="citation book cs1">Teo, Hsu-Ming; White, Richard (2003). Cultural history in Australia. University of New South Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-589-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-589-6"><bdi>978-0-86840-589-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+history+in+Australia&rft.pub=University+of+New+South+Wales+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-86840-589-6&rft.aulast=Teo&rft.aufirst=Hsu-Ming&rft.au=White%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOceania" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Lawson, Stephanie. Regional Politics in Oceania: From Colonialism and Cold War to the Pacific Century (Cambridge UP, 2024), encyclopedic coverage; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issforum.org/essays/PDF/E594.pdf">online review of this book</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oceania&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Oceania at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Oceania">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oceania" class="extiw" title="c:Oceania">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Oceania" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Oceania">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Oceania">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Oceania">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Oceania">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Oceania" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Oceania">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oceania" class="extiw" title="voy:Oceania">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55643" class="extiw" title="d:Q55643">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/oceania">"Australia and Oceania"</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003132349/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/">National Geographic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/collection/bb1025280p">Oceania</a> photographs, recordings, and digital objects drawn primarily from the Tuzin Archive for Melanesian Anthropology at the UC San Diego Library.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oceania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topics" title="Template:Oceania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topics" title="Template talk:Oceania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceania</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oceania" title="History of Oceania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chronology" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Oceania" title="Colonisation of Oceania">Colonisation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europeans_in_Oceania" title="Europeans in Oceania">Europeans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Oceania" title="Military history of Oceania">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery#Oceania" title="History of slavery">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Regions">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Oceania" title="List of rivers of Oceania">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Oceania" title="Category:Heads of government in Oceania">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Oceania" title="Category:Heads of state in Oceania">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Pan-Oceanianism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Oceania" title="Category:Political parties in Oceania">parties</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Oceania" title="Economy of Oceania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_GDP" title="List of Oceanian countries by GDP">Countries by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index">Countries by Human Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Oceania" title="Renewable energy in Oceania">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Oceanian_Stock_Exchanges_Federation" title="Asian and Oceanian Stock Exchanges Federation">Stock exchanges federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Oceania" title="Women in Oceania">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oceania" title="Culture of Oceania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></li> <li>Cinema <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_festivals#Oceania" title="List of film festivals">film festivals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_cuisine" title="Oceanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li>Media <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_radio_stations_in_Oceania" title="Lists of radio stations in Oceania">radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Oceania" title="List of television stations in Oceania">TV stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Oceania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Oceania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Oceania" title="Sport in Oceania">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_National_Olympic_Committees" title="Oceania National Olympic Committees">Oceania National Olympic Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Athletics_Association" title="Oceania Athletics Association">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Oceania" title="Australian rules football in Oceania">Australian rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIBA_Oceania" title="FIBA Oceania">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Football_Confederation" title="Oceania Football Confederation">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Hockey_Federation" title="Oceania Hockey Federation">Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Rugby" title="Oceania Rugby">Rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Swimming_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceania Swimming Association">Swimming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oceania" title="Demographics of Oceania">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">Countries by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">Countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Oceanian countries by life expectancy">Countries by life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Oceania" title="Category:Years in Oceania">By year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Oceania" title="2006 in Oceania">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Oceania" title="2010 in Oceania">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_Oceania" title="2019 in Oceania">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Oceania" title="2020 in Oceania">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Oceania" title="2021 in Oceania">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022 in Oceania (page does not exist)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Oceania" title="Outline of Oceania">Outline</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceania" title="Category:Oceania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania">Countries and territories</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_area" title="List of Oceanian countries by area">List of Oceanian countries by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population" title="List of Oceanian countries by population">List of Oceanian countries by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/225px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/300px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Oceania" title="Template:Regions of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Regions of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Oceania" title="Subregion">Regions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia-New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Head_Peninsula" title="Bird's Head Peninsula">Bird's Head Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Peninsula" title="Papuan Peninsula">Bird's Tail Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_plate" title="Indo-Australian plate">Indo-Australian plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_Region" title="Islands Region">Islands Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_plate" title="Pacific plate">Pacific plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Territory" title="Jervis Bay Territory">Jervis Bay Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Village" title="Jervis Bay Village">Jervis Bay Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_Bay_Village,_Jervis_Bay_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Wreck Bay Village, Jervis Bay Territory">Wreck Bay Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_South_Wales" title="Regions of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central Coast (New South Wales)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tablelands" title="Central Tablelands">Central Tablelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_West_(New_South_Wales)" title="Central West (New South Wales)">Central West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_West_(New_South_Wales)" title="Far West (New South Wales)">Far West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Blue_Mountains_Area" title="Greater Blue Mountains Area">Greater Blue Mountains Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Region" title="Hunter Region">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illawarra" title="Illawarra">Illawarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_North_Coast" title="Mid North Coast">Mid North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaro_(New_South_Wales)" title="Monaro (New South Wales)">Monaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_(New_South_Wales)" title="New England (New South Wales)">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Slopes" title="North West Slopes">North West Slopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Rivers" title="Northern Rivers">Northern Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tablelands" title="Northern Tablelands">Northern Tablelands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orana_(New_South_Wales)" title="Orana (New South Wales)">Orana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverina" title="Riverina">Riverina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(New_South_Wales)" title="South Coast (New South Wales)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Slopes" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Slopes">South West Slopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Highlands_(New_South_Wales)" title="Southern Highlands (New South Wales)">Southern Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tablelands" title="Southern Tablelands">Southern Tablelands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkly_Tableland" title="Barkly Tableland">Barkly Tableland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Region" title="Katherine Region">Katherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_End" title="Top End">Top End</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Queensland" title="Regions of Queensland">Queensland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_West_Queensland" title="Central West Queensland">Central West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Queensland" title="Central Queensland">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_Downs" title="Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_Queensland" title="Far North Queensland">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Country" title="Gulf Country">Gulf Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Queensland" title="North Queensland">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Queensland" title="South East Queensland">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Queensland" title="South West Queensland">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Bay%E2%80%93Burnett" title="Wide Bay–Burnett">Wide Bay–Burnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Australia" title="Regions of South Australia">South Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Hills" title="Adelaide Hills">Adelaide Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barossa_Light_and_Lower_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Barossa Light and Lower North">Barossa Light and Lower North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Adelaide">Eastern Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyre_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyre Western">Eyre Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(South_Australia)" title="Far North (South Australia)">Far North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleurieu_and_Kangaroo_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island">Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_Coast" title="Limestone Coast">Limestone Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_and_Mallee" class="mw-redirect" title="Murray and Mallee">Murray and Mallee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Adelaide">Northern Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Adelaide">Southern Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Adelaide">Western Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorke_and_Mid_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorke and Mid North">Yorke and Mid North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Victoria" title="Regions of Victoria">Victoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barwon_South_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Barwon South West">Barwon South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gippsland" title="Gippsland">Gippsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grampians_(region)" title="Grampians (region)">Grampians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_(region)" title="Hume (region)">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loddon_Mallee" title="Loddon Mallee">Loddon Mallee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Western_Australia" title="Regions of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gascoyne" title="Gascoyne">Gascoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" title="Goldfields–Esperance">Goldfields–Esperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_(Western_Australia)" title="Great Southern (Western Australia)">Great Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Perth" title="Greater Perth">Greater Perth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perth_metropolitan_region" title="Perth metropolitan region">Perth Metropolitan Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_West_(Western_Australia)" title="Mid West (Western Australia)">Mid West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(Western_Australia)" title="Peel (Western Australia)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_(Western_Australia)" title="South West (Western Australia)">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)" title="Wheatbelt (Western Australia)">Wheatbelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tasmania" title="Regions of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Tasmania)" title="Central Highlands (Tasmania)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Coast_Tasmania" title="Category:East Coast Tasmania">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_(Tasmania)" title="Midlands (Tasmania)">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:North_East_Tasmania" title="Category:North East Tasmania">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Tasmania" title="North West Tasmania">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Tasmania" title="Category:Northern Tasmania">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Tasmania" title="South West Tasmania">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Southern_Tasmania" title="Category:Southern Tasmania">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_Tasmania" title="West Coast, Tasmania">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#External_territories" title="States and territories of Australia">External Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Australian Indian Ocean Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>‡</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northland_Region" title="Northland Region">Northland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">Auckland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Region" title="Bay of Plenty Region">Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawke's Bay Region">Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB-Whanganui" title="Manawatū-Whanganui">Manawatū-Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" title="Wellington Region">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Region" title="West Coast Region">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Island" title="Stewart Island">Stewart Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_outlying_islands" title="New Zealand outlying islands">Outlying Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Islands" title="Chatham Islands">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solander_Islands" title="Solander Islands">Solander Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C4%81whi_/_Three_Kings_Islands" title="Manawatāwhi / Three Kings Islands">Three Kings Islands</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="NZ_Subantarctic_Islands" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Subantarctic_Islands" title="New Zealand Subantarctic Islands">NZ Subantarctic Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipodes_Islands" title="Antipodes Islands">Antipodes Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Islands" title="Auckland Islands">Auckland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_Islands" title="Bounty Islands">Bounty Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Islands" title="Campbell Islands">Campbell Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snares_Islands_/_Tini_Heke" class="mw-redirect" title="Snares Islands / Tini Heke">Snares Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="East_Melanesian_Islands" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Melanesian_Islands" title="East Melanesian Islands">East Melanesian Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Islands" title="Admiralty Islands">Admiralty Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle_Peninsula" title="Gazelle Peninsula">Gazelle Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Islands" title="Santa Cruz Islands">Santa Cruz Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Solomon_Islands_Archipelago" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_(archipelago)" title="Solomon Islands (archipelago)">Solomon Islands Archipelago</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonis_Peninsula" title="Bonis Peninsula">Bonis Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru_Islands_Regency" title="Aru Islands Regency">Aru Islands</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Regions of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highlands_Region" title="Highlands Region">Highlands Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momase_Region" title="Momase Region">Momase Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huon_Gulf" title="Huon Gulf">Huon Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huon_Peninsula" title="Huon Peninsula">Huon Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Southern Region, Papua New Guinea">Southern Region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banaba" title="Banaba">Banaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Islands" title="Gilbert Islands">Gilbert Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Triangle" title="Polynesian Triangle">Polynesian Triangle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Salas and Gómez Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cook_Islands" title="Northern Cook Islands">Northern Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cook_Islands#Southern_Cook_Islands" title="Geography of the Cook Islands">Southern Cook Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambier_Islands" title="Gambier Islands">Gambier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangareva Islands">Mangareva Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands#Major_islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Southeastern Hawaiian Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiritimati" title="Kiritimati">Kiritimati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabuaeran" title="Tabuaeran">Tabuaeran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraina" title="Teraina">Teraina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Geography of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducie_Island" title="Ducie Island">Ducie Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oeno_Island" title="Oeno Island">Oeno Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuma" title="Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Independent State of Samoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atafu" title="Atafu">Atafu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakaofo" title="Fakaofo">Fakaofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunonu" title="Nukunonu">Nukunonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swains_Island" title="Swains Island">Swains Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoorn_Islands" title="Hoorn Islands">Hoorn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_(island)" title="Wallis (island)">Wallis Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phoenix_Islands" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Islands" title="Phoenix Islands">Phoenix Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_and_Baker_Islands" title="Howland and Baker Islands">Howland and Baker Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_outlier" title="Polynesian outlier">Polynesian Outliers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desventuradas_Islands" title="Desventuradas Islands">Desventuradas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands" title="Northwestern Hawaiian Islands">Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>‡ also part of Polynesia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Oceanian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Oceanian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Oceanian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Oceanian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Oceanian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Oceanian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> are in italics</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honiara" title="Honiara">Honiara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a" title="Nouméa">Nouméa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Vila" title="Port Vila">Port Vila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagåtña">Hagåtña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngerulmud" title="Ngerulmud">Ngerulmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palikir" title="Palikir">Palikir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tarawa" title="South Tarawa">South Tarawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> (de facto)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamstown,_Pitcairn_Islands" title="Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands">Adamstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alofi" title="Alofi">Alofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a>7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apia" title="Apia">Apia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarua" title="Avarua">Avarua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a>7</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakaofo" title="Fakaofo">Fakaofo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a>8</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Utu" title="Mata Utu">Mata Utu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a> (de facto)2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku%CA%BBalofa" title="Nukuʻalofa">Nukuʻalofa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papeete" title="Papeete">Papeete</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>2</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1Often included in Polynesia</li> <li>2<a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivities" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas collectivities">Overseas collectivities</a> or <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France#Sui_generis_collectivity" title="Overseas France">sui generis collectivity</a> of France</li> <li>3Often included in Australasia</li> <li>4<a href="/wiki/Insular_area" title="Insular area">Insular area</a> of the United States</li> <li>5In <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">free association</a> with the United States</li> <li>6<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li>7In <a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">free association</a> with New Zealand</li> <li>8<a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand dependent territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific, general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, -<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauan_people" title="Tokelauan people">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tonga" title="Demographics of Tonga">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme" title="United Nations geoscheme">regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worlds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Under" title="Down Under">Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean#World_Ocean" title="Ocean">World Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">waterbodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_lakes" title="Lists of lakes">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">Seas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rim_regions" title="Category:Rim regions">Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Rim">Atlantic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim">Indian Ocean Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Rim">Mediterranean Rim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Global_regions" title="Category:Global regions">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_East" title="Global East">Global East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Pivot_of_History#The_Heartland" title="The Geographical Pivot of History">Global Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Global Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Northwest" title="Global Northwest">Global Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southwest" title="Global Southwest">Global Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Global West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth">Continents of Earth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas">List of seas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Earth" title="Template:Earth">Physical Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_world_by_continent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:khaki; padding-top:0.1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_peoples_by_continent" title="Template:Indigenous peoples by continent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_peoples_by_continent" title="Template talk:Indigenous peoples by continent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_peoples_by_continent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous peoples by continent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indigenous_peoples_of_the_world_by_continent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a> by <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:17%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Africa" title="Location of Africa"><img alt="Location of Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/80px-Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/120px-Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/160px-Africa_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1948" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Africa" title="Indigenous peoples of Africa">Africa</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:17%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Eurasia" title="Location of Eurasia"><img alt="Location of Eurasia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/80px-Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/120px-Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/160px-Eurasia_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1948" /></a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_peoples#Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous peoples">Eurasia</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:17%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" title="Location of North America"><img alt="Location of North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/80px-North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/120px-North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/160px-North_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1948" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#North_America" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">North America</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:17%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Location of Oceania"><img alt="Location of Oceania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/80px-Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/120px-Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/160px-Oceania_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1948" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Oceania" title="Indigenous peoples of Oceania">Oceania</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:17%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Location of South America"><img alt="Location of South America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/80px-South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/120px-South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg/160px-South_America_in_the_world_%28red%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3188" data-file-height="1948" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America" title="Indigenous peoples of South America">South America</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:khaki;"><div> <a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous peoples">Indigenous peoples by geographic regions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continents_of_Earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template talk:Continents of Earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Continents of Earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continents_of_Earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a> of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Antarctica_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Australia-New_Guinea_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/75px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/113px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/75px-Location_North_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/113px-Location_North_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Location_North_America.svg/150px-Location_North_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-South_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/75px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/113px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg/150px-Afro-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29_political.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Eurasia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:25%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oceania</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:35%;"><div> <ul><li>Prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinents</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercontinent)" title="Columbia (supercontinent)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenorland" title="Kenorland">Kenorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia" title="Laurasia">Laurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nena_(supercontinent)" title="Nena (supercontinent)">Nena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannotia" title="Pannotia">Pannotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(continent)" title="Ur (continent)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:65%;"><div> <ul><li>Other prehistoric continents <a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Craton" title="Amazonian Craton">Amazonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctica" title="Arctica">Arctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiamerica">Asiamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantica" title="Atlantica">Atlantica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltica" title="Baltica">Baltica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilenia" title="Chilenia">Chilenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyania" title="Cuyania">Cuyania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Shield" title="East Antarctic Shield">East Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia#Euramerica/Laurussia" title="Laurasia">Euramerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalaharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laramidia" title="Laramidia">Laramidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Craton" title="North China Craton">North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampia" title="Pampia">Pampia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul" title="Sahul">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia_(continent)" title="Siberia (continent)">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Craton" title="South China Craton">South China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;;border-bottom:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">Submerged continent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">lands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">microcontinents</a> <a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathaysia" title="Cathaysia">Cathaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen_Microcontinent" title="Jan Mayen Microcontinent">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritia_(microcontinent)" title="Mauritia (microcontinent)">Mauritia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul_Shelf" title="Sahul Shelf">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Microcontinent">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li>Possible future supercontinents <a href="/wiki/Amasia_(supercontinent)" title="Amasia (supercontinent)">Amasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_(supercontinent)" title="Aurica (supercontinent)">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopangaea" title="Novopangaea">Novopangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea_Proxima" title="Pangaea Proxima">Pangaea Proxima</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Mythical</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">lost</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phantom_island" title="Phantom island">hypothesised</a> continents <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumari_Kandam" title="Kumari Kandam">Kumari Kandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuria" title="Lemuria">Lemuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis" title="Meropis">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)" title="Mu (mythical lost continent)">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Eastern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Eastern Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world">Regions of the world</a></li><li><a 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Template:Infobox"," 6.50% 354.971 38 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.94% 269.879 2 Template:Harvp"," 4.75% 259.271 6 Template:Collapsible_list"," 4.27% 233.318 28 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"3.205","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23529478,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAtlantic_Oceanographic_and_Meteorological_Laboratory_–_Hurricane_Research_Division\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFB._Fogg1857\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbettiAllen1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartholomew1873\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBentley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBequaert1941\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBirdLife_International2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBowen1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraithwaite2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraithwaiteCharlesworthReddyDunn2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinded2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrotschul\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunt2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurleyBartonDickinsonConnaughton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurton2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCEON\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChangsen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChapman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles_Marion1885\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChenevièreSabater1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChichester,_Jo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChong2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCieplyRose2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClagueGillespie2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClimate_Prediction_Center2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCochraneHunt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCodrington1915\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCornell1857\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrocombe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCust1887\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDahl1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisonHirstMacintyre1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenise_Fisher2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeversonKennedy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglasBallard2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDownes2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrage1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDugganEvansFriedlaenderFriedlaender2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumasPreux2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunfordRidgell1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunnTerrillReesinkFoley2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDüerkop2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_LinacreBart_Geerts1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEgan1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEperjesi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErnstAnisi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverett-Heath2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFennaRobbinsSummers2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernandez-Armesto2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFirthNaidu2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlick1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlickerKerse2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedlanderBallesterosCaselleGaymer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrischMeschedeBlakey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGanse\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillDonsker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillespieClague2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodrich1854\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrattan1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHageMarck2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalter2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanihara1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawaii_State_DBEDT2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenly2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggins,_P.J1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHinz1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffman1899\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorn1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward_Youth\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuntLipo2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanick2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonsen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJose1941\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJupp\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamakawiwo2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaur2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKayserBrauerCordauxCasto2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeepSchellart2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKevin_Mccue2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirch1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirch2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirch2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKladnik2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKondoKimura2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristof1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyte2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLalFortune2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarousse\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeachGreen1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisKären_E._Wigen1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis_\u0026amp;_Wigen,_The_Myth_of_Continents1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiLiOuLu2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLidstoneStoltmanDeChano2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLofflerAnneliese_LofflerA.J._RoseDenis_Warner1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongmanGiambellucaNulletLoope2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLourandos1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._Athyal2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMackay1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalaspinasWestawayMullerSousa2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalte-Brun1827\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMares2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargaret1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall_Cavendish_Corporation1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarten2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcEvoyLindWangMoyzis2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKenzie1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMears1945\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoller_Eric2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoncrieff1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontejo2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorgan1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortimer1844\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNadeauRayamajhi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Climate_Centre\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNunnKumarEliotMcLean2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Malley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhbaTsuchiyamaShisaNakashima2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlahTheuerkaufLegaultGula2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlaus_J._MurieVictor_B._Scheffer1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlney1845\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsozawaShinjoArmidWatanabe2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPadoveseGianfagna\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandianParman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPequeño2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_BellwoodJames_J._FoxDarrell_Tryon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrie2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrasad2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPratt1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrichard1847\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._Zug2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasmussenGuoWangLohmueller2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReading2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReclus1876\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertsonAllen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobson1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersSedghi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland1887\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyal_Statistical_Society_(Great_Britain)1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubowBird2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeabrookaMcAlpineaFenshamb2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSebeok1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilva2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimati_Faaniu1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSociety2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSouthwell1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpriggs,_Matthew1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteadman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_BuchmannGary_Paul_Nabhan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStommel1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrathern2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuUnderhillMartinsonSaha2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwarbrick2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTapaleao2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeoWhite2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomsonDoranClarke2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTodd1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrade\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrewick2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrewickGibb2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuckey1815\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurnerRose1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_Dept_of_State2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUdvardy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Fossen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_SoestKaiserVan_Syoc2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFW._CasteelPasseron2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalrond2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebster1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWelsch2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerry2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestawayQuintaode_Jesus_Marcal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhaanga2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhimp2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillcox1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1832\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorcester1840\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Brosses1756\"] = 1,\n [\"Territories_and_regions\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 10,\n [\"C.\"] = 1,\n [\"CS1 config\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 3,\n [\"Center\"] = 14,\n [\"Circa\"] = 14,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 118,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite iucn\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 38,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 173,\n [\"Coat of arms\"] = 25,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 6,\n [\"Continents\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 15,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries and territories of Oceania\"] = 1,\n [\"Culture of Oceania\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Fakau'a\"] = 2,\n [\"Flag\"] = 56,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 50,\n [\"Formatnum:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population\"] = 2,\n [\"Formatnum:{{UN_Population\"] = 3,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 8,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 9,\n [\"Indigenous peoples by continent\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox continent\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest population centres\"] = 1,\n [\"List of Oceanian capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 25,\n [\"NZ population data 2018\"] = 5,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 1,\n [\"OED\"] = 1,\n [\"Oceania Labelled Map\"] = 1,\n [\"Oceania topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Okina\"] = 10,\n [\"Over-quotation\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Pipe\"] = 18,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Regions of Oceania\"] = 1,\n [\"Regions of the world\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"UN_Population\"] = 31,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Australian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"WWF ecoregion\"] = 5,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 22,\n [\"Wikt-lang\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","540","14.9"],["dataWrapper 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