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discrimination</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: roughness discrimination"> <meta name="keywords" content="roughness discrimination"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="roughness discrimination"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1103</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: roughness discrimination</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> Roughness Discrimination Using Bioinspired Tactile Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhengkun%20Yi">Zhengkun Yi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface texture discrimination using artificial tactile sensors has attracted increasing attentions in the past decade as it can endow technical and robot systems with a key missing ability. However, as a major component of texture, roughness has rarely been explored. This paper presents an approach for tactile surface roughness discrimination, which includes two parts: (1) design and fabrication of a bioinspired artificial fingertip, and (2) tactile signal processing for tactile surface roughness discrimination. The bioinspired fingertip is comprised of two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers, a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bar, and two perpendicular polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) film sensors. This artificial fingertip mimics human fingertips in three aspects: (1) Elastic properties of epidermis and dermis in human skin are replicated by the two PDMS layers with different stiffness, (2) The PMMA bar serves the role analogous to that of a bone, and (3) PVDF film sensors emulate Meissner’s corpuscles in terms of both location and response to the vibratory stimuli. Various extracted features and classification algorithms including support vector machines (SVM) and k-nearest neighbors (kNN) are examined for tactile surface roughness discrimination. Eight standard rough surfaces with roughness values (Ra) of 50 μm, 25 μm, 12.5 μm, 6.3 μm 3.2 μm, 1.6 μm, 0.8 μm, and 0.4 μm are explored. The highest classification accuracy of (82.6 ± 10.8) % can be achieved using solely one PVDF film sensor with kNN (k = 9) classifier and the standard deviation feature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinspired%20fingertip" title="bioinspired fingertip">bioinspired fingertip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination" title=" roughness discrimination"> roughness discrimination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57540/roughness-discrimination-using-bioinspired-tactile-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Investigation of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alireza%20Masjedi">A. Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Amir%20Taeedi"> B. Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336/investigation-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Effect of Riprap Stability on Roughness Bridge Pier in River Bend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Masjedi">Alireza Masjedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Taeedi"> Amir Taeedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, by placing the two cylindrical piers without roughness and with roughness with riprap around its, they proceeded to a series of tests. Experiments were done by three relative diameters of riprap with density 2.1 and one rate of discharge 27 lit/s under pure water condition. In each experiment, flow depth measured in terms of failure threshold then stability number calculated by using data obtained. The results of the research showed that the riprap stability in pier with roughness is more pier without roughness because of the pier with roughness is sharp-pointed and reduced horseshoe vortex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riprap%20stability" title="riprap stability">riprap stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20bend" title=" river bend"> river bend</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=froude%20number" title=" froude number"> froude number</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772/effect-of-riprap-stability-on-roughness-bridge-pier-in-river-bend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Discrimination in Insurance Pricing: A Textual-Analysis Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruijuan%20Bi">Ruijuan Bi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discrimination in insurance pricing is a topic of increasing concern, particularly in the context of the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence. There is a need to explore the various forms of discrimination, such as direct and indirect discrimination, proxy discrimination, algorithmic discrimination, and unfair discrimination, and understand their implications in insurance pricing models. This paper aims to analyze and interpret the definitions of discrimination in insurance pricing and explore measures to reduce discrimination. It utilizes a textual analysis methodology, which involves gathering qualitative data from relevant literature on definitions of discrimination. The research methodology focuses on exploring the various forms of discrimination and their implications in insurance pricing models. Through textual analysis, this paper identifies the specific characteristics and implications of each form of discrimination in the general insurance industry. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of discrimination in insurance pricing. By analyzing and interpreting relevant literature, this paper provides insights into the definitions of discrimination and the laws and regulations surrounding it. This theoretical foundation can inform future empirical research on discrimination in insurance pricing using relevant theories of probability theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithmic%20discrimination" title="algorithmic discrimination">algorithmic discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20and%20indirect%20discrimination" title=" direct and indirect discrimination"> direct and indirect discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20discrimination" title=" proxy discrimination"> proxy discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unfair%20discrimination" title=" unfair discrimination"> unfair discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20pricing" title=" insurance pricing"> insurance pricing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178477/discrimination-in-insurance-pricing-a-textual-analysis-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Translingual Discrimination and Migrants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sender%20Dovchin">Sender Dovchin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moving beyond two main frameworks of interlingual and intralingual discrimination, this paper will address the understanding of translingual discrimination. This concept refers to discrimination based on how one uses certain languages, linguistic and communicative repertoires, which are (il)legitimised by the interactants. Translingual discrimination contributes intensity to transnational migrations processes, where migrants with transitional backgrounds seem to illustrate two main characteristics of marginalizations – “name discrimination” and “accentism”. The lifelong accumulation of these characteristics of translingual discrimination may cause negative emotionality, such as translingual inferiority complexes, to its victims. As a result, these transnational migrants seem to adopt varied coping strategies such as CV-whitening and accent purifications while probing for translingual safe spaces. The presentation concludes with the socio-cultural and pedagogical implications of translingual discrimination in relation to the language usage of transnational migrants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accentism" title="accentism">accentism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migrants" title=" migrants"> migrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translingualism" title=" translingualism"> translingualism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173361/translingual-discrimination-and-migrants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> The Effect of Surface Roughness on the Fatigue Life of SCM440 Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Han">C. Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kim"> H. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Park"> S. Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of surface roughness on fatigue life of SCM440 steel. Two groups of specimens were made from SCM440 steel with and without surface polished after forging process and resulted in different values of surface roughness. The difference of the surface roughness between two groups was clearly distinguished even to the naked eye. Surface roughness of both groups of the specimens was quantitatively measured by a roughness measuring device, Talysurf series2 (Taylor-Hobson Co., USA). Average roughness (Ra) and maximum roughness depth (Rmax) values were obtained by scanning 45 mm with a speed of 0.25 mm/s. Fatigue tests were conducted using a three-point bending method with a cyclic sinusoidal profile of 5 Hz, stress ratio of R = 0.1 and reference life for fatigue limit of 1 × 106 cycles. Ra and Rmax without surface polished were 10.497 ± 1.721 μm and 87.936 ± 16.210 μm, respectively while those values with surface polished were much smaller (ongoing measurements). Fatigue lives of the surface-polished specimens achieved approximately 1 × 106 cycles under the maximum stress of 900 MPa, which was 10 times longer than those of the surface-untreated specimens with an average roughness of 10.082 μm. The results showed that an increase in surface roughness values led to a decrease in fatigue lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title="surface roughness">surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20test" title=" fatigue test"> fatigue test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20life" title=" fatigue life"> fatigue life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCM440%20steel" title=" SCM440 steel"> SCM440 steel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60431/the-effect-of-surface-roughness-on-the-fatigue-life-of-scm440-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Surface Roughness Analysis, Modelling and Prediction in Fused Deposition Modelling Additive Manufacturing Technology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20S.%20Dambatta">Yusuf S. Dambatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the most prominent rapid prototyping (RP) technologies which is being used to efficiently fabricate CAD 3D geometric models. However, the process is coupled with many drawbacks, of which the surface quality of the manufactured RP parts is among. Hence, studies relating to improving the surface roughness have been a key issue in the field of RP research. In this work, a technique of modelling the surface roughness in FDM is presented. Using experimentally measured surface roughness response of the FDM parts, an ANFIS prediction model was developed to obtain the surface roughness in the FDM parts using the main critical process parameters that affects the surface quality. The ANFIS model was validated and compared with experimental test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title="surface roughness">surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modelling%20%28FDM%29" title=" fused deposition modelling (FDM)"> fused deposition modelling (FDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20neuro%20fuzzy%20inference%20system%20%28ANFIS%29" title=" adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)"> adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529/surface-roughness-analysis-modelling-and-prediction-in-fused-deposition-modelling-additive-manufacturing-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Numerical Analysis of Roughness Effect on Mini and Microchannels: Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El-Ghalia%20Filali">El-Ghalia Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherif%20Gadouche"> Cherif Gadouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Tahar"> Mohamed Tahar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A three-dimensional numerical simulation of ﬂow through mini and microchannels with designed roughness is conducted here. The effect of the roughness height (surface roughness), geometry, Reynolds number on the friction factor and the Nusselt number is investigated. The study is carried out by employing CFD software, CFX. Our work focuses on a water flow inside a circular mini-channel of 1 mm and microchannels of 500 and 100 μm in diameter. The speed entry varies from 0.1 m/s to 20 m/s. The general trend can be observed that bigger sizes of roughness element lead to higher flow resistance. It is found that the friction factor increases in a nonlinear fashion with the increase in obstruction height. Particularly, the effect of roughness can no longer be ignored at relative roughness height higher than 3%. A significant increase in Poiseuille number is detected for all configurations considered. The same observation can be done for Nusselt number. The transition zone between laminar and turbulent flow depends on the channel diameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minichannel" title=" minichannel"> minichannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34312/numerical-analysis-of-roughness-effect-on-mini-and-microchannels-hydrodynamics-and-heat-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Impact of Surface Roughness on Light Absorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Gareyan">V. Gareyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zh.%20Gevorkian"> Zh. Gevorkian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study oblique incident light absorption in opaque media with rough surfaces. An analytical approach with modified boundary conditions taking into account the surface roughness in metallic or dielectric films has been discussed. Our approach reveals interference-linked terms that modify the absorption dependence on different characteristics. We have discussed the limits of our approach that hold valid from the visible to the microwave region. Polarization and angular dependences of roughness-induced absorption are revealed. The existence of an incident angle or a wavelength for which the absorptance of a rough surface becomes equal to that of a flat surface is predicted. Based on this phenomenon, a method of determining roughness correlation length is suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title="light">light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title=" absorption"> absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface" title=" surface"> surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182039/impact-of-surface-roughness-on-light-absorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> Numerical Simulation of Structured Roughness Effect on Fluid Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer in Minichannels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Chouatah">R. Chouatah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20G.%20Filali"> E. G. Filali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zouzou"> B. Zouzou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been well established that there are no differences between microscale and macroscale flows of incompressible liquids. However, surface roughness has been known to impact the transport phenomena. The effect of structured roughness on the dynamics and heat transfer of water flowing through minichannel was numerically investigated in this study. Our study consists in characterizing the dynamic field and heat transfer aspect of a flow in circular minichannel equipped with structured roughness using CFD software, CFX. The study is performed to understand the effect of various roughness elements (rectangular, triangular), roughness height and roughness pitch on the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient. Our work focuses on a water flow inside a circular mini-channel of 1 mm in diameter and 10 cm in length. The speed entry into the mini-channel varies from 0.1 m/s to 25 m/s. The wall of the mini-channel is submitted to a constant heat flux; q=100,000 W/m². The simulations results are compared to those obtained with smooth minichannel and the existing experimental and numerical results in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20and%20turbulent%20flow" title=" laminar and turbulent flow"> laminar and turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minichannel" title=" minichannel"> minichannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20roughness" title=" structured roughness"> structured roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18533/numerical-simulation-of-structured-roughness-effect-on-fluid-flow-characteristics-and-heat-transfer-in-minichannels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> Surface Roughness Effects in Pure Sliding EHL Line Contacts with Carreau-Type Shear-Thinning Lubricants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punit%20Kumar">Punit Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niraj%20Kumar"> Niraj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The influence of transverse surface roughness on EHL characteristics has been investigated numerically using an extensive set of full EHL line contact simulations for shear-thinning lubricants under pure sliding condition. The shear-thinning behavior of lubricant is modeled using Carreau viscosity equation along with Doolittle-Tait equation for lubricant compressibility. The surface roughness is assumed to be sinusoidal and it is present on the stationary surface. It is found that surface roughness causes sharp pressure peaks along with reduction in central and minimum film thickness. With increasing amplitude of surface roughness, the minimum film thickness decreases much more rapidly as compared to the central film thickness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EHL" title="EHL">EHL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carreau" title=" Carreau"> Carreau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear-thinning" title=" shear-thinning"> shear-thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplitude" title=" amplitude"> amplitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength" title=" wavelength"> wavelength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356/surface-roughness-effects-in-pure-sliding-ehl-line-contacts-with-carreau-type-shear-thinning-lubricants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1092</span> The Differences on the Surface Roughness of Glass Ionomer Cement as the Results of Brushing with Whitening and Conventional Toothpaste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aulina%20R.%20Rahmi">Aulina R. Rahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Yuristiawan"> Farid Yuristiawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annisa%20Ibifadillah"> Annisa Ibifadillah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ummu%20H.%20Amri"> Ummu H. Amri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidayati%20Gunawan"> Hidayati Gunawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass ionomer cement is one of the filling material that often used on the field of dentistry because it is relatively less expensive and mostly available. Restoration materials could undergo changes in their clinical properties such as changes in roughness of the restoration`s surface. An increase of surface roughness accelerates bacterial colonization and plaque maturation. In the oral cavity, GIC was exposed to various substances, such as toothpaste, an oral care product used during toothbrushing. One of the popular toothpaste is whitening toothpaste. Abrasive and chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide in whitening toothpaste could increase the surface roughness of restorative materials. Objective: To determine the differences on the surface roughness of glass ionomer cement that was brushed with whitening and conventional toothpaste. Method: This study was done using experimental laboratory method with pre and post test design. There were 36 samples which were divided into 2 groups. The first group was brushed with whitening toothpaste and the second group was brushed with conventional toothpaste, each for 2 minutes. Surface roughness value of the specimens was measured by using Roughness Tester test. Result: The data was analyzed by using independent t-test and the result of this study showed there was a significant difference between the surface of glass ionomer cement which was brushed with whitening and conventional toothpaste (p=0,000). Conclusion: Glass ionomer cement that was brushed with whitening toothpaste produced more roughness than conventional toothpaste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20ionomer%20cement" title="glass ionomer cement">glass ionomer cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toothpaste" title=" toothpaste"> toothpaste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20tester" title=" roughness tester "> roughness tester </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73785/the-differences-on-the-surface-roughness-of-glass-ionomer-cement-as-the-results-of-brushing-with-whitening-and-conventional-toothpaste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1091</span> Variation of Streamwise and Vertical Turbulence Intensity in a Smooth and Rough Bed Open Channel Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdullah%20Al%20Faruque">M. Abdullah Al Faruque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Balachandar"> Ram Balachandar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental study with four different types of bed conditions was carried out to understand the effect of roughness in open channel flow at two different Reynolds numbers. The bed conditions include a smooth surface and three different roughness conditions which were generated using sand grains with a median diameter of 2.46 mm. The three rough conditions include a surface with distributed roughness, a surface with continuously distributed roughness and a sand bed with a permeable interface. A commercial two-component fibre-optic LDA system was used to conduct the velocity measurements. The variables of interest include the mean velocity, turbulence intensity, the correlation between the streamwise and the wall normal turbulence, Reynolds shear stress and velocity triple products. Quadrant decomposition was used to extract the magnitude of the Reynolds shear stress of the turbulent bursting events. The effect of roughness was evident throughout the flow depth. The results show that distributed roughness has the greatest roughness effect followed by the sand bed and the continuous roughness. Compared to the smooth bed, the streamwise turbulence intensity reduces but the vertical turbulence intensity increases at a location very close to the bed due to the introduction of roughness. Although the same sand grain is used to create the three different rough bed conditions, the difference in the turbulence intensity is an indication that the specific geometry of the roughness has an influence on turbulence structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel%20flow" title="open channel flow">open channel flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smooth%20and%20rough%20bed" title=" smooth and rough bed"> smooth and rough bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20number" title=" Reynolds number"> Reynolds number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34228/variation-of-streamwise-and-vertical-turbulence-intensity-in-a-smooth-and-rough-bed-open-channel-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1090</span> Study the Effect of Roughness on the Higher Order Moment to Extract Information about the Turbulent Flow Structure in an Open Channel Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Abdullah%20Al%20Faruque">Md Abdullah Al Faruque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Balachandar"> Ram Balachandar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was carried out to understand the extent of effect of roughness and Reynolds number in open channel flow (OCF). To this extent, four different types of bed surface conditions consisting smooth, distributed roughness, continuous roughness, natural sand bed and two different Reynolds number for each bed surfaces were adopted in this study. Particular attention was given on mean velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds shear stress, correlation, higher order moments and quadrant analysis. Further, the extent of influence of roughness and Reynolds number in the depth-wise direction also studied. Increasing Reynolds shear stress near rough beds are noticed due to arrays of discrete roughness elements and flow over these elements generating a series of wakes which contributes to the generation of significantly higher Reynolds shear stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20roughness" title="bed roughness">bed roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ejection%20and%20sweep" title=" ejection and sweep"> ejection and sweep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel%20flow" title=" open channel flow"> open channel flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reynolds%20shear%20stress" title=" Reynolds shear stress"> Reynolds shear stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20boundary%20layer" title=" turbulent boundary layer"> turbulent boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20triple%20product" title=" velocity triple product"> velocity triple product</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45772/study-the-effect-of-roughness-on-the-higher-order-moment-to-extract-information-about-the-turbulent-flow-structure-in-an-open-channel-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1089</span> Employment Discrimination on Civil Servant Recruitment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Lei">Li Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Jidong"> Jia Jidong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Employment right is linked to the people’s livelihood in our society. As a most important and representative part in the labor market, the employment of public servants is always taking much attention. But the discrimination in the employment of public servants has always existed and, to become a controversy in our society. The paper try to discuss this problem from four parts as follows: First, the employment of public servants has a representative status in our labor market. The second part is about the discrimination in the employment of public servants. The third part is about the right of equality and its significance. The last part is to analysis the legal predicament about discrimination in the employment of public servants in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title="discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment%20of%20public%20servants" title=" employment of public servants"> employment of public servants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=right%20of%20labor" title=" right of labor"> right of labor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330/employment-discrimination-on-civil-servant-recruitment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1088</span> Nonlinear Flow Behavior and Validity of the Cubic Law in a Rough Fracture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunwar%20Mrityunjai%20Sharma">Kunwar Mrityunjai Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trilok%20Nath%20Singh"> Trilok Nath Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Navier-Stokes equation is used to study nonlinear fluid flow in rough 2D fractures. The major goal is to investigate the influence of inertial flow owing to fracture wall roughness on nonlinear flow behavior. Roughness profiles are developed using Barton's Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) and used as fracture walls to assess wall roughness. Four JRC profiles (5, 11, 15, and 19) are employed in the study, where a higher number indicates higher roughness. A parametric study has been performed using varying pressure gradients, and the corresponding Forchheimer number is calculated to observe the nonlinear behavior. The results indicate that the fracture roughness has a significant effect on the onset of nonlinearity. Additionally, the validity of the cubic law is evaluated and observed that it overestimates the flow in rough fractures and should be used with utmost care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20flow" title="fracture flow">fracture flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20flow" title=" nonlinear flow"> nonlinear flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cubic%20law" title=" cubic law"> cubic law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navier-stokes%20equation" title=" Navier-stokes equation"> Navier-stokes equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149916/nonlinear-flow-behavior-and-validity-of-the-cubic-law-in-a-rough-fracture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1087</span> Effect of Strontium on Surface Roughness and Chip Morphology When Turning Al-Si Cast Alloy Using Carbide Tool Insert</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Marani%20Barzani">Mohsen Marani Barzani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20D.%20Sarhan"> Ahmed A. D. Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Farahany"> Saeed Farahany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Singh"> Ramesh Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface roughness and chip morphology are important output in manufacturing product. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of various cutting speeds and feed rates on surface roughness and chip morphology in turning the Al-Si cast alloy and Sr-containing. Experimental trials carried out using coated carbide inserts. Experiments accomplished under oblique dry cutting when various cutting speeds 70, 130 and 250 m/min and feed rates of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mm/rev were used, whereas depth of cut kept constant at 0.05 mm. The results showed that Sr-containing Al-Si alloy have poor surface roughness in comparison to Al-Si alloy (base alloy). The surface roughness values reduce with cutting speed increment from 70 to 250 m/min. the size of chip changed with changing silicon shape in Al matrix. Also, the surface finish deteriorated with increase in feed rate from 0.5 mm/rev to 0.15 mm/rev. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strontium" title="strontium">strontium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chip" title=" chip"> chip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning" title=" turning"> turning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36933/effect-of-strontium-on-surface-roughness-and-chip-morphology-when-turning-al-si-cast-alloy-using-carbide-tool-insert" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1086</span> Pavement Roughness Prediction Systems: A Bump Integrator Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Pal">Manish Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rumi%20Sutradhar"> Rumi Sutradhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pavement surface unevenness plays a pivotal role on roughness index of road which affects on riding comfort ability. Comfort ability refers to the degree of protection offered to vehicle occupants from uneven elements in the road surface. So, it is preferable to have a lower roughness index value for a better riding quality of road users. Roughness is generally defined as an expression of irregularities in the pavement surface which can be measured using different equipment like MERLIN, Bump integrator, Profilometer etc. Among them Bump Integrator is quite simple and less time consuming in case of long road sections. A case study is conducted on low volume roads in West District in Tripura to determine roughness index (RI) using Bump Integrator at the standard speed of 32 km/h. But it becomes too tough to maintain the requisite standard speed throughout the road section. The speed of Bump Integrator (BI) has to lower or higher in some distinctive situations. So, it becomes necessary to convert these roughness index values of other speeds to the standard speed of 32 km/h. This paper highlights on that roughness index conversional model. Using SPSS (Statistical Package of Social Sciences) software a generalized equation is derived among the RI value at standard speed of 32 km/h and RI value at other speed conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bump%20integrator" title="bump integrator">bump integrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement%20distresses" title=" pavement distresses"> pavement distresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20index" title=" roughness index"> roughness index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPSS" title=" SPSS"> SPSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11000/pavement-roughness-prediction-systems-a-bump-integrator-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1085</span> Effects of Upstream Wall Roughness on Separated Turbulent Flow over a Forward Facing Step in an Open Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Rifat">S. M. Rifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20L.%20Marchildon"> André L. Marchildon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20F.%20Tachie"> Mark F. Tachie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of upstream surface roughness over a smooth forward facing step in an open channel was investigated using a particle image velocimetry technique. Three different upstream surface topographies consisting of hydraulically smooth wall, sandpaper 36 grit and sand grains were examined. Besides the wall roughness conditions, all other upstream flow characteristics were kept constant. It was also observed that upstream roughness decreased the approach velocity by 2% and 10% but increased the turbulence intensity by 14% and 35% at the wall-normal distance corresponding to the top plane of the step compared to smooth upstream. The results showed that roughness decreased the reattachment lengths by 14% and 30% compared to smooth upstream. Although the magnitudes of maximum positive and negative Reynolds shear stress in separated and reattached region were 0.02Ue for all the cases, the physical size of both the maximum and minimum contour levels were decreased by increasing upstream roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20facing%20step" title="forward facing step">forward facing step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel" title=" open channel"> open channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separated%20and%20reattached%20turbulent%20flows" title=" separated and reattached turbulent flows"> separated and reattached turbulent flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20roughness" title=" wall roughness"> wall roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37174/effects-of-upstream-wall-roughness-on-separated-turbulent-flow-over-a-forward-facing-step-in-an-open-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1084</span> Perceived Ethnic Discrimination, Aggression, and School Connectedness among Adolescents in Finland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isik%20Z.%20Ulubas">Isik Z. Ulubas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaj%20Bjorkqvist"> Kaj Bjorkqvist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationships between perceived ethnic discrimination, peer aggression and school connectedness are being examined among 1,000 adolescents in Ostrobothnia, Finland with an online questionnaire. The study aims at investigating perceived ethnic discrimination in school environment by peers and teachers, and within society in general. Six types of aggressive behavior are measured: physical, verbal, indirect, and cyber aggression, in addition to both verbal and physical sexual harassment. High perceived ethnic discrimination is expected to be related with high aggression and low school connectedness. Adolescents who have special diet and clothing because of their cultural or religious background are expected to score higher on perceived ethnic discrimination and lower school connectedness. Adolescents who have lower domestic language skills (Finnish/Swedish) are expected to show lower school connectedness and higher perceived ethnic discrimination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title="adolescents">adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggression" title=" aggression"> aggression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic%20discrimination" title=" ethnic discrimination"> ethnic discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20connectedness" title=" school connectedness"> school connectedness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102902/perceived-ethnic-discrimination-aggression-and-school-connectedness-among-adolescents-in-finland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1083</span> Analytical Modelling of Surface Roughness during Compacted Graphite Iron Milling Using Ceramic Inserts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9E.%20Karabulut">Ş. Karabulut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G%C3%BCll%C3%BC"> A. Güllü</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G%C3%BClda%C5%9F"> A. Güldaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20G%C3%BCrb%C3%BCz"> R. Gürbüz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the effects of the lead angle and chip thickness variation on surface roughness during the machining of compacted graphite iron using ceramic cutting tools under dry cutting conditions. Analytical models were developed for predicting the surface roughness values of the specimens after the face milling process. Experimental data was collected and imported to the artificial neural network model. A multilayer perceptron model was used with the back propagation algorithm employing the input parameters of lead angle, cutting speed and feed rate in connection with chip thickness. Furthermore, analysis of variance was employed to determine the effects of the cutting parameters on surface roughness. Artificial neural network and regression analysis were used to predict surface roughness. The values thus predicted were compared with the collected experimental data, and the corresponding percentage error was computed. Analysis results revealed that the lead angle is the dominant factor affecting surface roughness. Experimental results indicated an improvement in the surface roughness value with decreasing lead angle value from 88° to 45°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CGI" title="CGI">CGI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milling" title=" milling"> milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression" title=" regression"> regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis" title=" analysis"> analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28520/analytical-modelling-of-surface-roughness-during-compacted-graphite-iron-milling-using-ceramic-inserts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1082</span> Effect of Salinity on Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Chamomile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Ghanavati">Mehdi Ghanavati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Effects of salinity level and duration on carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of Matricaria chamomilla and Matricaria aurea were evaluated. Four ecotypes of M. chamomilla and four ecotypes of M. aurea were grown at different NaCl concentrations (control, 6, 12 and 18 dS/m) in sand culture condition. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) varied significantly (p<0.001) among ecotypes. The amount of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) increased in first salinity level (6 dS/m), but in other levels (12 and 18 dS/m) it did not increase. Stages of salinity treatments (two stages: first from seedling stage until the end of the experiment and second stage of stress exertion began at stem elongation and seedlings emergence from rosette stage to harvest) had not a significant difference. Study of two spices of chamomile showed the M. aurea had a higher amount of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) (22.9%) than M. chamomilla (22.48%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20isotope%20discrimination" title=" carbon isotope discrimination"> carbon isotope discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matricaria%20chamomilla" title=" Matricaria chamomilla"> Matricaria chamomilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matricaria%20aurea" title=" Matricaria aurea"> Matricaria aurea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23979/effect-of-salinity-on-carbon-isotope-discrimination-in-chamomile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1081</span> Heat and Flow Analysis of Solar Air Heaters with Artificial Roughness on the Absorber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amel%20Boulemtafes-Boukadoum">Amel Boulemtafes-Boukadoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Benzaoui"> Ahmed Benzaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar air heaters (SAH) are widely used in heating and drying applications using solar energy. Their efficiency needs to be improved to be competitive towards solar water heater. In this work, our goal is to study heat transfer enhancement in SAHs by the use of artificial roughness on the absorber. For this purpose, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to analyze the flow and heat transfer in the air duct of a solar air heater provided with transverse ribs. The air flows in forced convection and the absorber is heated with uniform flux. The effect of major parameters (Reynolds number, solar radiation, air inlet temperature, geometry of roughness) is examined and discussed. To highlight the effect of artificial roughness, we plotted the distribution of the important parameters: Nusselt number, friction factor, global thermohydraulic performance parameter etc. The results obtained are concordant to those found in the literature and shows clearly the heat transfer enhancement due to artifical roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title="solar air heater">solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20roughness" title=" artificial roughness"> artificial roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20enhancement" title=" heat transfer enhancement"> heat transfer enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29694/heat-and-flow-analysis-of-solar-air-heaters-with-artificial-roughness-on-the-absorber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1080</span> Studying Roughness Effects on Flow Regimes in Offshore Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sadegh%20Narges">Mohammad Sadegh Narges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Ghadampour"> Zahra Ghadampour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the specific condition, offshore pipelines are given careful consideration and care in both design and operation. Most of the offshore pipeline flows are multi-phase. Multi-phase flows construct different pattern or flow regimes (in simultaneous gas-liquid flow, flow regimes like slug flow, wave and …) under different circumstances. One of the influencing factors on the flow regime is the pipeline roughness value. So far, roughness value influences and the sensitivity of the present models to this parameter have not been taken into consideration. Therefore, roughness value influences on the flow regimes in offshore pipelines are discussed in this paper. Results showed that geometry, absolute pipeline roughness value (materials that the pipeline is made of) and flow phases prevailing the system are of the influential parameters on the flow regimes prevailing multi-phase pipelines in a way that a change in any of these parameters results in a change in flow regimes in all or part of the pipeline system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20roughness" title="absolute roughness">absolute roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20flow" title=" multi-phase flow"> multi-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20pipelines" title=" offshore pipelines"> offshore pipelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642/studying-roughness-effects-on-flow-regimes-in-offshore-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1079</span> The Effect of Substrate Surface Roughness for Hot Dip Aluminizing of IN718 Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aptullah%20Karakas">Aptullah Karakas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Baydogan"> Murat Baydogan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The hot dip aluminizing (HDA) process involves immersing a metallic substrate into a molten aluminum bath for several minutes, and removed from the bath and cooled down to room temperature. After the HDA process, various aluminide layers are formed as a result of interdiffusion between the substrate and the molten aluminum and between the aluminide layers. In order to form a uniform aluminide layer, the specimen must be covered and wet well by the molten aluminum. Surface roughness plays an important role in wettability, and thus, surface preparation is an important stage in determining the final surface roughness. In this study, different roughness values were achieved by grinding the surface with emery papers as 180, 320 and 600 grids. After the surface preparation, the HDA process was performed in a molten Al-Si bath at 700 ᴼC for 10 minutes. After the HDA process, a microstructural examination of the coating was carried out to evaluate the uniformity of the coating and adhesion between the substrate and the coating. According to the results, the best adhesion at the interface was observed on the specimen, which was prepared by 320 grid emery paper having a mean surface roughness (Ra) of 0.097 µm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-dip%20aluminizing" title="hot-dip aluminizing">hot-dip aluminizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183339/the-effect-of-substrate-surface-roughness-for-hot-dip-aluminizing-of-in718-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1078</span> Sinusoidal Roughness Elements in a Square Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf">Muhammad Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Usman"> Shoaib Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical studies were conducted using Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) to study the natural convection in a square cavity in the presence of roughness. An algorithm basedon a single relaxation time Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model of Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was developed. Roughness was introduced on both the hot and cold walls in the form of sinusoidal roughness elements. The study was conducted for a Newtonian fluid of Prandtl number (Pr) 1.0. The range of Ra number was explored from 103 to 106 in a laminar region. Thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of fluid was analyzed using a differentially heated square cavity with roughness elements present on both the hot and cold wall. Neumann boundary conditions were introduced on horizontal walls with vertical walls as isothermal. The roughness elements were at the same boundary condition as corresponding walls. Computational algorithm was validated against previous benchmark studies performed with different numerical methods, and a good agreement was found to exist. Results indicate that the maximum reduction in the average heat transfer was16.66 percent at Ra number 105. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title="Lattice Boltzmann method">Lattice Boltzmann method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nusselt%20number" title=" nusselt number"> nusselt number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rayleigh%20number" title=" rayleigh number"> rayleigh number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness" title=" roughness"> roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26916/sinusoidal-roughness-elements-in-a-square-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1077</span> Effects of Roughness Elements on Heat Transfer During Natural Convection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yousaf">M. Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Usman"> S. Usman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study focused on the investigation of the effects of roughness elements on heat transfer during natural convection in a rectangular cavity using a numerical technique. Roughness elements were introduced on the bottom hot wall with a normalized amplitude (A*/H) of 0.1. Thermal and hydrodynamic behavior was studied using a computational method based on Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Numerical studies were performed for a laminar natural convection in the range of Rayleigh number (Ra) from 103 to 106 for a rectangular cavity of aspect ratio (L/H) 2 with a fluid of Prandtl number (Pr) 1.0. The presence of the sinusoidal roughness elements caused a minimum to the maximum decrease in the heat transfer as 7% to 17% respectively compared to the smooth enclosure. The results are presented for mean Nusselt number (Nu), isotherms, and streamlines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title="natural convection">natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20number" title=" Rayleigh number"> Rayleigh number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness" title=" surface roughness"> surface roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusselt%20number" title=" Nusselt number"> Nusselt number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lattice%20Boltzmann%20method" title=" Lattice Boltzmann method "> Lattice Boltzmann method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34093/effects-of-roughness-elements-on-heat-transfer-during-natural-convection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1076</span> A Study of the Impact of Discrimination Experience on Life Satisfaction in Korean Women with Severe Disabilities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soungwan%20Kim">Soungwan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study analyzed the effect of discrimination experience on the life satisfaction in women with severe disabilities and the mediating effect of disability acceptance. In verifying this mediating effect of disability acceptance between discrimination experience and life satisfaction, both discrimination experience and disability acceptance were found to be statistically significant in the first and second phases. Disability acceptance was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between discrimination experience and life satisfaction. Based on this finding, measures for enhancing the quality of life in individuals with disabilities that experience low levels of life satisfaction were proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability%20discrimination" title="disability discrimination">disability discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability%20acceptance" title=" disability acceptance"> disability acceptance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20satisfaction" title=" life satisfaction"> life satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediating%20effect" title=" mediating effect"> mediating effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36641/a-study-of-the-impact-of-discrimination-experience-on-life-satisfaction-in-korean-women-with-severe-disabilities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1075</span> Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Study for Triangular Duct Solar Air Heater Having Discrete V-Shaped Ribs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Varun%20Goel">Varun Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solar energy is a good option among renewable energy resources due to its easy availability and abundance. The simplest and most efficient way to utilize solar energy is to convert it into thermal energy and this can be done with the help of solar collectors. The thermal performance of such collectors is poor due to less heat transfer from the collector surface to air. In this work, experimental investigations of single pass solar air heater having triangular duct and provided with roughness element on the underside of the absorber plate. V-shaped ribs are used for investigation having three different values of relative roughness pitch (p/e) ranges from 4-16 for a fixed value of angle of attack (α), relative roughness height (e/Dh) and a relative gap distance (d/x) values are 60°, 0.044 and 0.60 respectively. Result shows that considerable augmentation in heat transfer has been obtained by providing roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20roughness" title="artificial roughness">artificial roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20air%20heater" title=" solar air heater"> solar air heater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangular%20duct" title=" triangular duct"> triangular duct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V-shaped%20ribs" title=" V-shaped ribs"> V-shaped ribs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20205/heat-transfer-and-friction-factor-study-for-triangular-duct-solar-air-heater-having-discrete-v-shaped-ribs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1074</span> Optimization of Surface Roughness by Taguchi’s Method for Turning Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Ankus%20Yerunkar">Ashish Ankus Yerunkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Terkar"> Ravi Terkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study aimed at evaluating the best process environment which could simultaneously satisfy requirements of both quality as well as productivity with special emphasis on reduction of cutting tool flank wear, because reduction in flank wear ensures increase in tool life. The predicted optimal setting ensured minimization of surface roughness. Purpose of this paper is focused on the analysis of optimum cutting conditions to get lowest surface roughness in turning SCM 440 alloy steel by Taguchi method. Design for the experiment was done using Taguchi method and 18 experiments were designed by this process and experiments conducted. The results are analyzed using ANOVA method. Taguchi method has depicted that the depth of cut has significant role to play in producing lower surface roughness followed by feed. The Cutting speed has lesser role on surface roughness from the tests. The vibrations of the machine tool, tool chattering are the other factors which may contribute poor surface roughness to the results and such factors ignored for analyses. The inferences by this method will be useful to other researches for similar type of study and may be vital for further research on tool vibrations, cutting forces etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20roughness%20%28ra%29" title="surface roughness (ra)">surface roughness (ra)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining" title=" machining"> machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20turning" title=" dry turning"> dry turning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taguchi%20method" title=" taguchi method"> taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning%20process" title=" turning process"> turning process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anova%20method" title=" anova method"> anova method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mahr%20perthometer" title=" mahr perthometer"> mahr perthometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30598/optimization-of-surface-roughness-by-taguchis-method-for-turning-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">367</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination&page=36">36</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination&page=37">37</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roughness%20discrimination&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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