CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style></noscript><script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-RVWQBVHTCV"></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-RVWQBVHTCV", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location"});gtag("config", "G-SG46MEH7P0", {"groups":"default","page_placeholder":"PLACEHOLDER_page_location"});</script><meta name="description" content="Lian is a Jointly Appointed Scientist at ILRI and the University of Edinburgh where she is a lecturer in One Health and Food Systems. Her research focuses on…" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.ilri.org/people/lian-thomas" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="International Livestock Research Institute" /><meta property="og:type" content="Person" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.ilri.org/people/lian-thomas" /><meta property="og:title" content="Lian Thomas" /><meta property="og:description" content="Lian is a Jointly Appointed Scientist at ILRI and the University of Edinburgh where she is a lecturer in One Health and Food Systems. Her research focuses on…" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.ilri.org/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=-qcxIHun" /><meta property="og:image:url" content="https://www.ilri.org/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=-qcxIHun" /><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.ilri.org/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=-qcxIHun" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="Sat, 09/05/2020 - 14:02" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:description" content="Lian is a Jointly Appointed Scientist at ILRI and the University of Edinburgh where she is a lecturer in One Health and Food Systems. Her research focuses on…" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Lian Thomas" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.ilri.org/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=-qcxIHun" /><meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /><meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /><meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" /><style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #682622} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #fff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #fff;}</style><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@graph": [{"@type": "Person","name": "Lian Thomas","sameAs": "https://www.ilri.org/people/lian-thomas","url": "https://www.ilri.org/people/lian-thomas","description": "Lian is a Jointly Appointed Scientist at ILRI and the University of Edinburgh where she is a lecturer in One Health and Food Systems. Her research focuses on…","contactPoint": {"@type": "ContactPoint","url": "https://www.ilri.org/people/lian-thomas"},"image": {"@type": "ImageObject","representativeOfPage": "True","url": "https://www.ilri.org/sites/default/files/styles/social_share/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=-qcxIHun"}}] }</script><meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge" /><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context": "https://schema.org","@type": "BreadcrumbList","itemListElement": [{"@type": "ListItem","position": 1,"name": "Home","item": "https://www.ilri.org/"},{"@type": "ListItem","position": 2,"name": "People","item": "https://www.ilri.org/people"}] }</script><link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /><title>Lian Thomas</title><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_NsJ9Cq6yVDRLBap7ACjhllRd63APSiMe045_zEbetp8.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=bootstrap_ilri&include=eJxtjVkKwzAMRC_kxkcykq3YovKCZDfk9l1-WkJ_ZuA9hsHep02FERBUuXtUghR1VXR4dZXMIJMF4Vzmj2dR9lk6gtxsnsItX-1BuPc2zdEKsfc706vqEIYWyf-DIdEOS6Z770MUAg0RYiF_BVulttwAhfz6K-aTrgGyfcm22lgobIWSs9MmVY9g5B5Mh_lPbrWnJfQE1vhszA" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_v8X_ClO_avAff4etbjvgyqA-TIX3EcjN3SsusqoMvJw.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=bootstrap_ilri&include=eJxtjVkKwzAMRC_kxkcykq3YovKCZDfk9l1-WkJ_ZuA9hsHep02FERBUuXtUghR1VXR4dZXMIJMF4Vzmj2dR9lk6gtxsnsItX-1BuPc2zdEKsfc706vqEIYWyf-DIdEOS6Z770MUAg0RYiF_BVulttwAhfz6K-aTrgGyfcm22lgobIWSs9MmVY9g5B5Mh_lPbrWnJfQE1vhszA" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;300;400;500;700&family=Volkhov&display=swap" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Merriweather:wght@300;400;700" /></head><body class="layout-no-sidebars page-user-935486 path-user"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden-focusable"> Skip to main content </a><div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header id="header" class="header" aria-label="Site header"><div class="header-wrapper"><div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-between header-top"><div class="col-3"><div class="logo-wrapper d-flex"><div class="ilri-logo"> <a href="https://www.ilri.org/" title="International Livestock Research Institute"><img src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/images/ILRI-CGIAR-logo.svg" alt="International Livestock Research Institute" title="International Livestock Research Institute" class="img-fluid" /></a></div></div></div><div class="col-9 main-navigation"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-secondarynavigation-menu" id="block-secondarynavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary-navigation"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarynavigation-menu">Secondary navigation</h2><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/search" class="search nav-link nav-link--search" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">Search</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/microsites" class="microsites nav-link nav-link--microsites" data-drupal-link-system-path="microsites">Microsites</a></li></ul> </nav> <nav aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h2><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="1" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">About</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about-us" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-us" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88059">Overview</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about/people" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-people" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/people">People</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about/supporters" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-supporters" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/supporters">Supporters</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="2" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Research</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/research/impact-areas" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-impact-areas" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/impact-areas">Impact areas</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" class="nav-link--indexphp-climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/941">Climate adaptation and mitigation</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/environmental-health-and-biodiversity" class="nav-link--indexphp-environmental-health-and-biodiversity" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/942">Environmental health and biodiversity</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" class="nav-link--indexphp-gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/943">Gender, equality, youth and social inclusion</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/nutrition-health-and-food-security" class="nav-link--indexphp-nutrition-health-and-food-security" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/944">Nutrition, health and food security</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" class="nav-link--indexphp-poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/945">Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Research support</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/compliance" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-compliance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88060">Research compliance</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12071" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12071" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Communication and knowledge management</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12072" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12072" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Intellectual property and legal unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12073" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12073" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Data and research methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Themes</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/health" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/539">Health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/540">Livestock, Genetics, Nutrition, and Feed Resources</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/people-policies-and-institutions" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-people-policies-and-institutions" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/543">People, Policies, and Institutions</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/livestock-climate-and-environment" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-livestock-climate-and-environment" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/544">Livestock, Climate, and Environment</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/projects" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-projects" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/projects">Projects</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/initiatives" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-initiatives" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/initiatives">CGIAR research initiatives</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/hubs/beca-ilri-hub" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-hubs-beca-ilri-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3961">BecA-ILRI Hub</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/innovations-scaling-and-impact" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-innovations-scaling-and-impact" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/541">Innovations scaling and impact</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/capacity-development" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-capacity-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88057">Capacity development</a></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="3" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Facilities</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/997">Centre for tropical livestock genetics and health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/ilri-genebank" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-ilri-genebank" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/998">ILRI Genebank</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/999">Kapiti research station</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/mazingira-centre" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-mazingira-centre" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1000">Mazingira centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/one-health-centre-africa" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-one-health-centre-africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1001">One health centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/poultry-facility" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-poultry-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1002">Poultry facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1003">The CGIAR AMR hub</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/tick-unit" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-tick-unit" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1004">Tick unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/bioscience-facility" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-bioscience-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1005">Bioscience facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/genomics-platform" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-genomics-platform" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1006">Genomics platform</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="3" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Where we work</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/916">Eastern and southern africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/kenya" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-kenya" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/917">Kenya</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/ethiopia" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-ethiopia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/918">Ethiopia</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/tanzania" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-tanzania" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/919">Tanzania</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/uganda" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-uganda" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/920">Uganda</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/zimbabwe" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-zimbabwe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/921">Zimbabwe</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/burundi" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-burundi" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3754">Burundi</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/922">West Africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/burkina-faso" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-burkina-faso" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/923">Burkina Faso</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/mali" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-mali" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/924">Mali</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/nigeria" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-nigeria" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/925">Nigeria</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/senegal" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-senegal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/926">Senegal</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/927">South Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia/india" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia-india" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/928">India</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia/nepal" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia-nepal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/929">Nepal</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/930">East and Southeast Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia/vietnam" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia-vietnam" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/932">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work" class="where-we-work-cta nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work" data-col="2" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="where-we-work"><span><strong>Explore our work</strong> in the countries</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="4" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">News & Events</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/news" class="nav-link--indexphp-news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/events" class="nav-link--indexphp-events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/news/in-the-media" class="nav-link--indexphp-news-in-the-media" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news/in-the-media">ILRI in the media</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="5" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Knowledge</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Outputs</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications">Publications</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/archive?type=1051" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications-archivetype1051" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"1051"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Journal articles</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/presentations" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-presentations" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/presentations">Presentations</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/infographics" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-infographics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/infographics">Infographics</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/archive" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications-archive" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Browse archive</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Data</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/datasets" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-datasets" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/datasets">Datasets</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/website-app-portfolio" class="nav-link--indexphp-website-app-portfolio" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91823">Apps</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Multimedia</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/videos" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-videos" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/podcasts" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-podcasts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/stories" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-stories" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/stories">Stories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="6" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Join Us</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/join-us/jobs-careers" class="nav-link--indexphp-join-us-jobs-careers" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91595">Careers</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/subscribe" class="nav-link--indexphp-subscribe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="subscribe">Subscribe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </nav></div><div class="col-9 mobile-menu d-none"> <a href="#" class="closed" id="mobile-button" type="button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" data-bs-target="#mobileMenu" aria-controls="mobileMenu"> </a></div></div><div class="row header-bottom"><div class="col-12"><div class="site-name">International Livestock Research Institute</div></div></div><div class="mega-menu"><div class="about" data-parent="1"><div class="row"><div class="col-4 offset-4"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-us" class="nav-link nav-link--about-us" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88059">Overview</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about/people" class="nav-link nav-link--about-people" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/people">People</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about/supporters" class="nav-link nav-link--about-supporters" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/supporters">Supporters</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="research dropdown" data-parent="2"><div class="row"><div class="col-3 align-self-center"><div><div class="block-content-banner clearfix card text-white border-0 card-medium" style="background-image:url('/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/38623318644_2632376e88_o.jpg?itok=ePh76Xpk')"> <a href="https://www.ilri.org/research/initiatives" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/banner/2023/38623318644_2632376e88_o.jpg?itok=ePh76Xpk' alt="" title=""/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h4 class="card-bundle"> CGIAR RESEARCH INITIATIVES</h4><h3 class="card-title">ILRI is actively engaged in several CGIAR initiatives and platforms.</h3></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/research/impact-areas" data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link--research-impact-areas" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/impact-areas">Impact areas</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" class="nav-link--climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/941">Climate adaptation and mitigation</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/environmental-health-and-biodiversity" class="nav-link--environmental-health-and-biodiversity" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/942">Environmental health and biodiversity</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" class="nav-link--gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/943">Gender, equality, youth and social inclusion</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/nutrition-health-and-food-security" class="nav-link--nutrition-health-and-food-security" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/944">Nutrition, health and food security</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" class="nav-link--poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/945">Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Research support</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/compliance" class="nav-link--research-compliance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88060">Research compliance</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/research-support#item-12071" class="nav-link--research-research-supportitem-12071" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Communication and knowledge management</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/research-support#item-12072" class="nav-link--research-research-supportitem-12072" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Intellectual property and legal unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/research-support#item-12073" class="nav-link--research-research-supportitem-12073" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Data and research methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Themes</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/themes/health" class="nav-link--research-themes-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/539">Health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/themes/livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" class="nav-link--research-themes-livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/540">Livestock, Genetics, Nutrition, and Feed Resources</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/themes/people-policies-and-institutions" class="nav-link--research-themes-people-policies-and-institutions" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/543">People, Policies, and Institutions</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/themes/livestock-climate-and-environment" class="nav-link--research-themes-livestock-climate-and-environment" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/544">Livestock, Climate, and Environment</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/research/themes/innovations-scaling-and-impact" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--research-themes-innovations-scaling-and-impact" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/541">Innovations scaling and impact</a></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/research/hubs/beca-ilri-hub" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--research-hubs-beca-ilri-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3961">BecA-ILRI Hub</a></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/research/initiatives" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--research-initiatives" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/initiatives">CGIAR research initiatives</a></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/research/projects" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--research-projects" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/projects">Projects</a></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/capacity-development" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--capacity-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88057">Capacity development</a></li></ul></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="3" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Facilities</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" class="nav-link--research-facilities-centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/997">Centre for tropical livestock genetics and health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/ilri-genebank" class="nav-link--research-facilities-ilri-genebank" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/998">ILRI Genebank</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" class="nav-link--research-facilities-kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/999">Kapiti research station</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/mazingira-centre" class="nav-link--research-facilities-mazingira-centre" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1000">Mazingira centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/one-health-centre-africa" class="nav-link--research-facilities-one-health-centre-africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1001">One health centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/poultry-facility" class="nav-link--research-facilities-poultry-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1002">Poultry facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" class="nav-link--research-facilities-cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1003">The CGIAR AMR hub</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/tick-unit" class="nav-link--research-facilities-tick-unit" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1004">Tick unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/bioscience-facility" class="nav-link--research-facilities-bioscience-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1005">Bioscience facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/research/facilities/genomics-platform" class="nav-link--research-facilities-genomics-platform" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1006">Genomics platform</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="where-we-work dropdown" data-parent="3"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 align-self-start"><div class="mt-2"><div class="row"><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-project node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card card-medium text-white border-0" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/global_rangelands_PP.jpg?itok=sRw4UFxv");"> <a href="/index.php/research/projects/international-land-coalition-rangelands-initiative-making-rangelands-secure" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/global_rangelands_PP.jpg?itok=sRw4UFxv' alt="International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative" title="International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative"/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h3 class="card-title">International Land Coalition Rangelands Initiative: Making rangelands secure</h3></div></article></div><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-project node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card card-medium text-white border-0" style="background-image: url("/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq");"> <a href="/research/projects/emerging-public-health-threats-africas-drylands" class="card-link"></a> <img class="card-img d-none" src='/sites/default/files/styles/card/public/project/2023/Watering%20camels.jpg?itok=5hfqVJdq' alt="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya" title="Camels drinking at a water pan in Wajir County, Kenya"/><div class="card-gradient"></div><div class="card-img-overlay"><h4 class="card-deadline"><em>ACTIVE</em> <i class="fa-solid fa-arrow-right"></i> <time>Feb 2028</time></h4><h3 class="card-title">Emerging public health threats in Africa’s drylands</h3></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/916">Eastern and southern africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/kenya" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-kenya" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/917">Kenya</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/ethiopia" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-ethiopia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/918">Ethiopia</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/tanzania" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-tanzania" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/919">Tanzania</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/uganda" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-uganda" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/920">Uganda</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/zimbabwe" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-zimbabwe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/921">Zimbabwe</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/burundi" class="nav-link--where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-burundi" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3754">Burundi</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/west-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link--where-we-work-west-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/922">West Africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/west-africa/burkina-faso" class="nav-link--where-we-work-west-africa-burkina-faso" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/923">Burkina Faso</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/west-africa/mali" class="nav-link--where-we-work-west-africa-mali" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/924">Mali</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/west-africa/nigeria" class="nav-link--where-we-work-west-africa-nigeria" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/925">Nigeria</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/west-africa/senegal" class="nav-link--where-we-work-west-africa-senegal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/926">Senegal</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/south-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--where-we-work-south-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/927">South Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/south-asia/india" class="nav-link--where-we-work-south-asia-india" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/928">India</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/south-asia/nepal" class="nav-link--where-we-work-south-asia-nepal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/929">Nepal</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link--where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/930">East and Southeast Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia/vietnam" class="nav-link--where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia-vietnam" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/932">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/where-we-work" class="where-we-work-cta nav-link nav-link--where-we-work" data-col="2" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="where-we-work"><span><strong>Explore our work</strong> in the countries</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="news-events" data-parent="4"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 offset-5"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/news" class="nav-link nav-link--news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/events" class="nav-link nav-link--events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/news/in-the-media" class="nav-link nav-link--news-in-the-media" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news/in-the-media">ILRI in the media</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="knowledge dropdown" data-parent="5"><div class="row"><div class="col-6 align-self-start"><div class="mt-2"><div class="row"><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-publication node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card border-0 bg-transparent mb-0"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/policies-and-design-processes-enable-transformation" class="card-link"></a><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"> <img class="img-fluid border border-1" src='/sites/default/files/styles/cover/public/publication-covers/9781009227209.jpg?itok=93z09LKp' alt="" title=""/></div><div class="col-8"><div class="card-body pt-0"> <time class="card-issued">2023</time><h3 class="card-title">Policies and Design Processes to Enable Transformation</h3><div class="card-publication-authors"><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list"><li class="list-inline-item">Pereira, Laura</li><li class="list-inline-item">Vrettos, Chris</li><li class="list-inline-item">Cramer, Laura K.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Drimie, Scott</li><li class="list-inline-item">Muiderman, Karlijn</li><li class="list-inline-item">Schapendonk, Frans</li><li class="list-inline-item">Stringer, Lindsay C.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Veeger, Marieke</li><li class="list-inline-item">Vervoort, Joost M.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Wamukoya, George</li></ul></div></div></div></div></article></div><div class="col-6"> <article class="node node--type-publication node--view-mode-teaser clearfix card border-0 bg-transparent mb-0"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/opportunities-quantify-resilience-dairy-cattle-environmental-stressors-sub" class="card-link"></a><div class="row g-0"><div class="col-4"> <img class="img-fluid border border-1" src='/sites/default/files/styles/cover/public/publication-covers/RR113.pdf.jpg?itok=0UjF5YMp' alt="" title=""/></div><div class="col-8"><div class="card-body pt-0"> <time class="card-issued">2023</time><h3 class="card-title">Opportunities to quantify resilience of dairy cattle to environmental stressors in Sub-Saharan Africa</h3><div class="card-publication-authors"><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list"><li class="list-inline-item">Oloo, Richard Dooso</li><li class="list-inline-item">Ekine-Dzivenu, Chinyere C.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Ojango, Julie M.K.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Gebreyohanes, Gebregziabher</li><li class="list-inline-item">Mrode, Raphael A.</li><li class="list-inline-item">Okeyo Mwai, Ally</li><li class="list-inline-item">Chagunda, Mizeck G.G.</li></ul></div></div></div></div></article></div></div></div></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Outputs</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/publications" class="nav-link--knowledge-publications" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications">Publications</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/publications/archive?type=1051" class="nav-link--knowledge-publications-archivetype1051" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"1051"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Journal articles</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/presentations" class="nav-link--knowledge-presentations" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/presentations">Presentations</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/infographics" class="nav-link--knowledge-infographics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/infographics">Infographics</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/publications/archive" class="nav-link--knowledge-publications-archive" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Browse archive</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="col-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Data</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/datasets" class="nav-link--knowledge-datasets" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/datasets">Datasets</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/website-app-portfolio" class="nav-link--website-app-portfolio" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91823">Apps</a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Multimedia</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/videos" class="nav-link--knowledge-videos" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/podcasts" class="nav-link--knowledge-podcasts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/knowledge/stories" class="nav-link--knowledge-stories" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/stories">Stories</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="join-us" data-parent="6"><div class="row"><div class="col-9 offset-3"><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/join-us/jobs-careers" class="nav-link nav-link--join-us-jobs-careers" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91595">Careers</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/subscribe" class="nav-link nav-link--subscribe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="subscribe">Subscribe</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div> </header><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-start" tabindex="-1" id="mobileMenu" aria-labelledby="mobileMenu"><div class="offcanvas-header"><div class="ilri-logo"> <a href="https://www.ilri.org/" title="International Livestock Research Institute"><img src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/images/ILRI-CGIAR-logo.svg" alt="International Livestock Research Institute" title="International Livestock Research Institute" class="img-fluid" /></a></div> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div><div class="offcanvas-body"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-2-menu" id="block-mainnavigation-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--main"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-mainnavigation-2-menu">Main navigation</h2><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end" role="menu"><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="1" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">About</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about-us" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-us" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88059">Overview</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about/people" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-people" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/people">People</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/about/supporters" class="nav-link--indexphp-about-supporters" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="about/supporters">Supporters</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="2" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Research</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/research/impact-areas" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-impact-areas" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/impact-areas">Impact areas</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" class="nav-link--indexphp-climate-adaptation-and-mitigation" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/941">Climate adaptation and mitigation</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/environmental-health-and-biodiversity" class="nav-link--indexphp-environmental-health-and-biodiversity" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/942">Environmental health and biodiversity</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" class="nav-link--indexphp-gender-equality-youth-and-social-inclusion" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/943">Gender, equality, youth and social inclusion</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/nutrition-health-and-food-security" class="nav-link--indexphp-nutrition-health-and-food-security" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/944">Nutrition, health and food security</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" class="nav-link--indexphp-poverty-reduction-livelihoods-and-jobs" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/945">Poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Research support</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/compliance" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-compliance" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88060">Research compliance</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12071" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12071" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Communication and knowledge management</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12072" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12072" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Intellectual property and legal unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/research-support#item-12073" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-research-supportitem-12073" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88068">Data and research methods</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Themes</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/health" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/539">Health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-livestock-genetics-nutrition-and-feed-resources" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/540">Livestock, Genetics, Nutrition, and Feed Resources</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/people-policies-and-institutions" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-people-policies-and-institutions" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/543">People, Policies, and Institutions</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/livestock-climate-and-environment" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-livestock-climate-and-environment" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/544">Livestock, Climate, and Environment</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/projects" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-projects" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/projects">Projects</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/initiatives" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-initiatives" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="research/initiatives">CGIAR research initiatives</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/hubs/beca-ilri-hub" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-hubs-beca-ilri-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3961">BecA-ILRI Hub</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/themes/innovations-scaling-and-impact" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-themes-innovations-scaling-and-impact" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/541">Innovations scaling and impact</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/capacity-development" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-capacity-development" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/88057">Capacity development</a></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="3" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Facilities</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-centre-tropical-livestock-genetics-and-health" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/997">Centre for tropical livestock genetics and health</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/ilri-genebank" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-ilri-genebank" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/998">ILRI Genebank</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-kapiti-research-station-wildlife-conservancy" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/999">Kapiti research station</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/mazingira-centre" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-mazingira-centre" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1000">Mazingira centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/one-health-centre-africa" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-one-health-centre-africa" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1001">One health centre</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/poultry-facility" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-poultry-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1002">Poultry facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-cgiar-antimicrobial-resistance-hub" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1003">The CGIAR AMR hub</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/tick-unit" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-tick-unit" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1004">Tick unit</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/bioscience-facility" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-bioscience-facility" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1005">Bioscience facility</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/research/facilities/genomics-platform" class="nav-link--indexphp-research-facilities-genomics-platform" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/1006">Genomics platform</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="3" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Where we work</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/916">Eastern and southern africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/kenya" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-kenya" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/917">Kenya</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/ethiopia" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-ethiopia" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/918">Ethiopia</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/tanzania" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-tanzania" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/919">Tanzania</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/uganda" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-uganda" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/920">Uganda</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/zimbabwe" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-zimbabwe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/921">Zimbabwe</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/burundi" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-eastern-and-southern-africa-burundi" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/3754">Burundi</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa" data-col="1" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/922">West Africa</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/burkina-faso" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-burkina-faso" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/923">Burkina Faso</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/mali" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-mali" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/924">Mali</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/nigeria" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-nigeria" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/925">Nigeria</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/west-africa/senegal" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-west-africa-senegal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/926">Senegal</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/927">South Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia/india" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia-india" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/928">India</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/south-asia/nepal" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-south-asia-nepal" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/929">Nepal</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia" data-col="2" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/930">East and Southeast Asia</a><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work/east-and-southeast-asia/vietnam" class="nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work-east-and-southeast-asia-vietnam" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/932">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/where-we-work" class="where-we-work-cta nav-link--indexphp-where-we-work" data-col="2" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="where-we-work"><span><strong>Explore our work</strong> in the countries</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="4" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">News & Events</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/news" class="nav-link--indexphp-news" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/events" class="nav-link--indexphp-events" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/news/in-the-media" class="nav-link--indexphp-news-in-the-media" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="news/in-the-media">ILRI in the media</a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="5" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Knowledge</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="1" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Outputs</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications">Publications</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/archive?type=1051" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications-archivetype1051" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"1051"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Journal articles</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/presentations" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-presentations" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/presentations">Presentations</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/infographics" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-infographics" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/infographics">Infographics</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/publications/archive" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-publications-archive" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/publications/archive">Browse archive</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Data</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/datasets" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-datasets" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/datasets">Datasets</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/website-app-portfolio" class="nav-link--indexphp-website-app-portfolio" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91823">Apps</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-col="2" class="nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Multimedia</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/videos" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-videos" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/videos">Videos</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/podcasts" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-podcasts" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/knowledge/stories" class="nav-link--indexphp-knowledge-stories" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="knowledge/stories">Stories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item menu-item--expanded dropdown"> <span data-parent="6" class="nav-link nav-link-" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="menuitem">Join Us</span><ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/join-us/jobs-careers" class="nav-link--indexphp-join-us-jobs-careers" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91595">Careers</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a href="/index.php/subscribe" class="nav-link--indexphp-subscribe" role="menuitem" data-drupal-link-system-path="subscribe">Subscribe</a></li></ul></li></ul> </nav><nav aria-labelledby="block-secondarynavigation-2-menu" id="block-secondarynavigation-2" class="block block-menu navigation menu--secondary-navigation"><h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-secondarynavigation-2-menu">Secondary navigation</h2><ul class="clearfix nav navbar-nav flex-row justify-content-end"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/search" class="search nav-link nav-link--search" data-drupal-link-system-path="search">Search</a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/microsites" class="microsites nav-link nav-link--microsites" data-drupal-link-system-path="microsites">Microsites</a></li></ul> </nav></div></div><main class="main-content col" id="content"><div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumbs"><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="breadcrumb-item active"> About</li><li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="https://www.ilri.org/people"><span>People</span></a></li></ol> </nav></div></div></div> <section class="container mt-4"> <article class="people people-profile"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-12 border-bottom-2 border-light"><div class="d-flex user-top"> <figure> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/picture/public/LFT_photo.jpg?itok=FBAlku-V" class="rounded" alt="Lian Thomas"/> </figure><div class="wrapper"><h1 class="mt-0">Lian Thomas</h1><h2>Jointly Appointed Scientist ILRI & University of Edinburgh</h2><div class="work-wrapper"><div class="office"><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list m-0"><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/where-we-work/eastern-and-southern-africa/kenya" hreflang="en">Kenya</a></li></ul></div><div class="phones"></div></div><div class="social-presence"><ul class="list-inline mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item border-0 bg-transparent p-0"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-1210" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-orcid"></i> Orcid identifier number</a></li><li class="list-inline-item border-0 bg-transparent p-0"> <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lian_Thomas2" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-researchgate"></i> ResearchGate</a></li><li class="list-inline-item border-0 bg-transparent p-0"> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8YPhfEUAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank"><i class="fa-solid fa-globe"></i> Google scholar</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="text-container"><div class="text-container"><p>Lian is a Jointly Appointed Scientist at ILRI and the University of Edinburgh where she is a lecturer in One Health and Food Systems. Her research focuses on the sustainable control of neglected zoonoses and spans field epidemiology, economic analysis and qualitative research on the context, barriers and drivers for disease transmission, surveillance & control. She is passionate about the application of One Health principles to complex challenges and supporting early career professionals to embrace these principles. She is a trustee of the Soulsby Foundation for One Health which supports early career researchers with grant funding for One Health projects. </p><p> </p></div></div></div> <aside class="col-lg-4 col-md-4 col-sm-12"><div class="card bg-light border-0"><div class="card-body"><div class="regions"><h3>Countries I work in</h3><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item">Kenya</li><li class="list-inline-item">Uganda</li></ul></div><div class="impact-areas"><h3>Impact Areas</h3><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/nutrition-health-and-food-security" hreflang="en">Nutrition, health and food security</a></li></ul></div><div class="impact-areas"><h3>Research Programs</h3><ul class="list-inline d-inline-block comma-list mb-0"><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/research/themes/health" hreflang="en">Health</a></li></ul></div><div class="tags"><h3>Expertise</h3><ul class="list-inline comma-list"><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/animal-health" hreflang="en">animal health</a></li><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/animal-welfare" hreflang="en">animal welfare</a></li><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/disease-control" hreflang="en">disease control</a></li><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/epidemiology" hreflang="en">epidemiology</a></li><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/zoonotic-diseases" hreflang="en">zoonotic diseases</a></li><li class="list-inline-item"><a href="/tags/one-health" hreflang="en">One Health</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </aside></div></article> </section> </main><footer class="footer"><div class="footer-top bg-secondary"><div class="container"><div class="row"> <figure class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-12 ilri-logo mb-lg-m-3"> <img src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/images/ILRI-logo-white.svg" alt="ILRI logo"/> </figure><div class="col-lg-8 col-md-10 col-sm-12"><div class="row"><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <article id="block-footer" class="block-content-content block block-block-content block-block-content01a728fb-b8d2-4e7d-bdde-367bdc89ecc7"><div id="item-53468" class="raw-html paragraph"><h4>ILRI Kenya</h4><address class="address">PO Box 30709<br>Nairobi 00100, Kenya</address><ul><li><a class="phone" href="tel:+254-204223000"><i class="fa-solid fa-phone"></i> +254-20 422 3000</a></li><li><a class="fax" href="tel:+254-204223001"><i class="fa-solid fa-fax"></i> +254-20 422 3001</a></li><li><a class="mail" href="mailto:ILRI-Kenya@cgiar.org"><i class="fa-solid fa-envelope"></i> ILRI-Kenya@cgiar.org</a></li></ul></div> </article></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6"> <article id="block-footerilriethiopia" class="block-content-content block block-block-content block-block-contentfac62ec8-fcae-47ca-8792-00f2cb4a4ffd"><div id="item-53469" class="raw-html paragraph"><h4>ILRI Ethiopia</h4><address class="address">PO Box 5689<br>Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</address><ul><li><a class="phone" href="tel:+251-116172000"><i class="fa-solid fa-phone"></i> +251-11 617 2000</a></li><li><a class="fax" href="tel:+251-116172001"><i class="fa-solid fa-fax"></i> +251-11 617 2001</a></li><li><a class="mail" href="mailto:ILRI-Ethiopia@cgiar.org"><i class="fa-solid fa-envelope"></i> ILRI-Ethiopia@cgiar.org</a></li></ul></div> </article></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6"><div id="block-getinvolved" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockget-involved"><h4>Get Involved</h4><ul class="clearfix nav flex-row social"><li class="nav-item"> <a href="/index.php/subscribe" target="_self"><i class="fa-sharp fa-solid fa-paper-plane"></i> <span class="d-none">Subscribe to our <em>Newsletter</em></span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ilri.org" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-facebook"></i> <span class="d-none">Facebook</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/ilri" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-square-x-twitter"></i> <span class="d-none">Twitter</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/ILRI/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-slideshare"></i> <span class="d-none">Slideshare</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilri/albums/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-flickr"></i> <span class="d-none">Flickr</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/ILRIFILM" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-youtube"></i> <span class="d-none">Youtube</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/school/2705833/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in"></i> <span class="d-none">Linkedin</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.pinterest.com/ilri/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-pinterest"></i> <span class="d-none">Pinterest</span> </a></li><li class="nav-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/whylivestockmatter/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-instagram"></i> <span class="d-none">Instagram</span> </a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-6"><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="greetings"> We would like to thank all funders who supported this research through their contributions to the <a href="https://cgiar.org/funders" target="_blank">CGIAR Trust Fund</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-12"> <figure class="cgiar-logo"> <a href="https://www.cgiar.org" target="_blank"> <img src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/images/CGIAR-logo-white.svg" alt="CGIAR logo"/> </a> </figure></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-bottom"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><ul class="legal"><li><a href="/copyright">Copyright and permissions</a></li><li> © 2025 International Livestock Research Institute</li><li><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="cc" target="_blank"><span>Creative commons</span> </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"user\/935486","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"google_analytics":{"account":"G-RVWQBVHTCV","trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackTel":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class =\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-agree-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EOK, I agree\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022disagree-button find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003ENo, give me more info\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class =\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-agree-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EOK, I agree\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022disagree-button find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003ENo, give me more info\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/index.php\/ilri-privacy-statement","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":false,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"default","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":" button button--small button--primary","olivero_secondary_button_classes":" button button--small","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"ilri_maps":{"google_key":"AIzaSyBIkQ5spjwi0Rx-zR5ejfDwzRbyLMZ1A7E","library":"\/libraries\/world-countries\/data\/","api":"rest\/regions","countries_json":"\/libraries\/world-countries\/dist\/countries.json"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"26a842829498ad2c1c79dc95d1216ff02054e297cc1c075598c37c9326437f63"}}</script><script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script><script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script><script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="//kit.fontawesome.com/71b35d7b85.js"></script><script src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/js/popper.min.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/js/barrio.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/themes/custom/bootstrap_ilri/js/bootstrap-ilri.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.4.1" defer></script><script src="/modules/contrib/google_analytics/js/google_analytics.js?v=10.4.1"></script><script src="/modules/custom/ilri_menu/js/mega-menu.js?v=10.4.1"></script></body></html>