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Britannica/Fish</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikisource</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></bdi></div><table class="pr_quality" title="0 validated pages, 1 only proofread page and 0 not proofread pages"><tr><td class="quality4" style="width: 0%;"></td><td class="quality3" style="width: 100%;"></td><td class="quality2" style="width: 0%;"></td><td class="quality1" style="width: 0%;"></td><td class="quality0" style="width: 0%;"></td><td class="qualitye" style="width: 0%;"></td></tr></table></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="ws-noexport"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14666768">.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-mainblock{border:1px solid #ACA;background-color:#E6F2E6;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-notes{border-bottom:1px solid #A0A0A0;background-color:#FAFAFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .contributor-text{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #header-title-text{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data{display:none}.mw-parser-output .wst-header #ws-data.ws-data-show{display:block}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-missing-params{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;border-top:1px solid #CCC;border-right:1px solid #CCC;border-bottom:1px hidden transparent;border-left:1px solid #CCC;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .wst-header .wst-header-missing-params .error{font-size:90%;font-weight:bold}</style></div><style 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.wst-header-notes{display:inline-block;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;empty-cells:hide;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.4;margin:0 auto 4px auto;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .wst-header-left{float:left}</style><div class="ws-header wst-header-structure wst-unknown wst-header ws-header ws-noexport noprint dynlayout-exempt"><div class="wst-header-mainblock wst-unknown-mainblock headertemplate"><div class="wst-header-back searchaux wst-unknown-back"><div class="wst-header-back-arrow">←</div><div class="wst-header-back-link"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fish,_Hamilton" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fish, Hamilton">Fish, Hamilton</a></div></div><div class="wst-header-central-cell wst-unknown-central-cell"><span class="wst-header-title wst-unknown-title"><span id="header-title-text"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Volume_10" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Volume 10">Volume 10</a></span><div class="header-section-text">Fish</div></span></div><div class="wst-header-forward searchaux wst-unknown-forward"><div class="wst-header-forward-link"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fisher,_Alvan" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fisher, Alvan">Fisher, Alvan</a></div><div class="wst-header-forward-arrow">→</div></div></div><div class="wst-header-notes header_notes searchaux wst-unknown-notes"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14321584">.mw-parser-output .plainSister{display:block;font-size:93%;line-height:normal;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none;list-style-position:outside;border:1px solid #AAA;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5ex 0 0.5ex 0.5ex;padding:0;background:#FFFFFF;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .sisicon,.mw-parser-output .dabicon{padding-right:1ex}</style><ul class="plainSister"><li class="sisitem"><span class="sisicon"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix"><img alt="Sister Projects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/18px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/27px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/36px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">sister projects</a>: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish" class="extiw" title="w:Fish">Wikipedia article</a>, <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Fish" class="extiw" title="q:Fish">quotes</a>, <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Fish" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Fish">news</a>, <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Fish" class="extiw" title="v:Fish">course</a>, <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pisces" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Pisces">taxonomy</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84642518" class="extiw" title="d:Q84642518">Wikidata item</a></li></ul><div class="wst-header-content header_notes_content wst-header-notes-content wst-unknown-notes-content"> <p><b>See also</b> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish" class="extiw" title="w:Fish">Fish</a> on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="w:Main Page">Wikipedia</a>; and our <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:WikiProject_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Project_Disclaimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource:WikiProject 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Project Disclaimer">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer</a>. </p> </div></div><div class="ws-noexport" id="ws-data" style="speak:none"><span id="ws-article-id">453653</span><span id="ws-title"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Volume_10" class="mw-redirect" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Volume 10">Volume 10</a> — Fish</span></div></div> <div class="prp-pages-output" lang="en"> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14131441/mw-parser-output/.prp-pages-output">.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablegridhdborder,.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablecolhdborder{border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablecolhdborder th{border-bottom:1px solid black;border-left:1px solid black;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablegridhdborder th{border:1px solid black;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablegridhdborder th{border-left:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablecolhdborder td{border-left:1px solid;padding-left:5px}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._tablegridhdborder td{border-left:1px solid;border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-left:5px}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._colcenternotfirst tr>td{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output ._colcenternotfirst tr>td:first-child{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output .__cellpadding3 td{padding:3px}.mw-parser-output .prp-pages-output .wst-smallrefs{font-size:90%}</style><span><span class="pagenum ws-pagenum" id="427" data-page-number="427" data-page-name="Page:EB1911 - Volume 10.djvu/443" data-page-index="443" data-page-quality="3" title="Page:EB1911_-_Volume_10.djvu/443"><span id="pageindex_443" class="pagenum-inner ws-noexport"></span></span></span><b>FISH</b> (O. Eng. <i>fisc</i>, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch <i>visch</i>, Ger. <i>Fisch</i>, Goth. <i>fisks</i>, cognate with the Lat. <i>piscis</i>), the common name of that class of vertebrate animals which lives exclusively in water, breathes through gills, and whose limbs take the form of fins (see <span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ichthyology" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ichthyology">Ichthyology</a></span>). The article <span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fisheries" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fisheries">Fisheries</a></span> deals with the subject from the economic and commercial point of view, and <span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Angling" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Angling">Angling</a></span> with the catching of fish as a sport. The constellation and sign of the zodiac known as “the fishes” is treated under <span class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pisces" title="1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pisces">Pisces</a></span>. </p><p>The fish was an early symbol of Christ in primitive and medieval Christian art. The origin is to be found in the initial letters of the names and titles of Jesus in Greek, viz. <span title="Iēsoûs Christós, Theoû Hyiós, Sṓtēr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r13213921">.mw-parser-output .wst-lang-grc{font-family:GentiumPlus;font-feature-settings:"cv78"on,"cv83"on}</style><span lang="grc" dir="ltr" class="wst-lang wst-lang-grc">Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, Θεοῦ Ὑιός, Σώτηρ</span></span>, Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour, which together spell the Greek word for “fish,” <span title="ichthýs"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r13213921"><span lang="grc" dir="ltr" class="wst-lang wst-lang-grc">ἰχθύς</span></span>. The fish is also said to be represented in the oval-shaped figure, pointed at both ends, and formed by the intersection of two circles. This figure, also known as the <i>vesica piscis</i>, is common in ecclesiastical seals and as a glory or aureole in paintings of sculpture, surrounding figures of the Trinity, saints, &c. The figure is, however, sometimes referred to the almond, as typifying virginity; the French name for the symbol is <i>Amande mystique</i>. </p><p>The word “fish” is used in many technical senses. Thus it is used of the purchase used in raising the flukes of an anchor to the bill-board; of a piece of wood or metal used to strengthen a sprung mast or yard; and of a plate of metal used, as in railway construction, for the strengthening of the meeting-place of two rails. This word is of doubtful origin, but it is probably an adaptation of the Fr. <i>fiche</i>, that which “fixes,” a peg. This word also appears in the English form “fish,” in the metal, pearl or bone counters, sometimes made in the form of fish, used for scoring points, &c., in many games. </p><p>  </p> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Fish&oldid=6743511">https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Fish&oldid=6743511</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_articles_about_the_English_language" title="Category:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 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