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id="toc-Revolt_suppressed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Servile_War_in_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Servile_War_in_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Second Servile War in literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Servile_War_in_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Servile War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حرب العبيد الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب العبيد الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Второ робско въстание – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Второ робско въстание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_Guerra_Servil" title="Segona Guerra Servil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona Guerra Servil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_guerra_servil" title="Segunda guerra servil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda guerra servil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_sklava_milito" title="Dua sklava milito – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua sklava milito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Gerra_Serbila" title="Bigarren Gerra Serbila – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Gerra Serbila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_guerre_servile" title="Deuxième guerre servile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième guerre servile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EB%85%B8%EC%98%88%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="제2차 노예전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 노예전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Budak_Kedua" title="Perang Budak Kedua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Budak Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_guerra_servile" title="Seconda guerra servile – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda guerra servile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלחמת העבדים השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלחמת העבדים השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secundum_Bellum_Servile" title="Secundum Bellum Servile – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Secundum Bellum Servile" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_szic%C3%ADliai_rabszolgah%C3%A1bor%C3%BA" title="Második szicíliai rabszolgaháború – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Második szicíliai rabszolgaháború" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора робовска војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора робовска војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Hamba_Kedua" title="Perang Hamba Kedua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Hamba Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B7%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第二次奴隷戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第二次奴隷戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_slavekrig" title="Andre slavekrig – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre slavekrig" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_powstanie_niewolnik%C3%B3w_na_Sycylii" title="II powstanie niewolników na Sycylii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II powstanie niewolników na Sycylii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Servil" title="Segunda Guerra Servil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Guerra Servil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Второе сицилийское восстание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Второе сицилийское восстание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Други устанак робова – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Други устанак робова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugi_robovski_rat" title="Drugi robovski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drugi robovski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_orjasota" title="Toinen orjasota – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen orjasota" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_slavkriget" title="Andra slavkriget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra slavkriget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Друге Сицилійське повстання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друге Сицилійське повстання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B6%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="第二次西西里奴隶起义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二次西西里奴隶起义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unsuccessful slave uprising against the Roman Republic on the island of Sicily</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Servile War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Servile_Wars" title="Servile Wars">Servile Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg/220px-Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg/330px-Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg/440px-Caltabellotta_-_targa_commemorativa_del_21_centenario_della_rivolta_degli_schiavi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span><br />Plaque in <a href="/wiki/Caltabellotta" title="Caltabellotta">Caltabellotta</a> marking the 2,100th anniversary of the revolt. (2001)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>104–100 BC</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Roman victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> None</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Slaves of Sicily</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Publius_Licinius_Nerva" title="Publius Licinius Nerva">Publius Licinius Nerva</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Licinius_Lucullus_(praetor_104_BC)" title="Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 104 BC)">Lucius Licinius Lucullus</a><br />Gaius Servilius<br /><a href="/wiki/Manius_Aquillius_(consul_101_BC)" title="Manius Aquillius (consul 101 BC)">Manius Aquilius</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Salvius_Tryphon" title="Salvius Tryphon">Salvius</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Athenion_of_Cilicia" title="Athenion of Cilicia">Athenion</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Roman_Republican_civil_wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Roman Republican civil wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Roman_Republican_civil_wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Roman Republican civil wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Roman_Republican_civil_wars" 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title="Sertorian War">Sertorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">3rd Servile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Caesar's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Mutina" title="War of Mutina">Mutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberators%27_civil_war" title="Liberators' civil war">Liberators'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Siculum" title="Bellum Siculum">Bellum Siculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perusine_War" title="Perusine War">Perusine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian%E2%80%93Parthian_invasion_of_40_BC" title="Pompeian–Parthian invasion of 40 BC">Pompeian–Parthian invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Second Servile War</b> was an unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Slave_rebellion" title="Slave rebellion">slave uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. The war lasted from 104 BC until 100 BC. It was one of three <a href="/wiki/Servile_Wars" title="Servile Wars">Servile Wars</a>, spaced approximately 30 years apart. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Consul_(Roman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consul (Roman)">consul</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Marius" title="Gaius Marius">Gaius Marius</a> was recruiting soldiers for the war against the <a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teutones" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutones">Teutones</a> in the North. He requested support from King <a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_III_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes III of Bithynia">Nicomedes III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a> near the Roman province of Asia; but Nicomedes refused, on the grounds that every able-bodied man in Bithynia had been enslaved by Roman tax-gatherers for being unable to pay their dues. The Senate replied by issuing orders that no slaves were to be taken from among allies of Rome, and that all such slaves should be immediately freed.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG57_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG57-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Propraetor" class="mw-redirect" title="Propraetor">propraetor</a> <a href="/wiki/Publius_Licinius_Nerva" title="Publius Licinius Nerva">Publius Licinius Nerva</a>, in obedience to the edict, at once freed (that is, <a href="/wiki/Manumission" title="Manumission">manumitted</a>) around 800 <a href="/wiki/Slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Slaves">slaves</a> in his province of Sicily. Aside from awakening discontent among slaves from other nationalities who were not freed, this had the effect of alienating the Sicilian plantation owners who saw their human chattels unceremoniously being taken out of their hands. Alarmed, Nerva revoked the manumission, which provoked the slave population into revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG57_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG57-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salvius_Tryphon">Salvius Tryphon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Salvius Tryphon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nerva failed to react decisively; by false promises he was able to return one body of the rebels to slavery, while neglecting to address a more serious outbreak near <a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea</a>. Eventually, Nerva dispatched a detachment of 600 soldiers to take care of the rebels near Heraclea but they were beaten and slaughtered; the slaves now gained confidence, having won a large supply of armaments and a strong leader, a former slave called <a href="/wiki/Salvius_Tryphon" title="Salvius Tryphon">Salvius</a>. Taking the previous slave-leader <a href="/wiki/Eunus" title="Eunus">Eunus</a> for his example, who had proclaimed himself an Antiochus of the Seleucid line, he assumed the name Tryphon, from <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_Tryphon" title="Diodotus Tryphon">Diodotus Tryphon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG57_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG57-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his victory, Salvius besieged the city of <a href="/wiki/Morgantina" title="Morgantina">Morgantina</a>. Nerva now marched against him with Sicily's militia but he was also defeated. The slaves then managed to take the city. After Morgantina, Salvius' slave army swelled to 2,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot. Meanwhile, another revolt had broken out in western Sicily; there <a href="/wiki/Athenion_of_Cilicia" title="Athenion of Cilicia">Athenion</a>, a Cilician slave with a career analogous to <a href="/wiki/Cleon_(general)" title="Cleon (general)">Cleon's</a>, rose in revolt. He marched his slave army to join with Salvius upon hearing sbout the victory at Morgantina.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG57_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG57-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lucullus">Lucullus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lucullus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 103 BC the Senate sent the praetor <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Licinius_Lucullus_(praetor_104_BC)" title="Lucius Licinius Lucullus (praetor 104 BC)">Lucius Licinius Lucullus</a>, who had just put down a revolt in Campania (the Vettian Revolt), to quell the rebellion. Lucullus, at the head of a 17,000 strong Roman and allied army, landed in western Sicily and marched on the rebel stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Caltabellotta" title="Caltabellotta">Triocala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBH368_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBH368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Scirthaea">Battle of Scirthaea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Scirthaea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Salvius Tryphon, the Slave King, heard of Lucullus‘ arrival he wanted to hold out against the Romans inside Triocala. His general Athenion, however, persuaded him not to hide but instead face the Romans in open battle. Marching to meet Lucullus, the rebels encamped at Scirthaea, twelve miles distant from the Roman camp and, the next day, the two sides lined up for battle. According to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus</a>, Tryphon's host numbered around 40,000.<sup id="cite_ref-DBH368_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBH368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After much skirmishing, the main battle began as the two armies closed the gap and came together. At first it seemed as if the rebels would drive the Romans back, with Athenion and his cavalry inflicting heavy losses upon Lucullus‘ flanks. However, just as it seemed that the slaves might be victorious, Athenion was wounded and fell from his horse. He was forced to feign death in order to save himself. The rebels, believing their general to be dead, lost heart and fled. Salvius Tryphon, seeing his army routed, turned and joined them in flight back to Triocala. Later that night, under cover of darkness, the wounded Athenion escaped the battlefield. With thousands of slaves cut down in the rout, Diodorus estimates that, as night fell, around 20,000 rebels lay dead, half of Tryphon's army.<sup id="cite_ref-DBH368_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBH368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siege_of_Triocala">Siege of Triocala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Siege of Triocala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the battle, Lucullus slowly but surely worked his way to Triocala, restoring Roman Rule while he marched. At Triocala the rebels had dug in; Lucullus started a siege while waiting for his command to be extended, but when he heard that he had been replaced he spitefully ended the siege, burned his siegeworks, camp and provisions, retreated and disbanded his army.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucullus did this to render the task harder for his successor, Gaius Servilius the Augur; Lucullus intended, by ensuring the failure of his successor, to prove his own innocence from any alleged incompetence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Athenion">Athenion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Athenion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 102 BC Athenion, who had succeeded as slave-king after Salvius' death (he had passed after the earlier battle) was able to take Gaius Servilius's camp by surprise; Servilius' army was routed and dispersed, undoing all of Lucullus' previous success.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG58_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG58-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revolt_suppressed">Revolt suppressed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revolt suppressed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finally, in 101 BC, the Roman consul <a href="/wiki/Manius_Aquillius_(consul_101_BC)" title="Manius Aquillius (consul 101 BC)">Manius Aquillius</a> was given the command against the insurgents in Sicily. The Senior Consul, Gaius Marius, donated several cohorts from his army in Gaul to Aquillius. With these and the troops he recruited, equipped and trained en route he succeeded in defeating Athenion's slave army upon arrival. He supposedly killed Athenion by his own hand. The revolt was quelled, and 1,000 slaves who surrendered were sent to fight against beasts in the arena back at Rome for the amusement of the populace. To spite the Romans, they refused to fight and killed each other quietly with their swords, until the last flung himself on his own blade.<sup id="cite_ref-BtG58_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BtG58-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the second of a series of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Servile_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Servile Wars">three slave revolts</a> in the Roman Republic fueled by the same abuses in Sicily and Southern Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Servile_War_in_literature">Second Servile War in literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second Servile War in literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._L._Lucas" title="F. L. Lucas">F. L. Lucas</a>'s short story "The Boar" (<a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_(British_magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenaeum (British magazine)"><i>Athenaeum</i></a>, 10 September 1920 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_athenaeum-uk_1920-09-10_4715/page/326/mode/2up">[1]</a>) is set in Sicily in the aftermath of the Slave War.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Steven_Saylor" title="Steven Saylor">Steven Saylor</a>’s novel <a href="/wiki/Arms_of_Nemesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms of Nemesis">Arms of Nemesis</a> (the second book in his <a href="/wiki/Roma_Sub_Rosa" title="Roma Sub Rosa">Roma Sub Rosa</a> series) the Second Slave War (Servile War) is mentioned in detail during a dinner party with <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus" title="Marcus Licinius Crassus">Marcus Licinius Crassus</a> who is about to campaign against the rebel slaves of <a href="/wiki/Spartacus" title="Spartacus">Spartacus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third Slave War</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Colleen_McCullough" title="Colleen McCullough">Colleen McCullough</a>‘s novel <a href="/wiki/The_First_Man_in_Rome_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The First Man in Rome (novel)">The First Man in Rome</a> (the first book in her <a href="/wiki/Masters_of_Rome" title="Masters of Rome">Masters of Rome</a> series) the Second Servile War is mentioned several times. It figures as the background for the story line about <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Appuleius_Saturninus" title="Lucius Appuleius Saturninus">Lucius Appuleius Saturninus</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Servile_War&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BtG57-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BtG57_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BtG57_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BtG57_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BtG57_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. H. Beesely, <i>The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla Epochs of Ancient History</i>, (Kindle edition), ch. VI., p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBH368-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBH368_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBH368_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBH368_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diodorus Siculus, <i>Bibliotheca Historica</i>, 36.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diodorus Siculus, <i>Bibliotheca Historica</i>, 36.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mike Duncan, <i>The Storm before the Storm</i>, p. 140.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BtG58-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BtG58_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BtG58_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. H. Beesely, <i>The Gracchi, Marius, and Sulla Epochs of Ancient History</i>, VI, p. 58.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Shaw, Brent (2001). Spartacus and the Slave Wars: a brief history with documents. pp. 107–129.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vscIFJct38sC&q=brent+shaw+spartacus">(at google books)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Roman_wars" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Template:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Template talk:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Roman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Roman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Roman_wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_external_wars_and_battles" title="List of Roman external wars and battles">Ancient Roman wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Wars of the<br />Roman Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_expansion_in_Italy" title="Roman expansion in Italy">Roman conquest of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Etruscan_Wars" title="Roman–Etruscan Wars">Roman–Etruscan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman-Aequian_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman-Aequian wars">Roman-Aequian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Latin_wars" title="Roman–Latin wars">Roman–Latin wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Hernici" title="Roman conquest of the Hernici">Roman–Hernician wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Volscian_wars" title="Roman–Volscian wars">Roman–Volscian wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Sabine_wars" title="Roman–Sabine wars">Roman–Sabine wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnite_Wars" title="Samnite Wars">Samnite Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Gallic_wars" title="Roman–Gallic wars">Roman–Gallic wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman_Wars" title="Illyro-Roman Wars">Illyro-Roman Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Wars" title="Macedonian Wars">Macedonian Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Macedonian_War" title="First Macedonian War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Macedonian_War" title="Second Macedonian War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_War" title="Third Macedonian War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Macedonian_War" title="Fourth Macedonian War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Seleucid_war" title="Roman–Seleucid war">Roman–Seleucid war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_War" title="Galatian War">Galatian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" title="Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula">Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_Wars" title="Celtiberian Wars">Celtiberian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_War" title="Lusitanian War">Lusitanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numantine_War" title="Numantine War">Numantine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertorian_War" title="Sertorian War">Sertorian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars" title="Cantabrian Wars">Cantabrian Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaean_War" title="Achaean War">Achaean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugurthine_War" title="Jugurthine War">Jugurthine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servile_Wars" title="Servile Wars">Servile Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Servile_War" title="First Servile War">First</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_War_(91%E2%80%9387_BC)" title="Social War (91–87 BC)">Social War</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Octavianum" title="Bellum Octavianum">Bellum Octavianum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulla%27s_civil_war" title="Sulla's civil war">Sulla's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatic_Wars" title="Mithridatic Wars">Mithridatic Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mithridatic_War" title="First Mithridatic War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mithridatic_War" title="Second Mithridatic War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mithridatic_War" title="Third Mithridatic War">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar%27s_invasions_of_Britain" title="Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain">Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_Wars" title="Roman–Parthian Wars">Roman–Parthian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Caesar's civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Mutina" title="War of Mutina">War of Mutina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberators%27_civil_war" title="Liberators' civil war">Liberators' civil war</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bellum_Siculum" title="Bellum Siculum">Bellum Siculum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perusine_War" title="Perusine War">Perusine War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Actium" title="War of Actium">War of Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_history_of_the_Roman_military" title="Campaign history of the Roman military">Wars of the<br />Roman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_warfare_between_the_Romans_and_Germanic_peoples" title="Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples">Germanic wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(376%E2%80%93382)" title="Gothic War (376–382)">Gothic War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudican_revolt" title="Boudican revolt">Boudican revolt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman%E2%80%93Parthian_War_of_58%E2%80%9363" title="Roman–Parthian War of 58–63">Armenian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors" title="Year of the Four Emperors">Civil war of 69</a></li> <li><a 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