CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />  <title>Home | 5AT Advanced Steam Locomotive Project</title>   <base href="http://5at.co.uk/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> try{ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-8047976-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); } catch(err) {} </script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="description" content="5AT Group aims to ensure the future of steam on the rail network, via mods to increase locomotive performance & reliability, reduce both carbon emissions and minimize operating & maintenance costs."> <meta name="keywords" content="5AT, 5AT project, 5AT group, advanced steam, enhancing performance, improving reliability, reducing costs, controlling emissions, modern steam locomotive, modern steam engine, lempor"> <link href="layout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print,screen" href="http://5at.co.uk/stylesheet.php?cssid=35&mediatype=print,screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="http://5at.co.uk/stylesheet.php?cssid=30&mediatype=print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://5at.co.uk/stylesheet.php?cssid=46&mediatype=screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print,screen" href="http://5at.co.uk/stylesheet.php?cssid=34&mediatype=print,screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://5at.co.uk/stylesheet.php?cssid=31&mediatype=screen" /> <link rel="start" title="Home Page, shortcut key=1" href="http://5at.co.uk/" /> <link rel="next" title="Project Suspension Announcement" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/home/Project-Suspension-Announcement.html" /> <script type="text/JavaScript">  </script>   </head> <body> <div align="center" > <table width="850" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="pagecontent"> <tr> <td class="header"><table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="headertable"> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div id="minimenu"> <a href="index.php/site-map.html">Sitemap</a> | <a href="index.php/contact-us.html">Contact us </a>| <a href="index.php/links.html">Links</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="right"><a href="index.php"><img src="images/5AT_logo.jpg" alt="5AT" width="268" height="72" border="0" /></a></div></td> <td width="100"> </td> <td><div id="trainwide"><img src="images/train-wide.jpg" alt="5at Train" width="401" height="72" /></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" ><div class="titlebar" id="headertitle"> The 5AT Group - Steaming Ahead with Advanced Technology Enhancing Performance -- Improving Reliability -- Reducing Costs -- Controlling Emissions </div></td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td ><div class="menubar"><div id="menuwrapper"> <ul id="primary-nav"> <li class="menuactive menuparent"> <a class="menuactive menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/"> - Home -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/home/Project-Suspension-Announcement.html">Project Suspension Announcement</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/home/news-detail.html">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/home/5at-website.html">5AT Website</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/home/update-history.html">Website Updates</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2.html">5AT Group -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2.html">5AT Group</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team.html">Project Leaders</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/johnhind.html">John Hind</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/paul-hibberd.html">Paul Hibberd</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/mike-horne-2.html">Mike Horne</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/john-duncan.html">John Duncan</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/richard-coleby.html">Richard Coleby</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/jamie-keyte.html">Jamie Keyte</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/iain-jack.html">Iain Jack</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/Chris-Newman.html">Chris Newman</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/robin-barnes.html">Robin Barnes</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team/alan-fozard.html">Alan Fozard</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements.html">Acknowledgements</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/david-smith.html">David Smith</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/brian-mccammon.html">Brian McCammon</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/malcolm-cluett.html">Malcolm Cluett</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/Allan-Wallace.html">Allan Wallace</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/david-pawson.html">David Pawson</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/bob-bramson-2.html">Bob Bramson</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/david-ward.html">David Ward</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/martyn-bane.html">Martyn Bane</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/paul-catchpole.html">Paul Catchpole</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/terry-flynn.html">Terry Flynn</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/dominic-wells.html">Dominic Wells</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions.html">Technical Terms -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions.html">Steam Loco Definitions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/Locomotive-Thermal-Efficiency.html">Thermal Efficiency</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/locomotive-power.html">Power and Indicator Diagrams</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/power-to-weight-ratio-2.html">Power-to-Weight Ratio</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/grate-limit.html#equivevap">Equivalent Evaporation</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/specific-steam-consumption.html">Specific Steam Consumption</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/grate-limit.html">Grate Limit and Boiler Efficiency</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/front-end-limit-2.html">Front-End Limit</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/tractive-effort.html">Tractive Effort</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/adhesion-2.html">Adhesion</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/resistance.html">Resistance</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/simple-compound.html">Simple/Compound</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/motion.html">Motion</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/valve-gear.html">Valves, Valve Gear etc</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/valve-gear/reuleaux-diagram.html">Reuleaux Diagram</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/snifting-and-bypass-valves.html">Snifting, Drifting, Bypass and Herdner Valves</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/hammer-blow-2.html">Balancing & Hammer Blow</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/combustion-air.html">Combustion Air</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/superheating.html">Superheating</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/steam-chest.html">Steam Chest</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/clearance-volume.html">Clearance Volume</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/condensation.html">Condensation/Wall Effects</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/triangular-losses.html">Triangular Losses</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/incomplete-expansion.html">Incomplete Expansion</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/exhaust-systems-2.html">Exhausts</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions/brakes.html">Brakes</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics.html">Thermodynamics</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/thermodynamic-equations.html">Thermodynamic Equations</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/thermodynamic-definitions.html">Thermodynamic Definitions</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/enthalpy.html">Enthalpy</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/entropy.html">Entropy</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/mollier-h-s-diagram.html">Mollier Diagrams </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/steam-tables.html">Steam Tables</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/thermodynamics/anomalies.html">Thermodynamic Anomalies</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam.html">Modern Steam -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam.html">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/andre-chapelon.html">André Chapelon</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/ingeniero-livio-dante-porta.html">Livio Dante Porta</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/phil-girdlestone.html">Phil Girdlestone</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists.html">Present Day Steam Specialists</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/david-wardale.html">David Wardale</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/roger-waller.html">Roger Waller</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/shaun-mcmahon.html">Shaun McMahon</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/nigel-day.html">Nigel Day</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/ian-gaylor.html">Ian Gaylor</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/manuel-ramos.html">Manuel Ramos: </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/ian-screeton.html">Ian Screeton</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam.html">Principles of Modern Steam</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/second-generation-steam.html">"Second Generation Steam"</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/gpcs.html">Gas Producer Combustion System (GPCS)</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/combustion-air-preheating.html">Combustion Air Preheating</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/porta-s-water-treatment.html">Porta's Water Treatment</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/feedwater-heating-4.html">Feedwater Heating</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/steam-press-temp.html">Steam Press & Temp</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/low-heat-losses.html">Low Heat Losses</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/steam-tightness.html">Steam Tightness</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/long-strokes-and-high-rotation-rates.html">Long Strokes and High Rotation Rates</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/Lubrication-and-Tribology.html">Lubrication and Tribology</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/enhanced-valve-events.html">Enhanced Valve Events</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/internal-streamlining.html">Internal Streamlining</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/valve-design.html">Piston Valve Design</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/piston-valve-rod-packing.html">Piston & Valve Rod Packing </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/compound-expansion.html">Compound Expansion</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/the-coefficient.html">The α Coefficient</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/exhausts.html">Exhaust Systems</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/kordina.html">Kordina</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/advanced-adhesion.html">Advanced Adhesion</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/drifting-techniques.html">Drifting Techniques</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/engine-tender-buffering.html">Engine-Tender Buffering</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam/franklin-wedges.html">Franklin Wedges</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1.html">Modernising Options</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1.html">Modernising Options</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1/modernising-applications.html">Modernising Applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1/boosting-loco-performance.html">Boosting Loco Performance</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1/improving-fuel-use-and-carbon-emissions.html">Reducing Fuel Consumption and Carbon Emissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1/reducing-maintenance-costs.html">Reducing Maintenance Costs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1/costs-improving-reliability.html">Improving Reliability</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany.html">Modern Steam Miscellany</a> <ul class="unli"> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/the-red-devil.html">The Red Devil</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/broadcasts/audio-recordings.html">Red Devil Audio Recordings</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/sar-class-19d-no-2644-2.html">SAR Class 19D No 2644</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/rfirt.html">Rio Turbio Railway</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/porta-s-locomotive-no-1802.html">Porta's Locomotive No 1802</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/dlm-52-8055.html">DLM 52-8055</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/dlm-rack-tanks.html">DLM Rack Tanks</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/ss-montreux.html">SS Montreux</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/fcaf-garratt-no-2.html">FCAF Garratt No 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/kirklees-light-railway.html">Kirklees Light Railway</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany/bure-valley-railway.html">Bure Valley Railway</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/contributions.html">Reades' Contributions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/contributions/brian-gregson.html">Brian Gregson</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/contributions/brian-gregson/water-tube-boilers.html">Water Tube Boilers</a> </li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/engineering-design.html">Engineering -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/engineering-design.html">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design.html">Fundamental Design </a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/5at-calculations.html">5AT FDCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-1.html">Notes on FDC 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-1-4.html">Notes on FDC 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-8.html">Notes on FDC 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-9.html">Notes on FDC 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-11.html">Notes on FDC 11</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-12.html">Notes on FDC 12</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-13.html">Notes on FDC 13</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/notes-on-fdc-18.html">Notes on FDC 18</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/wardale-s-summary.html">Wardale's Summary</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/detail-design.html">Detail Design</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/detail-design/engineering-help.html">Engineering Help</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/detail-design/scale-of-thetask.html">Scale of theTask</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/drawings.html">Drawings</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/engineering/research-opportunities.html">Research Opportunities</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/project-summary.html">- The 5AT Project -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/project-summary.html">5AT Project Summary</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/project-aims.html">5AT Project Aims</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/the-5at-locomotive.html">The 5AT - Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/design-philosophy.html">Design Philosophy</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-specifications.html">5AT Specifications</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-performance.html">5AT Performance</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-performance/calculated-performance.html">Calculated Performance</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-performance/computer-simulation.html">Computer-Simulation</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-performance/performance-examples.html">Performance Examples </a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features.html">5AT Features </a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/thermal-efficiency-2.html">Thermal Efficiency</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/power-to-weight-ratio.html">Power-to-Weight Ratio</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/adhesion.html">Adhesion & Sanding</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/reliability-2.html">Reliability</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/operating-costs.html">Operating Costs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/maintenance-costs.html">Maintenance Costs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/route-availability.html">Route Availability</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/fuel-consumption.html">Fuel Consumption</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/operating-range.html">Operating Range</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/valves-and-steamchest.html">Valves and Steamchest</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/feedwater-heating-3.html">Feedwater Heating</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/5at-vs-5mt.html">5AT vs. 5MT</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/emissions-and-environment.html">5AT and the Environment</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/emissions-and-environment/emissions.html">Emissions</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/emissions-and-environment/emissions-environment.html">Fuels</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/options/alternative-strategies.html">5AT Options</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/options/alternative-strategies.html">Optional Strategies</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/options/8at-2-8-0.html">8AT 2-8-0</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/options/8att-2-8-4t.html">8ATT 2-8-4T</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/options/longer-term-options.html">Longer Term Options</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/feasibility-study-3.html">5AT Feasibility Study</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/project-promotion.html">Promotion</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/project-promotion.html">Promoting the 5AT</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/presentations.html">Presentations</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/published-articles-and-letters-2.html">Published Articles and Letters</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/published-articles-and-letters-2/1998-9.html">1998 - 2001</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/published-articles-and-letters-2/2002---2005.html">2002 - present</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/published-articles-and-letters-2/overseas-articles.html">Overseas Articles</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/published-articles-and-letters-2/non-railway-press.html">Non Railway Press</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/5AT-art-work.html">Art Work</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/5AT-models.html">5AT Models</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/5AT-models/laura-s-5at-animation.html">Laura's 5AT Animation</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-locomotive/promotion/liveries.html">Livery Options</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/faqs.html">- FAQs -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/faqs.html">FAQ Summary</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions.html">General Questions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/more-innovation.html">More Innovation? </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/cutting-metal.html">Cutting Metal</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/loco-turning.html">Loco turning?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/why-a-4-6-0.html">Why a 4-6-0?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/why-not-a-4-8-0.html">Why not a 4-8-0 ?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/larger-driving-wheels.html">Larger driving wheels?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/200-km-h-speed-approval.html">200 km/h Speed Approval</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/general-questions/network-rail-approvals.html">Network Rail Approvals?</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/performance-questions.html">Performance Questions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/performance-questions/5at-performance-exaggerated.html">5AT performance exaggerated?:</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/performance-questions/reliability.html">Reliability </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/performance-questions/thermal-efficiency.html">Thermal Efficiency</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions.html">Motion, Balancing, Valve Gear</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/why-walschaerts-valve-gear.html">Why Walschaerts valve gear ?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/why-not-baker-valve-gear.html">Why not Baker Valve Gear?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/why-not-british-caprotti.html">Why not British Caprotti?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/variable-lead-valve-gear.html">Why not Variable Lead?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/piston-vs-caprotti-valves.html">Piston vs. Caprotti Valves</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/piston-speed-too-high.html">Piston speed too high?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/why-not-3-cylinders.html">Why not 3 cylinders? </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/hammer-blow.html">Hammer Blow?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/valve-gear-questions/why-tail-rods-not-used.html">Why Piston Tail Rods not used?</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/boiler-questions.html">Boiler Questions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/boiler-questions/boiler-large-enough.html">Boiler large enough?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/boiler-questions/boiler-pressure-too-high.html">Boiler pressure too high?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/boiler-questions/FAQ-9a.html">Why not higher pressure? </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/boiler-questions/feedwater-heating.html">Feedwater Heating</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust.html">Steam Flow and Exhaust</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/why-not-a-compound.html">Why not a compound?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/steam-pipes.html">Steam Pipes</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/exhaust-systems.html">Exhaust Systems</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/steam-jacket-to-cylinders.html">Steam Jacket to Cylinders?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/use-of-exhaust-lap.html">Use of Exhaust Lap</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/steam-flow-and-exhaust/Wardale-Koopmans-Correspondence.html">Wardale - Koopmans Correspondence </a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/fuel-questions.html">Fuel Questions</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/fuel-questions/what-is-gas-oil.html">What is "Gas Oil"?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/fuel-questions/why-not-coal-fuel.html">Why not Coal Fuel? </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/fuel-questions/what-about-bio-mass-fuel.html">What about Bio-Mass Fuel?</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/fuel-questions/excess-combustion-air.html">Excess Combustion Air </a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/faqs-2/questions-about-tech-specification.html">Technical Specs</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/references-and-links.html">- References -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/references-and-links.html">References - General</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/porta-s-papers.html">Porta's Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/wardale-letters.html">Wardale Letters</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/simulation-software.html">Simulation Software</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/simulation-software/software.html">Prof. Bill Hall's Software</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/simulation-software/steam-locomotive-simulator.html">"STEAM" Locomotive Simulator</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/acknowledgements/Allan-Wallace.html">Allan Wallace's Software</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material.html">Books and Publications</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/the-5at-fdcs.html">The 5AT FDCs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/red-devil-book.html">Red Devil Book - a Review</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/advanced-steam-locomotive-development.html">Advanced Steam Loco Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/la-locomotive-a-vapeur.html">La Locomotive a Vapeur</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/chapelon---by-col-rogers.html">Chapelon - by Col. Rogers</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/the-fire-burns-much-better.html">"The Fire Burns Much Better .."</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/camels-and-cadillacs.html">Camels and Cadillacs</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/how-a-steam-locomotive-works.html">How a Steam Loco Works</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/bulleid-and-the-turf-burner.html">Bulleid and the Turf Burner</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/haigh---locomotive-boilers.html">Locomotive Boilers by Alan Haigh</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/fowler-s-fury-by-by-i-f-carney-published-2012-by-ian-carney.html">Fowler's Fury</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/hush-hush---the-story-of-lner-10000.html">Hush-Hush - The Story of LNER 10000 </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/compound-locomotives.html">Compound Locomotives </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/broader-than-broad.html">Broader than Broad</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/papers.html">Papers</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/porta-s-papers.html">Porta's Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/papers/reference-material-2.html">Modern Steam Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/papers/reference-material---steam-vs-diesel.html">Steam vs. Diesel Debates</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/papers/other-downloadable-reference-material---steam-traction-fuels-etc.html">Fuels and Emissions</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/presentations-on-modern-steam.html">Presentations on Modern Steam</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/broadcasts.html">Audio-visuals </a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/broadcasts/audio-recordings.html">SAR Recordings</a> </li></ul> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/manufacturers-and-operators.html">Manufacturers and Operators</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/website-links.html">Website Links</a> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters.html">Articles and Letters</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/2009-articles-and-letters.html">2006-10 Articles and Letters</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/2004-5-articles-and-letters.html">2004/5 Articles and Letters</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/2003-articles-and-letters.html">2003 Articles and Letters</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/2002-articles-and-letters.html">2002 Articles and Letters</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/2000-articles-and-letters.html">2000/1 Articles and Letters</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/miscellaneous-articles-and-letters/1998-articles-and-letters.html">1998/9 Articles and Letters</a> </li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives.html">5AT Project Archives</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives/project-history.html">Archives - General</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives/project-timeline.html">Project Timeline</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives/photos.html">Photos</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives/news-bulletins.html">News Bulletins</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/archives/newsletters-2.html">Newsletters</a> </li></ul></li></ul> </li> <li class="menuparent"> <a class="menuparent" href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/sales.html">- Sales -</a> <ul class="unli"> <li> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/sales/5at-fdcs.html">5AT FDCs</a> </li></ul> </li> </ul> <div class="clearb"></div> </div> </div></td></tr> <tr> <td style=" height:200px;text-align:left; vertical-align:top"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="21%" rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" style='text-align:left'><div id="left_block"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td class="left_title">Quick Links</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="quicklinks"><ul> <li><a href="index.php/the-5at-group-2.html">5AT Group</a></li> <li><a href="index.php/modern-steam/principles-of-modern-steam.html">Principles of Modern Steam</a></li> <li><a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1.html">Modernising Options</a></li> <li> <hr /> <a href="index.php/the-locomotive.html">The 5AT Project</a></li> <li><a href="index.php/sales/Red-Devil-Orders.html">Red Devil Sales</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="left_title">Recently Updated </td> </tr> <tr> <td id="upd_updated"><div class="upd_nav"><ul class="upd_links"><li class="upd_updated"><a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2/planning-team.html">People who led the 5AT Project</a> </li><li class="upd_updated"><a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/the-5at-group-2.html">The 5AT Group</a> </li><li class="upd_updated"><a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/modern-steam-2/phil-girdlestone.html">Phil Girdlestone 1954 - 2016</a> </li><li class="upd_updated"><a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/definitions/terrms-and-definitions.html">Technical Terms and Definitions relating to Steam Locomotives</a> </li><li class="upd_updated"><a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/references/printed-reference-material/red-devil-book.html">The Red Devil and Other Tales from the Age of Steam by David Wardale</a> </li></ul></div> <ul><li>>>  <a href="index.php/project-history/update-history.html">More Updates</a>   <<</li></ul></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" class="left_title">News Updates</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="news_summary_block">   Page 1 of 7  <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php?mact=News,me402b,default,1&me402bpagelimit=5&me402bsummarytemplate=5at-summary&me402bdetailpage=news-detail&me402bpagenumber=2&me402breturnid=15&page=15">></a> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php?mact=News,me402b,default,1&me402bpagelimit=5&me402bsummarytemplate=5at-summary&me402bdetailpage=news-detail&me402bpagenumber=7&me402breturnid=15&page=15">>></a> <div class="NewsSummary"> <div class="NewsSummaryPostdate"> May 13, 2015 </div> <div class="NewsSummaryLink"> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/news/50/269/5AT-Fundamental-Design-Calcs-available-in-print.html" title="5AT Fundamental Design Calcs available in print">5AT Fundamental Design Calcs available in print</a> </div> </div> <div class="NewsSummary"> <div class="NewsSummaryPostdate"> Jan 7, 2015 </div> <div class="NewsSummaryLink"> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/news/49/269/Advanced-Steam-Traction-website-launched.html" title="Advanced Steam Traction website launched">Advanced Steam Traction website launched</a> </div> </div> <div class="NewsSummary"> <div class="NewsSummaryPostdate"> May 6, 2014 </div> <div class="NewsSummaryLink"> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/news/48/269/Clan-Improvement-Study-Commences.html" title="Clan Improvement Study Commences">Clan Improvement Study Commences</a> </div> </div> <div class="NewsSummary"> <div class="NewsSummaryPostdate"> May 2, 2014 </div> <div class="NewsSummaryLink"> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/news/47/269/Wardale-s-2644-vandalised.html" title="Wardale's 2644 vandalised">Wardale's 2644 vandalised</a> </div> </div> <div class="NewsSummary"> <div class="NewsSummaryPostdate"> Feb 28, 2014 </div> <div class="NewsSummaryLink"> <a href="http://5at.co.uk/index.php/news/45/269/Clan-Project-invites-5AT-Group-to-conduct-Feasibility-Study.html" title="Clan Project invites 5AT Group to conduct Feasibility Study">Clan Project invites 5AT Group to conduct Feasibility Study</a> </div> </div>  </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div id="content"></div></td> <td width="2%" style='text-align:left'> </td> <td width="77%" style='text-align:left'><div align="right"><form id="cntnt01moduleform_1" method="get" action="http://5at.co.uk/"> <div class="hidden"> <input type="hidden" name="mact" value="Search,cntnt01,dosearch,0" /> <input type="hidden" name="cntnt01returnid" value="15" /> </div> <label for="cntnt01searchinput">Search: </label><input type="text" class="search-input" id="cntnt01searchinput" name="cntnt01searchinput" size="20" maxlength="50" value="Enter Search..." onfocus="if(this.value==this.defaultValue) this.value='';" onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=this.defaultValue;"/><input class="search-button" name="submit" value="Submit" type="submit" /> </form> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=''> </td> <td valign="top" style=''><table style="text-align: center; width: 620px; height: 82px;" border="1" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"> <tbody> <tr> <td> David Wardale's complete <a href="index.php/engineering/fundamental-design/5at-calculations.html">5AT Fundamental Design Calculations</a> are now available in printed format and are available for purchase through this website. Please go to the <a href="index.php/sales/5at-fdcs.html">"Sales Page"</a>for further information </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script src="jquery-1.4.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="jquery.dynamicslideshow.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#slider").dynamicSlideshow(); }); </script> <div id="slider" style="position: relative; margin: 5px; width: 550px; float: right; height: 100px; overflow: hidden;"> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5AT-Feb-05-outline-500-wide.jpg">5AT-Feb-05-outline-500-wide.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5AT-9S-500pxl.jpg">5AT-9S-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/Miscellaneous-1.jpg">Miscellaneous-1.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5ATbar2a-500pxl.jpg">5ATbar2a-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/3D-Rod-Assembly-500x100.jpg">3D-Rod-Assembly-500x100.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5AT-15-500pxl.jpg">5AT-15-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/Sam-Carter-500pxl.jpg">Sam-Carter-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5AT-12JS-500pxl.jpg">5AT-12JS-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/Miscellaneous-2.jpg">Miscellaneous-2.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/5AT-14JS-500pxl.jpg">5AT-14JS-500pxl.jpg</a> <a href="uploads/images/Montage-images/5AT/8AT-500pxl.jpg">8AT-500pxl.jpg</a></div> <table style="width: 25px; height: 76px;" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table style="text-align: center; width: 622px; height: 108px;" border="2" cellpadding="25" align="center" bgcolor="#efefef"> <tbody> <tr> <td> As noted <a href="index.php/home/Project-Suspension-Announcement.html">elsewhere on this website</a>, since the 5AT Project was suspended in 2012, the members of the 5AT team have regrouped under the banner of <a href="http://www.advanced-steam.org/" target="_blank">The Advanced Steam Traction Trust</a>. The 5AT Project website remains in place to provide information on the concepts and technology on which the 5AT design was based. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <table style="text-align: center; width: 100%; background: url(none) repeat scroll 0% 0% #fdfe8a;" border="0" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td> "No other product of man's mind has ever exercised such a compelling hold upon the public's imagination as the steam locomotive. No other machine in its day has been a more faithful friend to mankind, nor has contributed more to the growth of industry in this, the land of its birth and indeed throughout the whole world. Those who have lived in the steam age of railways will carry the most nostalgic memories right to the end.." The words of R F Hanks, Chairman of the Western Area Board of British Railways at a ceremony in Swindon Works on 18th March 1960, marking the end of steam locomotive construction in the UK with the completion and naming of 9F 2-10-0 No 92220 "Evening Star". </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> <table border="0" cellpadding="10"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>The 5AT Project</h3> Mr Hanks' words (above) are as true today as they were in 1960, though the nostalgia and passion that the steam locomotive generates has extended far wider, and for far longer, than he could have imagined. Most preserved steam operated railways in the UK continue to attract record numbers of visitors each year, and 2009 witnessed widespread public interest and enthusiasm when "<a href="http://www.a1steam.com/" target="_blank">Tornado</a>", the first main line steam locomotive to be built in the UK since "<a href="index.php/modern-steam/br-class-9f-2-10-0.html">Evening Star</a>", made its public debut on the nation's railways. The 5AT Project aimed to go a step further, namely to build the first new steam locomotive incorporating all the proven technical advances that have been developed since 1960 in order to generate the power, speed, range and reliability that may one day be needed to maintain an ongoing presence for steam traction on the main line rail network of the future. The 5AT Project was suspended in 2012 due to lack of financial support, however the 5AT Group which spawned from it, is now pursuing new goals. <h3>The 5AT Group</h3> The 10 years spent by the 5AT Group in the planning and promotion of the 5AT Project have not been in vain. Indeed, the group is continuing in the pursuit of its goal of maintaining a future presence for steam traction on main and heritage rail lines, through the application of technical improvements that will increase locomotive performance and reliability, reduce both carbon and spark emissions, and minimize operating and maintenance costs. The 5AT Group can help locomotive owners or new build groups, whether standard or narrow gauge by making them <ul> <li>more efficient, </li> <li>less polluting, </li> <li>cheaper to run and </li> <li>above all, more reliable.</li> </ul> The 5AT Group aims to preserve for future generations the expertise and experience of pioneers of Modern Steam, such <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/andre-chapelon.html">André Chapelon</a>, <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/ingeniero-livio-dante-porta.html">Livio Dante Porta</a> and <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/steam-specialists/david-wardale.html">David Wardale</a>. This website outlines some of the <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/modernising-options-1.html">Modernising Options</a> that the 5AT Group can make available to locomotive owners and builders. It explains the <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/principles-of-modern-steam.html">Principles of Modern Steam</a> and providing examples of what can be achieved (see <a href="index.php/modern-steam-2/modern-steam-miscellany.html">Modern Steam Miscellany</a>). </td> <td> 5AT Project Legacy The 5AT Project, proposed by David Wardale in the concluding pages of his seminal book "<a href="index.php/references/printed-reference-material/red-devil-book.html">The Red Devil and Other Tales from the Age of Steam</a>", aimed to build the first new steam locomotive incorporating all the proven technical advances developed since the 1960s, and was aimed at delivering the level of range, power, speed and reliability that will one day be needed to maintain steam on the 21st Century main line railway. The 5AT Project failed to attract the £11 million funding that was needed to design and construct the locomotive and its abandonment was publically announced in early 2012. The <a href="index.php/current-plans/feasibility-study-3.html">Project Feasibility Study</a>, completed in 2010, included a complete set of <a href="index.php/engineering/fundamental-design.html">Fundamental Design Calculations</a> by David Wardale which spell out the design calculations for the development of virtually any new Modern Steam locomotive design. The calculations can be adapted to “modernise” existing locomotives and recreations of old designs. The <a href="index.php/engineering/fundamental-design.html">Fundamental Design Calculations</a>, plus the use of 21st Century Design Tools and Techniques are the foundation of the Trust’s capability to offer its services to the heritage railways, mainline steam locomotives and new-build steam projects. The 5AT Group is made up of a team of engineers and other professionals with complementary skills in steam locomotive technology and 21st Century design tools and techniques. <h3>Features of the 5AT included:</h3> <ul> <li> <div>Maximum continuous operating speed of 180 km/h (113 mph) to keep up with modern rail traffic; and a maximum design speed of 200 km/h (125 mph);</div> </li> <li> <div>High <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/power-to-weight-ratio.html">power to weight ratio</a>: 1890 kW (2535 hp) at the drawbar (indicated power 2380 kW or 3200 hp) at 113 km/h (70 mph) from an 80 tonne locomotive;</div> </li> <li> <div>Optimised <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/adhesion.html">adhesion</a> to control slipping;</div> </li> <li> <div>High <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/thermal-efficiency-2.html">thermal efficiency</a> (for steam traction) of approximately 14%;</div> </li> <li> <div>Wide <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/route-availability.html">route availability</a> - 20 tonne axle load;</div> </li> <li> <div>Simplicity, <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/reliability-2.html">reliability</a>, easy maintenance and servicing;</div> </li> <li> <div>High capacity tender to provide <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/operating-range.html">extended range</a>;</div> </li> <li> <div>Low fuel and <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/fuel-consumption.html">water consumption</a> (see note below);</div> </li> <li> <div>Low <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/operating-costs.html">operating costs</a>;</div> </li> <li> <div>Low <a href="index.php/the-5at-locomotive/5at-features/maintenance-costs.html">maintenance costs</a>;</div> </li> <li> <div>Conformance to latest safety regulations;</div> </li> <li> <div>Good crew conditions;</div> </li> <li> <div><a href="index.php/faqs/fuel-questions/what-is-gas-oil.html">Gas-oil</a> fuel (similar to diesel) with an option for a coal fired version.</div> </li> </ul> The 5AT's fuel and water ranges are calculated to be 925 km (570 miles) and 610 km (380 miles) respectively under representative average service conditions, and 552 km (345 miles) and 367 km (230 miles) respectively at maximum drawbar power - i.e. at 1890 kW (2535 hp) and 113 km/h (70 mph). See <a href="index.php/the-locomotive/5at-features/operating-range.html">Operating Range</a> page. </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr /> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr > <td > <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="footer"> <tr> <td><div>Copyright © 2012 5AT Group. All Rights Reserved</div></td> <td> </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>