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id="toc-Marshall,_Lyon,_and_Caldwell_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dawson_Springs,_Barnsley,_and_Bremen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dawson_Springs,_Barnsley,_and_Bremen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Dawson Springs, Barnsley, and Bremen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dawson_Springs,_Barnsley,_and_Bremen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_damage_and_dissipation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_damage_and_dissipation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Later damage and dissipation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_damage_and_dissipation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_EF5_intensity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_EF5_intensity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Possible EF5 intensity </div> </a> <ul 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png/132px-Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png" decoding="async" width="132" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png/198px-Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png/264px-Radar_of_the_Quad-State_Supercell_prior_to_impacting_Mayfield%2C_Kentucky.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1267" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg/152px-SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg/228px-SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg/304px-SPC_Mesoscale_Discussion_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1386" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:216px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen,_Kentucky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg/330px-EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg/500px-EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg/960px-EF4_Damage_-_190_MPH_in_Bremen%2C_Kentucky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Clockwise from top: The EF4 tornado illuminated by lightning near <a href="/wiki/Bremen,_Kentucky" title="Bremen, Kentucky">Bremen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_County,_Kentucky" title="Muhlenberg County, Kentucky">Muhlenberg County</a>; <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a> mesoscale discussion of the tornado as it was ongoing; high-end EF4 damage to a home in <a href="/wiki/Bremen,_Kentucky" title="Bremen, Kentucky">Bremen</a>; a <a href="/wiki/NEXRAD" title="NEXRAD">radar</a> scan of the <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercell</a> showing the tornado as it struck Mayfield</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Meteorological history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">December 10, 2021, 8:54 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">December 10, 2021, 11:48 p.m. CST (UTC−06:00)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 hours, 54 minutes</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">EF4 tornado</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">on the <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Fujita_scale" title="Enhanced Fujita scale">Enhanced Fujita scale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Path length</th><td class="infobox-data">165.6 miles (266.5 km)</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">190 mph (310 km/h)</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">57 (+1 indirect)<a href="#cite_note-WKYTor-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data">519</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Obion_County,_Tennessee" title="Obion County, Tennessee">Obion County, Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Kentucky" title="Western Kentucky">Western Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2021" title="Tornadoes of 2021">tornado outbreaks of 2021</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> During the late evening hours of Friday, December 10, 2021, a large, violent, long-tracked, and devastating high-end <a href="/wiki/Tornado_intensity" title="Tornado intensity">EF4</a> <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a>, sometimes referred to as the Western Kentucky tornado,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Mayfield tornado,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> or The Beast,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> moved across <a href="/wiki/Western_Kentucky" title="Western Kentucky">Western Kentucky</a>, United States, producing severe-to-catastrophic damage in numerous towns, including <a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Kentucky" title="Mayfield, Kentucky">Mayfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Kentucky" title="Princeton, Kentucky">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawson_Springs,_Kentucky" title="Dawson Springs, Kentucky">Dawson Springs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bremen,_Kentucky" title="Bremen, Kentucky">Bremen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a> This tornado was the second significant tornado in an exceedingly long-tracked tornado family; it began just inside northern <a href="/wiki/Obion_County,_Tennessee" title="Obion County, Tennessee">Obion County, Tennessee</a> – a few miles after another <a href="/wiki/2021_Tri-State_tornado" title="2021 Tri-State tornado">long-tracked tornado</a> that traveled through northeast <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Missouri Bootheel</a>, and northwest <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> – and dissipated in western Obion County.<a href="#cite_note-MEG-6">[6]</a> After crossing into <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, the tornado moved through eleven counties of the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Purchase" title="Jackson Purchase">Jackson Purchase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Coal_Field" title="Western Coal Field">Western Coal Field</a> regions, at times becoming wrapped in rain during its almost three-hour lifespan that covered 165.6 miles (266.5 km). It was the deadliest and longest-tracked tornado in <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">an outbreak</a> that produced numerous, strong tornadoes in several states; this tornado caused 57 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a> Early estimates suggested the tornado family, which some media outlets described as a "Quad-State tornado" due to the storm's long track and similarity to the 219-mile (352 km) <a href="/wiki/1925_Tri-State_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="1925 Tri-State tornado">Tri-State tornado of 1925</a>, might have traveled 250 miles (400 km) on the ground, making it the longest-tracked tornado in history.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-9">[9]</a> Storm surveys found the majority of the storm's path consisted of two separate EF4 tornadoes, and three weak, short-lived tornadoes in between them in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Obion_County,_Tennessee" title="Obion County, Tennessee">Obion County, Tennessee</a>. The parent supercell that produced the two EF4 tornadoes, and eleven tornadoes in total, later became known as the Quad-State supercell. After the tornado, a state of emergency and federal disaster deceleration by Governor <a href="/wiki/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on December 11. The death toll of 57 was the highest from a tornado in the month of December in U.S. history, while also being the deadliest tornado since <a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2011" title="Tornadoes of 2011">2011</a>. In Mayfield, the damage was the most severe and was considered by some NWS analysts in a case study as <a href="#Possible_EF5_intensity">bordering on EF5 intensity</a>, prompting discussion on the intensity of high-end tornadoes and damage requirements. Additionally, soon after the outbreak subsided, multiple workers at the <a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Consumer_Products" title="Mayfield Consumer Products">Mayfield Consumer Products</a> candle factory that was destroyed when the long-track EF4 tornado hit Mayfield, Kentucky, alleged that supervisors told them they would be fired if they left their shifts early ahead of the storm's direct hit on the city. Company spokespeople have denied the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> On December 17, it was reported that multiple workers (only one was named due to fear of <a href="/wiki/Reprisal" title="Reprisal">reprisal</a>) filed a <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class-action lawsuit</a> against the company. The lawsuit alleged that the company had up to three and a half hours to allow employees to leave before the tornado hit the factory and showed a flagrant indifference to the rights of the workers.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_synopsis">Meteorological synopsis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological synopsis">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11,_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png/220px-Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png/330px-Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png/440px-Radar_collage_of_a_long-lived_supercell_radar_on_December_10-11%2C_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption>Radar collage of a <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercell</a> that spawned a <a href="/wiki/Tornado_family" title="Tornado family">tornado family</a> during the outbreak</figcaption></figure> On December 8, 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center" title="Storm Prediction Center">Storm Prediction Center</a> (SPC) outlined a slight risk of severe weather across a broad area of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippi Valley">Mississippi Valley</a>. Despite the potential for a higher-end severe threat to materialize, forecasters were uncertain about the extent of <a href="/wiki/Convective_available_potential_energy" title="Convective available potential energy">instability</a>, degree of directional <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a>, and late timing of potential storms.<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:18-12">[12]</a> The following day, the SPC noted an increased potential for organized severe thunderstorms in the region between southeastern Arkansas and southern <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, and upgraded that area to an enhanced risk.<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:19-13">[13]</a> As an intense, upper-level <a href="/wiki/Trough_(meteorology)" title="Trough (meteorology)">trough</a> progressed across the High Plains, with robust instability and moisture return across the Mississippi Valley, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk and introduced a moderate risk area from northeastern Arkansas into southern Illinois on the morning of December 10. Forecasters indicated atmospheric conditions favored the development of nocturnal <a href="/wiki/Supercell" title="Supercell">supercells</a> capable of producing long-tracked, strong tornadoes.<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:20-14">[14]</a> At 3:00 p.m. <a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a> (21:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>), the SPC issued a <a href="/wiki/Tornado_watch" title="Tornado watch">tornado watch</a> across the highest-risk area: central and eastern Arkansas, west Tennessee, northwestern Mississippi, southeastern Missouri, and southern portions of Illinois and Indiana; it was the first of eleven such warnings issued over the next few hours for the middle Mississippi Valley.<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:21-15">[15]</a> Initial storms developed across central Arkansas around 2:00 p.m. CST (20:00 UTC), and weaker activity developed over central Missouri around 90 minutes later. Additional clusters of thunderstorms developed over southwestern Missouri – forming between <a href="/wiki/Bolivar,_Missouri" title="Bolivar, Missouri">Bolivar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carthage,_Missouri" title="Carthage, Missouri">Carthage</a>, eventually back-building into northeastern Oklahoma – and central Arkansas, forming southwest of <a href="/wiki/Hot_Springs,_Arkansas" title="Hot Springs, Arkansas">Hot Springs</a>, between 5:00 and 5:30 p.m. CST (23:00–23:30 UTC).<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:22-16">[16]</a> Though this activity lacked much vigor at its onset due to a strong capping inversion,<a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:23-17">[17]</a> the convective cells began to show organization as they progressed eastward. One storm that formed from the initial mid-afternoon activity near <a href="/wiki/Arkadelphia,_Arkansas" title="Arkadelphia, Arkansas">Arkadelphia, Arkansas</a>, matured into a long-lived supercell as it progressed in an unstable, deeply moist, and highly sheared environment.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> This cell persisted for more than 550 miles (890 km) over several hours from eastern Arkansas to northeastern Kentucky, producing eleven tornadoes, two of which were large and intense. The cell started showing signs of surface-based rotation southwest of <a href="/wiki/Searcy,_Arkansas" title="Searcy, Arkansas">Searcy, Arkansas</a>, around 5:30 p.m. CST (23:30 UTC). At 5:51 p.m. CST, the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service_North_Little_Rock,_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="National Weather Service North Little Rock, Arkansas">National Weather Service</a> office in <a href="/wiki/North_Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="North Little Rock, Arkansas">North Little Rock</a> issued the first tornado warning associated with the storm for portions of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Arkansas" title="Jackson County, Arkansas">Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_County,_Arkansas" title="Lawrence County, Arkansas">Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_County,_Arkansas" title="White County, Arkansas">White</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woodruff_County,_Arkansas" title="Woodruff County, Arkansas">Woodruff</a> counties.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> One of the first tornadoes associated with the storm, an EF0, touched down in western <a href="/wiki/Poinsett_County,_Arkansas" title="Poinsett County, Arkansas">Poinsett County</a> near <a href="/wiki/Weiner,_Arkansas" title="Weiner, Arkansas">Weiner</a> around 6:40 p.m. CST; about fifteen minutes later, storm spotters reported a large tornado near <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Arkansas" title="Greenfield, Arkansas">Greenfield</a>, prompting a <a href="/wiki/Particularly_dangerous_situation" title="Particularly dangerous situation">particularly dangerous situation</a> (PDS) tornado warning for portions of <a href="/wiki/Poinsett_County,_Arkansas" title="Poinsett County, Arkansas">Poinsett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craighead_County,_Arkansas" title="Craighead County, Arkansas">Craighead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_County,_Arkansas" title="Mississippi County, Arkansas">Mississippi</a> counties, including areas to the south of <a href="/wiki/Jonesboro,_Arkansas" title="Jonesboro, Arkansas">Jonesboro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar" title="Weather radar">Doppler radar</a> analysis estimated the supercell maintained a nearly continuous, high-end rotational vorticity signature, averaging 94 mph (151 km/h; 82 kn) for approximately four hours and twenty minutes, a rarity among thunderstorms that produce mesocyclonic vorticity exceeding such speeds (averaging 1.5% of all supercells). The only velocities below said average recorded along the storm track were observed between 8:44 and 9:01 p.m. CST [02:44–3:01 UTC] as the storm crossed from Obion County, Tennessee, into <a href="/wiki/Hickman_County,_Kentucky" title="Hickman County, Kentucky">Hickman County, Kentucky</a>. This time frame coincides with the start of the Western Kentucky tornado, implying the supercell underwent a <a href="/wiki/Mesocyclone" title="Mesocyclone">mesocyclone</a> re-strengthening phase during this period. During this intense tornado's lifetime, peak gate-to-gate velocities of 128 mph (206 km/h; 111 kn) were recorded at 9:58 p.m. CST (04:58 UTC) over northeastern <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Kentucky" title="Marshall County, Kentucky">Marshall County, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_wapo-1211-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_wapo-btn-23">[23]</a> Elsewhere, multiple lines of intense storms, some with embedded supercells, developed across the Mississippi Valley region through the night, and generated other strong, long-lived tornadoes.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> By the pre-dawn hours of December 11, a decrease in instability led to a gradual weakening of a line of thunderstorms along the associated <a href="/wiki/Cold_front" title="Cold front">cold front</a> from eastern Kentucky southward into central Alabama.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The SPC issued a record-setting 43 <a href="/wiki/Storm_Prediction_Center#Mesoscale_discussions" title="Storm Prediction Center">mesoscale discussions</a> (MCDs) between 12:00 p.m. UTC December 10 and 12:00 p.m. UTC December 11, all of which were associated with the broader storm system: 38 of the MCDs issued were convective discussions relating to severe thunderstorm activity, and five were non-convective discussions relating to heavy snow associated with the system that concurrently fell across much of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Through the night, the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> (NWS) issued 149 tornado warnings across Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Kentucky, Illinois, and Indiana.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_wapo-btn-23">[23]</a> These included multiple PDS tornado warnings and <a href="/wiki/Tornado_emergency" title="Tornado emergency">tornado emergencies</a> in Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. Eight of the tornado warnings issued by the NWS offices in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah, Kentucky</a>, during the event were tornado emergencies, the most ever issued during the month of December, breaking the previous record of three issued on <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_23%E2%80%9325,_2015" title="Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 2015">December 23, 2015</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Effects from the system responsible for the outbreak extended into Canada, where the <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_Service_of_Canada" title="Meteorological Service of Canada">Meteorological Service of Canada</a> issued wind-and-heavy-rainfall warnings for portions of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, but no tornadoes were expected or reported in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tornado_summary">Tornado summary</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tornado summary">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/NOAA_Storm_Events_Database_%E2%80%93_2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado" class="extiw" title="wikisource:NOAA Storm Events Database – 2021 Western Kentucky tornado">NOAA's finalized damage survey and analysis for the tornado</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_and_rapid_strengthening">Formation and rapid strengthening</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation and rapid strengthening">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30,000_feet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg/250px-Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg/330px-Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg/500px-Tornadic_Debris_lofted_over_30%2C000_feet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>Radar 3D volume scan of the supercell showing debris lofted over 30,000 feet (9.1 km) in the air as the tornado struck Mayfield</figcaption></figure> The tornado touched down in <a href="/wiki/Woodland_Mills,_Tennessee" title="Woodland Mills, Tennessee">Woodland Mills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Obion_County,_Tennessee" title="Obion County, Tennessee">Obion County, Tennessee</a>, along Woodland Mills Road at 8:54 p.m. CST (02:54 UTC). It was produced by the same supercell that had produced another <a href="/wiki/2021_Tri-State_tornado" title="2021 Tri-State tornado">violent long-tracked tornado</a> that affected northeast <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bootheel" title="Missouri Bootheel">Missouri Bootheel</a>, and northwest <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. After the dissipation of that tornado in Obion County northeast of <a href="/wiki/Samburg,_Tennessee" title="Samburg, Tennessee">Samburg</a>, the supercell produced three weak, brief tornadoes before the Western Kentucky tornado formed several miles to the northeast.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado initially moved through the north side of Woodland Mills, causing minor damage to roofs and trees, before crossing <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_State_Route_5" title="Tennessee State Route 5">Tennessee State Route 5</a>. After moving northeast for one-half mile (0.80 km), rated EF0, it crossed the Tennessee–Kentucky state line near the community of <a href="/wiki/State_Line,_Kentucky" title="State Line, Kentucky">State Line</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fulton_County,_Kentucky" title="Fulton County, Kentucky">Fulton County</a>, causing additional tree damage. The total damage caused in Tennessee by the tornado was estimated at $25,000 (2021 USD).<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg/220px-EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg/330px-EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg/440px-EF4_damage_to_a_business_in_Cayce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption>Low-end EF4 damage to a business in downtown Cayce</figcaption></figure> Farther to the northeast, the tornado reached EF2 strength, tearing roofs off homes, damaging or destroying outbuildings, damaging irrigation equipment, and ripping apart trailer homes. Soon after, the tornado became violent and directly impacted the small community of <a href="/wiki/Cayce,_Kentucky" title="Cayce, Kentucky">Cayce</a> at low-end EF4 intensity, where homes and small businesses were damaged or destroyed, some of which were leveled or swept from their foundations. A music venue in a former school building was badly damaged, and the Cayce Volunteer Fire Department building was destroyed; the metal beams of the structure severely twisted as pieces of heavy machinery were tossed around. Several outbuildings and mobile homes were also destroyed. One person died in Cayce and several others were injured.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> After moving to the northeast of Cayce, the tornado weakened but remained strong as it moved at EF3 intensity through rural areas to the northeast of the town, destroying barns and a cell tower, and tearing the roof and exterior walls from a house. The tornado moved into <a href="/wiki/Hickman_County,_Kentucky" title="Hickman County, Kentucky">Hickman County</a> and appeared to dramatically intensify as it crossed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_51_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 51 in Kentucky">US 51</a>, where extreme ground scouring occurred in nearby fields. The tornado scoured trenches into the ground, removing all grass and several inches of topsoil in the worst affected areas.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> No structures were impacted near US 51 and no rating was applied to the scouring. EF3 damage continued past this point as homes and metal truss towers were destroyed. EF2 damage was noted as it tracked into <a href="/wiki/Graves_County,_Kentucky" title="Graves County, Kentucky">Graves County</a>, closely paralleling <a href="/wiki/Purchase_Parkway" title="Purchase Parkway">Purchase Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_45_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 45 in Kentucky">US 45</a>, and moving directly toward the city of <a href="/wiki/Mayfield,_Kentucky" title="Mayfield, Kentucky">Mayfield</a>. The roof of a house along <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_339" title="Kentucky Route 339">KY 339</a> was torn off, and many trees and power poles were downed in this area.<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayfield">Mayfield</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mayfield">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/220px-seek%3D5-Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="341" data-mwtitle="Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.720p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.1080p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.360p.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/83/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm/Urban_Search_and_Rescue_Team_IN-TF1_DOD_108727472.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:00:05" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Search and rescue teams combing through the wreckage of the Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory in Mayfield on December 13</figcaption></figure> The National Weather Service issued a tornado emergency for Mayfield at 9:26 p.m. CST (03:26 UTC) as the now massive wedge tornado approached the town from the southwest.<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[36]</a> As the tornado entered Mayfield, it regained EF4 intensity, and numerous homes along Cardinal Road were damaged or destroyed; some houses were leveled or swept from their foundations. Trees in the area were debarked and denuded, cars were thrown, and mobile homes were destroyed. EF4 damage continued after the tornado crossed over <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_45_in_Kentucky#Mayfield_bypass" title="U.S. Route 45 in Kentucky">Mayfield Bypass</a> (US 45 Bypass/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 69 in Kentucky">I-69</a>), where <a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Consumer_Products" title="Mayfield Consumer Products">Mayfield Consumer Products</a>, a candle factory where approximately 110 employees were working, was flattened.<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews2-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkmann-38">[38]</a> The large, metal-framed warehouse building collapsed, trapping employees, and resulting in eight deaths and numerous injuries.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-D'Angelo-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews2-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brinkmann-38">[38]</a> Allegedly, workers' jobs had been threatened if they left the factory between the first and second tornado warnings for the area – a tornado warning had been issued at approximately 5:30 p.m. CST that evening – and again after the second tornado warning was issued after 9:00 p.m. CST.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Several nearby industrial businesses were also damaged or destroyed, while semi-trucks and other industrial vehicles were thrown and destroyed, some being left unrecognizable.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/220px--First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="40" data-mwtitle="First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="850" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1270" data-height="718" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="254" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="424" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm/First_National_Bank_Mayfield_CCTV.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="636" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>CCTV footage of the tornado striking a bank in downtown Mayfield at EF4 intensity</figcaption></figure> After briefly weakening to EF3 intensity, the tornado again intensified, reaching just below high-end EF4 intensity as it moved along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_45_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 45 in Kentucky">US 45</a> and tore through the center of Mayfield, resulting in widespread, catastrophic damage throughout the <a href="/wiki/Mayfield_Downtown_Commercial_District" title="Mayfield Downtown Commercial District">historic downtown square</a> that was listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">late-Victorian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Classical Revival</a> architecture.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-courier-journal-43">[43]</a> Most of the structures in downtown Mayfield were heavily damaged or destroyed, including large, well-built, multi-story, brick buildings that collapsed. Only large piles of bricks and lumber remained in the hardest-hit portions of the downtown area, and streets were left buried under debris. The large, well-constructed <a href="/wiki/Graves_County_Courthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Graves County Courthouse">Graves County Courthouse</a> had much of its roof torn off, its <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a> collapsed, and some of its exterior upper-floor walls were demolished.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Several restaurants, an indoor soccer facility, a barber shop, automotive business, a gym, a bank, a movie theater, a health-and-rehab center, and many other businesses in downtown Mayfield were destroyed. Large metal silos were crumpled and heavily damaged at a granary, and the large Mayfield water tower was toppled and destroyed. The post office, city hall, fire station, and police station were significantly damaged or destroyed,<a href="#cite_note-nbcnews2-37">[37]</a> and the emergency operations center lost the ability to transmit radio communications. Three large churches were destroyed in downtown Mayfield, including the First Presbyterian Church  a large, well-built brick structure that was mostly leveled. The domed roof and upper walls of the First Christian Church collapsed, as did the sanctuary of the First United Methodist Church, which was constructed with very thick, masonry, exterior walls. A school bus garage, metal industrial buildings, and apartment buildings in other parts of the town were damaged or destroyed. The tornado also devastated residential areas of the town, levelling or sweeping numerous homes from their foundations. Many trees were denuded and debarked, and cars were thrown hundreds of yards and mangled. <a href="/wiki/Weather_radar#Polarization" title="Weather radar">Dual polarization</a> radar imagery showed the tornado had lofted debris up to 30,000 feet (9,100 m) as it impacted the city.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Twenty-two people were killed in and around Mayfield, and hundreds more were injured, many severely.<a href="#cite_note-lexhl-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The tornado's winds peaked at 188 mph (303 km/h) in the city.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marshall,_Lyon,_and_Caldwell_counties">Marshall, Lyon, and Caldwell counties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marshall, Lyon, and Caldwell counties">edit</a>]</div> After leaving Mayfield, the tornado weakened, producing damage at EF2 to EF3 strength, and continued northeast along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 69 in Kentucky">I-69</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_58" title="Kentucky Route 58">KY 58</a>. A hangar and some small airplanes were destroyed at Mayfield Graves County Airport, and homes, a nearby church, and a business were damaged. Further weakening occurred as the tornado continued moving northeast, and EF0 to EF1 damage to trees and structures occurred. It intensified again as it approached and crossed the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Kentucky" title="Marshall County, Kentucky">Marshall County</a> line along I-69 before moving through the northwestern and northern outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Benton,_Kentucky" title="Benton, Kentucky">Benton</a>, damaging or destroying homes, garages, and outbuildings; downing trees and power lines; and flipping RV campers. Most of the damage through this section of Marshall County ranged in intensity from EF2 to EF3, though a few homes to the southwest of Benton were leveled or swept from their foundations at high-end EF3 strength.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The tornado then moved into <a href="/wiki/Briensburg,_Kentucky" title="Briensburg, Kentucky">Briensburg</a> at EF2 intensity; houses near and along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_68" title="U.S. Route 68">US 68</a> sustained partial-to-total roof loss, outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and a metal truss transmission tower collapsed. Past Briensburg, EF3 damage occurred along Lowery Road, where a poorly anchored house was leveled, and some other homes sustained EF2 damage.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado again reached EF4 intensity as it moved through the small community of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_Shores,_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge Shores, Kentucky (page does not exist)">Cambridge Shores</a>, which is located along the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Lake" title="Kentucky Lake">Kentucky Lake</a>. Numerous homes were in the community, including large lakeside houses, were leveled or swept from their foundations. Large trees were snapped, denuded, and debarked, and vehicles were thrown. The roof of a fire department building was torn off and large, metal, boat-storage buildings were destroyed. The tornado then weakened but remained strong as it crossed Kentucky Lake into <a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Kentucky" title="Lyon County, Kentucky">Lyon County</a> and traversed the <a href="/wiki/Land_Between_the_Lakes_National_Recreation_Area" title="Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area">Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area</a>, leveling a large swath of trees and snapping power poles at EF2 strength as it passed near <a href="/wiki/Twin_Lakes,_Kentucky" title="Twin Lakes, Kentucky">Twin Lakes</a> before crossing <a href="/wiki/Lake_Barkley" title="Lake Barkley">Lake Barkley</a>. After crossing Lake Barkley, the tornado strengthened back to EF3 intensity, and crossed <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_93" title="Kentucky Route 93">KY 93</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_24" title="Interstate 24">I-24</a> near the lake's eastern shore, where many homes sustained major damage or were destroyed, and several houses were leveled or swept from their foundations.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DawsonSpringsDamageIMG_0285.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DawsonSpringsDamageIMG_0285.jpg/250px-DawsonSpringsDamageIMG_0285.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DawsonSpringsDamageIMG_0285.jpg/330px-DawsonSpringsDamageIMG_0285.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Debris and destroyed homes along Alexander Street in Dawson Springs</figcaption></figure> Soon after, the tornado again explosively intensified and crossed into <a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Kentucky" title="Caldwell County, Kentucky">Caldwell County</a> along <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_293" title="Kentucky Route 293">KY 293</a>, producing EF4 damage as it impacted the southern edge of <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_Kentucky" title="Princeton, Kentucky">Princeton</a>, where another tornado emergency was issued.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Two miles (3.2 km) before impacting Princeton, the tornado hit and destroyed a Kentucky <a href="/wiki/Mesonet" title="Mesonet">mesonet</a> station, which recorded 120.1 miles per hour (193.3 km/h) winds, setting the new record for the highest-measured wind gust in Kentucky history.<a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Wind-51">[51]</a> Within two-miles, the tornado intensified a minimum of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-NCEI_Wind-51">[51]</a> In Princeton, dozens of houses along the southern and southeastern fringes of town were destroyed, especially at the Princeton Golf and Country Club subdivision, where several houses were leveled or swept away. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a> Research Center was destroyed; metal roof trusses were carried hundreds of yards from the structure and wrapped around trees. Cars were thrown from the parking lot into adjacent fields, metal light poles were ripped from their concrete footings, and ground scouring occurred.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] In and around Princeton, trees were stripped of their limbs and partially debarked, barns and farm buildings were destroyed, livestock was killed, and cycloidal markings were left in fields outside the town. Four deaths and numerous injuries occurred in Princeton. The tornado then followed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_62_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 62 in Kentucky">US 62</a>, producing EF2 to EF3 damage to homes in the small communities of <a href="/wiki/Lewistown,_Kentucky" title="Lewistown, Kentucky">Lewistown</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midway,_Caldwell_County,_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midway, Caldwell County, Kentucky (page does not exist)">Midway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dawson_Springs,_Barnsley,_and_Bremen">Dawson Springs, Barnsley, and Bremen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dawson Springs, Barnsley, and Bremen">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawson_springs_EF4_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg/220px-Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg/330px-Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg/440px-Dawson_springs_EF4_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Widespread destruction in a residential area of Dawson Springs</figcaption></figure> Past Midway, the tornado became violent and again reached EF4 intensity as it moved along <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_62_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 62 in Kentucky">US 62</a>, causing catastrophic damage as it entered the city of <a href="/wiki/Dawson_Springs,_Kentucky" title="Dawson Springs, Kentucky">Dawson Springs</a>, located along the Caldwell–<a href="/wiki/Hopkins_County,_Kentucky" title="Hopkins County, Kentucky">Hopkins</a> county line. A fourth tornado emergency was in effect for Dawson Springs and <a href="/wiki/St._Charles,_Kentucky" title="St. Charles, Kentucky">St. Charles</a> as the storm moved through the area. In residential areas in northern Dawson Springs, entire blocks of homes were destroyed, and many houses were leveled or swept from their foundations. Cars were thrown, copious amounts of structural debris was strewn in all directions, countless trees were shredded and debarked, and only rubble remained in the hardest-hit neighborhoods. The Dawson Village apartment complex was destroyed and several two-story, brick apartment buildings sustained EF4 damage, being largely reduced to rubble with only a few first-floor interior walls left intact. Meteorologists <a href="/wiki/Timothy_P._Marshall" title="Timothy P. Marshall">Timothy Marshall</a> and Brian E. Smith, and <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">structural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">forensic engineer</a> Christine L Wielglos, later published a damage survey from Dawson Springs that rated the apartment complex as mid-EF3 intensity with winds estimated at 155 miles per hour (249 km/h) due to structural flaws that were found.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Vehicles were thrown into piles in the parking lot of the complex. Several <a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">duplexes</a> at Clarkdale Court were destroyed, including one that was leveled with only a pile of debris remaining. An <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a> post and a car wash were flattened, and a church and a medical clinic sustained major damage. Some logistics facilities and warehouses in an industrial park were leveled as the tornado exited the city, as were several metal self-storage-unit buildings and large garages nearby.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Fourteen people were killed in the Dawson Springs area and many others were injured. A mother and her two children survived with major injuries by hanging on to a mattress as they were thrown 250 feet (76 m) through the air into a field after the tornado swept their Dawson Springs home from its foundation after crushing them underneath it first.<a href="#cite_note-courier-journal-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> A photograph from a destroyed house in Dawson Springs was lofted and transported almost 130 miles (210 km) by the intense tornadic updrafts, eventually being found in <a href="/wiki/New_Albany,_Indiana" title="New Albany, Indiana">New Albany, Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> South-southwest of Dawson Springs, a group of storm chasers photographed a possible <a href="/wiki/Satellite_tornado" title="Satellite tornado">satellite tornado</a> associated with the parent tornado, but the National Weather Service did not confirm this.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg/220px-BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg/330px-BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg/440px-BarnsleyFreightCar2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A multi-ton freight car that was thrown from the tracks in Barnsley</figcaption></figure> Beyond Dawson Springs, the tornado tracked to the northeast, passing north of <a href="/wiki/Ilsley,_Kentucky" title="Ilsley, Kentucky">Ilsley</a> and through the rural community of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbondale,_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbondale, Kentucky (page does not exist)">Carbondale</a>, weakening slightly to high-end EF3 strength but continuing to cause major damage. Farm outbuildings and mobile homes were demolished, and houses sustained major damage or were destroyed. Additional high-end EF3 damage occurred and another tornado emergency was issued as it moved through <a href="/wiki/Barnsley,_Kentucky" title="Barnsley, Kentucky">Barnsley</a>, just south of <a href="/wiki/Earlington,_Kentucky" title="Earlington, Kentucky">Earlington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hecla,_Kentucky" title="Hecla, Kentucky">Helca</a>, and just north of <a href="/wiki/Mortons_Gap,_Kentucky" title="Mortons Gap, Kentucky">Mortons Gap</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Almost every house in the small community was damaged or destroyed, including some that were leveled, though they were not well-constructed.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> A train on the <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX</a> freight line adjacent to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_41_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 41 in Kentucky">US 41</a> in the town was derailed, as were 25 multi-ton freight cars, several of which were thrown from the tracks and one was tossed into a house.<a href="#cite_note-Courier1-60">[60]</a> Thousands of large trees were downed and vehicles were flipped. Past Barnsley, the tornado crossed over another CSX freight line and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Kentucky" title="Interstate 69 in Kentucky">I-69</a> before passing through an unpopulated, swampy area, where large trees were snapped or uprooted, and damage was rated EF2.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> Continuing into northern <a href="/wiki/Muhlenberg_County,_Kentucky" title="Muhlenberg County, Kentucky">Muhlenberg County</a>, another tornado emergency was issued for the community of <a href="/wiki/Bremen,_Kentucky" title="Bremen, Kentucky">Bremen</a> as the tornado approached from the southwest. It abruptly intensified to its peak intensity of high-end EF4 with 190 mph (310 km/h) winds as it crossed and paralleled <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kentucky_supplemental_roads_and_rural_secondary_highways_(1%E2%80%93199)#KY_175" title="List of Kentucky supplemental roads and rural secondary highways (1–199)">KY 175</a> through the north side of town. Many homes were destroyed along this portion of its path, including several that were completely swept away with little debris remaining. Large trees were denuded and debarked, grass was scoured from the ground, and vehicles were thrown through the air and mangled. Some of the worst damage in Bremen occurred along Bethlehem Cemetery Road, where a row of four homes were completely swept away with only their foundations remaining, and debris was scattered and wind-rowed long distances through fields across the street. Concrete floor slabs were torn from the foundation of one home and shattered, while the paved driveway of another residence was cracked and scoured. Houses that were farther away from the center of the damage path sustained roof-and-exterior-wall loss, and mobile homes, barns, garages, and other outbuildings were also destroyed. At Bethlehem Baptist Church, a brick exterior wall was blown out and was shifted slightly off of its foundation, while Church Street General Baptist Church lost much of its roof.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Eleven people were killed in and around Bremen, and others were injured.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Among the fatalities was District Judge Brian Crick, who represented Muhlenberg and <a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Kentucky" title="McLean County, Kentucky">McLean</a> counties, as confirmed in a statement from the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Kentucky" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Kentucky">Supreme Court of Kentucky</a> on December 11.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> After the tornado left Bremen, some weakening occurred; it crossed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_431_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 431 in Kentucky">US 431</a> south of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stroud,_Kentucky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stroud, Kentucky (page does not exist)">Stroud</a>, where some houses and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed, and hundreds of large trees were snapped and denuded. Damage in this area was rated EF2 to low-end EF3.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_damage_and_dissipation">Later damage and dissipation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later damage and dissipation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg/250px-Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg/330px-Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg/500px-Hartford_KY_tornado_damage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Major structural damage to a house near Hartford</figcaption></figure> While passing near the Muhlenberg–<a href="/wiki/McLean_County,_Kentucky" title="McLean County, Kentucky">McLean</a> county line, the tornado weakened substantially as it crossed into <a href="/wiki/Ohio_County,_Kentucky" title="Ohio County, Kentucky">Ohio County</a> at 11:10 p.m. (05:10 UTC), producing EF1 damage as it traversed rugged, hilly terrain to the west of <a href="/wiki/Centertown,_Kentucky" title="Centertown, Kentucky">Centertown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> It moved through an abandoned coal-strip mine, overturning a large section of a coal conveyor belt, snapping trees, and downing power poles. A few farm outbuildings in this area were also damaged or destroyed. The tornado again strengthened north of Centertown along <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_85" title="Kentucky Route 85">KY 85</a>, producing EF2 damage; houses and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, including a well-built house where much of the roof was torn off and an exterior wall collapsed. <a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> Five large chicken houses were destroyed, and hundreds of large, hardwood trees along a one-quarter-mile (400 m)-wide swath along this section of the path were snapped and uprooted. Weakening back to EF1 intensity, the tornado downed trees along Carter Ferry Road and Mud College Road.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado entered a flatter area to the west of <a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Kentucky" title="Hartford, Kentucky">Hartford</a> and began to intensify once more; large, steel, power poles were bent over or broken along Johnson School Road, earning an EF3 rating. North of Hartford, the tornado crossed <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_231_in_Kentucky" title="U.S. Route 231 in Kentucky">US 231</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_165_(Kentucky)" title="Interstate 165 (Kentucky)">I-165</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_69" title="Kentucky Route 69">KY 69</a>, and crossed the <a href="/wiki/Rough_River" title="Rough River">Rough River</a> three times.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a> Homes and businesses sustained significant EF3 damage in this area; two tractor-trailers were lifted and thrown 40 yards (37 m), and one of the cabs was poorly mangled. Houses, large barns, garages, a small, brick office structure, very large silos, and a fertilizer storage facility were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-LMKOhio-65">[65]</a> The last area of EF3-strength damage occurred along KY 69 and Utley Drive northeast of Hartford, where a poorly anchored, block-foundation home was swept away and destroyed, and other houses nearby lost their roofs and exterior walls. Two anchored mobile homes were swept away and destroyed, with their frames tossed and bent, and one was thrown 100 yards (91 m). An RV camper in this area was thrown 30 yards (27 m), landing upside down; tractors and large hay bales were also thrown considerable distances.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-LMKOhio-65">[65]</a> Damage of up to high-end EF2 intensity occurred beyond this point as the tornado crossed Humble Valley Road, Halls Creek Road, and Mount Vernon Road before passing north of <a href="/wiki/Olaton,_Kentucky" title="Olaton, Kentucky">Olaton</a>. Homes were significantly damaged, barns and mobile homes were destroyed, a cow was killed, and thousands of large hardwood trees were downed.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado paralleled the Ohio–<a href="/wiki/Grayson_County,_Kentucky" title="Grayson County, Kentucky">Grayson</a> county line and very briefly crossed a bend in the Rough River into Grayson County. Hundreds of trees along Cane Ford Road were downed and an abandoned trailer home was destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado then crossed <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_54" title="Kentucky Route 54">KY 54</a>, where the last area of EF2 damage occurred, as a frail home was destroyed and left with only a few walls standing. Large trees were snapped and one of them fell on and destroyed a car. Some outbuildings in this area were also damaged or destroyed. Entering <a href="/wiki/Breckinridge_County,_Kentucky" title="Breckinridge County, Kentucky">Breckinridge County</a> at EF1 intensity, the tornado paralleled the Breckinridge–Grayson county line and crossed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kentucky_supplemental_roads_and_rural_secondary_highways_(1%E2%80%93199)#KY_110" title="List of Kentucky supplemental roads and rural secondary highways (1–199)">KY 110</a> northwest of <a href="/wiki/Falls_of_Rough,_Kentucky" title="Falls of Rough, Kentucky">Falls of Rough</a>. Hundreds of trees in the area were downed and two structures sustained minor damage. The tornado downed power lines as it crossed <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_79" title="Kentucky Route 79">KY 79</a> at EF0 strength, damaged a large boat-storage facility and scattered sheet metal debris across the runway of a small airport 300 yards (270 m) to the northeast. Some additional minor tree damage occurred before the tornado dissipated near Park Drive in Grayson County at 11:48 p.m. CST (5:48 UTC) as it entered <a href="/wiki/Rough_River_Dam_State_Resort_Park" title="Rough River Dam State Resort Park">Rough River Dam State Resort Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rough_River_Lake" title="Rough River Lake">Rough River Lake</a>, approximately four miles (6.4 km) west of <a href="/wiki/McDaniels,_Kentucky" title="McDaniels, Kentucky">McDaniels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a> The tornado reached a peak width of 2,600 yards (2,400 m) and was on the ground for nearly three hours, tracking 165.6 miles (266.5 km) from Woodland Mills to Rough River Dam State Resort Park.<a href="#cite_note-DAT-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-LMKOhio-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> The path was the ninth longest in recorded history.<a href="#cite_note-SPCReview-67">[67]</a> It was rated high-end EF4 with an estimated peak wind speed of 190 mph (310 km/h). It directly caused 57 deaths, making it the deadliest single tornado in the United States since the <a href="/wiki/2011_Joplin_tornado" title="2011 Joplin tornado">Joplin, Missouri tornado</a> on May 22, 2011. One person died as a result of a heart attack while clearing debris; this 58th death is listed as indirect.<a href="#cite_note-WKYTor-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_EF5_intensity">Possible EF5 intensity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Possible EF5 intensity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/EF5_drought" title="EF5 drought">EF5 drought</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disagreements_on_the_intensity_of_tornadoes" title="Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes">Disagreements on the intensity of tornadoes</a></div> In 2022, <a href="/wiki/Timothy_P._Marshall" title="Timothy P. Marshall">Timothy Marshall</a>, a meteorologist, <a href="/wiki/Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">structural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forensic_engineering" title="Forensic engineering">forensic engineer</a>; Zachary B. Wienhoff, with Haag Engineering Company; Christine L. Wielgos, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service of Paducah; and Brian E. Smith, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service of <a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a>, published a damage survey of portions of the tornado's track, particularly through Mayfield and Dawson Springs. The report notes: "the tornado damage rating might have been higher had more wind resistant structures been encountered. Also, the fast forward speed of the tornado had little 'dwell' time of strong winds over a building and thus, the damage likely would have been more severe if the tornado were slower."<a href="#cite_note-:0-66">[66]</a> Marshall later stated in 2023 that the Western Kentucky tornado was "the closest to EF5 that I can remember" since the <a href="/wiki/2013_Moore_tornado" title="2013 Moore tornado">Moore EF5 of 2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-68">[68]</a> Marshall also stated some of the buildings struck by the strongest winds "were horribly constructed and could not resist 100 or even 150 mph wind let alone 200 mph", meaning it was "impossible to know if EF5 winds affected them".<a href="#cite_note-WashPost-68">[68]</a> On January 23, 2025, Anthony W. Lyza with the <a href="/wiki/National_Severe_Storms_Laboratory" title="National Severe Storms Laboratory">National Severe Storms Laboratory</a> along with Harold E. Brooks and Makenzie J. Kroca with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma" title="University of Oklahoma">University of Oklahoma</a>’s School of Meteorology published a paper to the <a href="/wiki/American_Meteorological_Society" title="American Meteorological Society">American Meteorological Society</a>, where they stated the tornado in Mayfield was an "EF5 candidate". It was also explained that the EF5 starting wind speed should be 190 miles per hour (310 km/h) instead of 201 miles per hour (323 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impacts">Impacts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Impacts">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (February 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg/250px-Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg/330px-Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg/500px-Mayfield_KY_State_Farm_CRU_-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of EF3 damage in Mayfield the day after the tornado</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Casualties">edit</a>]</div> The tornado directly killed 57 people and resulted in 519 injuries; it was the deadliest tornado ever recorded in the United States in the month of December, and the deadliest tornado since <a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">2011</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In Graves County, 24 people died and more than 200 were injured; fifteen died in Hopkins County, eleven in Muhlenberg County, four in Caldwell County, and one person each in Fulton, Marshall, and Lyon counties.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a> A 58th victim suffered a heart attack while clearing debris and is listed as an indirect fatality.<a href="#cite_note-WKYTor-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Damage">Damage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Damage">edit</a>]</div> The tornado produced profound destruction in multiple communities. In Mayfield, according to the National Weather Service, more than 4,000 structures were damaged or destroyed; this included 3,778 residences, 183 commercial buildings, and 103 other structures.<a href="#cite_note-PAH-2">[2]</a> The tornado destroyed primarily low-income rental housing units, leading to a depleted stock of affordable housing in the city; Mayfield Housing Authority reported it had more than 700 requests for one-bedroom units almost a year after the tornado.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In Marshall County, containing the heavily damaged community of Cambridge Shores, 356 structures were destroyed or made uninhabitable, and 341 more sustained light or moderate damage.<a href="#cite_note-WKYTor-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response_and_recovery">Response and recovery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Response and recovery">edit</a>]</div> On December 11, 2021, Kentucky governor <a href="/wiki/Andy_Beshear" title="Andy Beshear">Andy Beshear</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> for parts of western Kentucky; it was followed that day by U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s approval of a federal emergency <a href="/wiki/Disaster_area" title="Disaster area">disaster declaration</a> for the state of Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-Hatter-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-apnews-73">[73]</a> Beshear also announced the creation of a tornado relief fund and asked people to donate blood because stocks of blood was running low throughout the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">COVID 19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-apnews-73">[73]</a> On December 15, Mayor of Mayfield Kathy Stewart O'Nan said that recovery efforts would continue.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The NWS office in <a href="/wiki/Paducah,_Kentucky" title="Paducah, Kentucky">Paducah</a> requested mental-health officers be present to assist meteorologists for potential trauma from assessing the tornado's path of devastation.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> On December 12, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> (FEMA) Administrator <a href="/wiki/Deanne_Criswell" title="Deanne Criswell">Deanne Criswell</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> Secretary <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> visited areas of Graves and Marshall counties, met with emergency management officials and responders, and held a media briefing with Governor Beshear.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Their visit was followed on December 15 by a visit from President Biden, who flew to Kentucky and toured Mayfield and Dawson Springs, meeting survivors. Describing the damage as "almost beyond belief", Biden announcement the disaster declaration had been amended to have the federal government pay the entire cost of debris removal, and overtime for law enforcement and emergency personnel for the next month.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The tornado's major impacts on Graves County Court operations, which included the destruction of the courthouse in Mayfield, led the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Supreme_Court" title="Kentucky Supreme Court">Kentucky Supreme Court</a> to suspend the county's court operations, including physical and electronic court filings, between December 13, 2021, and January 11, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The Mayfield Messenger, the city's main newspaper, began printing an extra 2,000 copies per printing run of its paper, distributing them for free around the city.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> By February 14, 2022, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a> had cleared more than 280,000 cubic yards (210,000 m3) of debris in Graves County, including Mayfield;<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> by April 4, that number had risen to 265,453 cubic yards (202,953 m3) of debris removed in Mayfield and 433,408 cubic yards (331,364 m3) in total form Graves County.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> By May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> and the environmental nonprofit Living Lands and Waters, using excavators, barges, and volunteers, had removed 1.2 million pounds (540 metric tons) of tornado debris from <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Lake" title="Kentucky Lake">Kentucky Lake</a>. Objects found included entire docks, cars, kayaks, and personal effects.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief">Relief</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Relief">edit</a>]</div> Governor Beshear's administration created the Team Western Kentucky Tornado Relief Fund, which received approximately 150,000 individual donations for a total of $52 million.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Disaster-relief and humanitarian groups such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a>, and <a href="/wiki/World_Vision_United_States" title="World Vision United States">World Vision</a> collected donations and provided aid after the tornado.<a href="#cite_note-apnews-73">[73]</a> More than 4,500 people attended a tornado relief concert in August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 2024, the City of Mayfield was awarded $31.5 million in federal-and-state grants to help rebuild roads in its downtown area. The U.S. Department of Transportation awarded the city $25 million through its <a href="/wiki/Rebuilding_American_Infrastructure_with_Sustainability_and_Equity" title="Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity">Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity</a> (RAISE) grant program. That money, along with $6.3 million in state transportation funding and $200,000 from other federal grants, was to be used to reconstruct around 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of high-traffic thoroughfares in the Graves County seat.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rebuilding">Rebuilding</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rebuilding">edit</a>]</div> In June 2022, Mayfield City Council put several blocks in the city's heavily impacted downtown under a building permit freeze as they decided how to rebuild in the area, before <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">rezoning</a> the area in December 2022 for "less restrictive" commercial and residential <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In December 2022, a temporary memorial was placed in the Mayfield court square.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In February 2023, Mayfield mayor Kathy O'Nan visited <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Louisville, Mississippi">Louisville, Mississippi</a>, which was struck by <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_27%E2%80%9330,_2014#Noxapater–Louisville,_Mississippi" title="Tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014">a devastating EF4 tornado</a> in 2014, to tour the damage path and speak with city leaders about the rebuilding process and funding sources.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayfield_candle_factory_lawsuit">Mayfield candle factory lawsuit</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Mayfield candle factory lawsuit">edit</a>]</div> Accusations of factory management prohibiting workers from leaving a Mayfield Consumer Products candle factory before the tornado struck the factory were reported on December 13.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Workers said management told them: "if you leave, you're more than likely to be fired".<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> On December 17, it was reported multiple workers at the candle factory filed a lawsuit against Mayfield Consumer Products in state court, seeking compensation and punitive damages. The lawsuit alleged the factory had up to three-and-a-half hours to let workers leave as safety precautions and did not, and the company showed a "flagrant indifference to the rights of workers" and violated the Kentucky occupational safety and health workplace standards by refusing evacuations.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The following January, the factory closed and Mayfield Consumer Products laid off approximately 250 workers there, shifting operations and the remaining workers to a new plant in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Hickory,_Kentucky" title="Hickory, Kentucky">Hickory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On December 8, 2022, a second lawsuit was filed against Mayfield Consumer Products on behalf of three workers who were killed in the candle factory collapse and seven who survived. The lawsuit alleged "false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress and violation of Kentucky statutory law".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/32px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/48px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg/64px-Cumulus_clouds_in_fair_weather.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Weather" title="Portal:Weather">Weather portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:December_2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:December 2021 Western Kentucky tornado">December 2021 Western Kentucky tornado</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weather_of_2021" title="Weather of 2021">Weather of 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_tornadoes_and_tornado_outbreaks" title="List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks">List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_F4_and_EF4_tornadoes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes">List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_F4_and_EF4_tornadoes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2020–present)">List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2020–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deadliest_tornadoes_in_the_Americas" title="List of deadliest tornadoes in the Americas">List of deadliest tornadoes in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_case_studies_on_tornadoes_(2020%E2%80%93present)" title="List of case studies on tornadoes (2020–present)">List of case studies on tornadoes (2020–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_of_2021" title="Weather of 2021">Weather of 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_intensity_and_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado intensity and damage">Tornado intensity and damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_records" title="Tornado records">Tornado records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-State_tornado_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-State tornado outbreak">Tri-State tornado outbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_3%E2%80%939,_1961" title="Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961">Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961</a> – A tornado outbreak sequence that affected multiple areas that were struck by this tornado</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Central_Alabama_tornado" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Central Alabama tornado">2011 Central Alabama tornado</a> – A tornado that was on the ground for a similar duration</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WKYTor-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WKYTor_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WKYTor_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WKYTor_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WKYTor_1-3">d</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>'s finalized damage survey by county <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNational_Weather_Service_in_Memphis,_TennesseeNational_Centers_for_Environmental_Information2022" class="citation web cs1">National Weather Service in Memphis, Tennessee; National Centers for Environmental Information (March 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=997426">"Tennessee Event Report: EF4 Tornado (Obion County)"</a>. Storm Event Database. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924214906/https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=997426">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Storm+Event+Database&rft.atitle=Tennessee+Event+Report%3A+EF4+Tornado+%28Obion+County%29&rft.date=2022-03-19&rft.au=National+Weather+Service+in+Memphis%2C+Tennessee&rft.au=National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fstormevents%2Feventdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D997426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=994038">"Kentucky Event Report: EF4 Tornado"</a>. National Centers for Environmental Information. National Weather Service in Paducah, Kentucky. 2021. 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National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. January 25, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212223400/https://www.weather.gov/pah/December-10th-11th-2021-Tornado">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dec+10%E2%80%9311%2C+2021+Tornado+Event&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service+Forecast+Office+in+Paducah%2C+Kentucky&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fpah%2FDecember-10th-11th-2021-Tornado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kentucky.com/news/state/kentucky/article256682142.html">"How far did deadly Western Kentucky tornado travel? NWS sets preliminary distance"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Herald-Leader" title="Lexington Herald-Leader">Lexington Herald-Leader</a>. Retrieved November 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+far+did+deadly+Western+Kentucky+tornado+travel%3F+NWS+sets+preliminary+distance.&rft.pub=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentucky.com%2Fnews%2Fstate%2Fkentucky%2Farticle256682142.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Centers_for_Environmental_Information2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information" title="National Centers for Environmental Information">National Centers for Environmental Information</a> (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/national/202112">"December 2021 National Climate Report"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 12, 2024. <q>The historic "Mayfield tornado," as its commonly called, was on the ground for 165.7 miles, had peak winds of 190 mph, and resulted in 55+ fatalities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=December+2021+National+Climate+Report&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=2022-01&rft.au=National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fmonitoring%2Fmonthly-report%2Fnational%2F202112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpodenWielgos2022" class="citation web cs1">Spoden, Pat; Wielgos, Christine (March 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scicolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov/Tornado_2022.html">"The December 10-11, 2021 West Kentucky Tornado Rated EF4 - The Beast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> Paducah, Kentucky. Retrieved November 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=The+December+10-11%2C+2021+West+Kentucky+Tornado+Rated+EF4+-+The+Beast&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft.aulast=Spoden&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft.au=Wielgos%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscicolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov%2FTornado_2022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPelley2021" class="citation web cs1">Pelley, Scott (December 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kentucky-december-10-11-tornado-outbreak-60-minutes-2021-12-19/">"Stories and science from the devastating December 10-11 tornado outbreak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. Retrieved November 12, 2024. <q>One meteorologist we talked with called that tornado, "the beast."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stories+and+science+from+the+devastating+December+10-11+tornado+outbreak&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2021-12-19&rft.aulast=Pelley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkentucky-december-10-11-tornado-outbreak-60-minutes-2021-12-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbts.edu/news/one-year-later-mayfield-coming-back-after-devastating-tornado/">"One Year Later, Mayfield Coming Back after Devastating Tornado"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Theological_Seminary" title="Southern Baptist Theological Seminary">Southern Baptist Theological Seminary</a>. December 13, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2024. <q>Just before 9:30 that evening, one of the strongest tornadoes to hit the United States in the past decade—a storm so ferocious it moved one National Weather meteorologist to nickname it "the Beast"—roared through the center of downtown Mayfield.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+Year+Later%2C+Mayfield+Coming+Back+after+Devastating+Tornado&rft.pub=Southern+Baptist+Theological+Seminary&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbts.edu%2Fnews%2Fone-year-later-mayfield-coming-back-after-devastating-tornado%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvky.org/community-ventures-and-usda-partner-to-build-up-local-businesses-in-ky-delt/">"Community Ventures; USDA Help Local Market Remain Open After Western KY Tornadoes"</a>. 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Retrieved November 13, 2024. <q>Shortly after opening, in December of 2021 a historic twister dubbed 'The Beast' by the weather service ripped a path of devastation across four states, effectively leveling the town of Mayfield.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CVKY&rft.atitle=Community+Ventures%3B+USDA+Help+Local+Market+Remain+Open+After+Western+KY+Tornadoes&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvky.org%2Fcommunity-ventures-and-usda-partner-to-build-up-local-businesses-in-ky-delt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig2024" class="citation web cs1">Craig, Berry (December 10, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forwardky.com/three-years-ago-tonight-the-beast-struck-kentucky-tag-feature/">"Three years ago tonight, 'The Beast' struck Kentucky"</a>. Forwardky.com. Forward Kentucky. Retrieved January 23, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forwardky.com&rft.atitle=Three+years+ago+tonight%2C+%E2%80%98The+Beast%E2%80%99+struck+Kentucky&rft.date=2024-12-10&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Berry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforwardky.com%2Fthree-years-ago-tonight-the-beast-struck-kentucky-tag-feature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig2022" class="citation web cs1">Craig, Berry (March 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/union-members-nationwide-rally-to-kentucky-brothers-and-sisters-hit-by-tornadoes/">"Union members nationwide rally to Kentucky brothers and sisters hit by tornadoes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_World" title="People's World">People's World</a>. Retrieved November 13, 2024. <q>He knew nothing of the massive tornado system dubbed "The Beast" until he saw shocking news reports on TV at home in Louisville.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+members+nationwide+rally+to+Kentucky+brothers+and+sisters+hit+by+tornadoes&rft.pub=People%27s+World&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Berry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peoplesworld.org%2Farticle%2Funion-members-nationwide-rally-to-kentucky-brothers-and-sisters-hit-by-tornadoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEG-6"><a href="#cite_ref-MEG_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/meg/dec102021tor">"December 10–11, 2021 Tornado Outbreak"</a>. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee. December 15, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220233144/https://www.weather.gov/meg/dec102021tor">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=December+10%E2%80%9311%2C+2021+Tornado+Outbreak&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service+Forecast+Office+in+Memphis%2C+Tennessee&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fmeg%2Fdec102021tor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds2-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds2_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRyan_Reynolds2021" class="citation news cs1">Ryan Reynolds (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2021/12/11/kentuckys-long-track-tornado-may-have-broke-guinness-book-record/6475226001/">"Kentucky tornado may have broken 1925 'Tri-State Tornado's' longest continuous path record"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evansville_Courier_%26_Press" title="Evansville Courier & Press">Evansville Courier & Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211143330/https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2021/12/11/kentuckys-long-track-tornado-may-have-broke-guinness-book-record/6475226001/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornado+may+have+broken+1925+%27Tri-State+Tornado%27s%27+longest+continuous+path+record&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.au=Ryan+Reynolds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courierpress.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2021%2F12%2F11%2Fkentuckys-long-track-tornado-may-have-broke-guinness-book-record%2F6475226001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-kentucky/why-the-quad-states-tornado-happened">"How the 'Quad States' tornado happened"</a>. WCPO. December 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214195744/https://www.wcpo.com/news/state/state-kentucky/why-the-quad-states-tornado-happened">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WCPO&rft.atitle=How+the+%27Quad+States%27+tornado+happened&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcpo.com%2Fnews%2Fstate%2Fstate-kentucky%2Fwhy-the-quad-states-tornado-happened&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-9"><a href="#cite_ref-:17_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/nation/2021/12/13/deadly-tornado-slammed-5-states-may-longest-ever-us-history/6487437001/">"Longest tornado ever? Deadly twister that hit 5 states may set record"</a>. The Cincinnati Enquirer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317030731/https://www.cincinnati.com/restricted/?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincinnati.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F12%2F13%2Fdeadly-tornado-slammed-5-states-may-longest-ever-us-history%2F6487437001%2F">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Longest+tornado+ever%3F+Deadly+twister+that+hit+5+states+may+set+record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cincinnati.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F12%2F13%2Fdeadly-tornado-slammed-5-states-may-longest-ever-us-history%2F6487437001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">"Factory workers threatened with firing if they left before tornado, employees say"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213211030/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Factory+workers+threatened+with+firing+if+they+left+before+tornado%2C+employees+say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fkentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMassey2021" class="citation web cs1">Massey, Kaelin (December 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlky.com/article/injured-kentucky-mayfield-candle-factory-workers-lawsuit/38530381">"Mayfield candle factory workers file lawsuit, alleging 'flagrant indifference' to their rights"</a>. WLKY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217180920/https://www.wlky.com/article/injured-kentucky-mayfield-candle-factory-workers-lawsuit/38530381">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WLKY&rft.atitle=Mayfield+candle+factory+workers+file+lawsuit%2C+alleging+%27flagrant+indifference%27+to+their+rights&rft.date=2021-12-16&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Kaelin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlky.com%2Farticle%2Finjured-kentucky-mayfield-candle-factory-workers-lawsuit%2F38530381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:18-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:18_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Gleason2021" class="citation web cs1">Aaron Gleason (December 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day3otlk_20211208_0830.html">"Dec 8, 2021 0830 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211208081836/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day3otlk_20211208_0830.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dec+8%2C+2021+0830+UTC+Day+3+Severe+Thunderstorm+Outlook&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-08&rft.au=Aaron+Gleason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Foutlook%2Farchive%2F2021%2Fday3otlk_20211208_0830.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:19-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:19_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAaron_Gleason2021" class="citation web cs1">Aaron Gleason (December 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day2otlk_20211209_0700.html">"Dec 9, 2021 0700 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211015225/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day2otlk_20211209_0700.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dec+9%2C+2021+0700+UTC+Day+2+Convective+Outlook&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft.au=Aaron+Gleason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Foutlook%2Farchive%2F2021%2Fday2otlk_20211209_0700.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:20-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:20_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRich_ThompsonMatt_Mosier2021" class="citation web cs1">Rich Thompson; Matt Mosier (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day1otlk_20211210_1630.html">"Dec 10, 2021 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213051614/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/archive/2021/day1otlk_20211210_1630.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dec+10%2C+2021+1630+UTC+Day+1+Convective+Outlook&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Rich+Thompson&rft.au=Matt+Mosier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Foutlook%2Farchive%2F2021%2Fday1otlk_20211210_1630.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:21-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:21_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRich_Thompson2021" class="citation web cs1">Rich Thompson (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2021/ww0552.html">"Tornado Watch 552"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210211119/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/watch/2021/ww0552.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tornado+Watch+552&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Rich+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Fwatch%2F2021%2Fww0552.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:22-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:22_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrian_SquitieriJeremy_Grams2021" class="citation web cs1">Brian Squitieri; Jeremy Grams (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1984.html">"Mesoscale Discussion 1984"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212052718/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1984.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mesoscale+Discussion+1984&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Brian+Squitieri&rft.au=Jeremy+Grams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Fmd%2Fmd1984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:23-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10–11,_2021_:23_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEvan_Bentley2021" class="citation web cs1">Evan Bentley (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1982.html">"Mesoscale Discussion 1982"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211210230513/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1982.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mesoscale+Discussion+1982&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Evan+Bentley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Fmd%2Fmd1982.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrian_SquitieriJeremy_Grams2021" class="citation web cs1">Brian Squitieri; Jeremy Grams (December 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1986.html">"Mesoscale Discussion 1986"</a>. Storm Prediction Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211055036/https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/md/md1986.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mesoscale+Discussion+1986&rft.pub=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft.au=Brian+Squitieri&rft.au=Jeremy+Grams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fproducts%2Fmd%2Fmd1986.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110325">"Tornado Warning (AR) #1"</a>. National Weather Service Little Rock, Arkansas. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110325">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2021 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tornado+Warning+%28AR%29+%231&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service+Little+Rock%2C+Arkansas&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KMEG-TO-W-0060/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110035">"Tornado Warning (AR) #2"</a>. National Weather Service Little Rock, Arkansas. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KMEG-TO-W-0060/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110035">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 12, 2021 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tornado+Warning+%28AR%29+%232&rft.pub=National+Weather+Service+Little+Rock%2C+Arkansas&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KMEG-TO-W-0060%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDylan_MoriartyBonnie_BerkowitzZach_Levitt2021" class="citation news cs1">Dylan Moriarty; Bonnie Berkowitz; Zach Levitt (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/interactive/2021/tornado-map-quadstate/">"Deadly path: How tornadoes ripped through states"</a>. 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NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212005805/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/quad-state-tornado-crossed-four-states-four-hours-leaving-trail-death-rcna8465">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. 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Retrieved January 4, 2022. <q>Some ground scouring along Hwy 51 between Clinton and Fulton, KY</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=Some+ground+scouring+along+Hwy+51+between+Clinton+and+Fulton%2C+KY&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft.aulast=Emfinger&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fbrianemfinger%2Fstatus%2F1473055357559791627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110325">"Tornado Emergency For Mayfield"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110325">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Mayfield&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0038%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcnews2-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews2_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews2_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews2_37-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/2-dead-arkansas-possible-tornadoes-heavy-weather-strike-us-rcna8451">"At least 70 feared dead in Kentucky as tornadoes rip through swaths of U.S."</a> NBC News. December 12, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212001636/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/2-dead-arkansas-possible-tornadoes-heavy-weather-strike-us-rcna8451">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=At+least+70+feared+dead+in+Kentucky+as+tornadoes+rip+through+swaths+of+U.S.&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fweather%2F2-dead-arkansas-possible-tornadoes-heavy-weather-strike-us-rcna8451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brinkmann-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkmann_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brinkmann_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrinkmann2021" class="citation news cs1">Brinkmann, Heather (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/catastrophic-tornado-damage-reported-in-mayfield-kentucky">"Catastrophic tornado damage reported in Mayfield, Kentucky"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_Weather" title="Fox Weather">Fox Weather</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211055323/https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/catastrophic-tornado-damage-reported-in-mayfield-kentucky">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catastrophic+tornado+damage+reported+in+Mayfield%2C+Kentucky&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Brinkmann&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxweather.com%2Fweather-news%2Fcatastrophic-tornado-damage-reported-in-mayfield-kentucky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/tornadoes-business-arkansas-kentucky-mayfield-b6ef6a901cc2e4552e760a36c749937c">"Thousands without heat, water after tornadoes kill dozens"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. December 13, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213202224/https://apnews.com/article/tornadoes-business-arkansas-kentucky-mayfield-b6ef6a901cc2e4552e760a36c749937c">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Thousands+without+heat%2C+water+after+tornadoes+kill+dozens&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftornadoes-business-arkansas-kentucky-mayfield-b6ef6a901cc2e4552e760a36c749937c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-D'Angelo-40"><a href="#cite_ref-D'Angelo_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'AngeloSeigerDreier2021" class="citation news cs1">D'Angelo, Bob; Seiger, Theresa; Dreier, Natalie (December 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox23.com/news/trending/least-50-feared-dead-after-tornadoes-rip-through-western-kentucky/3KMWOLKRWFDYZMITAUGOJFZBYU/">"Kentucky tornadoes: 8 confirmed dead at candle factory, 8 still missing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOKI-TV" title="KOKI-TV">KOKI-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211182818/https://www.fox23.com/news/trending/least-50-feared-dead-after-tornadoes-rip-through-western-kentucky/3KMWOLKRWFDYZMITAUGOJFZBYU/">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornadoes%3A+8+confirmed+dead+at+candle+factory%2C+8+still+missing&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft.aulast=D%27Angelo&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Seiger%2C+Theresa&rft.au=Dreier%2C+Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox23.com%2Fnews%2Ftrending%2Fleast-50-feared-dead-after-tornadoes-rip-through-western-kentucky%2F3KMWOLKRWFDYZMITAUGOJFZBYU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">"Factory workers threatened with firing if they left before tornado, employees say"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213211030/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Factory+workers+threatened+with+firing+if+they+left+before+tornado%2C+employees+say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fkentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/tornadoes-kentucky-illinois-arkansas-severe-weather-67b9acfb9d83e2e7139ae9de01618a21">"Deadly tornadoes, storms strike US; roof collapse at Amazon"</a>. AP NEWS. December 11, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211124308/https://apnews.com/article/tornadoes-kentucky-illinois-arkansas-severe-weather-67b9acfb9d83e2e7139ae9de01618a21">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Deadly+tornadoes%2C+storms+strike+US%3B+roof+collapse+at+Amazon&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftornadoes-kentucky-illinois-arkansas-severe-weather-67b9acfb9d83e2e7139ae9de01618a21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-courier-journal-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-courier-journal_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-courier-journal_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrauth2021" class="citation news cs1">Krauth, Olivia (December 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2021/12/12/kentucky-tornado-death-toll-how-many-confirmed-dead/6484769001/">"Kentucky tornado death toll: 80 people have been confirmed dead after storms by officials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Courier_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Louisville Courier Journal">Louisville Courier Journal</a>. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisville+Courier+Journal&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornado+death+toll%3A+80+people+have+been+confirmed+dead+after+storms+by+officials&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft.aulast=Krauth&rft.aufirst=Olivia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courier-journal.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F12%2Fkentucky-tornado-death-toll-how-many-confirmed-dead%2F6484769001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBogard2021" class="citation news cs1">Bogard, Catlin (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newschannel5.com/news/severe-tornado-hits-mayfield-kentucky-destroying-buildings-police-say-loss-of-life-expected">"Severe tornado hits Mayfield, Kentucky, destroying buildings; Police say loss of life 'expected'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTVF" title="WTVF">WTVF</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211061845/https://www.newschannel5.com/news/severe-tornado-hits-mayfield-kentucky-destroying-buildings-police-say-loss-of-life-expected">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Severe+tornado+hits+Mayfield%2C+Kentucky%2C+destroying+buildings%3B+Police+say+loss+of+life+%27expected%27&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Bogard&rft.aufirst=Catlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newschannel5.com%2Fnews%2Fsevere-tornado-hits-mayfield-kentucky-destroying-buildings-police-say-loss-of-life-expected&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSamenowFeuersteinLivingston2021" class="citation news cs1">Samenow, Jason; Feuerstein, Jacob; Livingston, Ian (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/12/11/tornado-path-mayfield-kentucky-deaths/">"How Friday night's rare and deadly December tornado outbreak unfolded"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924164127/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/12/11/tornado-path-mayfield-kentucky-deaths/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2023. <q>As the tornado blasted through Mayfield, Ky., it sheared entire homes off their foundations and lofted debris more than 30,000 feet into the air, indicative of a twister of top-tier intensity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+Friday+night%27s+rare+and+deadly+December+tornado+outbreak+unfolded&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Samenow&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Feuerstein%2C+Jacob&rft.au=Livingston%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fweather%2F2021%2F12%2F11%2Ftornado-path-mayfield-kentucky-deaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lexhl-46"><a href="#cite_ref-lexhl_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWard2021" class="citation news cs1">Ward, Karla (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kentucky.com/news/state/kentucky/article256508126.html">"'Multiple fatalities' in Kentucky after tornado outbreak"</a>. Lexington Herald Ledger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213051641/https://www.kentucky.com/news/state/kentucky/article256508126.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald+Ledger&rft.atitle=%27Multiple+fatalities%27+in+Kentucky+after+tornado+outbreak&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Karla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentucky.com%2Fnews%2Fstate%2Fkentucky%2Farticle256508126.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foxlexington.com/video/businesses-destroyed-by-mayfield-tornado/7228854/">"Business destroyed by Mayfield tornado"</a>. foxlexington.com. Fox News. December 13, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104063746/https://foxlexington.com/video/businesses-destroyed-by-mayfield-tornado/7228854/">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=foxlexington.com&rft.atitle=Business+destroyed+by+Mayfield+tornado&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffoxlexington.com%2Fvideo%2Fbusinesses-destroyed-by-mayfield-tornado%2F7228854%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlky.com/article/kentucky-tornado-update-death-toll-storm-track-impact-dec-20/38572217#">"Kentucky tornado updates: Death toll now 76; another Mayfield candle factory worker dies"</a>. wlky.com. WLKY. December 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104063746/https://www.wlky.com/article/kentucky-tornado-update-death-toll-storm-track-impact-dec-20/38572217">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wlky.com&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornado+updates%3A+Death+toll+now+76%3B+another+Mayfield+candle+factory+worker+dies&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlky.com%2Farticle%2Fkentucky-tornado-update-death-toll-storm-track-impact-dec-20%2F38572217%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0040/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110345">"Tornado Emergency For Benton"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0040/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110345">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Benton&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0040%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0042/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110415">"Tornado Emergency For Princeton, KY"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0042/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110415">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Princeton%2C+KY&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0042%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCEI_Wind-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_Wind_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NCEI_Wind_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReaugh2022" class="citation web cs1">Reaugh, Tom (March 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/extremes/scec/reports/20220328-Kentucky-Strongest-Wind-Gust.pdf">"SCEC Report for Kentucky Maximum Wind Gust December 10, 2021"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information" title="National Centers for Environmental Information">National Centers for Environmental Information</a> & <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>. Retrieved April 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SCEC+Report+for+Kentucky+Maximum+Wind+Gust+December+10%2C+2021&rft.pub=National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information+%26+National+Weather+Service&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft.aulast=Reaugh&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fmonitoring-content%2Fextremes%2Fscec%2Freports%2F20220328-Kentucky-Strongest-Wind-Gust.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJackson2021" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Chris (December 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ChrisJacksonSC/status/1470195144452456453">"We're out here at the UK Research Center in Princeton and this is the most intense tornado damage I've ever seen in my life"</a>. twitter.com. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213005531/https://twitter.com/ChrisJacksonSC/status/1470195144452456453">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=We%27re+out+here+at+the+UK+Research+Center+in+Princeton+and+this+is+the+most+intense+tornado+damage+I%27ve+ever+seen+in+my+life&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FChrisJacksonSC%2Fstatus%2F1470195144452456453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2022" class="citation journal cs1">Marshall, Timothy (January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/90132303">"Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021"</a>. 30th Conference of Severe Local Storms. Retrieved November 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=30th+Conference+of+Severe+Local+Storms&rft.atitle=Damage+Survey+of+the+Mayfield%2C+KY+Tornado%3A+10+December+2021&rft.date=2022-01&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F90132303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0044/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110430">"Tornado Emergency For Dawson Springs and St. Charles"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0044/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110430">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Dawson+Springs+and+St.+Charles&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0044%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLavandera2021" class="citation web cs1">Lavandera, Ed (December 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/13/us/dawson-springs-kentucky-tornado-survivor/index.html">"Dawson Springs mother clutched her 2 kids in bed when the storm lifted her mattress into the air"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105093406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/13/us/dawson-springs-kentucky-tornado-survivor/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Dawson+Springs+mother+clutched+her+2+kids+in+bed+when+the+storm+lifted+her+mattress+into+the+air&rft.date=2021-12-13&rft.aulast=Lavandera&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F12%2F13%2Fus%2Fdawson-springs-kentucky-tornado-survivor%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2021" class="citation news cs1">Schneider, Mike (December 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation/photo-from-tornado-damaged-home-lands-almost-130-miles-away/">"Photo from tornado-damaged home lands almost 130 miles away"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a>. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212231831/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/nation/photo-from-tornado-damaged-home-lands-almost-130-miles-away/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Photo+from+tornado-damaged+home+lands+almost+130+miles+away&rft.date=2021-12-12&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Fnation%2Fphoto-from-tornado-damaged-home-lands-almost-130-miles-away%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/LoopsSr/status/1598707392413409283">"1.) It's completely possible that the December 10th tornado in WKY contained either a satellite tornado, or underwent a vortex merger in Dawson Springs. (Photo from @MeanMotionMedia ) shows a possible second vortex to the left"</a>. Twitter. @LoopsSr. Retrieved December 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=1.%29+It%27s+completely+possible+that+the+December+10th+tornado+in+WKY+contained+either+a+satellite+tornado%2C+or+underwent+a+vortex+merger+in+Dawson+Springs.+%28Photo+from+%40MeanMotionMedia+%29+shows+a+possible+second+vortex+to+the+left.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FLoopsSr%2Fstatus%2F1598707392413409283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConley" class="citation web cs1">Conley, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/MeanMotionMedia/status/1598734885883187218">"This is looking SSW just as the tornado was entering Dawson Springs. This is a screen grab from video on my dash camera. I bailed eastward about 15 seconds later"</a>. Twitter. @MeanMotionMedia. Retrieved December 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=This+is+looking+SSW+just+as+the+tornado+was+entering+Dawson+Springs.+This+is+a+screen+grab+from+video+on+my+dash+camera.+I+bailed+eastward+about+15+seconds+later.&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FMeanMotionMedia%2Fstatus%2F1598734885883187218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0046/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110440">"Tornado Emergency For Earlington and Afton, KY"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0046/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110440">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Earlington+and+Afton%2C+KY&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0046%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Courier1-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Courier1_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson2021" class="citation web cs1">Wilson, Mark (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2021/12/11/tornado-derails-train-earlington-ky-1-car-going-house/6475573001/">"Kentucky tornado derails a train in Hopkins County; one car lands on home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Evansville_Courier_%26_Press" title="Evansville Courier & Press">Evansville Courier & Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212004023/https://eu.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2021/12/11/tornado-derails-train-earlington-ky-1-car-going-house/6475573001/">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kentucky+tornado+derails+a+train+in+Hopkins+County%3B+one+car+lands+on+home&rft.pub=Evansville+Courier+%26+Press&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courierpress.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2021%2F12%2F11%2Ftornado-derails-train-earlington-ky-1-car-going-house%2F6475573001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/JumpWx/status/1470797320468013068">"Before and after photos from a newly constructed home in Bremen. The concrete foundation was scoured away. Photos by Jeff Stevens on facebook"</a>. twitter.com. Twitter. December 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023216/https://twitter.com/JumpWx/status/1470797320468013068">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=Before+and+after+photos+from+a+newly+constructed+home+in+Bremen.+The+concrete+foundation+was+scoured+away.+Photos+by+Jeff+Stevens+on+facebook&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FJumpWx%2Fstatus%2F1470797320468013068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2021" class="citation web cs1">Brewer, Simon (December 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SimonStormRider/status/1473016641005002759">"Tragic tornado damage to neighborhood on NW side of Bremen, KY"</a>. twitter.com. Twitter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106023219/https://twitter.com/SimonStormRider/status/1473016641005002759">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 5, 2022. <q>new/thick driveway buckled</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=twitter.com&rft.atitle=Tragic+tornado+damage+to+neighborhood+on+NW+side+of+Bremen%2C+KY&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FSimonStormRider%2Fstatus%2F1473016641005002759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0048/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110455">"Tornado Emergency For Bremen, KY"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Forecast Office in Paducah, Kentucky. December 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200901234400/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0048/USCOMP-N0Q-202112110455">Archived</a> from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.atitle=Tornado+Emergency+For+Bremen%2C+KY&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fvtec%2F%232021-O-NEW-KPAH-TO-W-0048%2FUSCOMP-N0Q-202112110455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWLKY_Digital_Team2021" class="citation news cs1">WLKY Digital Team (December 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wlky.com/article/kentucky-district-judge-confirmed-dead-in-tornado-outbreak/38491906#">"Kentucky district judge confirmed dead in tornado outbreak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WLKY" title="WLKY">WLKY</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212034658/https://www.wlky.com/article/kentucky-district-judge-confirmed-dead-in-tornado-outbreak/38491906">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kentucky+district+judge+confirmed+dead+in+tornado+outbreak&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.au=WLKY+Digital+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wlky.com%2Farticle%2Fkentucky-district-judge-confirmed-dead-in-tornado-outbreak%2F38491906%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LMKOhio-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LMKOhio_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LMKOhio_65-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LMKOhio_65-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSLMK&e=202112152215">"NWS Damage Survey for 12/10/2021 Tornado Event – Ohio/Breckinridge/Grayson County Kentucky Tornado"</a>. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Louisville, Kentucky. December 15, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215223619/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSLMK&e=202112152215">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NWS+Damage+Survey+for+12%2F10%2F2021+Tornado+Event+%E2%80%93+Ohio%2FBreckinridge%2FGrayson+County+Kentucky+Tornado&rft.pub=Iowa+Environmental+Mesonet&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmesonet.agron.iastate.edu%2Fwx%2Fafos%2Fp.php%3Fpil%3DPNSLMK%26e%3D202112152215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_P._Marshall_(Haag_Engineering_Company)Zachary_B._Wienhoff_(Haag_Engineering_Company)Brian_E._Smith_(NOAA/NWS)Christine_L._Wielgos_(NOAA/NWS)2023" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_P._Marshall" title="Timothy P. Marshall">Timothy P. Marshall</a> (Haag Engineering Company); Zachary B. Wienhoff (Haag Engineering Company); Brian E. Smith (NOAA/NWS); Christine L. Wielgos (NOAA/NWS) (January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/90132303">"Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021"</a>. Academia.edu: 1–13. Retrieved January 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=Damage+Survey+of+the+Mayfield%2C+KY+Tornado%3A+10+December+2021&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2023-01&rft.au=Timothy+P.+Marshall+%28Haag+Engineering+Company%29&rft.au=Zachary+B.+Wienhoff+%28Haag+Engineering+Company%29&rft.au=Brian+E.+Smith+%28NOAA%2FNWS%29&rft.au=Christine+L.+Wielgos+%28NOAA%2FNWS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F90132303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPCReview-67"><a href="#cite_ref-SPCReview_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/media/year-in-review/?fbclid=IwAR3qqArRy6wMPgmU8jfuWjJumAs0U3I-2q-9VQcEAmOHE6mEkB6lQZc2soE">"2021 Severe Weather: Year-In-Review"</a>. 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Retrieved January 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Storm+Prediction+Center&rft.atitle=2021+Severe+Weather%3A+Year-In-Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spc.noaa.gov%2Fmedia%2Fyear-in-review%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3qqArRy6wMPgmU8jfuWjJumAs0U3I-2q-9VQcEAmOHE6mEkB6lQZc2soE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashPost-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLivingston2023" class="citation news cs1">Livingston, Ian (May 22, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/05/22/tornado-drought-record-moore-ef5/">"There's a record drought in the scariest tornadoes. Still be scared"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231205040739/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/05/22/tornado-drought-record-moore-ef5/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023. <q>Marshall was on one of three teams to survey the Mayfield EF4 and it was "the closest to EF5 that I can remember" since the Moore EF5 of 2013, he said. But as the surveying teams could not find EF5 damage consistent with winds of at least 200 mph, the tornado was ultimately ranked just shy of that mark, with 190 mph winds. Some buildings where the storm's most violent winds struck were completely obliterated, but they were so poorly constructed it was impossible to know if EF5 winds affected them. "They were horribly constructed and could not resist 100 or even 150 mph wind let alone 200 mph," Marshall said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=There%27s+a+record+drought+in+the+scariest+tornadoes.+Still+be+scared.&rft.date=2023-05-22&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fweather%2F2023%2F05%2F22%2Ftornado-drought-record-moore-ef5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLyzaBrooksKrocak2025" class="citation journal cs1">Lyza, Anthony W.; Brooks, Harold E.; Krocak, Makenzie J. 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Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Louisville+Courier+Journal&rft.atitle=In+tornado-mangled+Mayfield%2C+a+lone+reporter+tells+the+stories+of+the+town+she+grew+up+in&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft.aulast=Duvall&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courier-journal.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2022%2F03%2F25%2Fmayfield-ky-reporter-single-handedly-covers-tornado-ravaged-town%2F6790155001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20220214/two-months-later-recovery-tornadoes-well-underway">"Two Months Later, Recovery from Tornadoes Well Underway"</a>. FEMA.gov. February 14, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127053207/https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20220214/two-months-later-recovery-tornadoes-well-underway">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FEMA.gov&rft.atitle=Two+Months+Later%2C+Recovery+from+Tornadoes+Well+Underway&rft.date=2022-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fema.gov%2Fpress-release%2F20220214%2Ftwo-months-later-recovery-tornadoes-well-underway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/6-month-milestone-glance">"6-Month Milestone-At a Glance"</a>. FEMA.gov. June 7, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129052300/https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/6-month-milestone-glance">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FEMA.gov&rft.atitle=6-Month+Milestone-At+a+Glance&rft.date=2022-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fema.gov%2Ffact-sheet%2F6-month-milestone-glance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis2022" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Chris (March 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newschannel5.com/news/nonprofit-removes-1-2-million-pounds-of-debris-from-kentucky-lake-after-tornadoes">"Nonprofit removes 1.2 million pounds of debris from Kentucky Lake after tornadoes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTVF" title="WTVF">WTVF</a>. <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company" title="E. W. Scripps Company">E. W. Scripps Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516120203/https://www.newschannel5.com/news/nonprofit-removes-1-2-million-pounds-of-debris-from-kentucky-lake-after-tornadoes">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTVF&rft.atitle=Nonprofit+removes+1.2+million+pounds+of+debris+from+Kentucky+Lake+after+tornadoes&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newschannel5.com%2Fnews%2Fnonprofit-removes-1-2-million-pounds-of-debris-from-kentucky-lake-after-tornadoes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrantley2022" class="citation news cs1">Brantley, Holly (January 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/living-lands-and-waters-aids-in-clearing-hundreds-of-thousands-of-pounds-of-tornado-debris/article_a018b054-7647-11ec-bc11-5b69024f1126.html">"Living Lands and Waters aids in clearing hundreds of thousands of pounds of tornado debris from Kentucky Lake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WPSD-TV" title="WPSD-TV">WPSD-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523083114/https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/living-lands-and-waters-aids-in-clearing-hundreds-of-thousands-of-pounds-of-tornado-debris/article_a018b054-7647-11ec-bc11-5b69024f1126.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WPSD-TV&rft.atitle=Living+Lands+and+Waters+aids+in+clearing+hundreds+of+thousands+of+pounds+of+tornado+debris+from+Kentucky+Lake&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft.aulast=Brantley&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpsdlocal6.com%2Fnews%2Fliving-lands-and-waters-aids-in-clearing-hundreds-of-thousands-of-pounds-of-tornado-debris%2Farticle_a018b054-7647-11ec-bc11-5b69024f1126.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2022" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Kalea (May 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/living-lands-and-waters-dives-for-tornado-debris/article_9bda352c-d30c-11ec-8a31-4beb34e3b43d.html">"Living Lands and Waters dives for tornado debris"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WPSD-TV" title="WPSD-TV">WPSD-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617014925/https://www.wpsdlocal6.com/news/living-lands-and-waters-dives-for-tornado-debris/article_9bda352c-d30c-11ec-8a31-4beb34e3b43d.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WPSD-TV&rft.atitle=Living+Lands+and+Waters+dives+for+tornado+debris&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Kalea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpsdlocal6.com%2Fnews%2Fliving-lands-and-waters-dives-for-tornado-debris%2Farticle_9bda352c-d30c-11ec-8a31-4beb34e3b43d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20221212/one-year-later-tornado-recovery-continues-make-progress">"One Year Later, Tornado Recovery Continues to Make Progress"</a>. FEMA.gov. December 12, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224000923/https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20221212/one-year-later-tornado-recovery-continues-make-progress">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FEMA.gov&rft.atitle=One+Year+Later%2C+Tornado+Recovery+Continues+to+Make+Progress&rft.date=2022-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fema.gov%2Fpress-release%2F20221212%2Fone-year-later-tornado-recovery-continues-make-progress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRuch2022" class="citation news cs1">Ruch, Amber (August 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kfvs12.com/2022/08/08/more-than-4500-attend-mayfield-tornado-relief-concert/">"More than 4,500 attend Mayfield tornado relief concert"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KFVS" class="mw-redirect" title="KFVS">KFVS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220929090141/https://www.kfvs12.com/2022/08/08/more-than-4500-attend-mayfield-tornado-relief-concert/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KFVS&rft.atitle=More+than+4%2C500+attend+Mayfield+tornado+relief+concert&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft.aulast=Ruch&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kfvs12.com%2F2022%2F08%2F08%2Fmore-than-4500-attend-mayfield-tornado-relief-concert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wkms.org/government-politics/2024-06-27/mayfield-receives-31-5-million-for-downtown-revitalization-efforts-following-2021-tornado-outbreak">"Mayfield receives $31.5 million for downtown revitalization efforts following 2021 tornado outbreak"</a>. June 27, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayfield+receives+%2431.5+million+for+downtown+revitalization+efforts+following+2021+tornado+outbreak&rft.date=2024-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wkms.org%2Fgovernment-politics%2F2024-06-27%2Fmayfield-receives-31-5-million-for-downtown-revitalization-efforts-following-2021-tornado-outbreak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamb2022" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Zacharie (December 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wkms.org/business-economy/2022-12-13/mayfield-city-council-rezones-parts-of-historic-downtown-to-aid-in-tornado-recovery">"Mayfield City Council rezones parts of historic downtown to aid in tornado recovery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WKMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WKMS">WKMS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230202163912/https://www.wkms.org/business-economy/2022-12-13/mayfield-city-council-rezones-parts-of-historic-downtown-to-aid-in-tornado-recovery">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WKMS&rft.atitle=Mayfield+City+Council+rezones+parts+of+historic+downtown+to+aid+in+tornado+recovery&rft.date=2022-12-13&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Zacharie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wkms.org%2Fbusiness-economy%2F2022-12-13%2Fmayfield-city-council-rezones-parts-of-historic-downtown-to-aid-in-tornado-recovery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westkentuckystar.com/News/Local-Regional/Temporary-tornado-memorial-placed-in-Mayfield-cour">"Temporary tornado memorial placed in Mayfield court square"</a>. West Kentucky Star. December 4, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temporary+tornado+memorial+placed+in+Mayfield+court+square&rft.pub=West+Kentucky+Star&rft.date=2022-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwestkentuckystar.com%2FNews%2FLocal-Regional%2FTemporary-tornado-memorial-placed-in-Mayfield-cour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmery2023" class="citation news cs1">Emery, Holly (February 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtok.com/2023/02/28/mayor-mayfield-ky-tours-louisville-ms-tornado-recovery-efforts/">"Mayor of Mayfield, KY tours Louisville, MS for tornado recovery efforts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOK-TV" title="WTOK-TV">WTOK-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307185748/https://www.wtok.com/2023/02/28/mayor-mayfield-ky-tours-louisville-ms-tornado-recovery-efforts/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOK-TV&rft.atitle=Mayor+of+Mayfield%2C+KY+tours+Louisville%2C+MS+for+tornado+recovery+efforts&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtok.com%2F2023%2F02%2F28%2Fmayor-mayfield-ky-tours-louisville-ms-tornado-recovery-efforts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">"Factory workers threatened with firing if they left before tornado, employees say"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213233856/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/kentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Factory+workers+threatened+with+firing+if+they+left+before+tornado%2C+employees+say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fkentucky-tornado-factory-workers-threatened-firing-left-tornado-employ-rcna8581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/14/kentucky-tornado-candle-factory-workers-managers-refused-leave">"Kentucky candle factory bosses threatened to fire those who fled tornado, say workers"</a>. The Guardian. December 14, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214170143/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/14/kentucky-tornado-candle-factory-workers-managers-refused-leave">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kentucky+candle+factory+bosses+threatened+to+fire+those+who+fled+tornado%2C+say+workers&rft.date=2021-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fdec%2F14%2Fkentucky-tornado-candle-factory-workers-managers-refused-leave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDodds2021" class="citation news cs1">Dodds, Io (December 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/tornado-candle-factory-workers-fired-b1975454.html">"Kentucky tornado: Candle factory workers threatened with being fired if they fled approaching storm, report says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220013311/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/tornado-candle-factory-workers-fired-b1975454.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021. Retrieved December 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornado%3A+Candle+factory+workers+threatened+with+being+fired+if+they+fled+approaching+storm%2C+report+says&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft.aulast=Dodds&rft.aufirst=Io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fclimate-change%2Fnews%2Ftornado-candle-factory-workers-fired-b1975454.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorman2021" class="citation web cs1">Norman, Greg (December 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/kentucky-tornado-mayfield-candle-factory-lawsuit-deaths">"Kentucky tornado aftermath: Candle factory workers file lawsuit as state death toll rises to 76"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217165128/https://www.foxnews.com/us/kentucky-tornado-mayfield-candle-factory-lawsuit-deaths">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Kentucky+tornado+aftermath%3A+Candle+factory+workers+file+lawsuit+as+state+death+toll+rises+to+76&rft.date=2021-12-17&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fkentucky-tornado-mayfield-candle-factory-lawsuit-deaths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiemaszko2022" class="citation news cs1">Siemaszko, Corky (January 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mayfield-candle-factory-destroyed-deadly-kentucky-tornado-closing-rcna12469">"Kentucky candle factory destroyed by deadly tornado is closing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725222837/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mayfield-candle-factory-destroyed-deadly-kentucky-tornado-closing-rcna12469">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Kentucky+candle+factory+destroyed+by+deadly+tornado+is+closing&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft.aulast=Siemaszko&rft.aufirst=Corky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fmayfield-candle-factory-destroyed-deadly-kentucky-tornado-closing-rcna12469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2022" class="citation news cs1">Hughes, Chris (December 8, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2022/12/08/mayfield-candlemaker-lawsuit">"Workers file second lawsuit against Mayfield candle factory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spectrum_News_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrum News 1">Spectrum News 1</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spectrum+News+1&rft.atitle=Workers+file+second+lawsuit+against+Mayfield+candle+factory&rft.date=2022-12-08&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspectrumnews1.com%2Fky%2Flouisville%2Fnews%2F2022%2F12%2F08%2Fmayfield-candlemaker-lawsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2021+Western+Kentucky+tornado" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2021_Western_Kentucky_tornado&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMQ0k5uXMn0">Documentary titled "The Deadliest Tornado Outbreak in 10 Years: December 10th, 2021 - A Retrospective" which includes NWS and SPC interviews</a> on <a 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24–28, 2021">March 24–28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2021#April_9–11_(United_States)" title="Tornadoes of 2021">April 9–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_May_2%E2%80%934,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of May 2–4, 2021">May 2–4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornadoes_of_2021#May_26–28_(United_States)" title="Tornadoes of 2021">May 26–28</a></li> <li>June 20 (<a href="/wiki/2021_Naperville%E2%80%93Woodridge_tornado" title="2021 Naperville–Woodridge tornado">Naperville–Woodridge, IL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_South_Moravia_tornado#Other_tornadoes" title="2021 South Moravia tornado">June 24 (Europe)</a> (<a href="/wiki/2021_South_Moravia_tornado" title="2021 South Moravia tornado">South Moravia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_July_28%E2%80%9329,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of July 28–29, 2021">July 28–29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida_tornado_outbreak" title="Hurricane Ida tornado outbreak">August 29–September 2 (Hurricane Ida)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" title="Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">December 10–11</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_tornadoes_in_the_tornado_outbreak_of_December_10%E2%80%9311,_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021">List</a> · <a href="/wiki/2021_Tri-State_tornado" title="2021 Tri-State tornado">Tri-State</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western Kentucky</a> · <a href="/wiki/2021_Bowling_Green_tornadoes" title="2021 Bowling Green tornadoes">Bowling Green, KY</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2021_Midwest_derecho_and_tornado_outbreak" title="December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak">December 15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output 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