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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="XEFcrsq71bTAC3rkVn3bqQf9p18rbH_0p_YGIY5IcN5LBej3hGdzTwosNoUwWuHJXgrTp12XiO_2QeC2YlZG6w" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="30th Conference on Severe Local Storms" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tim Marshall" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/90132303/Damage_Survey_of_the_Mayfield_KY_Tornado_10_December_2021" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="On December 10, 2021, a tornado outbreak occurred in the southern U.S. with more than 70 tornadoes reported. The worst hit areas were northeast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will concentrate on the" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/101378508/22174358/21405234/s200_tim.marshall.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/90132303/Damage_Survey_of_the_Mayfield_KY_Tornado_10_December_2021" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="On December 10, 2021, a tornado outbreak occurred in the southern U.S. with more than 70 tornadoes reported. The worst hit areas were northeast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will concentrate on the" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall15" /> <meta name="description" content="On December 10, 2021, a tornado outbreak occurred in the southern U.S. with more than 70 tornadoes reported. The worst hit areas were northeast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will concentrate on the" /> <title>(PDF) Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/90132303/Damage_Survey_of_the_Mayfield_KY_Tornado_10_December_2021" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9744e839ffe2d813ef8b7eb988ae0a3341a6052d'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1743322140000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1743322140000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"On December 10, 2021, a tornado outbreak occurred in the southern U.S. with more than 70 tornadoes reported. The worst hit areas were northeast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will concentrate on the damage in western Kentucky, particularly the towns of Mayfield and Dawson Springs where the most severe damage occurred. A detailed damage survey was conducted in the days following this event and the National Weather Service rated this tornado EF 4 on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale. Various degrees of damage (DoD) were assigned to different damage indicators (DIs) in accordance with the 2006 EF-scale (WERC, 2006).","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tim Marshall","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall15","image":"https://0.academia-photos.com/101378508/22174358/21405234/s200_tim.marshall.jpg","sameAs":[]}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-11-06","datePublished":"2022-01-01","headline":"Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/93778843/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Tornadoes"],"publication":"30th Conference on Severe Local 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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":90132303,"created_at":"2022-11-06T13:59:20.401-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2025-03-01T23:53:01.757-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"On December 10, 2021, a tornado outbreak\noccurred in the southern U.S. with more than 70\ntornadoes reported. The worst hit areas were\nnortheast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western\nKentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will\nconcentrate on the damage in western Kentucky,\nparticularly the towns of Mayfield and Dawson\nSprings where the most severe damage occurred.\nA detailed damage survey was conducted in the\ndays following this event and the National\nWeather Service rated this tornado EF 4 on the\nEnhanced Fujita (EF) Scale. Various degrees of\ndamage (DoD) were assigned to different damage\nindicators (DIs) in accordance with the 2006 EF-scale\n(WERC, 2006).","publication_date":"2022,,","publication_name":"30th Conference on Severe Local Storms"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021","broadcastable":false,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true,"seo_quality":null}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [101378508]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "safe_v1"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.showExperimentalOverhaulLoginForm = false window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":93778843,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/93778843/mini_magick20221106-1-10069j4.png?1667772063" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-lg">Damage Survey of the Mayfield, KY Tornado: 10 December 2021</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101378508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall15"><img alt="Profile image of Tim Marshall" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/101378508/22174358/21405234/s65_tim.marshall.jpg" />Tim Marshall</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, 30th Conference on Severe Local Storms</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">13 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 90132303; 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The worst hit areas were northeast Arkansas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and southern Illinois. This paper will concentrate on the damage in western Kentucky, particularly the towns of Mayfield and Dawson Springs where the most severe damage occurred. A detailed damage survey was conducted in the days following this event and the National Weather Service rated this tornado EF 4 on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale. Various degrees of damage (DoD) were assigned to different damage indicators (DIs) in accordance with the 2006 EF-scale (WERC, 2006).</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><style type="text/css">.ds-loswp-section--container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%}@media(min-width: 1280px){.ds-loswp-section--container{padding-right:40px}}</style><div class="ds2-5-content-section"><div class="ds2-5-content-section__heading"><h2 class="ds2-5-content-section__heading__text">Related papers</h2></div><div class="ds2-5-content-section__main"><div class="ds2-5-content-section__main__content"><div class="ds-loswp-section--container"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="90131831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90131831/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jonesboro_AR_Tornado_28_March_2020">Damage Survey of the Jonesboro, AR Tornado: 28 March 2020</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101378508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall15">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">30th Conference on Severe Local Storms, 2022</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On March 28, 2020, a tornado developed in southeast Jonesboro and traveled northeast through the city damaging about 300 buildings. There were 22 injuries but fortunately, no fatalities, which is remarkable given that the tornado traveled through a densely populated area on Saturday afternoon. The next day, the authors surveyed the damage assigning degrees of damage (DoD) to multiple damage indicators (DIs) in accordance with the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale (WSEC, 2006). The EF-Scale was written in 2006 and adopted by the National Weather Service (NWS) in 2007. In this event, NWS personnel plotted the damage locations on the damage assessment toolkit (DAT) and assigned a maximum damage rating of EF 3 to this tornado.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage Survey of the Jonesboro, AR Tornado: 28 March 2020","attachmentId":93778586,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90131831/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jonesboro_AR_Tornado_28_March_2020","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90131831/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jonesboro_AR_Tornado_28_March_2020"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="91310040" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91310040/Damage_Survey_of_the_Nashville_TN_Tornado_3_March_2020">Damage Survey of the Nashville, TN Tornado: 3 March 2020</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101378508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall15">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">30th Conference on Severe Local Storms, 2022</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On the evening of March 2-3, 2020, a supercell storm produced 10 tornadoes in-a-row from near Bradford to Lancing, Tennessee. The longest tornado track was the fourth in the series and traveled 102 km (63.13 mi) through the cities of Nashville, Donelson, Hermitage, Mount Juliet, and Lebanon, paralleling Interstate 40. The tornado caused 5 deaths and about 220 injuries. This paper summarizes the findings from our damage survey, herein called the Nashville tornado. The authors spent several days traveling the damage path and documented the degree of damage (DoD) to specific damage indicators (DIs) using the EF damage scale (WERC, 2006). The EF-scale was adopted by the National Weather Service (NWS) in 2007.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage Survey of the Nashville, TN Tornado: 3 March 2020","attachmentId":94632883,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91310040/Damage_Survey_of_the_Nashville_TN_Tornado_3_March_2020","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91310040/Damage_Survey_of_the_Nashville_TN_Tornado_3_March_2020"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="34321100" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321100/20_May_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado_Damage_Survey_and_Analysis">20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado: Damage Survey and Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32642458" href="https://ou.academia.edu/DonaldBurgess">Donald W Burgess</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on 20 May 2013 was an extreme event. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. Extensive ground surveys were performed. The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The survey team defined a ''well built'' house that qualified for an EF5 rating. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EF0 ratings. Excluding EF0 damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. Also discussed is the use of non-DI objects that are damaged and ways in which to improve future surveys.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado: Damage Survey and Analysis","attachmentId":54219975,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34321100/20_May_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado_Damage_Survey_and_Analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321100/20_May_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado_Damage_Survey_and_Analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="37229788" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37229788/Damage_survey_of_the_Greensburg_KS_tornado">Damage survey of the Greensburg, KS tornado</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On May 4, 2007, a wide and extremely violent tornado struck Greensburg, KS destroying over 90 percent of the town. Eleven people died. Within days after the event, the author conducted detailed aerial and ground damage surveys assigning EF-scale values to each house. This paper summarizes the findings from the damage survey.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage survey of the Greensburg, KS tornado","attachmentId":57181234,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37229788/Damage_survey_of_the_Greensburg_KS_tornado","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37229788/Damage_survey_of_the_Greensburg_KS_tornado"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="128347080" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/128347080/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jacksboro_TX_Tornado_21_March_2022">Damage Survey of the Jacksboro, TX Tornado: 21 March 2022</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">31st Conference on Severe Local Storms, 2025</p><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On 21 March 2022, multiple supercells produced 17 tornadoes in North Texas. The strongest tornado was an EF-3 which occurred in Jack County and struck the City of Jacksboro. The tornado traveled 55.6 km (34.5 miles) and damaged or destroyed dozens of wood-framed residences, an elementary school, and high school. Large span gymnasiums at both schools sustained severe damage. This paper will summarize observations from our damage survey including a discussion of the Enhanced Fujita Scale.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage Survey of the Jacksboro, TX Tornado: 21 March 2022","attachmentId":121944433,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/128347080/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jacksboro_TX_Tornado_21_March_2022","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/128347080/Damage_Survey_of_the_Jacksboro_TX_Tornado_21_March_2022"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="34321304" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321304/Damage_Survey_and_Analysis_of_the_20_May_2013_Newcastle_Moore_EF_5_Tornado">Damage Survey and Analysis of the 20 May 2013 Newcastle-Moore EF-5 Tornado</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32642458" href="https://ou.academia.edu/DonaldBurgess">Donald W Burgess</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">The 20 May 2013 tornado affected the cities of Newcastle, Moore, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The official path length for the tornado, as recorded in Storm Data, was 22.28 km (13.85 mi) and was up to 1,737 m (1,900 yards) wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured 212 others, and damaged over 4,000 structures, with over 1,000 structures having damage exceeding EF2 intensity. A team of surveyors from the National Weather Center (NWC; University of Oklahoma, CIMMS, National Severe Storms Laboratory, the Norman National Weather Service Forecast Office and the Warning Decision Training Branch) and twoprivate organizations (Haag Engineering and Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety) began surveying tornado damage on 21 May 2013 and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. In this paper we describe the effort to organize the ground survey teams immediately following the event, provide an overview of the tornado evolution, and review specific aspects of the damage survey (in particular, assigning EF5 ratings to residential structures). We will present comparisons of the tornado path and damage to data from several nearby radar facilities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage Survey and Analysis of the 20 May 2013 Newcastle-Moore EF-5 Tornado","attachmentId":54220145,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34321304/Damage_Survey_and_Analysis_of_the_20_May_2013_Newcastle_Moore_EF_5_Tornado","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321304/Damage_Survey_and_Analysis_of_the_20_May_2013_Newcastle_Moore_EF_5_Tornado"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="25105205" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25105205/Damage_Survey_of_the_Joplin_Tornado_22_May_2011">Damage Survey of the Joplin Tornado: 22 May 2011</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On 22 May 2011, a large and destructive tornado traveled through southern portions of Joplin, MO, a city of approximately 50,000 people. According to the Storm Data, the tornado killed 158 people and injured more than 1000. Total property damage exceeded two billion dollars. This paper summarizes the results of our damage survey. The EF-scale was utilized on several building types.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage Survey of the Joplin Tornado: 22 May 2011","attachmentId":45425261,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25105205/Damage_Survey_of_the_Joplin_Tornado_22_May_2011","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25105205/Damage_Survey_of_the_Joplin_Tornado_22_May_2011"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="37230167" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37230167/DAMAGE_SURVEY_OF_THE_MOORE_OKLAHOMA_TORNADO">DAMAGE SURVEY OF THE MOORE, OKLAHOMA TORNADO</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">On May 3, 1999, a violent tornado traveled through the southern and eastern suburbs of Oklahoma City. The next morning, the author was asked to lead one of three damage survey teams sponsored by the Institute for Disaster Research at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The teams were given five tasks: 1) to map out the damage path and assign F-scale ratings to the damaged residences, 2) to document the performance of housing, 3) to interview witnesses, 4) to document projectiles, and 5) to determine if there were any above or below ground shelters within the damage path and to assess their performance. Both aerial and ground surveys were conducted.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DAMAGE SURVEY OF THE MOORE, OKLAHOMA TORNADO","attachmentId":57181634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37230167/DAMAGE_SURVEY_OF_THE_MOORE_OKLAHOMA_TORNADO","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37230167/DAMAGE_SURVEY_OF_THE_MOORE_OKLAHOMA_TORNADO"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="34321619" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321619/Damage_survey_of_the_North_Texas_Tornadoes_26_December_2015">Damage survey of the North Texas Tornadoes: 26 December 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">A tornado outbreak occurred during the evening of 26 December 2015 across portions of North Texas. In all, there were 12 confirmed tornadoes in 8 counties. Unfortunately, 13 people lost their lives and there were numerous injuries as two of the strongest tornadoes struck Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) suburbs. Most fatalities occurred in vehicles near the Interstate 30/George Bush Turnpike interchange in Garland, Texas (Fig. 1). Damage survey teams were dispatched the next day by the Fort Worth National Weather Service (FWD) to determine characteristics of the tornado paths. The survey team utilized the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale to rate damage severity developed by the Wind Science and Engineering Research Center (WSERC, 2006). This scale lists increasing degrees of damage (DoDs) to 28 damage indicators (DIs). DIs involved various building types as well as other items. The EF scale was adopted by the National Weather Service (NWS) in 2007. Not surprisingly, we found that tornadoes exploited construction deficiencies in building connections, sometimes causing more severe building damage. Therefore, we adjusted EF ratings downward where there was poor construction. The damage survey team found two major tornado tracks near Dallas, Texas. One tornado traveled from Midlothian to Ovilla to Glenn Heights and will be referred to herein as the MOG tornado. This tornado traveled 14 km, was up to 110 m wide, with maximum damage intensity of EF3. The other major tornado, produced by a second supercell, traveled from Sunnyvale to Garland to Rowlett and will be referred to herein as the SGR tornado. This tornado traveled about 21 km, was up to 500 m wide, with maximum damage intensity of EF4.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Damage survey of the North Texas Tornadoes: 26 December 2015","attachmentId":54220277,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34321619/Damage_survey_of_the_North_Texas_Tornadoes_26_December_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34321619/Damage_survey_of_the_North_Texas_Tornadoes_26_December_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4975512" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4975512/February_2008_Super_Tuesday_Tornado_Outbreak_Damage_Assessment">February 2008 Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak Damage Assessment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2277932" href="https://bham.academia.edu/AnneleyMcMillan">Anneley McMillan</a></div><p class="ds2-5-body-sm ds-related-work--abstract ">The Super Tuesday tornado outbreak began the afternoon of February 5, 2008 and continued until early morning the next day, leaving widespread damage in many states, including Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and Kentucky. This outbreak, with 62 confirmed fatalities, is considered the deadliest since the May 31, 1985 tornado outbreak that affected Southern Ontario, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and upstate New York.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"February 2008 Super Tuesday Tornado Outbreak Damage Assessment","attachmentId":49505176,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4975512/February_2008_Super_Tuesday_Tornado_Outbreak_Damage_Assessment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4975512/February_2008_Super_Tuesday_Tornado_Outbreak_Damage_Assessment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":93778843,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":93778843,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_93778843" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="25105036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25105036/Ground_based_damage_survey_and_radar_analysis_of_the_El_Reno_Oklahoma_Tornado">Ground-based damage survey and radar analysis of the El Reno, Oklahoma Tornado</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="47642230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47642230/Tornado_Damage_Assessment_in_the_aftermath_of_the_May_20th_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado">Tornado Damage Assessment in the aftermath of the May 20th 2013 Moore Oklahoma Tornado</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56697472" href="https://florida.academia.edu/DavidPrevatt">David Prevatt</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tornado Damage Assessment in the aftermath of the May 20th 2013 Moore Oklahoma Tornado","attachmentId":66692134,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47642230/Tornado_Damage_Assessment_in_the_aftermath_of_the_May_20th_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47642230/Tornado_Damage_Assessment_in_the_aftermath_of_the_May_20th_2013_Moore_Oklahoma_Tornado"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="25105784" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25105784/Tornado_damage_survey_at_Moore_Oklahoma">Tornado damage survey at Moore, Oklahoma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32698658" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimMarshall6">Tim Marshall</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tornado damage survey at Moore, Oklahoma","attachmentId":45425650,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25105784/Tornado_damage_survey_at_Moore_Oklahoma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="64906374" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64906374/Formerly_P10_1_Possible_impacts_of_the_Enhanced_Fujita_Scale_on_United_States_tornado_data">Formerly P10.1) Possible impacts of the Enhanced Fujita Scale on United States tornado data</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35141134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerEdwards6">Roger Edwards</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Formerly P10.1) Possible impacts of the Enhanced Fujita Scale on United States tornado 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