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data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-7da09123-bc4c-4eab-a46f-0bc37271711b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-7da09123-bc4c-4eab-a46f-0bc37271711b"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Daniel Shapiro</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105974959"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105974959/COVID_19_and_the_Dynamics_of_Distance_in_International_Business"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105295295/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105974959/COVID_19_and_the_Dynamics_of_Distance_in_International_Business">COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AIB Insights</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textb...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textbooks treat distance as static or slowly changing. We argue that distance is inherently a dynamic construct, as highlighted by the impact of COVID-19 on international business activities. Using the popular CAGE framework as a baseline, we illustrate the implications of distance being dynamic by introducing likely effects of COVID-19 on distance, and by discussing in depth barriers to the movement of people as an important aspect of distance. We conclude with implications for the application of distance in corporate decision making and international business teaching.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bcb4ac4c725f3bbc26d8fcba0317be94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105295295,"asset_id":105974959,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105295295/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105974959"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105974959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105974959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105974959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105974959]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105974959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105974959']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105974959, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bcb4ac4c725f3bbc26d8fcba0317be94" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105974959]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105974959,"title":"COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98226264"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98226264/State_capitalism_economic_systems_and_the_performance_of_state_owned_firms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99635808/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98226264/State_capitalism_economic_systems_and_the_performance_of_state_owned_firms">State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Oeconomica</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. First, we enquire whether state owned en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. First, we enquire whether state owned enterprises (SOEs) perform better than privately owned firms in a large variety of emerging markets. To test this, we develop a unique dataset using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), resulting in a sample of over 50,000 firms from 57 understudied countries including emerging capitalist, former socialist and state capitalist ones. Our results suggest that SOEs do display productivity advantages over private firms in these understudied economies. Our second research question asks whether the performance of state owned firms in these understudied countries is context specific, namely whether performance depends on the institutional system into which a country is classified. We refer to these systems as configurations. In particular, we are interested in whether state owned firms perform better in “state capitalist” countries including China and Vietnam. We find emp...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffaaee3c20e2c017c86aa6958bb67915" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99635808,"asset_id":98226264,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99635808/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98226264"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98226264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98226264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98226264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98226264]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98226264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98226264']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98226264, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ffaaee3c20e2c017c86aa6958bb67915" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98226264]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98226264,"title":"State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/87952129/Marketing_meets_Web_2_0_social_media_and_creative_consumers_Implications_for_international_marketing_strategy">Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Business Horizons</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bd92cda1b3168b06b6a4b924c976edc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92036224,"asset_id":87952129,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92036224/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The determinants of new plant entry in canada" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada">The determinants of new plant entry in canada</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Applied Economics</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. &quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out Domesti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. &quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,&quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... &quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86329775"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86329775"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86329775; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86329775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86329775]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86329775; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86329775']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86329775, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86329775]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86329775,"title":"The determinants of new plant entry in canada","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. \u0026quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,\u0026quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... \u0026quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1986,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Applied Economics"},"translated_abstract":"... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. \u0026quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,\u0026quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... \u0026quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-08T06:18:04.717-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":3079413,"name":"Finance and Investment Banking Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_Investment_Banking_Area"}],"urls":[{"id":23696059,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00036848600000077"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926979"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Farm Size and Growth in Canada" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada">Farm Size and Growth in Canada</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Agricultural Economics</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada ove...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. The analysis is undertaken by testing Gibrat&#39;s &quot;Law of Proportionate Effect.&quot; Gibrat offered the hypothesis that the percentage growth rates of firms are independent of their initial size. Thus, growth is a purely stochastic process that arises from the cumulative effect of the random operation of a multitude of forces acting independently of each other. An important outcome of models based on Gibrat&#39;s law is that the stochastic process results in a size distribution of firms which is skewed and not unlike the size distribution actually observed. In particular, it is well known that, depending on the precise formulation, the operation of Gibrat&#39;s law leads to a skewed size distribution which is either log normal (Prais) or pareto (Steindl, Ijiri and Simon). Although it is difficult to determine the exact form of observed size distributions, it is generally agreed that either of the above provides a reasonable approximation to reality, depending on the industry or sector being observed. By contrast, a deterministic model of firm growth based strictly on standard cost theory &quot;either predicts the facts incorrectly or it makes no prediction at all&quot; (Ijiri and Simon, p. 10). Although there are models combining cost theory with assumptions about the adjustment process which result in skewed size distributions (e.g., Lucas), the testing of Gibrat&#39;s law remains as an important point of departure for the analysis of firm growth. An additional feature of models based on</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926979"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926979"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926979; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926979]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926979]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926979; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78926979']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78926979, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78926979]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78926979,"title":"Farm Size and Growth in Canada","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. 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Although it is difficult to determine the exact form of observed size distributions, it is generally agreed that either of the above provides a reasonable approximation to reality, depending on the industry or sector being observed. By contrast, a deterministic model of firm growth based strictly on standard cost theory \u0026quot;either predicts the facts incorrectly or it makes no prediction at all\u0026quot; (Ijiri and Simon, p. 10). Although there are models combining cost theory with assumptions about the adjustment process which result in skewed size distributions (e.g., Lucas), the testing of Gibrat\u0026#39;s law remains as an important point of departure for the analysis of firm growth. An additional feature of models based on","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1987,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics"},"translated_abstract":"In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. The analysis is undertaken by testing Gibrat\u0026#39;s \u0026quot;Law of Proportionate Effect.\u0026quot; Gibrat offered the hypothesis that the percentage growth rates of firms are independent of their initial size. Thus, growth is a purely stochastic process that arises from the cumulative effect of the random operation of a multitude of forces acting independently of each other. An important outcome of models based on Gibrat\u0026#39;s law is that the stochastic process results in a size distribution of firms which is skewed and not unlike the size distribution actually observed. 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An additional feature of models based on","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-10T07:58:24.303-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":839249,"name":"Farm Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Farm_Size"}],"urls":[{"id":20386747,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2307/1242311"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926888"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension">The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Review of Economics and Statistics</span><span>, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological change as an explanation of changes in labor productivity in the United States. In this version of the test, an interregional cross-section, time-series sample of data was used. While the hypothesis has a lot of appeal, it has proven difficult to find manifestations of embodiment in econometric tests. This study has proven to be no exception. Despite the unique data set, results were again not supportive of the hypothesis. A possible limitation of this test is that the time period studied may have been too short. REFERENCES</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926888"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926888]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78926888']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78926888, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78926888]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78926888,"title":"The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological change as an explanation of changes in labor productivity in the United States. 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REFERENCES","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-10T07:56:26.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":3398224,"name":"Economics statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_statistics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926823"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926823/Governance_infrastructure_and_US_foreign_direct_investment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85812831/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926823/Governance_infrastructure_and_US_foreign_direct_investment">Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of International Business Studies</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d9a2741b5ed451eea179c595be6eebd4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85812831,"asset_id":78926823,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85812831/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926823"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926823"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926823; 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In broad terms, governance infrastructure represents attributes of legislation, regulation, and legal systems that condition freedom of transacting, security of property rights, and transparency of government and legal processes. Our econometric analysis uses a two-stage estimation procedure. In the first stage, the probability that a country is an FDI recipient is estimated. The results indicate that countries that fail to achieve a minimum threshold of effective governance are unlikely to receive any US FDI. Countries that receive no US FDI are typically countries that do not promote free and transparent markets, that have ineffective governments, and that often have legal systems that are not rooted in English common law. In the second stage, the analysis is restricted to those countries that did receive FDI flows. The estimated equations focus on the determinants of the amount of FDI received. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="351560"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/351560/The_Role_of_Clustering_in_the_Growth_of_New_Technology_Based_Firms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30480126/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/351560/The_Role_of_Clustering_in_the_Growth_of_New_Technology_Based_Firms">The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/EliciaMaine">Elicia Maine</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro">Daniel Shapiro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Small Business Economics: An Entrepreneurship Journal</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. tech...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. technology-based ﬁrms. It is argued that ﬁrms beneﬁt because clustering provides access to specialized resources that cannot be developed internally. The empirical results indicate that distance from a cluster is negatively related to growth, but clustering has a greater positive impact on biotech ﬁrms. Proximity to a cluster within a diverse metropolitan area is associated with superior growth performance only for ﬁrms that rely heavily on broad, downstream supply chain effects (that is, for information and communications technology ﬁrms).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9bf43abbef9e55c1c88db5cc08ee6298" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30480126,"asset_id":351560,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30480126/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="351560"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="351560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=351560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=351560]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='351560']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 351560, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9bf43abbef9e55c1c88db5cc08ee6298" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=351560]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":351560,"title":"The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. technology-based ﬁrms. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213572"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213572/Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213572/Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis">Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current pharmaceutical design</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is ba...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. The current paper reviews this research and discusses the possible mechanisms respon...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213572"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213572]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213572']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213572, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213572]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213572,"title":"Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. 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Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. 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Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally. We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM. The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa607bc41a49b5b22da06d83ad033456" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45586390,"asset_id":13213571,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213571"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213571"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213571; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213571]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213571]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213571; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213571']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213571, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa607bc41a49b5b22da06d83ad033456" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213571]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213571,"title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. 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The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pediatrics"},"translated_abstract":"Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally. We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM. The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13213571/Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:17:48.149-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1427171,"work_id":13213571,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452021,"email":"a***h@hsc.utah.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Adam Hersh","title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection"},{"id":1427179,"work_id":13213571,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":35216282,"co_author_invite_id":452023,"email":"g***j@email.chop.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Jeffrey Gerber","title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45586390,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45586390/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1059.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45586390/1059.full-libre.pdf?1463103892=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRace_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf\u0026Expires=1732779713\u0026Signature=EI92PJxie-IiQ603jq~Ou81UBT-5XsSLd1kcFzEB8pLRoE4ffvviKXMlV~p4kSPuUJSjCntC00jjVPIC3~herHi0hLGJDYmkvN~wp4wWt6rt7AlmXNL1y5gZXYWhh3lMa8lN~hnVQIbheOKFSJ5G2LeFxxr9F9JFGFauR7zj~6zNpcR8zJjzkczZEwHgtRejB9I6U40ED2gqsmW7hRgSQ9DdBO9a6zK00foQ~Xb6aW9LaO4okj5teO7mpk8ExF-9JoODqAgeXMx59lVCs0X52zaRxqsAjKVceCIfMLCECvoRpWU0t5DmQUDqOiFeEFWboSDQXxIl~Do8DDEq6mF7Lg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[{"id":45586390,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45586390/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1059.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45586390/1059.full-libre.pdf?1463103892=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRace_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf\u0026Expires=1732779713\u0026Signature=EI92PJxie-IiQ603jq~Ou81UBT-5XsSLd1kcFzEB8pLRoE4ffvviKXMlV~p4kSPuUJSjCntC00jjVPIC3~herHi0hLGJDYmkvN~wp4wWt6rt7AlmXNL1y5gZXYWhh3lMa8lN~hnVQIbheOKFSJ5G2LeFxxr9F9JFGFauR7zj~6zNpcR8zJjzkczZEwHgtRejB9I6U40ED2gqsmW7hRgSQ9DdBO9a6zK00foQ~Xb6aW9LaO4okj5teO7mpk8ExF-9JoODqAgeXMx59lVCs0X52zaRxqsAjKVceCIfMLCECvoRpWU0t5DmQUDqOiFeEFWboSDQXxIl~Do8DDEq6mF7Lg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":382521,"name":"Amoxicillin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amoxicillin"},{"id":509607,"name":"Otitis Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otitis_Media"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":1200766,"name":"Drug Utilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Utilization"},{"id":2027577,"name":"Macrolides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrolides"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213569"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213569/Overprescribing_and_Inappropriate_Antibiotic_Selection_for_Children_With_Pharyngitis_in_the_United_States_1997_2010"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Overprescribing and Inappropriate Antibiotic Selection for Children With Pharyngitis in the United States, 1997-2010" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213569/Overprescribing_and_Inappropriate_Antibiotic_Selection_for_Children_With_Pharyngitis_in_the_United_States_1997_2010">Overprescribing and Inappropriate Antibiotic Selection for Children With Pharyngitis in the United States, 1997-2010</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAMA Pediatrics</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213569"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213569; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213567"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213567/Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213567/Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009">Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PEDIATRICS</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increase...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increased during the obesity epidemic. There is no consensus among professional organizations about how frequently blood pressure should be measured in children &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3 years old. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of hypertension screening during ambulatory pediatric visits in the United States and to determine patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening during visits specifically for preventive care. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ambulatory visits by using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2000 through 2009. In the subset of visits involving patients aged 3 to 18 years, we estimated the frequency of screening during all visits, preventive visits, and preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening. Hypertension screening occurred during 35% of ambulatory pediatric visits, 67% of preventive visits, and 84% of preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. Between 2000 and 2009, the frequency of screening increased in all visits and in preventive visits. Factors independently associated with screening included older age and overweight/obesity diagnosis. Providers do not measure blood pressure in two-thirds of pediatric visits and one-third of pediatric preventive visits. Providers may understand the importance of screening among overweight/obese children; however, efforts to encourage routine screening, particularly in young children, may be needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213567"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213567]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213567']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213567, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213567]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213567,"title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increased during the obesity epidemic. There is no consensus among professional organizations about how frequently blood pressure should be measured in children \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3 years old. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of hypertension screening during ambulatory pediatric visits in the United States and to determine patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening during visits specifically for preventive care. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ambulatory visits by using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2000 through 2009. In the subset of visits involving patients aged 3 to 18 years, we estimated the frequency of screening during all visits, preventive visits, and preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening. Hypertension screening occurred during 35% of ambulatory pediatric visits, 67% of preventive visits, and 84% of preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. Between 2000 and 2009, the frequency of screening increased in all visits and in preventive visits. Factors independently associated with screening included older age and overweight/obesity diagnosis. Providers do not measure blood pressure in two-thirds of pediatric visits and one-third of pediatric preventive visits. Providers may understand the importance of screening among overweight/obese children; however, efforts to encourage routine screening, particularly in young children, may be needed.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PEDIATRICS"},"translated_abstract":"Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increased during the obesity epidemic. There is no consensus among professional organizations about how frequently blood pressure should be measured in children \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3 years old. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of hypertension screening during ambulatory pediatric visits in the United States and to determine patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening during visits specifically for preventive care. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ambulatory visits by using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2000 through 2009. In the subset of visits involving patients aged 3 to 18 years, we estimated the frequency of screening during all visits, preventive visits, and preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening. Hypertension screening occurred during 35% of ambulatory pediatric visits, 67% of preventive visits, and 84% of preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. Between 2000 and 2009, the frequency of screening increased in all visits and in preventive visits. Factors independently associated with screening included older age and overweight/obesity diagnosis. Providers do not measure blood pressure in two-thirds of pediatric visits and one-third of pediatric preventive visits. Providers may understand the importance of screening among overweight/obese children; however, efforts to encourage routine screening, particularly in young children, may be needed.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13213567/Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:17:47.817-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1427192,"work_id":13213567,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452029,"email":"a***i@gmail.com","display_order":null,"name":"A. Patel","title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009"},{"id":1427174,"work_id":13213567,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452022,"email":"s***m@stanford.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Scott Sutherland","title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009"},{"id":1427189,"work_id":13213567,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452027,"email":"m***3@sfu.ca","display_order":null,"name":"M. Cabana","title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009"},{"id":1427166,"work_id":13213567,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452021,"email":"a***h@hsc.utah.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Adam Hersh","title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis"},{"id":63375,"name":"Overweight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overweight"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":71399,"name":"Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypertension"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models"},{"id":1297868,"name":"Preventive Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preventive_Health_Services"},{"id":1310413,"name":"Child Health Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Health_Services"},{"id":1453350,"name":"Ambulatory Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambulatory_Care"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213564"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213564/Human_spermatozoan_platelet_activating_factor_content_is_related_to_motility_and_morphology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Human spermatozoan platelet-activating factor content is related to motility and morphology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213564/Human_spermatozoan_platelet_activating_factor_content_is_related_to_motility_and_morphology">Human spermatozoan platelet-activating factor content is related to motility and morphology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Fertility and Sterility</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Fertility and Sterility, Volume 78, Issue null, Pages S212-S213, September 2002, Authors:Adam S L...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Fertility and Sterility, Volume 78, Issue null, Pages S212-S213, September 2002, Authors:Adam S Levine; Hilton I Kort; Andrew A Toledo; Daniel B Shapiro; Dorothy Mitchell-Leef; William E Roudebush.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213564"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213564"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213564; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213564]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213564]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213564; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213564']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213564, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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Kort","title":"Human spermatozoan platelet-activating factor content is related to motility and morphology"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Human_spermatozoan_platelet_activating_factor_content_is_related_to_motility_and_morphology","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8954,"name":"Fertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility"},{"id":98922,"name":"Fertility and Sterility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertility_and_Sterility"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"}],"urls":[{"id":4897933,"url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028202039821"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3080836" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105974959"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105974959/COVID_19_and_the_Dynamics_of_Distance_in_International_Business"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105295295/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105974959/COVID_19_and_the_Dynamics_of_Distance_in_International_Business">COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>AIB Insights</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textb...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textbooks treat distance as static or slowly changing. We argue that distance is inherently a dynamic construct, as highlighted by the impact of COVID-19 on international business activities. Using the popular CAGE framework as a baseline, we illustrate the implications of distance being dynamic by introducing likely effects of COVID-19 on distance, and by discussing in depth barriers to the movement of people as an important aspect of distance. We conclude with implications for the application of distance in corporate decision making and international business teaching.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bcb4ac4c725f3bbc26d8fcba0317be94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105295295,"asset_id":105974959,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105295295/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105974959"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105974959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105974959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105974959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105974959]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105974959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105974959']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105974959, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bcb4ac4c725f3bbc26d8fcba0317be94" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105974959]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105974959,"title":"COVID-19 and the Dynamics of Distance in International Business","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textbooks treat distance as static or slowly changing. We argue that distance is inherently a dynamic construct, as highlighted by the impact of COVID-19 on international business activities. Using the popular CAGE framework as a baseline, we illustrate the implications of distance being dynamic by introducing likely effects of COVID-19 on distance, and by discussing in depth barriers to the movement of people as an important aspect of distance. We conclude with implications for the application of distance in corporate decision making and international business teaching.","publisher":"Academy of International Business","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"AIB Insights"},"translated_abstract":"Distance is a central concept in the teaching of international business (IB). However, most textbooks treat distance as static or slowly changing. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="98226264"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/98226264/State_capitalism_economic_systems_and_the_performance_of_state_owned_firms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/99635808/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/98226264/State_capitalism_economic_systems_and_the_performance_of_state_owned_firms">State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Acta Oeconomica</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. First, we enquire whether state owned en...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. First, we enquire whether state owned enterprises (SOEs) perform better than privately owned firms in a large variety of emerging markets. To test this, we develop a unique dataset using firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), resulting in a sample of over 50,000 firms from 57 understudied countries including emerging capitalist, former socialist and state capitalist ones. Our results suggest that SOEs do display productivity advantages over private firms in these understudied economies. Our second research question asks whether the performance of state owned firms in these understudied countries is context specific, namely whether performance depends on the institutional system into which a country is classified. We refer to these systems as configurations. In particular, we are interested in whether state owned firms perform better in “state capitalist” countries including China and Vietnam. We find emp...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffaaee3c20e2c017c86aa6958bb67915" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99635808,"asset_id":98226264,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99635808/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98226264"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98226264"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98226264; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98226264]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98226264]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98226264; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98226264']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98226264, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ffaaee3c20e2c017c86aa6958bb67915" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98226264]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98226264,"title":"State capitalism, economic systems and the performance of state owned firms","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper, we pursue two related research questions. 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"profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="87952129"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/87952129/Marketing_meets_Web_2_0_social_media_and_creative_consumers_Implications_for_international_marketing_strategy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/92036224/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/87952129/Marketing_meets_Web_2_0_social_media_and_creative_consumers_Implications_for_international_marketing_strategy">Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Business Horizons</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bd92cda1b3168b06b6a4b924c976edc3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":92036224,"asset_id":87952129,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/92036224/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The determinants of new plant entry in canada" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada">The determinants of new plant entry in canada</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Applied Economics</span><span>, 1986</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. &quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out Domesti...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. &quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,&quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... &quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86329775"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86329775"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86329775; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86329775]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86329775]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86329775; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86329775']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86329775, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86329775]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86329775,"title":"The determinants of new plant entry in canada","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. \u0026quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,\u0026quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... \u0026quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...","publisher":"Informa UK Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1986,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Applied Economics"},"translated_abstract":"... [Downloadable!]. Koen de Backer, 2002. \u0026quot;Does Foreign Direct Investment Crowd Out DomesticEntrepreneurship?,\u0026quot; Economics Working Papers 618, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. ... \u0026quot;Spatial Variations in New Manufacturing Plant ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86329775/The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-08T06:18:04.717-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_determinants_of_new_plant_entry_in_canada","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1"},{"id":3079413,"name":"Finance and Investment Banking Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance_and_Investment_Banking_Area"}],"urls":[{"id":23696059,"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00036848600000077"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926979"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Farm Size and Growth in Canada" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada">Farm Size and Growth in Canada</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Agricultural Economics</span><span>, 1987</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada ove...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. The analysis is undertaken by testing Gibrat&#39;s &quot;Law of Proportionate Effect.&quot; Gibrat offered the hypothesis that the percentage growth rates of firms are independent of their initial size. Thus, growth is a purely stochastic process that arises from the cumulative effect of the random operation of a multitude of forces acting independently of each other. An important outcome of models based on Gibrat&#39;s law is that the stochastic process results in a size distribution of firms which is skewed and not unlike the size distribution actually observed. In particular, it is well known that, depending on the precise formulation, the operation of Gibrat&#39;s law leads to a skewed size distribution which is either log normal (Prais) or pareto (Steindl, Ijiri and Simon). Although it is difficult to determine the exact form of observed size distributions, it is generally agreed that either of the above provides a reasonable approximation to reality, depending on the industry or sector being observed. By contrast, a deterministic model of firm growth based strictly on standard cost theory &quot;either predicts the facts incorrectly or it makes no prediction at all&quot; (Ijiri and Simon, p. 10). Although there are models combining cost theory with assumptions about the adjustment process which result in skewed size distributions (e.g., Lucas), the testing of Gibrat&#39;s law remains as an important point of departure for the analysis of firm growth. An additional feature of models based on</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926979"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926979"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926979; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926979]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926979]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926979; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78926979']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78926979, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78926979]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78926979,"title":"Farm Size and Growth in Canada","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. The analysis is undertaken by testing Gibrat\u0026#39;s \u0026quot;Law of Proportionate Effect.\u0026quot; Gibrat offered the hypothesis that the percentage growth rates of firms are independent of their initial size. Thus, growth is a purely stochastic process that arises from the cumulative effect of the random operation of a multitude of forces acting independently of each other. An important outcome of models based on Gibrat\u0026#39;s law is that the stochastic process results in a size distribution of firms which is skewed and not unlike the size distribution actually observed. In particular, it is well known that, depending on the precise formulation, the operation of Gibrat\u0026#39;s law leads to a skewed size distribution which is either log normal (Prais) or pareto (Steindl, Ijiri and Simon). Although it is difficult to determine the exact form of observed size distributions, it is generally agreed that either of the above provides a reasonable approximation to reality, depending on the industry or sector being observed. By contrast, a deterministic model of firm growth based strictly on standard cost theory \u0026quot;either predicts the facts incorrectly or it makes no prediction at all\u0026quot; (Ijiri and Simon, p. 10). Although there are models combining cost theory with assumptions about the adjustment process which result in skewed size distributions (e.g., Lucas), the testing of Gibrat\u0026#39;s law remains as an important point of departure for the analysis of firm growth. An additional feature of models based on","publisher":"Wiley","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1987,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics"},"translated_abstract":"In this paper, we empirically examine the relationship between farm size and growth in Canada over the period 1966-81. The analysis is undertaken by testing Gibrat\u0026#39;s \u0026quot;Law of Proportionate Effect.\u0026quot; Gibrat offered the hypothesis that the percentage growth rates of firms are independent of their initial size. Thus, growth is a purely stochastic process that arises from the cumulative effect of the random operation of a multitude of forces acting independently of each other. An important outcome of models based on Gibrat\u0026#39;s law is that the stochastic process results in a size distribution of firms which is skewed and not unlike the size distribution actually observed. In particular, it is well known that, depending on the precise formulation, the operation of Gibrat\u0026#39;s law leads to a skewed size distribution which is either log normal (Prais) or pareto (Steindl, Ijiri and Simon). Although it is difficult to determine the exact form of observed size distributions, it is generally agreed that either of the above provides a reasonable approximation to reality, depending on the industry or sector being observed. By contrast, a deterministic model of firm growth based strictly on standard cost theory \u0026quot;either predicts the facts incorrectly or it makes no prediction at all\u0026quot; (Ijiri and Simon, p. 10). Although there are models combining cost theory with assumptions about the adjustment process which result in skewed size distributions (e.g., Lucas), the testing of Gibrat\u0026#39;s law remains as an important point of departure for the analysis of firm growth. An additional feature of models based on","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78926979/Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-10T07:58:24.303-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Farm_Size_and_Growth_in_Canada","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":839249,"name":"Farm Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Farm_Size"}],"urls":[{"id":20386747,"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2307/1242311"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926888"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension">The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Review of Economics and Statistics</span><span>, 1983</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological change as an explanation of changes in labor productivity in the United States. In this version of the test, an interregional cross-section, time-series sample of data was used. While the hypothesis has a lot of appeal, it has proven difficult to find manifestations of embodiment in econometric tests. This study has proven to be no exception. Despite the unique data set, results were again not supportive of the hypothesis. A possible limitation of this test is that the time period studied may have been too short. REFERENCES</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926888"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926888"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926888; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926888]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78926888]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926888; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78926888']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78926888, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78926888]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78926888,"title":"The Efficiency Implications of Earnings Retentions: An Extension","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper reports on another attempt to statistically uncover evidence of embodied technological change as an explanation of changes in labor productivity in the United States. 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REFERENCES","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78926888/The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-10T07:56:26.160-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"The_Efficiency_Implications_of_Earnings_Retentions_An_Extension","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics"},{"id":747,"name":"Econometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Econometrics"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics"},{"id":3398224,"name":"Economics statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics_statistics"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78926823"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926823/Governance_infrastructure_and_US_foreign_direct_investment"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85812831/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78926823/Governance_infrastructure_and_US_foreign_direct_investment">Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of International Business Studies</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d9a2741b5ed451eea179c595be6eebd4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85812831,"asset_id":78926823,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85812831/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78926823"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78926823"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78926823; 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In broad terms, governance infrastructure represents attributes of legislation, regulation, and legal systems that condition freedom of transacting, security of property rights, and transparency of government and legal processes. Our econometric analysis uses a two-stage estimation procedure. In the first stage, the probability that a country is an FDI recipient is estimated. The results indicate that countries that fail to achieve a minimum threshold of effective governance are unlikely to receive any US FDI. Countries that receive no US FDI are typically countries that do not promote free and transparent markets, that have ineffective governments, and that often have legal systems that are not rooted in English common law. In the second stage, the analysis is restricted to those countries that did receive FDI flows. The estimated equations focus on the determinants of the amount of FDI received. 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It has found a very efficient and effective way to match those who want to make and take bets, and also made these gamblers 10 percent better off compared to betting via traditional channels. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="351560"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/351560/The_Role_of_Clustering_in_the_Growth_of_New_Technology_Based_Firms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/30480126/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/351560/The_Role_of_Clustering_in_the_Growth_of_New_Technology_Based_Firms">The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/EliciaMaine">Elicia Maine</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro">Daniel Shapiro</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Small Business Economics: An Entrepreneurship Journal</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. tech...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. technology-based ﬁrms. It is argued that ﬁrms beneﬁt because clustering provides access to specialized resources that cannot be developed internally. The empirical results indicate that distance from a cluster is negatively related to growth, but clustering has a greater positive impact on biotech ﬁrms. Proximity to a cluster within a diverse metropolitan area is associated with superior growth performance only for ﬁrms that rely heavily on broad, downstream supply chain effects (that is, for information and communications technology ﬁrms).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9bf43abbef9e55c1c88db5cc08ee6298" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":30480126,"asset_id":351560,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30480126/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="351560"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="351560"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351560; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=351560]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=351560]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 351560; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='351560']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 351560, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9bf43abbef9e55c1c88db5cc08ee6298" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=351560]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":351560,"title":"The Role of Clustering in the Growth of New Technology-Based Firms","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This study analyses the relationship between clusters and the growth performance of new U.S. technology-based ﬁrms. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213572"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213572/Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213572/Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis">Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current pharmaceutical design</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is ba...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. The current paper reviews this research and discusses the possible mechanisms respon...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213572"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213572"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213572; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213572]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213572]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213572; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213572']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213572, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213572]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213572,"title":"Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. The current paper reviews this research and discusses the possible mechanisms respon...","publication_name":"Current pharmaceutical design"},"translated_abstract":"Stress plays a role in most conceptualizations of the etiology of psychotic disorders. This is based on extensive research showing an association between the incidence of psychosis and psychosocial stress exposure (e.g., stressful life events and trauma) both in childhood and the weeks preceding a psychotic episode. There is also evidence of increased sensitivity to stressful events and dysregulation of biological stress systems. To better understand the relation of stress with the initial emergence of psychosis, research has increasingly focused on the psychosis prodrome, the period of functional decline that precedes clinical illness. Preliminary results suggest that increased incidence of early childhood trauma, heightened sensitivity to psychosocial stress, and dysregulation of biological stress response systems are present in the prodrome and associated with the onset and severity of psychosis. The current paper reviews this research and discusses the possible mechanisms respon...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13213572/Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:17:48.273-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1427216,"work_id":13213572,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452032,"email":"c***c@duke.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Carrie Holtzman","title":"Stress and the prodromal phase of psychosis"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Stress_and_the_prodromal_phase_of_psychosis","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders"},{"id":722449,"name":"Physiological Stress Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiological_Stress_Markers"},{"id":1217494,"name":"Early Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Diagnosis"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213571"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213571/Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45586390/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213571/Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection">Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Pediatrics</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally. We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM. The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fa607bc41a49b5b22da06d83ad033456" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":45586390,"asset_id":13213571,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213571"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213571"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213571; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213571]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213571]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213571; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213571']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213571, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "fa607bc41a49b5b22da06d83ad033456" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213571]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213571,"title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally. We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM. The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Pediatrics"},"translated_abstract":"Previous research suggests that physicians may be less likely to diagnose otitis media (OM) and to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for black versus nonblack children. Our objective was to determine whether race is associated with differences in OM diagnosis and antibiotic prescribing nationally. We examined OM visit rates during 2008 to 2010 for children ≤14 years old using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We compared OM visits between black and nonblack children, as percentages of all outpatient visits and visit rates per 1000. We compared antibiotic prescribing by race as the percentage of OM visits receiving narrow-spectrum (eg, amoxicillin) versus broader-spectrum antibiotics. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether race was independently associated with antibiotic selection for OM. The percentage of all visits resulting in OM diagnosis was 30% lower in black children compared with others ...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13213571/Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:17:48.149-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":32466451,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":1427171,"work_id":13213571,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":452021,"email":"a***h@hsc.utah.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Adam Hersh","title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection"},{"id":1427179,"work_id":13213571,"tagging_user_id":32466451,"tagged_user_id":35216282,"co_author_invite_id":452023,"email":"g***j@email.chop.edu","display_order":null,"name":"Jeffrey Gerber","title":"Race, otitis media, and antibiotic selection"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45586390,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45586390/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1059.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45586390/1059.full-libre.pdf?1463103892=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRace_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf\u0026Expires=1732779713\u0026Signature=EI92PJxie-IiQ603jq~Ou81UBT-5XsSLd1kcFzEB8pLRoE4ffvviKXMlV~p4kSPuUJSjCntC00jjVPIC3~herHi0hLGJDYmkvN~wp4wWt6rt7AlmXNL1y5gZXYWhh3lMa8lN~hnVQIbheOKFSJ5G2LeFxxr9F9JFGFauR7zj~6zNpcR8zJjzkczZEwHgtRejB9I6U40ED2gqsmW7hRgSQ9DdBO9a6zK00foQ~Xb6aW9LaO4okj5teO7mpk8ExF-9JoODqAgeXMx59lVCs0X52zaRxqsAjKVceCIfMLCECvoRpWU0t5DmQUDqOiFeEFWboSDQXxIl~Do8DDEq6mF7Lg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selection","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":32466451,"first_name":"Daniel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Shapiro","page_name":"DanielShapiro","domain_name":"sfu","created_at":"2015-06-23T08:16:02.768-07:00","display_name":"Daniel Shapiro","url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/DanielShapiro"},"attachments":[{"id":45586390,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/45586390/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1059.full.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45586390/download_file?st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3NjExMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Race_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/45586390/1059.full-libre.pdf?1463103892=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRace_otitis_media_and_antibiotic_selecti.pdf\u0026Expires=1732779713\u0026Signature=EI92PJxie-IiQ603jq~Ou81UBT-5XsSLd1kcFzEB8pLRoE4ffvviKXMlV~p4kSPuUJSjCntC00jjVPIC3~herHi0hLGJDYmkvN~wp4wWt6rt7AlmXNL1y5gZXYWhh3lMa8lN~hnVQIbheOKFSJ5G2LeFxxr9F9JFGFauR7zj~6zNpcR8zJjzkczZEwHgtRejB9I6U40ED2gqsmW7hRgSQ9DdBO9a6zK00foQ~Xb6aW9LaO4okj5teO7mpk8ExF-9JoODqAgeXMx59lVCs0X52zaRxqsAjKVceCIfMLCECvoRpWU0t5DmQUDqOiFeEFWboSDQXxIl~Do8DDEq6mF7Lg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics"},{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant"},{"id":335984,"name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Bacterial_Agents"},{"id":382521,"name":"Amoxicillin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amoxicillin"},{"id":509607,"name":"Otitis Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otitis_Media"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":1200766,"name":"Drug Utilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Utilization"},{"id":2027577,"name":"Macrolides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Macrolides"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213570"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213570/Burden_of_Ambulatory_Visits_and_Antibiotic_Prescribing_Patterns_for_Adults_With_Community_Acquired_Pneumonia_in_the_United_States_1998_Through_2009"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Burden of Ambulatory Visits and Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States, 1998 Through 2009" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213570/Burden_of_Ambulatory_Visits_and_Antibiotic_Prescribing_Patterns_for_Adults_With_Community_Acquired_Pneumonia_in_the_United_States_1998_Through_2009">Burden of Ambulatory Visits and Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States, 1998 Through 2009</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAMA Internal Medicine</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213570"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213570"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213570; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213569"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213569/Overprescribing_and_Inappropriate_Antibiotic_Selection_for_Children_With_Pharyngitis_in_the_United_States_1997_2010"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Overprescribing and Inappropriate Antibiotic Selection for Children With Pharyngitis in the United States, 1997-2010" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213569/Overprescribing_and_Inappropriate_Antibiotic_Selection_for_Children_With_Pharyngitis_in_the_United_States_1997_2010">Overprescribing and Inappropriate Antibiotic Selection for Children With Pharyngitis in the United States, 1997-2010</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JAMA Pediatrics</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213569"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213569; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="13213567"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213567/Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/13213567/Hypertension_Screening_During_Ambulatory_Pediatric_Visits_in_the_United_States_2000_2009">Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PEDIATRICS</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increase...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increased during the obesity epidemic. There is no consensus among professional organizations about how frequently blood pressure should be measured in children &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;3 years old. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of hypertension screening during ambulatory pediatric visits in the United States and to determine patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening during visits specifically for preventive care. We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ambulatory visits by using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2000 through 2009. In the subset of visits involving patients aged 3 to 18 years, we estimated the frequency of screening during all visits, preventive visits, and preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient- and provider-level factors associated with screening. Hypertension screening occurred during 35% of ambulatory pediatric visits, 67% of preventive visits, and 84% of preventive visits in which overweight/obesity was diagnosed. Between 2000 and 2009, the frequency of screening increased in all visits and in preventive visits. Factors independently associated with screening included older age and overweight/obesity diagnosis. Providers do not measure blood pressure in two-thirds of pediatric visits and one-third of pediatric preventive visits. Providers may understand the importance of screening among overweight/obese children; however, efforts to encourage routine screening, particularly in young children, may be needed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="13213567"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13213567"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213567; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213567]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13213567]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13213567; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='13213567']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13213567, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=13213567]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":13213567,"title":"Hypertension Screening During Ambulatory Pediatric Visits in the United States, 2000-2009","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Hypertension occurs in 2% to 5% of children in the United States, and its prevalence has increased during the obesity epidemic. 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