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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Woodhead_Dam&params=33_58_35_S_18_24_08_E_region:ZA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°58′35″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°24′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.97639°S 18.40222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.97639; 18.40222</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Dam&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Dam">Alexandra Dam</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam on Table Mountain, Western Cape, South Africa</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dam in Western Cape, South Africa</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color:skyblue;">Woodhead Dam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG/220px-Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG/330px-Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG/440px-Woodhead_Dam_Wall_Table_Mountain_Cape_Town.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Woodhead Dam</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Woodhead Dam is located in Cape Town"><img alt="Woodhead Dam is located in Cape Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/235px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/353px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg/470px-OpenStreetMap_Cape_Town_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="399" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.278%;left:20.296%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Woodhead Dam"><img alt="Woodhead Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Woodhead Dam in Cape Town</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain" title="Table Mountain">Table Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Woodhead_Dam&params=33_58_35_S_18_24_08_E_region:ZA_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°58′35″S</span> <span class="longitude">18°24′08″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.97639°S 18.40222°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-33.97639; 18.40222</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">1894</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening date</th><td class="infobox-data">1897</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Cape Town Municipality</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Dam and spillways</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Types" title="Dam">Type of dam</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dam#Masonry_dams" title="Dam">Masonry gravity dam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impounds</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disa_Stream&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disa Stream (page does not exist)">Disa Stream</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">50 m (164 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">277 m (909 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-sancold_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sancold-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway type</th><td class="infobox-data">Free overspill</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spillway capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">20 m<sup>3</sup>/s (706 ft<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:skyblue;">Reservoir</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creates</th><td class="infobox-data">Woodhead Reservoir</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">927,000 m<sup>3</sup> (32,737,000 cu ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">13 ha (32 acres)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Woodhead Dam</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> on <a href="/wiki/Table_Mountain" title="Table Mountain">Table Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. It was built in 1897 and supplies water to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>. The dam, which was the first large masonry dam in South Africa, was designated as an <a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_civil_engineering_landmarks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic civil engineering landmarks">International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodhead_Dam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png/220px-PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png/330px-PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png/440px-PSM_V68_D012_Table_mountain_kopjes_and_reservoirs.png 2x" data-file-width="1629" data-file-height="1225" /></a><figcaption>View over Woodhead Dam in 1906, from <a href="/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Science Monthly">Popular Science Monthly</a> Volume 68</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1870, the growth of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> led to shortages of drinking water. It was decided to build a <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a> on Table Mountain to provide water to the city. Scottish <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">hydraulic engineer</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stewart_(civil_engineer)" title="Thomas Stewart (civil engineer)">Thomas Stewart</a> was engaged to design and build the reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Woodhead Tunnel was built between 1888 and 1891. It was used to divert the Disa Stream, a tributary of the Hout Bay River, westward to provide water for the reservoir. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">aerial cableway</a> was constructed to transport men and materials to the construction site.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCE_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murray_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dam was constructed between 1894 and 1897. This dam was followed by four others in the area. The Hely-Hutchinson Dam and reservoir were built by 1904 just upstream of the Woodhead reservoir. The Alexandra Dam and Victoria Dam were built on the original Disa Stream by 1903. The last of the five dams was the De Villiers Dam in 1907. This was built downstream of the Alexandra and Victoria Dams. Today, these five dams supply around 0.4% of the water for Cape Town.<sup id="cite_ref-SRR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodhead_Dam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Woodhead Tunnel is 640 m (2,100 ft) long. The Woodhead Dam is a <a href="/wiki/Dam#Masonry_dams" title="Dam">masonry gravity dam</a> that is 277 m (909 ft) long and 50 m (164 ft) high. It has a free overspill <a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">spillway</a> with a capacity of 20 m<sup>3</sup>/s (706 ft<sup>3</sup>/s). The reservoir has a capacity of 927,000 m<sup>3</sup> (32,737,000 cu ft) and a surface area of 13 ha (32 acres).<sup id="cite_ref-sancold_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sancold-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodhead_Dam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_reservoirs_and_dams_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa">List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Woodhead_Dam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sancold-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sancold_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sancold_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090705103748/http://www.sancold.org.za/dams-register.php">"South African Large Dams"</a>. <i>South African Large Dams-1-2009 v3.0.xls</i>. SANCOLD. January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sancold.org.za/dams-register.php">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(zip)</span> on 5 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+African+Large+Dams-1-2009+v3.0.xls&rft.atitle=South+African+Large+Dams&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sancold.org.za%2Fdams-register.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodhead+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASCE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASCE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASCE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASCE_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725021441/http://content.asce.org/international/SouthAfricaDam.html">"Led by ASCE President, Delegation Visits S. Africa To Honor Dam as Civil Engineering Landmark"</a>. <i>ASCE International Page</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.asce.org/international/SouthAfricaDam.html">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASCE+International+Page&rft.atitle=Led+by+ASCE+President%2C+Delegation+Visits+S.+Africa+To+Honor+Dam+as+Civil+Engineering+Landmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.asce.org%2Finternational%2FSouthAfricaDam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodhead+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray" class="citation web cs1">Murray, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725015259/http://email.asce.org/international/documents/05.MurrayStewartTWoodhead.pdf">"Thomas Steweart - First South African Consulting Engineer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://email.asce.org/international/documents/05.MurrayStewartTWoodhead.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Steweart+-+First+South+African+Consulting+Engineer&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Civil+Engineers&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femail.asce.org%2Finternational%2Fdocuments%2F05.MurrayStewartTWoodhead.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWoodhead+Dam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SRR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SRR_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100214233017/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/diep/Diep_HB_L_P.pdf"><i>River Health Programme (2003). State-of-Rivers Report: Diep, Hout Bay, Lourens and Palmiet River Systems</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 2003, pp. 17–18, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/reports/rivers/diep/Diep_HB_L_P.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-28</span></span></cite><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Western_Cape_Water_Supply_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Western Cape Water Supply System (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Cape_Water_Supply_System" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Cape Water Supply System"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Cape_Water_Supply_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Cape_Water_Supply_System" title="Western Cape Water Supply System">Western Cape Water Supply System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theewaterskloof_Dam" title="Theewaterskloof Dam">Theewaterskloof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABlvlei_Dam" title="Voëlvlei Dam">Voëlvlei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berg_River_Dam" title="Berg River Dam">Berg River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemmershoek_Dam" title="Wemmershoek Dam">Wemmershoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenbras_Dam" title="Steenbras Dam">Steenbras Lower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steenbras_Upper_Dam" title="Steenbras Upper Dam">Steenbras Upper</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Berg_River_Dam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of the Berg River Dam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Berg_River_Dam.jpg/100px-Berg_River_Dam.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Berg_River_Dam.jpg/150px-Berg_River_Dam.jpg 1.5x, 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href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Gay_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Gay Dam (page does not exist)">Lewis Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dam_(Cape_Town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Dam (Cape Town)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandra Dam">Alexandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Water_and_Sanitation" title="Department of Water and Sanitation">Department of Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Cape_Town" title="City of Cape Town">City of Cape Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town_water_crisis" title="Cape Town water crisis">Cape Town water crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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