CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="B7ZAvQ1OLLbqORtBBQWLRIYH6UxpJOw0V2RJeWiMSnimfI/Ek6BCjAlGRETAAxueh1GEXAk/mjopXFxqaKxvPw==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2023/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Islamic Ethics" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jonathan Brown" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/4594993/2948619/3453695/s200_jonathan.brown.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JonathanACBrown" /> <meta name="description" content="Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand" /> <title>(PDF) Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand | Jonathan Brown - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '48654d67e5106e06fb1e5c9a356c302510d6cfee'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734499089000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734499089000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jonathan Brown"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-11-07","datePublished":"2023-01-01","headline":"Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107221802/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History of Slavery","Slavery In Islam"],"publication":"Journal of Islamic Ethics","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"georgetown"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107221802/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "2e5b3cd8c375c19d7386e3bcfa3d45b45fe9d8717bfe8ea149a0787018258ab7", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="ZONrGkW60aVEV4L+6tYdxVKyX9A23XAya9THWux4s1LFKaRj21S/n6co3fsv0I0fU+QywFbGBjwV7NJJ7FiWFQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="ciD4A0xbBHPqX3rEk38/YGJQqzdn2Gkzkcy33icBs5rT6jd60rVqSQkgJcFWea+6YwbGJwfDHz3v9KLNJyGW3Q==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"login-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Log In</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign react-login-modal-opener" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-button--header"}" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</button><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-3f6c8d93606e71610593edcc4a66814b5eb01028a2b32194979a5b0c3df849c2.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 4594993; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F108968817%2FBrown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F108968817%2FBrown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":107221802,"identifier":"Attachment_107221802","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":108968817,"created_at":"2023-11-07T14:51:16.911-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2023-11-07T16:17:35.116-08:00","_data":{"publication_date":"2023,,","publication_name":"Journal of Islamic Ethics"},"document_type":"book_review","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [4594993]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":107221802,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/107221802/mini_magick20231107-1-48joue.png?1699397552" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Brown - Review of Freamon, Possessed by the Right Hand</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4594993" href="https://georgetown.academia.edu/JonathanACBrown"><img alt="Profile image of Jonathan Brown" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4594993/2948619/3453695/s65_jonathan.brown.jpg" />Jonathan Brown</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2023, Journal of Islamic Ethics</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">7 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 108968817; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=108968817"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":107221802,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":107221802,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="107221802" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/108968817/Brown_Review_of_Freamon_Possessed_by_the_Right_Hand" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="43983470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43983470/A_Critique_of_Current_Historical_Scholarship">A Critique of Current Historical Scholarship</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="107183934" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChrisWright82">Christopher Wright</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Critique of Current Historical Scholarship","attachmentId":64793474,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43983470/A_Critique_of_Current_Historical_Scholarship","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43983470/A_Critique_of_Current_Historical_Scholarship"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="40703337" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40703337/REVIEW_ESSAY_Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books">REVIEW ESSAY: Berger, S. (Ed.). (2019). The Engaged Historian: Perspectives on the Intersections of Politics, Activism and the Historical Profession, New York / Oxford: Berghahn Books.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64990738" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/EmmyC%C3%B4t%C3%A9">Emmy Côté</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Journal of Action Research , 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"REVIEW ESSAY: Berger, S. (Ed.). (2019). The Engaged Historian: Perspectives on the Intersections of Politics, Activism and the Historical Profession, New York / Oxford: Berghahn Books.","attachmentId":60987322,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40703337/REVIEW_ESSAY_Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40703337/REVIEW_ESSAY_Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="40424281" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40424281/The_Politics_of_Scholarship">The Politics of Scholarship</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5947985" href="https://hmc.academia.edu/DavidKSeitz">David K . Seitz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">at any time, allowing me 48-72 hours to respond. I'm happy to meet by appointment, and especially happy to hold office hours after class, either on campus or in a café in the Claremont Village.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Politics of Scholarship","attachmentId":60680705,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40424281/The_Politics_of_Scholarship","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40424281/The_Politics_of_Scholarship"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="84191770" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84191770/Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books_">Berger, S. (Ed.). (2019). The Engaged Historian: Perspectives on the Intersections of Politics, Activism and the Historical Profession, New York / Oxford: Berghahn Books. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64990738" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/EmmyC%C3%B4t%C3%A9">Emmy Côté</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Canadian Journal of Action Research, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Berger, S. (Ed.). (2019). The Engaged Historian: Perspectives on the Intersections of Politics, Activism and the Historical Profession, New York / Oxford: Berghahn Books. ","attachmentId":89300715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84191770/Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84191770/Berger_S_Ed_2019_The_Engaged_Historian_Perspectives_on_the_Intersections_of_Politics_Activism_and_the_Historical_Profession_New_York_Oxford_Berghahn_Books_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="83492314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83492314/3_The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_WHITE1">3. The Public Relevance of Historical Studies: A Rejoinder to Hayden WHITE1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="318893" href="https://ccny1-cuny.academia.edu/DirkMoses">Dirk Moses</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">History and Theory, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Hayden White wants history to serve life by having it inspire an ethical consciousness, by which he means that in facing the existential questions of life, death, trauma, and suffering posed by human history, people are moved to formulate answers to them rather than to feel that they have no power to choose how they live. The ethical historian should craft narratives that inspire people to live meaningfully rather than try to provide explanations or reconstructions of past events that make them feel as if they cannot control their destiny. This Nietzschean-inspired vision of history is inadequate because it cannot gainsay that a genocidal vision of history is immoral. White may be right that cultural relativism results in cultural pluralism and toleration, but what if most people are not cultural relativists, and believe fervently in their right to specific lands at the expense of other peoples? White does not think historiography or perhaps any moral system can provide an answer. Is he right? This rejoinder argues that the communicative rationality implicit in the human sciences does provide norms about the moral use of history because it institutionalizes an intersubjectivity in which the use of the past is governed by norms of impartiality and fair-mindedness, and protocols of evidence based on honest research. Max Weber, equally influenced by Nietzsche, developed an alternative vision of teaching and research that is still relevant today. Little did I imagine, on October 13, 1995, when I sat on the floor in a crowded seminar room in Dwinelle Hall at the University of California at Berkeley, that one day I would be crossing swords on these pages with the guest speaker, Hayden White. He was, and remains, after all, the most influential critic of the discipline of history over the past forty years, a thinker whose dissections of its conceits, as elegant as they are erudite, have forced historians to reflect critically on what they do. If they have often responded defensively, literary scholars and philosophers have welcomed his apparent skepticism, a pattern of reaction that recurred with his talk, "The First Historical Event: A Rhetorical Exercise," hosted by the Department of Rhetoric. While we few interlopers from the Department of History squirmed uncomfortably, the sophisticated graduate students in comparative literature and rhetoric chortled as they learned that historians believed they "find" the past ready-made in the archives. Had we not heard the news that reality, past and present, was a "construction"? It is fascinating to learn what colleagues down the corridor really think of what you do. The disci-1. I thank Neil Levi and Geoffrey Brahm Levey for critical comments on an earlier draft.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"3. The Public Relevance of Historical Studies: A Rejoinder to Hayden WHITE1","attachmentId":88816735,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83492314/3_The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_WHITE1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83492314/3_The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_WHITE1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="9868522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9868522/Discontent_in_the_historical_profession">Discontent in the historical profession</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23934892" href="https://cua.academia.edu/JerryZMuller">Jerry Z Muller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Society, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discontent in the historical profession","attachmentId":47621084,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9868522/Discontent_in_the_historical_profession","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9868522/Discontent_in_the_historical_profession"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="37520383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37520383/Anthony_Grafton_A_Discussion_Continues_Perspectives_on_History_49_2_February_2011_">Anthony Grafton, “A Discussion Continues,” Perspectives on History 49:2 (February 2011)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1741182" href="https://princeton.academia.edu/AnthonyGrafton">Anthony Grafton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Last month's presidential column provoked many responses. These included both posts on the AHA web site and others on independent blogs, two of which sparked long discussions, as well as a number of emails from historians and others. I'm grateful to all for these thoughtful responses. Let's talk.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anthony Grafton, “A Discussion Continues,” Perspectives on History 49:2 (February 2011)","attachmentId":57493323,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37520383/Anthony_Grafton_A_Discussion_Continues_Perspectives_on_History_49_2_February_2011_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37520383/Anthony_Grafton_A_Discussion_Continues_Perspectives_on_History_49_2_February_2011_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="12399372" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12399372/The_Historian_as_Judge">The Historian as Judge</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31161496" href="https://cjh.academia.edu/GavrielRosenfeld">Gavriel Rosenfeld</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jewish Quarterly Review, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Historian as Judge","attachmentId":46209161,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12399372/The_Historian_as_Judge","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12399372/The_Historian_as_Judge"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1143557" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1143557/Hildebrand_Pragmatic_Objectivity_in_History_Journalism_and_Philosophy_2011_Southwest_Philosophy_Review">Hildebrand_Pragmatic Objectivity in History Journalism and Philosophy_2011_Southwest_Philosophy_Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="443692" href="https://ucdenver.academia.edu/DavidHildebrand">David L Hildebrand</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In a discussion associating his views with those of William James, Richard Rorty once wrote that the word "true" (like the words "good" and "rational") was merely a normative notion, "a compliment paid to sentences that seem to be paying their way and that fit in with other sentences which are doing so." (Rorty, 1982, p. xxv) Rorty argued that our culture's failures to achieve "Objectivity" tell us that we have been desiring the wrong ideal all along. Perhaps "true" is just a compliment and "objectivity" is just an illusory desire; perhaps not. Regardless, calling objectivity "illusory" has done little to eradicate the constant and practical need of discussing and debating what objectivity should—and should not mean. To better understand objectivity, this paper examines how objectivity is faring among theorists in history and journalism because both fields are crucially important in influencing what the average person considers to be debate, argument, knowledge, truth—indeed, what they think is "objectivity." First, I present two sketches of the recent history of the concept of "objectivity"—first among historians and then among journalism/media theorists. Second, I examine several critiques each field has made against what they consider the traditional conception of objectivity. Third, I shift to these critics' pragmatic proposals for reconstructing objectivity. Finally, I make a very brief case regarding why these critics' proposals would benefit from greater connection with a philosophically pragmatist conception of democracy. In brief, my tentative conclusion is that these (historians' and journalists') proposals to renovate "objectivity" only become defensible once they more firmly connected to democracy by dialogical and epistemic habits of inquiry.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hildebrand_Pragmatic Objectivity in History Journalism and Philosophy_2011_Southwest_Philosophy_Review","attachmentId":7015662,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1143557/Hildebrand_Pragmatic_Objectivity_in_History_Journalism_and_Philosophy_2011_Southwest_Philosophy_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1143557/Hildebrand_Pragmatic_Objectivity_in_History_Journalism_and_Philosophy_2011_Southwest_Philosophy_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="43309726" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43309726/Authority_in_Contemporary_Historiography">Authority in Contemporary Historiography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="160758949" href="https://washington.academia.edu/letteney">Mark Letteney</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rethinking 'Authority': Authorship, Law, and Transmission in Jewish and Christian Tradition, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We met recently with a colleague to discuss the central place that "authority" has found among explanations for the creation and dissemination of texts in Late Antiquity. As the conversation shifted to social theories of authority, our colleague commended Bruce Lincoln's magisterial Authority: Construction and Corrosion as being particularly influential on his own thinking about the authority-asmotivation paradigm. In particular, he reflected on the central paradox of the book. According to Lincoln, authority is, at base, thinly veiled violence, or at least the implication thereof. Authority is compromised, however, whenever that violence is brought to fruition. "So, for instance, I don't hit my children because in so doing, my authority would be brought into question." He was referring to Lincoln's contention that authority, when challenged, can be cashed out either in terms of persuasion or in terms of violence, though always with a loss of value in the process. 1 Our colleague paused for a moment, returning to reality from the realm of theory, and retorted to himself, "I don't hit my kids for a lot of reasons -mostly moral and psychological. My own authority doesn't have much to do with it."</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Authority in Contemporary Historiography","attachmentId":64631643,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43309726/Authority_in_Contemporary_Historiography","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43309726/Authority_in_Contemporary_Historiography"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107221802,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":107221802,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_107221802" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="69766171" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69766171/THE_DEATH_OF_THE_HISTORIAN_AND_AUTOTELISM_TEXTUALITY_AND_IMPOTENCE_OF_HISTORICAL_WRITING_HAYDEN_WHITE_AND_THE_AUTONOMY_OF_HISTORY">THE DEATH OF THE HISTORIAN AND AUTOTELISM, TEXTUALITY AND IMPOTENCE OF HISTORICAL WRITING: HAYDEN WHITE AND THE AUTONOMY OF HISTORY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8758808" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/JakubMuchowski">Jakub Muchowski</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Historyka. Studia Metodologiczne, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE DEATH OF THE HISTORIAN AND AUTOTELISM, TEXTUALITY AND IMPOTENCE OF HISTORICAL WRITING: HAYDEN WHITE AND THE AUTONOMY OF HISTORY","attachmentId":79735427,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69766171/THE_DEATH_OF_THE_HISTORIAN_AND_AUTOTELISM_TEXTUALITY_AND_IMPOTENCE_OF_HISTORICAL_WRITING_HAYDEN_WHITE_AND_THE_AUTONOMY_OF_HISTORY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69766171/THE_DEATH_OF_THE_HISTORIAN_AND_AUTOTELISM_TEXTUALITY_AND_IMPOTENCE_OF_HISTORICAL_WRITING_HAYDEN_WHITE_AND_THE_AUTONOMY_OF_HISTORY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="11832671" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11832671/The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_White">The Public Relevance of Historical Studies: A Rejoinder to Hayden White</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="318893" href="https://ccny1-cuny.academia.edu/DirkMoses">Dirk Moses</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Public Relevance of Historical Studies: A Rejoinder to Hayden White","attachmentId":37235473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11832671/The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_White","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11832671/The_Public_Relevance_of_Historical_Studies_A_Rejoinder_to_Hayden_White"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="43093860" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43093860/Friedrich_Christoph_Dahlmann_and_Georg_Waitz_Two_Models_of_Scholarly_Integrity">Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann and Georg Waitz: Two Models of Scholarly Integrity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10724418" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HermanPaul">Herman Paul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Portraits of Integrity: 26 Case Studies from History, Literature and Philosophy, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann and Georg Waitz: Two Models of Scholarly Integrity","attachmentId":63347475,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43093860/Friedrich_Christoph_Dahlmann_and_Georg_Waitz_Two_Models_of_Scholarly_Integrity","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43093860/Friedrich_Christoph_Dahlmann_and_Georg_Waitz_Two_Models_of_Scholarly_Integrity"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38364291" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38364291/O_Ye_Biased_Professors_The_Question_of_Objectivity_and_Liberal_Bias_in_the_History_Profession">O Ye Biased Professors! The Question of Objectivity and Liberal Bias in the History Profession</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5543924" href="https://cpp.academia.edu/StephenCampbell">Stephen Campbell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tropics of Meta: Historiography for the Masses, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"O Ye Biased Professors! The Question of Objectivity and Liberal Bias in the History Profession","attachmentId":58417455,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38364291/O_Ye_Biased_Professors_The_Question_of_Objectivity_and_Liberal_Bias_in_the_History_Profession","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38364291/O_Ye_Biased_Professors_The_Question_of_Objectivity_and_Liberal_Bias_in_the_History_Profession"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="8087293" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8087293/Masculinity_Authority_and_the_Illusion_of_Objectivity_in_Academic_Discourse">Masculinity, Authority, and the Illusion of Objectivity in Academic Discourse</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5022945" href="https://lancaster.academia.edu/JessicaWrenButler">Jessica Wren Butler</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Masculinity, Authority, and the Illusion of Objectivity in Academic Discourse","attachmentId":34537796,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8087293/Masculinity_Authority_and_the_Illusion_of_Objectivity_in_Academic_Discourse","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8087293/Masculinity_Authority_and_the_Illusion_of_Objectivity_in_Academic_Discourse"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="30473793" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30473793/Our_Words_and_Theirs_A_Reflection_on_the_Historian_s_Craft_Today">Our Words, and Theirs: A Reflection on the Historian’s Craft, Today</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="257467" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/CarloGinzburg">Carlo Ginzburg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cromohs Cyber Review of Modern Historiography, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Our Words, and Theirs: A Reflection on the Historian’s Craft, Today","attachmentId":50913353,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30473793/Our_Words_and_Theirs_A_Reflection_on_the_Historian_s_Craft_Today","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30473793/Our_Words_and_Theirs_A_Reflection_on_the_Historian_s_Craft_Today"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="11134505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11134505/An_Interview_with_Prof_Georg_G_Iggers_Every_history_can_only_present_a_partial_reconstruction_of_the_past_K%C4%B1lavuz_52_December_2014_36_49">An Interview with Prof. Georg G. Iggers: "Every history can only present a partial reconstruction of the past" Kılavuz, 52 (December 2014): 36-49</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16704335" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PolatSafi">Polat Safi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Interview with Prof. Georg G. Iggers: \"Every history can only present a partial reconstruction of the past\" Kılavuz, 52 (December 2014): 36-49","attachmentId":36791643,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11134505/An_Interview_with_Prof_Georg_G_Iggers_Every_history_can_only_present_a_partial_reconstruction_of_the_past_K%C4%B1lavuz_52_December_2014_36_49","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11134505/An_Interview_with_Prof_Georg_G_Iggers_Every_history_can_only_present_a_partial_reconstruction_of_the_past_K%C4%B1lavuz_52_December_2014_36_49"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36778451" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36778451/Theses_on_Theory_and_History">Theses on Theory and History</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1176166" href="https://wesleyan.academia.edu/EthanKleinberg">Ethan Kleinberg</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theses on Theory and History","attachmentId":56726445,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36778451/Theses_on_Theory_and_History","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36778451/Theses_on_Theory_and_History"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="94775661" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94775661/Challenges_to_writing_Professional_History_Question_of_Identity_and_Ideology">Challenges to writing Professional History- Question of Identity and Ideology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="113137896" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/PurvaiDwivedi">Purvai Dwivedi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Challenges to writing Professional History- Question of Identity and Ideology","attachmentId":97140436,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94775661/Challenges_to_writing_Professional_History_Question_of_Identity_and_Ideology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94775661/Challenges_to_writing_Professional_History_Question_of_Identity_and_Ideology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="47042481" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47042481/Authority_Arguments_in_Academic_Contexts_in_Social_Studies_and_Humanities">Authority Arguments in Academic Contexts in Social Studies and Humanities</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="89823178" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CHundleby">Catherine Hundleby</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Authority Arguments in Academic Contexts in Social Studies and Humanities","attachmentId":66348819,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47042481/Authority_Arguments_in_Academic_Contexts_in_Social_Studies_and_Humanities","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47042481/Authority_Arguments_in_Academic_Contexts_in_Social_Studies_and_Humanities"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="39623097" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39623097/How_Intellectuals_Censor_the_Intellect_Mis_Representation_of_Traditional_History_and_its_Consequences">How Intellectuals Censor the Intellect: (Mis-)Representation of Traditional History and its Consequences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73663894" href="https://kyoto-u.academia.edu/MajidDaneshgar">Majid Daneshgar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Interrupted Studies (Brill), 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How Intellectuals Censor the Intellect: (Mis-)Representation of Traditional History and its Consequences","attachmentId":59780520,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39623097/How_Intellectuals_Censor_the_Intellect_Mis_Representation_of_Traditional_History_and_its_Consequences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39623097/How_Intellectuals_Censor_the_Intellect_Mis_Representation_of_Traditional_History_and_its_Consequences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="5355804" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5355804/The_Enduring_Hegemony_of_the_English_Literary_Canon_Symptoms_of_the_Monopoly_of_Power_Relations_in_Academia">The Enduring Hegemony of the English Literary Canon: Symptoms of the Monopoly of Power Relations in Academia </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5802055" href="https://djasljsa.academia.edu/AymanAbuShomar">Ayman Abu-Shomar</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Enduring Hegemony of the English Literary Canon: Symptoms of the Monopoly of Power Relations in Academia ","attachmentId":32507206,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5355804/The_Enduring_Hegemony_of_the_English_Literary_Canon_Symptoms_of_the_Monopoly_of_Power_Relations_in_Academia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5355804/The_Enduring_Hegemony_of_the_English_Literary_Canon_Symptoms_of_the_Monopoly_of_Power_Relations_in_Academia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="21652844" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21652844/We_Are_History_The_Outlines_of_a_Quasi_Substantive_Philosophy_of_History_Rethinking_History_20_2_2016_259_279">We Are History: The Outlines of a Quasi-Substantive Philosophy of History, Rethinking History 20:2 (2016) 259-279</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="769465" href="https://uni-bielefeld.academia.edu/ZoltanBoldizsarSimon">Zoltán Boldizsár Simon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rethinking History, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"We Are History: The Outlines of a Quasi-Substantive Philosophy of History, Rethinking History 20:2 (2016) 259-279","attachmentId":53579362,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21652844/We_Are_History_The_Outlines_of_a_Quasi_Substantive_Philosophy_of_History_Rethinking_History_20_2_2016_259_279","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21652844/We_Are_History_The_Outlines_of_a_Quasi_Substantive_Philosophy_of_History_Rethinking_History_20_2_2016_259_279"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="41342732" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41342732/A_Conceptual_Appendix_to_The_Politics_of_Historical_Knowledge_">A Conceptual Appendix to “The Politics of Historical Knowledge”</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72861094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TayJeong">Tay Jeong</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Asian History, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Conceptual Appendix to “The Politics of Historical Knowledge”","attachmentId":89634823,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41342732/A_Conceptual_Appendix_to_The_Politics_of_Historical_Knowledge_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41342732/A_Conceptual_Appendix_to_The_Politics_of_Historical_Knowledge_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="7812253" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7812253/Truth_Objectivity_and_Evidence_in_History_Writing">Truth, Objectivity and Evidence in History Writing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="117250" href="https://tallinn.academia.edu/MarekTamm">Marek Tamm</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Truth, Objectivity and Evidence in History Writing","attachmentId":36045894,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7812253/Truth_Objectivity_and_Evidence_in_History_Writing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7812253/Truth_Objectivity_and_Evidence_in_History_Writing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="13844821" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13844821/Textbook_Conflicts_and_Legitimacy_Production_2014_draft_">'Textbook Conflicts and Legitimacy Production' (2014, draft)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3429928" href="https://rug.academia.edu/JanBlaauw">Jan Blaauw</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Textbook Conflicts and Legitimacy Production' (2014, draft)","attachmentId":38142593,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13844821/Textbook_Conflicts_and_Legitimacy_Production_2014_draft_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13844821/Textbook_Conflicts_and_Legitimacy_Production_2014_draft_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="68860010" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68860010/Response_to_James_Swindal_and_Bill_Martin_on_Reason_History_and_Politics">Response to James Swindal and Bill Martin on Reason, History, and Politics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3604935" href="https://luc.academia.edu/DavidIngram">David Ingram</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Studies, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Response to James Swindal and Bill Martin on Reason, History, and Politics","attachmentId":79182970,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68860010/Response_to_James_Swindal_and_Bill_Martin_on_Reason_History_and_Politics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68860010/Response_to_James_Swindal_and_Bill_Martin_on_Reason_History_and_Politics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="37602775" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37602775/Remarks_on_The_Imperial_Scholar_for_Bias_in_Academia_A_Panel_on_the_Politics_of_Citation_sponsored_by_the_Pratt_Institute_Libraries">Remarks on "The Imperial Scholar" for "Bias in Academia" - A Panel on the Politics of Citation sponsored by the Pratt Institute Libraries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66378" href="https://pratt.academia.edu/BRicardoBrown">B. Ricardo Brown</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Remarks on \"The Imperial Scholar\" for \"Bias in Academia\" - A Panel on the Politics of Citation sponsored by the Pratt Institute Libraries","attachmentId":57584483,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37602775/Remarks_on_The_Imperial_Scholar_for_Bias_in_Academia_A_Panel_on_the_Politics_of_Citation_sponsored_by_the_Pratt_Institute_Libraries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37602775/Remarks_on_The_Imperial_Scholar_for_Bias_in_Academia_A_Panel_on_the_Politics_of_Citation_sponsored_by_the_Pratt_Institute_Libraries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="39925959" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39925959/Introduction_Historians_Reflecting_on_History_and_Historical_Writing_Number_1">Introduction: Historians Reflecting on History and Historical Writing, Number 1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4845380" href="https://umkc.academia.edu/LindaMitchell">Linda Mitchell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Historians Reflecting on History and Historical Writing, Number 1","attachmentId":60114503,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39925959/Introduction_Historians_Reflecting_on_History_and_Historical_Writing_Number_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39925959/Introduction_Historians_Reflecting_on_History_and_Historical_Writing_Number_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="6624333" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6624333/How_Historians_Learn_to_Make_Historical_Judgments">How Historians Learn to Make Historical Judgments</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10724418" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HermanPaul">Herman Paul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of The Philosophy of History, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How Historians Learn to Make Historical Judgments","attachmentId":33366882,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6624333/How_Historians_Learn_to_Make_Historical_Judgments","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6624333/How_Historians_Learn_to_Make_Historical_Judgments"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="35743520" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35743520/The_social_function_of_historical_knowledge_and_scholarly_history_writing_in_the_21st_century">The social function of historical knowledge and scholarly history writing in the 21st century</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6315610" href="https://sav-sk.academia.edu/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3V%C3%B6r%C3%B6s">László Vörös</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Historický Časopis, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The social function of historical knowledge and scholarly history writing in the 21st century","attachmentId":55618244,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35743520/The_social_function_of_historical_knowledge_and_scholarly_history_writing_in_the_21st_century","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35743520/The_social_function_of_historical_knowledge_and_scholarly_history_writing_in_the_21st_century"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="3749854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3749854/The_Ethics_of_Interpretation_in_Political_Theory_and_Intellectual_History">The Ethics of Interpretation in Political Theory and Intellectual History</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4594834" href="https://eastanglia.academia.edu/MichaelFrazer">Michael Frazer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Review of Politics, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ethics of Interpretation in Political Theory and Intellectual History","attachmentId":57092841,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3749854/The_Ethics_of_Interpretation_in_Political_Theory_and_Intellectual_History","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3749854/The_Ethics_of_Interpretation_in_Political_Theory_and_Intellectual_History"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="31716398" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31716398/19_short_articles_in_Kelly_Boyd_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Historians_and_Historical_Writing_Chicago_Fitzroy_Dearborn_1999_Choice_Outstanding_Academic_Title">19 short articles in Kelly Boyd, ed., Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999). *Choice Outstanding Academic Title</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60570240" href="https://usj-mo.academia.edu/PriscillaRoberts">Priscilla Roberts</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing. 2 vols.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"19 short articles in Kelly Boyd, ed., Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing (Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999). *Choice Outstanding Academic Title","attachmentId":57739626,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31716398/19_short_articles_in_Kelly_Boyd_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Historians_and_Historical_Writing_Chicago_Fitzroy_Dearborn_1999_Choice_Outstanding_Academic_Title","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31716398/19_short_articles_in_Kelly_Boyd_ed_Encyclopedia_of_Historians_and_Historical_Writing_Chicago_Fitzroy_Dearborn_1999_Choice_Outstanding_Academic_Title"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="83826272" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83826272/Historical_Judgement_The_Limits_of_Historiographical_Choice">Historical Judgement: The Limits of Historiographical Choice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1291379" href="https://qub.academia.edu/JGorman">Jonathan Gorman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The English Historical Review, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historical Judgement: The Limits of Historiographical Choice","attachmentId":89047704,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83826272/Historical_Judgement_The_Limits_of_Historiographical_Choice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83826272/Historical_Judgement_The_Limits_of_Historiographical_Choice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="71849261" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71849261/Introduction_Intellectuals_Who_Quest_Beyond_the_Ivory_Tower">Introduction: Intellectuals Who Quest Beyond the Ivory Tower</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4773545" href="https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/RobertBarsky">Robert F Barsky</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AmeriQuests, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Intellectuals Who Quest Beyond the Ivory Tower","attachmentId":81028186,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71849261/Introduction_Intellectuals_Who_Quest_Beyond_the_Ivory_Tower","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71849261/Introduction_Intellectuals_Who_Quest_Beyond_the_Ivory_Tower"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="6283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery">History of Slavery</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="1026491" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Slavery_In_Islam">Slavery In Islam</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>