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أنواع:المصطلحات (4% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/hi" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/hi (1% translated)" lang="hi" dir="ltr">हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/bn (11% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/gu" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Wikispecies:Glossary/gu (3% translated)" lang="gu" dir="ltr">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/ml" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="വിക്കിസ്പീഷീസ്:നിഘണ്ടു (42% translated)" lang="ml" dir="ltr">മലയാളം</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies:Glossary/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="维基物种:术语表 (5% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Термины_и_аббревиатуры" data-mw-thread-id="h-Термины_и_аббревиатуры"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.8B_.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D1.8B"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Термины_и_аббревиатуры"></span>Термины и аббревиатуры<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Термины_и_аббревиатуры"></span></h2></div> <div> <table border="0" style="border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color: #202122;padding:5px;font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Directory</b> <a href="#A">A</a><b>·</b><a href="#B">B</a><b>·</b><a href="#C">C</a><b>·</b><a href="#D">D</a><b>·</b><a href="#E">E</a><b>·</b><a href="#F">F</a><b>·</b><a href="#G">G</a><b>·</b><a href="#H">H</a><b>·</b><a href="#I">I</a><b>·</b><a href="#J">J</a><b>·</b><a href="#K">K</a><b>·</b><a href="#L">L</a><b>·</b><a href="#M">M</a><b>·</b><a href="#N">N</a><b>·</b><a href="#O">O</a><b>·</b><a href="#P">P</a><b>·</b><a href="#Q">Q</a><b>·</b><a href="#R">R</a><b>·</b><a href="#S">S</a><b>·</b><a href="#T">T</a><b>·</b><a href="#U">U</a><b>·</b><a href="#V">V</a><b>·</b><a href="#W">W</a><b>·</b><a href="#X">X</a><b>·</b><a href="#Y">Y</a><b>·</b><a href="#Z">Z</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="!" data-mw-thread-id="h-!"><span id=".21"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-!"></span>!<span data-mw-comment-end="h-!"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>!</b>: Указывает, что образец был замечен автором.</li> <li><b>†</b>: <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Указывает, что образец был уничтожен.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A" data-mw-thread-id="h-A"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A"></span>A<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">affinis</span></b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">aff.</span></b> or occasionally, <b><span lang="la">affin.</span></b>) indicates that available material or evidence suggests that the proposed taxon is related to – has an <i>affinity</i> to – but is not identical to, the taxon with the binomial name it comes after. The Latin word <i>affinis</i> can be translated as "closely related to", or "akin to".</span></li> <li><b>agg.</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Aggregate species. A grouping of closely-related species that are treated like a single species for practical purposes.</span></li> <li><b>allotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A designated <b>paratype</b> of a species (or lower-order taxon) that is the opposite sex of the <b>holotype</b>.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">auct.</span></b>; <b><span lang="la">auctt.</span></b> (Auctorum) Название, используемое по определению ряда последующих авторов, а не в том, которое было установлено оригинальным автором. Часто используется в сочетании с <span lang="la">nec</span> или <span lang="la">non</span> для указания на неправильное название.</li> <li><b>autonym</b> Автоматические сгенерированное внутриродовое или внутривидовое название.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="B" data-mw-thread-id="h-B"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-B"></span>B<span data-mw-comment-end="h-B"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>basionym</b> <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">В ботанике — первое валидное и законное название («базовое название»), использованное для именования таксона. Эквивалент протонима в зоологии и базонима в бактериологии.</span></li> <li><b>basonym</b> В бактериологии — первое название, использованное для именования таксона. Эквивалент протонима в зоологии и базионима в ботанике.</li> <li><b>bis</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In author abbreviations "bis" denotes the second son of an author. Compare "f." and "filius". For example <b>Schult.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1804%E2%80%931840)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1804–1840)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1804–1840) and <b>J.H.Schult.bis</b> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Hermann_Schultes_(1820%E2%80%931887)" title="Julius Hermann Schultes (1820–1887)">Julius Hermann Schultes</a>, 1820–1887), the first and second sons of <a href="/wiki/Josef_August_Schultes" title="Josef August Schultes">Josef August Schultes</a> (1773–1831, <b>Schult.</b>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="C" data-mw-thread-id="h-C"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-C"></span>C<span data-mw-comment-end="h-C"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">Candidatus</span></b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In bacterial nomenclature, Candidatus is a component of the taxonomic name for a bacterium that cannot be maintained in a bacteriology culture collection. It is an interim taxonomic status for yet-to-be-cultured organisms. According to the "Ad Hoc Committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology", microbiologists are encouraged to use the Candidatus concept for well characterised but as-yet uncultured organisms. The names included in this category are usually written as: <i>Candidatus</i> (in italics), the subsequent name(s) in Roman type (with an initial capital letter for the genus name) and the entire name in quotation marks. For example, "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella", and "<i>Candidatus</i> Carsonella ruddii".</span></li> <li><b>cf.</b> (confer). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latin for "compare", marking an uncertain identification or referring to a comparison between sources with differing taxonomic opinions.</span></li> <li><b>chresonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Is the cited use of a taxon name, usually a species name, within a publication. There are no assumptions with respect to appropriateness or accuracy in designations cf. synonym.</span></li> <li><b>chresonymy</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Is a summary of the published occurrences of any given scientific name or set of names for a taxon. May contain orthochresonyms and/or heterochresonyms.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. ined.</b> (combinatio inedita)</span>. Комбинация, которая, по-видимому, не была опубликована надлежащим образом или публикация которой является неопределённой в рамках одной или нескольких статей в рамках ICBN. См. также nom. ined.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. inval.</b> (combinatio invalida)</span>. Комбинация, опубликованная не в соответствии с ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. illeg.</b> (combinatio illegitima)</span>. Валидно опубликованное название, которое не соответствует одному или более правилам ICBN.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. nov.</b> (combinatio nova).</span> <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Недавно опубликованное название, которое вводится на основе уже существующего названия, часто видовое название/эпитет использовался с другим родовым названием.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>comb. superfl.</b> (combinatio superflua).</span> <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Лишнее сочетание, создающее незаконный омоним.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>cum descr.</b> (cum descriptione).</span> С описанием.</li> <li><b>cv.</b> (cultivated variety). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Added before the name of a cultivar in botany, e.g. <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> cv. 'Spinasa'</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="E" data-mw-thread-id="h-E"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-E"></span>E<span data-mw-comment-end="h-E"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>emend.</b> (emendavit)</span> Диагностические признаки или описание таксона были изменены ("emended").</li> <li><i><b><span lang="la">et al.</span></b></i> or <i><b><span lang="la">& al.</span></b></i> (Grammatical genders: <b><span lang="la">et alii</span></b> [masculine], <b><span lang="la">et aliae</span></b> [feminine] or <b><span lang="la">et alia</span></b> [neuter]). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latin for: <b>and others</b>, used to indicate other authors of a published work. Should always be italicized when using as an abbreviation.</span></li> <li><b>ex</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Used to credit the coiner of a name, when said name was never, or invalidly published. Usage differs between botany and zoology:</span> <ul><li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>In botany, the "correct" author goes last</b>, same as with combination authors.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>In zoology, the "correct" author goes first</b>, as it is closest to the name.</span></li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>excl. var.</b> (exclusis varietatibus).</span> Таксономическая концепция, исключающая вариации, которые впоследствии были включены другими авторами.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="F" data-mw-thread-id="h-F"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-F"></span>F<span data-mw-comment-end="h-F"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">fide</span></b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"on the authority of", or with reference to publication, to a cited published statement</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">filius</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">f.</span></b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In author abbreviations "f." denotes the first son of an author. For example <b>L.f.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus_the_Younger" title="Carolus Linnaeus the Younger">Carolus Linnaeus the Younger</a>), the son of <b>L.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a>). Compare "bis".</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">floruit</span></b> (often abbreviated <b><span lang="la">fl.</span></b> or occasionally, <b><span lang="la">flor.</span></b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Latin meaning "he/she flourished", and denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone "flourished", e.g. a period in life when an author of taxa was the most active.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="G" data-mw-thread-id="h-G"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-G"></span>G<span data-mw-comment-end="h-G"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">gen. nov.</span></b> (genus novum). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A genus that is newly and validly published.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="H" data-mw-thread-id="h-H"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-H"></span>H<span data-mw-comment-end="h-H"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>hemihomonyms</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same name used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions.</span></li> <li><b>heterochresonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A chresonym that is applied incorrectly or inappropriately for a given taxon, possibly by misidentification. In botany this term can be more or less equivalent to a later heterotypic homonym. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(heterochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</span></li> <li><b>heterotypic synonym</b> (taxonomic synonym). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name referring to the same taxon based on a type different from that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “=”; termed a “subjective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</span></li> <li><b>holotype</b> (holotypus) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.</span></li> <li><b>homonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The same name based on different types.</span></li> <li><b>homotypic synonym</b> (nomenclatural synonym). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name based on the same type as that of another name; often indicated by the symbol “≡”; termed an “objective synonym” in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.</span></li> <li><b>Hort.</b> (Hortulanorum). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Used to indicate a name that saw significant use in the horticultural literature (usually of the 19th century and earlier), but was never properly published. (For the author abbreviation <b>Hort</b> (without period), see <a href="/wiki/Fenton_John_Anthony_Hort" title="Fenton John Anthony Hort">Fenton John Anthony Hort</a>.)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="I" data-mw-thread-id="h-I"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-I"></span>I<span data-mw-comment-end="h-I"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>ICN</b> or <b>ICNafp</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a>, formerly known as the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (<b>ICBN</b>), maintained by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (<b>IAPT</b>).</span></li> <li><b>ICZN</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature/"><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</span></a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/ICZN" title="ICZN">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</a> (<b>ICZN</b>).</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in clavi.</b> (in clavis, in clavem)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In key or glossary.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in litt.</b> (in litteris)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In correspondence.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in obs.</b> (in observatione)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In observation.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>in sched.</b> (in schedis)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">On a herbarium sheet.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>incertae sedis</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Of uncertain placement. A term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ined.</b> (ineditus)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unpublished and not validated, provisional name.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>isonym</b> The same name based on the same type, published independently at different times.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>isotype</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In plant taxonomy a plant specimen that is a duplicate of or very similar to the type specimen and can be used as a reference specimen. They are collected at the same time and from the same plant, or localised population of plants, as the holotype. These duplicate specimens are often separated and deposited in several institutions.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="J" data-mw-thread-id="h-J"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-J"></span>J<span data-mw-comment-end="h-J"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>juv.</b> (juvenilis). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Individual organism that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity, or size.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="L" data-mw-thread-id="h-L"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-L"></span>L<span data-mw-comment-end="h-L"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>lectotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen or illustration designated from the original material as the nomenclatural type, in conformity with Art. 9.9 and 9.10 ICN, if no holotype was indicated at the time of publication, or if it is missing, or if it is found to belong to more than one taxon (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_9.html#Art9.13">Art. 9.13 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>loc. cit.</b> (loco citato)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">From the Latin: 'in the place mentioned'</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="N" data-mw-thread-id="h-N"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-N"></span>N<span data-mw-comment-end="h-N"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">nec</span></b> (or <b><span lang="la">non</span></b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Warning, that a homonym could be misinterpreted.</span></li> <li><b>neotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen or illustration later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed, or where the original author never cited a specimen (Art. 75 ICZN and Art. 9.6, 9.15 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. alt.</b> (nomen alternativum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name of a family that is treated as validly published due to long usage (Art. 18 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ambig.</b> (nomen ambiguum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An ambiguous name, name commonly used by mistake for more than one taxon. Often impossible to typify.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons.</b> (nomen conservandum)</span> <ol><li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name of a family, genus or species [or infraspecies] ruled as legitimate and with precedence over other specified names even though it may have been illegitimate when published or lack priority (Art. 14.1-14.7 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name for which its type, orthography, or gender has been fixed by the conservation process (Art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</span></li></ol></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. cons. prop.</b> (nomen conservandum propositum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Proposed conserved name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. dub.</b> (nomen dubium, plural: nomina dubia)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A dubious name whose application is difficult or impossible to determine.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et orth. cons.</b> (nomen et orthographia conservanda)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Both name and orthographic variant conserved (Art. 14.1, 14.9-14.11 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. et typ. cons.</b> (nomen et typus conservandum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Both name and type of a family, genus or species [or infraspecies] ruled as legitimate and with precedence over other specified names even though they may have been illegitimate when published or lack priority (Art. 14.1-14.7 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg.</b> (nomen illegitimum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A validly published name that is not in accordance with one or more rules (Art. 6.4 ICN), principally those on superfluity (Art. 52 ICN) and homonymy (Art. 53 and 54 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. hom.</b> (nomen illegitimum homonymum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A validly published name that is not in accordance with the one or more of the rules on homonymy (Art. 53 and 54 ICN). A later or junior homonym.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. illeg. superfl.</b> (nomen illegitimum superfluum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A validly published name that is not in accordance with the rule of superfluity (Art. 52 ICN). See also</span> <b><span lang="la">nom. superfl.</span></b></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inadmiss.</b> (nomen inadmissibile)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Illegitime renaming of the type.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. ined.</b> (nomen ineditum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name that does not appear to have been properly published in accordance with conditions under Art. 29-50 ICN.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. inval.</b> (nomen invalidum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name not validly published according to Art. 29-45 ICN or H.9 ICN (Art. 6.2 ICN).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nov.</b> (nomen novum, replacement name, avowed substitute)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A <i><span lang="la">nomen novum</span></i> (new name) is a replacement name based on a legitimate or illegitimate, previously published name. The previous name is its replaced synonym and, when legitimate, does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name. New names are created in order to avoid homonymy or creation of tautonyms. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_6.html">Art. 6.11 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. nud.</b> (nomen nudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A "naked name". A name of a new taxon published without a description or diagnosis, nor with reference to a description or diagnosis (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/art_50_recs.html">Art. 50B.1 ICN</a>).</span></li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. obl.</b> (nomen oblitum</span>, plural: <span lang="la">nomina oblita</span>). Latin for "forgotten name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen oblitum is a disused scientific name which has been declared to be obsolete (figuratively "forgotten") in favour of another "protected" name; a <i>nomen protectum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. praeocc.</b> (nomen praeoccupatum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Name preoccupied, i.e., already published for another taxon.</span></li> <li><span lang="a"><b>nom. prot.</b> (nomen protectum)</span>. Latin for "protected name". In zoological nomenclature, a nomen protectum is declared to be protected, against a <i>nomen oblitum</i>.</li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. prov.</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">or</span> <span lang="la"><b>nom. provis.</b> (nomen provisorium)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Provisional name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej.</b> (nomen rejiciendum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A name rejected in favour of a name conserved under Art. 14 ICN or a name ruled as rejected under Art. 56 ICN (App. II, III, IV, and V).</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. rej. prop.</b> (nomen rejiciendum propositum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Proposed rejected name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. seminud.</b> (nomen seminudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Published with little diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. subnud.</b> (nomen subnudum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Published with a dubious diagnosis or description, thus leaving it in doubt whether or not it is a name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. superfl.</b> (nomen superfluum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Superfluous name; usually used for illegitimate names where the correct name or basionym is mentioned at the time of publication.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. supp.</b> (nomen suppressum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Suppressed name; used for names suppressed by an <span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/ICZN" title="ICZN">ICZN</a></span></span> Opinion or equivalent act.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>nom. utique rej. prop.</b> (nomen utique rejiciendum propositum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Name proposed for rejection to the ICBN (Art. 56.1), because otherwise it would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non design.</b> (non designatus)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Not designated.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>non vidi</b> (<b>n. v.</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Not seen. Usually refers to a protologue or description of a taxon that is difficult to locate and hence verify. In the literature refers to a specimen, usually a type, that the author couldn't physically examine.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="O" data-mw-thread-id="h-O"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-O"></span>O<span data-mw-comment-end="h-O"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>op. cit.</b> (opus citatum/opere citato)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Refers to a publication previously cited or a cited work.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. oppr./opera utiq. oppr.</b> (Opus utique oppressum/Opera utique oppressa)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Works, ruled as suppressed. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>opus utiq. rej./opera utiq. rej.</b> (Opus utique rejectum/Opera utique rejectum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Works, ruled as rejected. In these names, in specified ranks, are not validly published. "<span lang="la">Opus</span>" is singular, "<span lang="la">opera</span>" is plural.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. cons.</b> (orthographia conservanda)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Conserved orthographic variant.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>orth. emend.</b> (orthographia emendata)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Orthography emended in accordance with ICBN requirements.</span></li> <li><b>orth. err.</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Orthography error correctable in accordance with ICBN requirements.</span></li> <li><b>orth. var</b>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Orthographic variant.</span></li> <li><b>orthochresonym</b><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A chresonym appropriately used to designate a taxon according to the relevant Acts, but the name is not accepted, or has become superfluous. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chresonym#Example_(orthochresonymy)" class="extiw" title="w:Chresonym">Examples at Wikipedia</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>ordo. nov.</b> (ordo novus)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Newly published or proposed novel order.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="P" data-mw-thread-id="h-P"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-P"></span>P<span data-mw-comment-end="h-P"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>parahomonyms</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Under ICN, names that are similar enough that they are likely to be confused, are also considered to be homonymous (Art. 53.3). For the zoological code has a set of spelling variations (Art. 58) that are considered to be identical.</span></li> <li><b>paralectotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany a specimen prior to lectotypification included among the syntypes, other than the chosen lectotype and isolectotypes. Duplicates are isoparalectotype(s). Not covered by ICN.</span></li> <li><b>paratype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In both zoology and botany it is a specimen of an organism that helps define what the scientific name of a taxon actually represents. However, it is not the holotype and in botany it is also neither an isotype nor a syntype. Also, see <b>allotype</b>.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"In part", regarding synonyms caused by subdivided taxa and circumscriptional changes.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>preocc.</b> ([nomen] praeoccupatum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Preoccupied, i.e. name already published for another taxon.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro gen.</b> (pro genus)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As genus.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro hybr.</b> or <b>pro hybrid.</b> (pro hybrido)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As hybrid.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro sp.</b> (pro specie)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As species.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>pro syn.</b> (pro synonymo)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As synonym.</span></li> <li><b>protologue</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">first valid description: formal description of a newly discovered taxon, usually in the form of a scientific paper</span></li> <li><b>protonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In zoology, the first name used for a taxon. Equivalent to basionym in botany, and basonym in bacteriology.</span></li> <li><b>pv.</b> (pathovar). <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Added before the name of a pathovar — a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics — in bacteriology, e.g. <i>Xanthomonas axonopodis</i> pv. <i>citri</i>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Q" data-mw-thread-id="h-Q"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Q"></span>Q<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Q"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><span lang="la"><b>quoad typum</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">With respect or pertaining to the type of a taxon. Commonly found in association with <b>p.p.</b> or <b>pro parte</b>, as <b>p.p. quoad typum</b> or <b>p.p. (quoad typum)</b>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="R" data-mw-thread-id="h-R"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-R"></span>R<span data-mw-comment-end="h-R"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>rank</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The following endings indicate rank in botanical nomenclature:</span> <ul><li><span lang="la">-obiotina = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subkingdom</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytanae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">superdivision or superphylum</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophyta = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">division or phylum</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ophytina = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subdivision</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-opsida = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">class</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-idea = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subclass</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-anae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">superordo</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ales = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">ordo</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ineae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subordo</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-ariae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">superfamilia</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-aceae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">familia</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-indae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">supersubfamilia</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-oideae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subfamilia</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">supertribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-eae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">tribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-odinae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">supersubtribus</span></span></li> <li><span lang="la">-inae = <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">subtribus</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><b>replaced synonym</b> The previously published, legitimate or illegitimate name on which a replacement name (nomen novum) is based. When legitimate, the replaced synonym does not provide the final epithet, name, or stem of the replacement name.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="S" data-mw-thread-id="h-S"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-S"></span>S<span data-mw-comment-end="h-S"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>sanctioned name</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany, a name defined under the Code (Art. F.3) as used in certain works by <a href="/wiki/Persoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Persoon">Persoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elias_Magnus_Fries" title="Elias Magnus Fries">Fries</a>. These names are treated as though conserved against earlier homonyms and synonyms, but can still be conserved, rejected or protected in their own right. The earlier names are also not considered illegitimate.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sensu auct.</b> (<b>sensu auctorum</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As used by the cited author, but specifically excluding the original meaning.</span></li> <li><b>serotype</b> or <b>serovar</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A distinct infraspecific variation within a species of bacteria or virus.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.c.</b> (<b>sine collector</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Without an assigned collector's name.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.d.</b> (<b>sine data</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Undated.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.l.</b></span>. <ul><li><b>sensu lato</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In the wide sense.</span></li> <li><b>sine loco</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Without a location (i.e. where the specimen was collected).</span></li></ul></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.n.</b> (<b>sine numero</b>)</span>.<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Without a collector-assigned number.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>s.s.</b>, <b>s.str.</b> (<b>sensu stricto</b>)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In the narrow sense.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine dign. defin.</b> (sine dignitate definita)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Unranked taxa.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sine descr.</b> (sine descriptione)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Without a description in nomenclature.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>species inquirenda</b></span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>sphalm.</b> (sphalmate)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">By mistake, mistakenly.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">supra</span></b> [see "<b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b>"]</li> <li><b>syn.</b> or <b>synonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. Synonyms may arise whenever the same taxon is described and named more than once, independently. They may also arise when existing taxa are changed, as when two taxa are joined to become one, a species is moved to a different genus, a variety is moved to a different species, etc. A synonym is always the synonym of a different scientific name and cannot exist in isolation. One taxon may have several synonyms, but can only have one valid scientific name. An example of this is the domestic dog. It was originally described as <i>Canis aegyptius</i>. Some years later it was redescribed as <i>Canis minor</i> (and several other names), and today it is named <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>. Hence both <i>Canis aegyptius</i> and <i>Canis minor</i> are synonyms of the now valid scientific name <i><a href="/wiki/Canis_lupus_familiaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Canis lupus familiaris">Canis lupus familiaris</a></i> – but they all apply to the same taxon.</span></li> <li><b>Syntype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In botany, any specimen cited in the protologue when there is no holotype, or any one of two or more specimens simultaneously designated as types (Art. 9.5 ICN). In zoology, each specimen of a type series (q.v.) from which neither a holotype nor a lectotype has been designated [Arts. 72.1.2, 73.2, 74 ICZN]. The syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="T" data-mw-thread-id="h-T"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-T"></span>T<span data-mw-comment-end="h-T"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>t.</b>, <b>tab.</b>, <b>tabula</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Plate, used in bibliography to refer to a numbered illustration. That illustration may be used as a division (some work have unnumbered pages matched to numbered plates) or constitute in and of itself valid publication of a name (under ICZN article 12.2.7 or ICNafp article 38.7).</span></li> <li><b>tautonym</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A tautonym is a scientific name of a species in which both parts of the name have the same spelling, as <i><a href="/wiki/Pica_pica" title="Pica pica">Pica pica</a></i>. It is permissible in zoological nomenclature but prohibited in botanical taxonomy.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>tax. nov.</b> (taxon novum)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A new taxon.</span></li> <li><b>t.b.c.</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">To be confirmed.</span></li> <li><b>topotype</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A specimen from the type locality.</span></li> <li><span lang="la"><b>typ. cons.</b> (typus conservandus)</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">With a conserved type.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">typus</span></b> or <b>type</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A particular specimen (or in rare cases a group of specimens) to which the scientific name is formally attached. The type is an example that serves to anchor a particular scientific name in a particular taxon.</span></li> <li><b>Type genus</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed. The type genus is not necessarily the most representative, but is usually the earliest described, largest or best known. In botany type genus has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</span></li> <li><b>Type locality</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The geographical location where a type specimen was originally found.</span></li> <li><b>Type species</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Each genus must have a designated type species with which it is permanently associated. In botany type species has no formal standing, but this is not the case in zoology.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="U" data-mw-thread-id="h-U"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-U"></span>U<span data-mw-comment-end="h-U"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b>Unplaced name</b> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Names that currently cannot be accepted, nor can they be put into a synonymy. This may be because the name is not validly published, or it is a later homonym and therefore illegitimate or because it is a species whose genus name is not accepted. See also comb. ined. and nom. ined.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="V" data-mw-thread-id="h-V"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-V"></span>V<span data-mw-comment-end="h-V"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">varietas</span></b> (<b>var.</b>, plural form <b>varietates</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"variety", a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide</span></b><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"see" or "refer to", used in scholarly citations.</span> <ul><li><b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b> (<b>v. i.</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"see below", used in scholarly works.</span></li> <li><b><span lang="la">vide supra</span></b> (<b>v. s.</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">"see above", used in scholarly works. Sometimes truncated to <b>supra</b>.</span></li></ul></li> <li><b><span lang="la">videlicet</span></b> (<b>viz</b>) <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">contraction of "<i><span lang="la">videre licet</span></i>" ("one may see", "it is permitted to see") and sometimes used instead of <b><span lang="la">vide infra</span></b>.</span></li></ul> <p><br/> </p> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> </div> <ul><li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2023165" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2023165">wikidata:Q2023165</a> — Glossary of scientific naming on Wikipedia</span></li></ul> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415060334/https://www.fsbio-hannover.de/oftheweek/abbrev.htm">abbrev. sys.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/pages/main/glossary.html">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.iczn.org/glossary-2/?frame=1">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 20 September 2023.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/text/glossary">List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Glossary.</a> Accessed 26 October 2023.</li> <li><span style="font-variant: small-caps;" class="vcard"><span class="fn n nickname"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Ellen_Winston" title="Judith Ellen Winston">Winston, J.E.</a></span></span> 1999. <i>Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists</i>. Columbia University Press, New York. xx + 518 pp. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068253" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068253">ISBN 9780231068253</a> (paperback), <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231068246" title="Special:BookSources/9780231068246">ISBN 9780231068246</a> (hardcover). <a href="/wiki/Template:Winston,_1999" title="Template:Winston, 1999">Reference page</a>. </li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary/ru&oldid=9608402">https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikispecies:Glossary/ru&oldid=9608402</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikispecies/ru" title="Category:Wikispecies/ru">Wikispecies/ru</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 May 2024, at 15:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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