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A violent dispute erupted between migrant [[Uyghur people|Uyghur]]s and [[Han Chinese]] workers at a toy factory in [[Shaoguan]] as a result of false allegations of the [[sexual assault]] of a Han Chinese woman. Groups of Han Chinese set upon Uyghur co-workers, leading to at least two Uyghurs being violently killed by angry Han Chinese men (although other reports indicate a higher death toll),<ref>[http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/shaoguan-06292010110913.html Shaoguan, One Year On] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205050020/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/shaoguan-06292010110913.html |date=5 December 2019 }} Radio Free Asia, 29 June 2010</ref><ref>Watts, Jonathan (11 July 2009) [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/china-riots-uighurs-han-urumqi Old suspicions magnified mistrust into ethnic riots in Urumqi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130203009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/china-riots-uighurs-han-urumqi |date=30 November 2019 }}. ''The Guardian''</ref><ref>[http://uhrp.org/press-release/discrimination-mistreatment-and-coercion-uyghurs-face-severe-labor-rights-abuses-china Discrimination, Mistreatment and Coercion: Uyghurs Face Severe Labor Rights Abuses in China and East Turkestan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902072101/https://uhrp.org/press-release/discrimination-mistreatment-and-coercion-uyghurs-face-severe-labor-rights-abuses-china |date=2 September 2019 }} [[Uyghur Human Rights Project]]</ref> and some 118 people injured,<ref name=china090607>{{Cite news |url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/news/2009-06/27/content_18023576.htm |title=Han Chinese launch revenge attacks on Uighur property |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=27 June 2009 |access-date=9 July 2009 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175701/http://www.china.org.cn/china/news/2009-06/27/content_18023576.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> most of them Uyghurs.<ref>{{cite news |title=At a Factory, the Spark for China's Violence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html |work=The New York Times |date=15 July 2009 |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023205345/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html |url-status=live |last1=Jacobs |first1=Andrew }}</ref> The event was widely cited as the cause of the [[July 2009 Ürümqi riots]], which some believe began as a peaceful street protest demanding official action over the two Uyghurs who were killed in Shaoguan.<ref name=reut090705>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56500R20090706 |title=China calls Xinjiang riot a plot against its rule |work=Reuters |date=5 July 2009 |access-date=2 July 2017 |archive-date=27 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527015102/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE56500R20090706 |url-status=live }}</ref> Following trials in October 2009, one person was executed and several others sentenced to terms between life imprisonment and five to seven years. ==Background== The factory where the incident took place is the Xuri Toy Factory ({{lang-zh|s=旭日玩具厂|l=Early Light Toy Factory|links=no}}), owned by Hong Kong-based [[Early Light International (Holdings) Ltd.]], the largest toy manufacturer in the world.<ref name="nyt spark">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html |title=At a Factory, the Spark for China's Violence |first=Andrew |last=Jacobs |date=15 July 2009 |work=The New York Times |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023205345/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html |url-status=live }} [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html?pagewanted=2 Pg 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929184251/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/world/asia/16china.html?pagewanted=2 |date=29 September 2017 }}</ref> The company's Shaoguan factory in the [[Wujiang District, Shaoguan|Wujiang district]] employs some 16,000 workers.<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way">{{Cite news|title=Out of harm's way, but far from normality |work=South China Morning Post |date=13 September 2009 |first=Ivan |last=Zhai |page= A6}}</ref> At the behest of the Guangdong authorities, it hired 800 workers from [[Kashgar]], in [[Xinjiang]]<ref name="SCMP 13suspects">{{Cite news|title=Guangdong police detain 12 suspects over factory brawl |work=South China Morning Post |date=8 July 2009 |page= A4}}</ref> as part of an ethnic program which relocated 200,000 young Uyghurs since the start of 2008. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', most workers sign a one- to three-year contract then travel to factory dormitories in the south; in addition to their salaries ranging from 1,000 yuan to 1,400 yuan a month (which is higher than their local income) and many get free board and lodging. Most of these Uyghurs are away from home to work for the first time.<ref name=guardian20090710/> ''[[The New York Times]]'' quoted ''[[Xinjiang Daily]]'' saying in May that 70 percent of the young Uyghurs had "signed up for employment voluntarily." An official in charge of ethnic and religious affairs in Guangdong said that the province had hired Uyghurs, aged from 18 to 29, in May.<ref name=xinhua11675440>{{Cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/08/content_11675440.htm |title='Unintentional scream' triggered Xinjiang riot |agency=Xinhua News Agency |publisher=chinaview.cn |date=8 July 2009 |author=Zhou Yan, Wang Pan & Pan Ying |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109105113/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-07/08/content_11675440.htm |archive-date=9 January 2010 }}</ref> A small group of Uyghurs arrived on 2 May, and workers at the factory remarked that relations between the two groups deteriorated as the number of Uyghurs increased.<ref name=guardian20090710/> State media confirmed that all the workers were from [[Shufu County]].<ref name=chinadaily20091012/> [[China Labor Watch]] reported that workers at the Shaoguan factory, where the Uyghurs were employed, earned 28 yuan per day compared with 41.3 yuan in its factory in [[Shenzhen]]. They noted that rights of workers, Han and Uyghur alike, were frequently violated by verbal abuse from factory supervisors, unpaid overtime, poor dormitory conditions and illegal labor contracts.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://govitexpo.com/?q=node/1025883 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711120343/http://govitexpo.com/?q=node%2F1025883 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 July 2011 |title=Labor Violations Exacerbate Ethnic Tensions in South China |agency=Reuters |publisher=GovITExpo.com |date=6 July 2009 |access-date=18 November 2021 }}</ref> Li Qiang, executive director of China Labor Watch said that low pay, long hours and poor working conditions combined with the inability to communicate with their colleagues exacerbated the existing mistrust between the Han and Uyghurs.<ref name="nyt spark"/> ==Causes and events== Overnight on 25–26 June, tensions flared at the factory, leading to a full-blown ethnic brawl between Uyghurs and Han Chinese. As a result of the fighting, 2 Uyghurs were killed and 118 were injured,<ref name=bbc090630/> 16 of them seriously.<ref name=reuters20090626>{{Cite news |url=http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2009/06/ethnic-tensions-spark-brawl-at-china-factory-report/ |title=Ethnic tensions spark brawl at China factory: report |first=James |last=Pomfret |author2=Tarrant, W. |date=26 June 2009 |agency=Reuters |work=China Digital Times |access-date=8 April 2010 |archive-date=15 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915055846/http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2009/06/ethnic-tensions-spark-brawl-at-china-factory-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Of the injured, 79 were Uyghurs and 39 were Han.<ref>''Ming Pao'', 26 June 2009, as cited by Zona Europa</ref> 400 police<ref name=china090607/> and 50 anti-riot vehicles<ref name=apple20090627>{{Cite news |url=http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/template/apple/art_main.php?iss_id=20090627&sec_id=15335&subsec_id=15336&art_id=12924858 |title=港資廠爆漢維兩族衝突 – 女工被姦觸發 300人群毆 2死 118傷 (ethnic conflict at Hong Kong owned factory – rape of female worker sparks 300 in mass-beating 2 dead 118 injured) |work=Apple Daily |language=zh |date=27 June 2009 |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310221453/https://hk.appledaily.com/ |url-status=live }} [http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20090627_1.htm English translation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806021329/http://zonaeuropa.com/20090627_1.htm |date=6 August 2016 }} at Zona Europa</ref> were mobilized. Official sources state that the rioting began at around 2&nbsp;am,<ref>{{Cite news |work=China Daily |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-07/07/content_8385041.htm |title=Peace reigns at toy factory in Shaoguan |last=Liang |first=Qiwen |date=7 July 2009 |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-date=29 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129070803/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-07/07/content_8385041.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and there were reports that they lasted until at least 4:30&nbsp;am, when police arrived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20090627_1.htm |title=The Shaoguan Mass Incident |work=Zona Europa |date=July 2009 |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-date=6 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806021329/http://zonaeuropa.com/20090627_1.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> An initial disturbance was reported at around 11 pm when security guards responded to a call for help by a female worker who felt intimidated by several chanting male Uyghurs. Two dozen Han workers armed with batons and metal rods then responded; they called for backup using their phones.<ref name=guardian20090710>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/china-riots-uighurs-han-urumqi |title=Old suspicions magnified mistrust into ethnic riots in Urumqi |first=Jonathan |last=Watts |work=The Guardian |date=10 July 2009 |location=London |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-date=30 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130203009/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/10/china-riots-uighurs-han-urumqi |url-status=live }}</ref> Uyghurs maintained that the attacks started after the night shift at around 12:30&nbsp;am, when Han mobs stormed into Uyghur dormitories and started indiscriminate and unprovoked beatings.<ref name=FEER20090717>{{Cite web |url=http://www.feer.com/politics/2009/july58/Fear-Grips-Shaoguans-Uighurs |title=Fear Grips Shaoguan's Uighurs |first=Kathleen E. |last=McLaughlin |url-access=subscription |work=Far East Economic Review |date=17 July 2009 |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-date=7 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207010328/https://feer.com/politics/2009/july58/Fear-Grips-Shaoguans-Uighurs |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=rfa20090705>{{Cite news |url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/armedchinese-07042009104353.html |title=Armed Assailants Stormed Dorms |work=Radio Free Asia |date=5 July 2009 |access-date=26 September 2009 |archive-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050215/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/armedchinese-07042009104353.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Amateur videos posted online showed brutal attacks, and Han chasing Uyghurs through the dorm floors.<ref name=FEER20090717/> One man said that he saw that security had been overwhelmed by the arrival of outside gangs; he said it was common knowledge that the outsiders brought in machetes. Han and Uyghur witnesses interviewed by the foreign press thought the casualties had been understated by the authorities: a Han claimed to have killed seven or eight Uyghurs;<ref name=guardian20090710/> Uyghurs cited "merciless" assaults on those already in ambulances.<ref name=rfa20090705/> The rioting stopped soon after the police arrived.<ref name=rfa20090705/> A policeman explained their delay in arriving at the scene due to difficulties in assembling enough officers.<ref name=guardian20090710/> The two dead men were later named as Aximujiang Aimaiti and Sadikejiang Kaze, both from [[Xinjiang]].<ref name=chinadaily20091012>{{Cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-10/12/content_8777605.htm |title=Death for factory fight inciter |last=Hu |first=Yinan |work=China Daily |date=12 October 2009 |access-date=12 October 2009 |archive-date=28 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128223030/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-10/12/content_8777605.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Rape rumors=== The rioting was sparked by allegations of sexual assault on Han women by Uyghurs, and rumors of an incident in which two female Han workers were sexually assaulted by six Uyghur co-workers at the factory, according to [[Voice of America]].<ref name=voa090627>{{citation |url=http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/a-21-w2009-06-27-voa39-61367047.html |title=广东汉族维族工人械斗百多伤二亡 (two dead and 100+ injured in Guangdong Han-Uyghur conflict) |language=zh |last=浩祥 (Hau Xiang) |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=27 June 2009 |access-date=4 April 2010 |archive-date=16 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216111702/http://www1.voanews.com/chinese/news/a-21-w2009-06-27-voa39-61367047.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The authorities said that the rumors were false, and had been initiated by a disgruntled former co-worker.<ref name="nyt090705">{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Edward |date=5 July 2009 |title=Riots in Western China Amid Ethnic Tension |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/06/world/asia/06china.html?ref=global-home |url-status=live |access-date=5 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228024742/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/06/world/asia/06china.html?ref=global-home |archive-date=28 December 2013}}</ref><ref name=rfa-norape>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/ethnic-clash-06292009102144.html |title='No Rapes' in Riot Town |work=[[Radio Free Asia]] |date=29 June 2009 |access-date=8 July 2009 |archive-date=19 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119194445/http://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/ethnic-clash-06292009102144.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Xinhua said that a man surnamed Zhu "faked the information to express his discontent" over failing to find new work after quitting his job at the factory.<ref name=bbc090630>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8125693.stm |work=BBC News |title=Man held over China ethnic clash |date=30 June 2009 |access-date=10 July 2009 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602230657/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8125693.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Responses== Police said that their investigations found no evidence that a rape had taken place.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-07-07-voa6-68790522.html |title=Violence in Xinjiang Nothing New Says China Analyst |publisher=Voice of America |first=Victor |last=Beattie |date=8 July 2009 |access-date=4 April 2010 |archive-date=18 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218094720/http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-2009-07-07-voa6-68790522.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Shaoguan government spokesman Wang Qinxin, called it "a very ordinary incident," which he said had been exaggerated to foment unrest. ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that video of the riots and photographs of the victims were quickly circulated on the internet by Uyghur exile groups, along with claims that the death toll was under-reported and the police were slow to act; protests in [[Ürümqi]] were assembled by email.<ref name=guardian20090710/> ''Xinhua'' reported that Guangdong authorities had arrested two people who are suspected of having spread rumors online which alleged sexual assault of Han women had taken place. In addition, it reported on 7 July 2009 that 13 suspects had been taken into custody following the incident, of which three were Uyghurs from Xinjiang.<ref name="SCMP 13suspects"/><ref name=ce>{{Cite news |url=http://en.ce.cn/National/Local/200907/07/t20090707_19481048.shtml |title=15 detained over factory fight in Shaoguan |date=7 July 2009 |publisher=China Economic Net |access-date=30 September 2009 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065401/http://en.ce.cn/National/Local/200907/07/t20090707_19481048.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Xinhua quoted 23-year-old Huang Jiangyuan saying that he was angry at being turned down for a job in June at the toy factory, and thus posted an article at a forum on sg169.com on 16 June which alleged six Xinjiang men had raped two women at the Xuri Toy Factory; Huang Zhangsha, 19, was detained for writing on his online chat space on 28 June that eight Xinjiang people had died in the factory fight. Kang Zhijian, vice director with the Shaoguan [[Chinese public security bureau|public security bureau]], said that the offenders would face up to 15 days in administrative detention.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/content/2009-07/10/content_5352496.htm |title=Rumor-mongers express remorse over fabrications about factory brawl |publisher=newsgd.com |date=10 July 2009 |access-date=13 October 2009 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232121/http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/content/2009-07/10/content_5352496.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 July 2009, ''Xinhua'' released an interview with Huang Cuilian, the "Han girl" whose alleged rape triggered the disturbances. The 19-year-old trainee from rural Guangdong, who had worked at the factory less than two months, said: "I was lost and entered the wrong dormitory and screamed when I saw those Uyghur young men in the room... I just felt they were unfriendly so I turned and ran." She recounted how one of them stood up and stamped his feet as if to chase her. "I later realized that he was just making fun of me." She said she only found out hours later that she was the cause of the violence.<ref name=xinhua11675440/> Shaoguan authorities moved the Uyghur workers to temporary accommodation, and the workers were transferred on 7 July to another facility belonging to [[Early Light]],<ref name="SCMP 13suspects"/> 30&nbsp;km away in [[Gaoyao|Baitu town]].<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way"/> The Baitu factory is now reported to be a Uyghur enclave, with, sporting facilities, canteen serving Xinjiang food, a round-the-clock staff clinic, and plain-clothed police officers in their midst.<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/content/2009-07/23/content_5405353.htm |title=Better care to make Xinjiang workers feel at home: south China city official |publisher=newsgd.com |date=23 July 2009 |access-date=12 October 2009 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200447/http://www.newsgd.com/news/guangdong1/content/2009-07/23/content_5405353.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the ''[[South China Morning Post]]'', the [[Kashgar]] staff were apparently unable to mix with colleagues in their previous location because of the [[language barrier]] – a local shop worker estimated that less than one in three spoke [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]].<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way"/> Two months on, the ''South China Morning Post'' found few willing to talk about the events of the fateful night.<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way"/> The authorities' claims that 50 Uyghur workers were granted their [[repatriation]] requests following the violence are contested by Uyghur workers.<ref name=FEER20090717/> Abdukeyum Muhammat, deputy secretary of Xinjiang kanji Prefectural Committee of the [[Communist Party of China|Communist Party]], led a working team to Shaoguan on 27 June.<ref name=ce/> [[Zhou Yongkang]], [[Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China|Politburo Standing Committee]] member responsible for security, reportedly visited Shaoguan in early September 2009.<ref name="SCMP out of harm's way"/> On 5 August, Xinhua reported that Chinese police had arrested Kurban Khayum, a chef at an Arabic restaurant in Guangzhou who they claimed confessed to being an agent for the [[World Uyghur Congress|World Uygur Congress]] (WUC) and who allegedly spread rumors that were later used as a pretext to trigger the [[July 2009 Ürümqi riots|Ürümqi riots]] of 5 July. Xinhua alleged that he had fabricated a report that "the factory brawl had caused the death of 17 to 18 people, including three females," which he sent in an email to [[Rebiya Kadeer]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/05/content_11831205.htm |title=China police arrest man for spreading rumors to fan Urumqi violence |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=5 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809143311/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-08/05/content_11831205.htm |archive-date=9 August 2009 }}</ref> At a trial on 10 October at [[Intermediate people's court|Shaoguan Intermediate People's Court]], Xiao Jianhua was [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]] for being the "principal instigator" of the violence and Xu Qiqi was given a [[Life imprisonment|life sentence]] for [[manslaughter]]; three other people were sentenced to seven to eight years for [[assault]]. On the same day, the People's Court of [[Wujiang District, Suzhou|Wujiang District]], Shaoguan, jailed three more Han workers and three Uyghurs for participating in the brawl; they were sentenced to five to seven years imprisonment.<ref name=chinadaily20091012/><ref name=sentences>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/asia/12china.html?_r=1&ref=world | title=China Sets Sentences in Brawl Tied to Riot | last=Barboza | first=David | work=[[The New York Times]] | access-date=12 October 2009 | date=11 October 2009 | archive-date=18 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218191245/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/asia/12china.html?_r=1&ref=world | url-status=live }}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/20090706uyghur.htm China Labor Watch report on the incident] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010004338/http://www.chinalaborwatch.org/20090706uyghur.htm |date=10 October 2016 }} {{Xinjiang unrest}} {{21st century protests in the People's Republic of China}} {{China national security}} {{Portal bar|China|Society}} {{Good article}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shaoguan Incident}} [[Category:2009 in China|Xinjiang]] [[Category:2009 riots|Guangdong, China]] [[Category:Riots and civil disorder in China]] [[Category:Guangdong]] [[Category:Ethnic riots]] [[Category:Xinjiang conflict]] [[Category:June 2009 events in China]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:21st-century_unrest_in_China" title="Template:21st-century unrest in China">Template:21st-century unrest in China</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:21st-century_unrest_in_China&action=edit" title="Template:21st-century unrest in 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