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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_traces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early traces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_traces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_and_John_Knox" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_and_John_Knox"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Establishment and John Knox</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_and_John_Knox-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Wars of the Three Kingdoms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The Restoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_of_the_church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_of_the_church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Independence of the church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_of_the_church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology_and_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology_and_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theology and practice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Theology_and_practice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Theology and practice subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Theology_and_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecumenical_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecumenical_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ecumenical relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecumenical_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"God's_Invitation"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"God's_Invitation""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>"God's Invitation"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"God's_Invitation"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_political_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_political_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Social and political issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_and_political_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Social and political issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Social_and_political_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Women's_ordination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_ordination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Women's ordination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_ordination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abortion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abortion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Abortion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abortion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Euthanasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Euthanasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Euthanasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euthanasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_punishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_punishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Capital punishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_punishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divorce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divorce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Divorce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divorce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Position_in_Scottish_society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position_in_Scottish_society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Position in Scottish society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position_in_Scottish_society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance and administration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance and administration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Courts_and_assemblies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts_and_assemblies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Courts and assemblies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts_and_assemblies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Youth_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Youth_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>National Youth Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Youth_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Moderator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_General_Assembly_Bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_General_Assembly_Bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>National General Assembly Bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_General_Assembly_Bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Church offices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bodies_to_which_the_Church_of_Scotland_is_affiliated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bodies_to_which_the_Church_of_Scotland_is_affiliated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bodies to which the Church of Scotland is affiliated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bodies_to_which_the_Church_of_Scotland_is_affiliated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of Scotland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerk_van_Skotland" title="Kerk van Skotland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kerk van Skotland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilesia_d%27Escocia" title="Ilesia d'Escocia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ilesia d'Escocia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%CD%98-kat-l%C3%A2n_K%C3%A0u-h%C5%8De" title="So͘-kat-lân Kàu-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="So͘-kat-lân Kàu-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_d%27Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Església d'Escòcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Església d'Escòcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skotsk%C3%A1_c%C3%ADrkev" title="Skotská církev – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Skotská církev" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglwys_yr_Alban" title="Eglwys yr Alban – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eglwys yr Alban" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Church of Scotland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%BA%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Εκκλησία της Σκωτίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκκλησία της Σκωτίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_de_Escocia" title="Iglesia de Escocia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Iglesia de Escocia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eklezio_de_Skotlando" title="Eklezio de Skotlando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eklezio de Skotlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskoziako_Eliza" title="Eskoziako Eliza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskoziako Eliza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="کلیسای اسکاتلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای اسکاتلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_d%27%C3%89cosse" title="Église d'Écosse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église d'Écosse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaglais_na_h-Alba" title="Eaglais na h-Alba – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eaglais na h-Alba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8B%80%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EA%B5%90%ED%9A%8C" title="스코틀랜드 교회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스코틀랜드 교회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="स्कॉटलैंड का कलीसिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्कॉटलैंड का कलीसिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Skotlandia" title="Gereja Skotlandia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gereja Skotlandia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_di_Scozia" title="Chiesa di Scozia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa di Scozia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="הכנסייה של סקוטלנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכנסייה של סקוטלנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eglesa_de_Scotland" title="Eglesa de Scotland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Eglesa de Scotland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerk_van_Schotland" title="Kerk van Schotland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kerk van Schotland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="スコットランド国教会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコットランド国教会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_skotske_kirke" title="Den skotske kirke – 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Church_of_Scotland&params=55_56_59_N_3_11_42_W_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°56′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°11′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.94972°N 3.19500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.94972; -3.19500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">National church of Scotland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Kirk" redirects here. For the term, see <a href="/wiki/Kirk" title="Kirk">kirk</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kirk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kirk (disambiguation)">kirk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Church of Scotland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname"><b>Kirk o Scotland</b></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Church_of_Scotland.svg/125px-Church_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Church_of_Scotland.svg/188px-Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4d/Church_of_Scotland.svg/250px-Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="355" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Motto:</b> "<span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">Nec tamen consumebatur</span></span>"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">"<a href="/wiki/Burning_bush" title="Burning bush">Yet it was not consumed</a>"</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data">CoS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">Communion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Orientation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">Presbyterian</a><sup id="cite_ref-NimmoFergusson2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NimmoFergusson2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Governance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Moderator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Paterson" title="Shaw Paterson">Shaw Paterson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Lord High Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Associations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Together_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Churches Together in Britain and Ireland">Churches Together in Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" title="Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe">Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_European_Churches" title="Conference of European Churches">Conference of European Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Territory</th><td class="infobox-data">Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1560 (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament" title="Scottish Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a>) <br />464 years ago</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Independence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Act_1921" title="Church of Scotland Act 1921">28 July 1921</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Absorbed</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> <small>(incorporated 1929)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Separations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a> <span class="nowrap"><small>(definitive separation<span class="wrap"> </span> 1689)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a> <small>(1843)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Congregations</th><td class="infobox-data">1,136 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>259,200 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://churchofscotland.org.uk">churchofscotland<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Church of Scotland</b> (<b>CoS</b>; <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>: <i lang="sco">The Kirk o Scotland</i>; <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Eaglais na h-Alba</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> denomination of Christianity that holds the status of the <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. It is one of the country's largest, having 259,200 members in 2023. While active membership in the church has declined significantly in recent decades (in 1982 it had nearly 920,000 members),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the government Scottish Household Survey found that 20% of the Scottish population, or over one million people, identified the Church of Scotland as their religious identity in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Scotland's governing system is <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">presbyterian</a> in its approach, therefore, no one individual or group within the church has more or less influence over church matters. There is no one person who acts as the head of faith, as the church believes that role is the "Lord God's". As a <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper noun</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kirk" title="Kirk">the Kirk</a></i> is an informal name for the Church of Scotland used in the media and by the church itself.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Church of Scotland was principally shaped by <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation of 1560</a> when it split from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and established itself as a church in the Reformed tradition. The church belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> tradition of <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed Christianity</a> (Calvinism), having no head of faith or leadership group and believing that God invited the church's adherents to worship <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. </p><p>The Church of Scotland celebrates two <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Supper_in_Reformed_theology" title="Lord's Supper in Reformed theology">Lord's Supper</a>, as well as five other <a href="/wiki/Rite_(Christianity)" title="Rite (Christianity)">ordinances</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Matrimony</a>. The church adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a> and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>. The annual meeting of the church's general assembly is chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Christianity in Medieval Scotland">Christianity in Medieval Scotland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Knox_statue,_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg/170px-John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg/255px-John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg/340px-John_Knox_statue%2C_New_College_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, who in 1559 returned from ministering in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> to lead the Reformation in Scotland.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_traces">Early traces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early traces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to traditional Scottish historiography, the first Christians in Scotland were converted by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ninian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ninian">Saint Ninian</a> around 400 AD. Early Christian missionaries included <a href="/wiki/Saint_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Columba">Saint Columba</a>, who founded a mission at <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> two centuries later. In 1192, the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a> <a href="/wiki/Cum_universi" title="Cum universi">Cum universi</a> separated the Scottish church from the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of York">Archbishopric of York</a>, creating an independent national church with no higher authority except the Pope.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_and_John_Knox">Establishment and John Knox</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Establishment and John Knox"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland, in its current form, traces its origins to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Scottish Reformation</a> of 1560. At that point, many in the then church in Scotland broke with Rome in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, which Knox had been exposed to while living in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An assembly of some nobles, <a href="/wiki/Laird" title="Laird">lairds</a>, and burgesses, as well as several churchmen, claiming in defiance of the Queen to be a Scottish Parliament, abolished papal jurisdiction and approved the <i><a href="/wiki/Scots_Confession" title="Scots Confession">Scots Confession</a></i>, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's <i><a href="/wiki/First_Book_of_Discipline" class="mw-redirect" title="First Book of Discipline">First Book of Discipline</a></i>, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation#Reformation_Settlement_of_1560" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation Settlement</a> was not ratified by the crown, as <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary I</a>, a Catholic, refused to do so, and the question of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">church government</a> also remained unresolved. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1572, the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young <a href="/wiki/James_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI">James VI</a>, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents' which is a translation of the Greek; but in response to the new Concordat, a Presbyterian party emerged headed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Melville" title="Andrew Melville">Andrew Melville</a>, the author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Book_of_Discipline" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Book of Discipline">Second Book of Discipline</a></i>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Melville and his supporters enjoyed some temporary successes—most notably in the Golden Act of 1592, which gave parliamentary approval to Presbyterian courts. James VI, however, believed that <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity" title="Presbyterian polity">presbyterianism</a> was incompatible with monarchy, declaring "No bishop, no king".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By skillful manipulation of both church and state, steadily reintroduced parliamentary and then diocesan <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">episcopacy</a>; this approximately mirrored the structure of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, of which James had become <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor</a> when he <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">succeeded to the English throne in 1603</a>. By the time he died in 1625, the Church of Scotland had a full panel of bishops and archbishops. General Assemblies met only at times and places approved by the Crown. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wars of the Three Kingdoms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg/500px-Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg/750px-Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg/1000px-Reformed_Scots_Church_Denominations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="994" /></a><figcaption> Timeline of the evolution of the churches of Scotland from the Reformation</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> inherited a settlement in Scotland based on a balanced compromise between Calvinist doctrine and episcopal practice. Lacking his father's political judgment, he began to upset this by moving into more dangerous areas. Disapproving of the 'plainness' of the Scottish service, he, together with his <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, sought to introduce the kind of liturgical practice in use in England. The centrepiece of this new strategy was the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Prayer_Book_(1637)" title="Scottish Prayer Book (1637)"><i>Scottish Prayer Book</i> of 1637</a>, a slightly modified version of the Anglican <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i>. Although a panel of Scottish bishops devised this, Charles's insistence that it be drawn up secretly and adopted sight unseen led to widespread discontent. When the Prayer Book was finally introduced at <a href="/wiki/St_Giles_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St Giles Cathedral">St Giles Cathedral</a> in Edinburgh in mid-1637, it caused an outbreak of rioting, which, starting with <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Geddes" title="Jenny Geddes">Jenny Geddes</a>, spread across Scotland. In early 1638, the <a href="/wiki/National_Covenant" title="National Covenant">National Covenant</a> was signed by large numbers of Scots, protesting the introduction of the Prayer Book and other liturgical innovations that had not first been tested and approved by free Parliaments and General Assemblies of the Church. In November 1638, the General Assembly in Glasgow, the first to meet for twenty years, not only declared the Prayer Book unlawful but went on to abolish the office of bishop itself. The Church of Scotland was then established on a Presbyterian basis. Charles' attempt to resist these developments led to the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">Bishops' Wars</a>. In the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms"> civil wars</a>, the Scots <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Covenanters</a> at one point made common cause with the English parliamentarians—resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a> being agreed by both. This document remains the <a href="/wiki/Subordinate_standard" title="Subordinate standard">subordinate standard</a> of the Church of Scotland but was replaced in England after the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">Restoration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Restoration">The Restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Episcopacy was reintroduced to Scotland after the Restoration, which caused considerable discontent, especially in the country's southwest, where the Presbyterian tradition was strongest. The modern situation largely dates from 1690, when after the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>, the majority of Scottish bishops were <a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">non-jurors</a>; that is, they believed they could not swear allegiance to <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II of England</a> while <a href="/wiki/James_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="James VII">James VII</a> lived. To reduce their influence, the Scots Parliament guaranteed Presbyterian governance of the church by law, excluding what became the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a>. Most of the remaining Covenanters disagreed with the Restoration Settlement on various political and theological grounds, most notably because the Settlement did not acknowledge the National Covenant and Solemn League and Covenant, also did not join the Church of Scotland, instead forming the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> in 1690.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_of_the_church">Independence of the church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Independence of the church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/190px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/285px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg/380px-NecTamenConsumebatur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption>Stained glass showing the burning bush and the motto "nec tamen consumebatur", <a href="/wiki/St._Mungo%27s_Cathedral,_Glasgow" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mungo's Cathedral, Glasgow">St. Mungo's Cathedral, Glasgow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Controversy still surrounded the relationship between the Church of Scotland's independence and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> of Scotland. The interference of civil courts with church decisions, particularly over the appointment of ministers, following the <a href="/wiki/Church_Patronage_(Scotland)_Act_1711" title="Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711">Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711</a>, which gave landowners, or patrons, the right to appoint ministers to vacant pulpits, would lead to several splits. This began with the <a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">secession of 1733</a> and culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Disruption of 1843</a> when a large portion of the church broke away to form the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>. The seceding groups tended to divide and reunite among themselves—leading to a proliferation of Presbyterian denominations in Scotland, as is demonstrated in the timeline above.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Act_1921" title="Church of Scotland Act 1921">Church of Scotland Act 1921</a>, finally recognising the complete independence of the church in matters spiritual, and as a result of this, and passage of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland_(Property_and_Endowments)_Act_1925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of Scotland (Property and Endowments) Act 1925 (page does not exist)">Church of Scotland (Property and Endowments) Act 1925</a> (<a href="/wiki/15_%26_16_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="15 & 16 Geo. 5">15 & 16 Geo. 5</a>. c. 33), the church was able to unite with the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> in 1929. The United Free Church of Scotland was itself the product of the union of the former <a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Presbyterian Church of Scotland">United Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> and the majority of the Free Church of Scotland in 1900.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 1929 assembly of church leaders to effect the Union of that year met at Industrial Hall on Annandale Street in north Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some independent Scottish Presbyterian denominations still remain. These include the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(post-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (post-1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>—sometimes given the epithet <a href="/wiki/Wee_Free" title="Wee Free">The Wee Frees</a>—(originally formed of those congregations which refused to unite with the <a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Presbyterian Church of Scotland">United Presbyterian Church</a> in 1900), the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> (formed of congregations which refused to unite with the Church of Scotland in 1929), the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a> (which broke from the Free Church of Scotland in 1893), the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a> (which emerged as a result of a split in the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland in the 1980s) and the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a> (which emerged from a split in the Free Church of Scotland in 2000).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The motto of the Church of Scotland is <i>nec tamen consumebatur</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin (language)">Latin</a>)—"Yet it was not consumed", an allusion to Exodus 3:2 and the <a href="/wiki/Burning_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Burning Bush">Burning Bush</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2023, the Church of Scotland published a report which detailed its connections to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>. It noted that from 1707 to the 1830s, Church of Scotland <a href="/wiki/Ministers_and_elders_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Ministers and elders of the Church of Scotland">ministers and elders</a> inherited wealth from familial relatives which were made on West Indian <a href="/wiki/Slave_plantation" title="Slave plantation">slave plantations</a> and numerous church buildings (including <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">Glasgow Cathedral</a>) contain memorials to and accepted donations from individuals who profited from slavery. The report also noted that enslaved Black people were used to build Church of Scotland churches in the West Indies, and the church distributed money made from slavery to Scottish parishes to fund philanthropic efforts that assisted Scotland's poor. It ended by recommending to the General Assembly that "a statement of acknowledgment and apology should be brought to a future General Assembly and a dedicated page about the Church’s connections to the slave trade should be created for its website."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, the Church of Scotland paid £1 million in damages to three siblings who had been abused at the Lord and Lady Polwarth children's home.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology_and_practice">Theology and practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Theology and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iona_Abbey,_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg/190px-Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg/285px-Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg/380px-Iona_Abbey%2C_Entrance_and_St_John%27s_Cross._-_geograph.org.uk_-_113441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Iona_Abbey" title="Iona Abbey">Iona Abbey</a> in Scotland was founded by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Columba">Saint Columba</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The basis of faith for the Church of Scotland is the <i>Word of God</i>, which it views as being "contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament". Its principal subordinate standard is <i><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">The Westminster Confession of Faith</a></i> (1647), although here liberty of opinion is granted on those matters "which do not enter into the substance of the faith" (Art. 2 and 5).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The 19th century Scottish distinction was between '<a href="/wiki/Evangelicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelicals">evangelicals</a>' and '<a href="/wiki/Moderate_Party_(Scotland)" title="Moderate Party (Scotland)">moderates</a>'.) There is no official document in which substantial matters and insubstantial ones are clearly demarcated.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Church of Scotland has no compulsory <a href="/wiki/Prayer_book" title="Prayer book">prayer book</a>, although it does have a <a href="/wiki/Hymnbooks_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland">hymn book</a> (the 4th edition was published in 2005). Its <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Order" title="Book of Common Order">Book of Common Order</a></i> contains recommendations for public worship, which are usually followed fairly closely in the case of sacraments and ordinances. Preaching is the central focus of most services. Traditionally, Scots worship centred on the singing of <a href="/wiki/Metrical_psalter" title="Metrical psalter">metrical psalms</a> and paraphrases, but for generations these have been supplemented with <a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian music</a> of all types.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowden2005_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowden2005-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typical Church of Scotland service lasts about an hour. There is normally no sung or responsive liturgy, but worship is the responsibility of the minister in each parish, and the style of worship can vary and be quite experimental. In recent years, a variety of modern song books have been widely used to appeal more to contemporary trends in music, and elements from alternative liturgies including those of the <a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a> are incorporated in some congregations. Although traditionally worship is conducted by the parish minister, participation and leadership by members who are not ministers in services is becoming more frequent, especially in the Highlands and the Borders. </p><p>In common with other <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> denominations, the church recognises two <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a>: <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> and Holy Communion (the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Lord's Supper</a>). The church baptises both believing adults and the children of Christian families. Communion in the Church of Scotland today is open to Christians of whatever denomination, without precondition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> If baptised as an infant, one is expected to make the public profession of faith as part of a <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a> ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communion services are usually taken fairly seriously in the church; traditionally, a congregation held only three or four per year, although practice now greatly varies between congregations. In some congregations, communion is celebrated once a month. </p><p>Theologically, the Church of Scotland is Reformed (ultimately in the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> tradition) and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Alliance of Reformed Churches">World Alliance of Reformed Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WCRC2018_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCRC2018-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecumenical_relations">Ecumenical relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecumenical relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland is a member of ACTS (<a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a>) and, through its Committee on Ecumenical Relations, works closely with other denominations in Scotland. The present inter-denominational co-operation marks a distinct change from attitudes in certain quarters of the church in the early twentieth century and before, when opposition to Irish Roman Catholic immigration was vocal (see <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Scotland">Catholicism in Scotland</a>). The Church of Scotland is a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_European_Churches" title="Conference of European Churches">Conference of European Churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Protestant Churches in Europe">Community of Protestant Churches in Europe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>. The Church of Scotland is a member of <a href="/wiki/Churches_Together_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Churches Together in Britain and Ireland">Churches Together in Britain and Ireland</a> and, through its Presbytery of England, is a member of <a href="/wiki/Churches_Together_in_England" title="Churches Together in England">Churches Together in England</a>. The Church of Scotland continues to foster relationships with other Presbyterian denominations in Scotland even where agreement is difficult.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In May 2016 the Church of Scotland ratified the Columba Agreement (approved by the Church of England's General Synod in February 2016), calling for the two churches to work more closely together on matters of common interest.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the Church of Scotland and the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Conference_of_Scotland" title="Bishops' Conference of Scotland">Catholic Bishops Conference of Scotland</a> agreed a declaration of friendship between the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""God's_Invitation""><span id=".22God.27s_Invitation.22"></span>"God's Invitation"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: "God's Invitation""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the Bible is the basis of faith of the Church of Scotland, and the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a> is the subordinate standard,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a request was presented to a General Assembly of the Church of Scotland for a statement explaining the historic Christian faith in <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a>-free non-theological language. "God's Invitation" was prepared to fulfil that request. The full statement reads:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">God made</a> the world and all its creatures with men and women made in <a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">His image</a>. </p><p>By <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">breaking His laws</a> people have broken contact with God, and damaged His good world. This we see and sense in the world and in ourselves. </p><p>The Bible tells us the <a href="/wiki/Good_news_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good news (Christianity)">Good News</a> that God still loves us and has shown His love uniquely in <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">His Son</a>, Jesus Christ. He <a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">lived among us</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">died on the cross</a> to <a href="/wiki/Atonement_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Atonement in Christianity">save us from our sin</a>. But God <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">raised Him from the dead</a>! </p><p>In His love, this living Jesus invites us to <a href="/wiki/Repentance_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repentance (Christianity)">turn from our sins</a> and enter by <a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Christianity" title="Faith in Christianity">faith</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(theology)" title="Reconciliation (theology)">restored relationship</a> with God Who gives true <a href="/wiki/Abundant_life" title="Abundant life">life before</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eternal_life_(Christianity)" title="Eternal life (Christianity)">beyond death</a>. </p><p>Then, with the power of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> remaking us like Jesus, we—with all Christians—<a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">worship</a> God, enjoy His friendship and are available for Him to use in sharing and <a href="/wiki/Good_works" title="Good works">showing</a> His love, justice, and <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of God">peace</a> locally and globally until <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Jesus returns</a>! </p><p>In Jesus' name we gladly share with you God's message for all people—You matter to God! </p> </blockquote> <p>It was approved for use by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in May 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_and_political_issues">Social and political issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Social and political issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_logo_of_the_CoS.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Old_logo_of_the_CoS.png/170px-Old_logo_of_the_CoS.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/Old_logo_of_the_CoS.png 1.5x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Older rectangular logo of the Church of Scotland.</figcaption></figure> <p>The national church has never shied from involvement in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish politics">Scottish politics</a>. In 1919, the General Assembly created a Church and Nation Committee, which in 2005 became the <a href="/wiki/Church_and_Society_Council" title="Church and Society Council">Church and Society Council</a>, and in 2019 merged with the World Mission Council to create the Faith Impact Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church of Scotland is a firm opponent of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weaponry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporting <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a>, it was one of the parties involved in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Constitutional_Convention" title="Scottish Constitutional Convention">Scottish Constitutional Convention</a>, which resulted in the setting up of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> in 1997. Indeed, from 1999 to 2004 the Parliament met in the church's <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a> in Edinburgh, while its own building was being constructed. The Church of Scotland supports the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a> in Edinburgh,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an ecumenical partnership which is staffed and resourced by the Church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_ordination"><span id="Women.27s_ordination"></span>Women's ordination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Women's ordination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Ordination of women in the Church of Scotland">Ordination of women in the Church of Scotland</a></div> <p>Since 1968, all ministries and offices in the church have been open to women and men on an equal basis. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Alison_Elliot" title="Alison Elliot">Alison Elliot</a> was chosen to be Moderator of the General Assembly, the first woman in the post and the first non-minister to be chosen since <a href="/wiki/George_Buchanan_(humanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Buchanan (humanist)">George Buchanan</a>, four centuries before. In May 2007 <a href="/wiki/Sheilagh_M._Kesting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheilagh M. Kesting">Sheilagh M. Kesting</a> became the first female minister to be Moderator. There are currently 218 serving female ministers, with 677 male ministers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Homosexuality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland allows its clergy to enter into same-sex marriages and civil partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2022, the General Assembly voted in favour of permitting the church's clergy to conduct same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2009, there was opposition to an attempt to install as minister an openly homosexual man who intended to live with his partner once appointed to his post.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a landmark decision on 23 May 2009 the General Assembly (GA) ratified by 326 to 267 the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Scott_Rennie" title="Scott Rennie">Scott Rennie</a>, the church's first out, non-celibate gay minister. Rennie had won the overwhelming support of his prospective church members at Queen's Cross, Aberdeen, but his appointment was in some doubt until extensive debate and this vote by the commissioners to the assembly. The GA later agreed upon a moratorium on the appointment of further non-celibate gay people until after a special commission has reported on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_clergy_in_Christianity" title="LGBT clergy in Christianity">LGBT clergy in Christianity</a>.) </p><p>As a result of these developments, a new grouping of congregations within the church was begun "to declare their clear commitment to historic Christian orthodoxy", known as the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Confessing_Churches" title="Fellowship of Confessing Churches">Fellowship of Confessing Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2011, the GA of the Church of Scotland voted to appoint a theological commission with a view to fully investigating the matter, reporting to the General Assembly of 2013. Meanwhile, openly homosexual ministers ordained before 2009 would be allowed to keep their posts without fear of sanction.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 May 2013, the GA voted in favour of a proposal that allowed liberal parishes to opt out of the church's policy on homosexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2008, 25 out of 808 (3%) ministers had left over the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported that seceding congregations had a combined annual income of £1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the Church of Scotland's GA voted in favour of recommending that gay ministers be able to enter into same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and allowing pastors to enter in same-sex civil partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 May 2016, the GA voted in favour of the approval for gay and lesbian ministers to enter into same-sex marriages.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, there was a report to be debated at the church's General Assembly in May that proposed "having a church committee research allowing nominated ministers and deacons to carry out the ceremonies, but...to retain the ability for 'contentious refusal' from those opposed to same-sex marriage."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Theological Forum report calling for the approval of same-sex marriage, and an apology to homosexuals for past mistreatment was approved by the General Assembly on 25 May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, the church's assembly voted in favour of drafting a new church law to allow same-sex marriages<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to give ministers the option of performing same-sex marriages. The church was expected to vote on a final poll in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, after being considered at a GA in May 2021, a draft plan might still be being considered by commissioners prior to being shared with all presbyteries for their consideration under the Church of Scotland's Barrier Act 1697 and being brought back to a future General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 May 2022 the GA voted in favour of same-sex marriage with 274 for and 136 against. Clergy will be allowed to conduct the marriages but will not be forced to.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many church congregations and clergy affirm the full inclusion of transgender and other LGBTI people within the church through <a href="/wiki/Affirmation_Scotland" title="Affirmation Scotland">Affirmation Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"><span id="Israeli.E2.80.93Palestinian_conflict"></span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2013, the church published a report entitled "The Inheritance of Abraham: A Report on the 'Promised' Land" which included a discussion of Israeli and Jewish claims to the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>. The report said "there has been a widespread assumption by many Christians as well as many Jewish people that the Bible supports an essentially Jewish state of Israel. This raises an increasing number of difficulties and current Israeli policies regarding the Palestinians have sharpened this questioning", and that "promises about the Land of Israel were never intended to be taken literally". The church responded to criticism by saying that "The Church has never and is not now denying Israel's right to exist; on the contrary, it is questioning the policies that continue to keep peace a dream in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. This report is against the injustices levelled against the Palestinian people and how land is shared. It is also a reflection of the use or misuse of scripture to claim divine right to land by any group" and says it must "refute claims that scripture offers any peoples a privileged claim for possession of a particular territory".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Jewish_Communities" title="Scottish Council of Jewish Communities">Scottish Council of Jewish Communities</a> sharply criticised the report,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing it as follows: "It reads like an Inquisition-era polemic against Jews and Judaism. It is biased, weak on sources, and contradictory. The picture it paints of both Judaism and Israel is barely even a caricature. The arrogance of telling the Jewish people how to interpret Jewish texts and Jewish theology is breathtaking."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report was also criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> and the Israeli envoy to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to criticism, the church quickly replaced the original version with a modified one, stating that criticism of Israel's policies toward the Palestinians "should not be misunderstood as questioning the right of the State of Israel to exist".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abortion">Abortion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Abortion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland is <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-abortion">anti-abortion</a>, stating that it should be allowed "only on grounds that the continuance of the pregnancy would involve serious risk to the life or grave injury to the health, whether physical or mental, of the pregnant woman."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Euthanasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland also opposes <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a>: "The General Assembly has consistently stated that: 'the Christian recognises no right to dispose of his own life even although he may regard those who commit or may attempt to commit suicide with compassion and understanding rather than condemnation'. The church has frequently stressed its opposition to various attempts to introduce legislation to permit euthanasia, even under strictly controlled circumstances as incompatible with Christianity." The church is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Care_Not_Killing" title="Care Not Killing">Care Not Killing</a> organisation in "Promoting more and better palliative care./ Ensuring that existing laws against euthanasia and assisted suicide are not weakened or repealed during the lifetime of the current Parliament./ Influencing the balance of public opinion further against any weakening of the law."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_punishment">Capital punishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Capital punishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the Church of Scotland supported the death penalty; the General Assembly once called for the "vigorous execution" of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aikenhead" title="Thomas Aikenhead">Thomas Aikenhead</a>, who was found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> in 1696.<sup id="cite_ref-Hill_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nowadays, the church strongly disapproves of the death penalty: "The Church of Scotland affirms that capital punishment is always and wholly unacceptable and does not provide an answer even to the most heinous of crimes. It commits itself to working with other churches and agencies to advance this understanding, oppose death sentences and executions and promote the cause of abolition of the death penalty worldwide."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divorce">Divorce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church of Scotland does not consider marriage to be a sacrament, and thus not binding forever, and has no moral objection to the remarriage of divorced persons. The minister who is asked to perform a ceremony for someone who has a prior spouse living may inquire for the purpose of ensuring that the problems which led to the divorce do not recur.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_in_Scottish_society">Position in Scottish society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Position in Scottish society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical Population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,146,251</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">2011</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,717,871</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census#2022_census_for_Scotland" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2022</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,107,796</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−35.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><i>Religious Affiliation was not recorded in the census prior to 2001.</i><br />Source: National Records of Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-2022census_Scot_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022census_Scot-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_census" title="2001 United Kingdom census">2001 census</a>, the number of respondents who gave their religion as Church of Scotland was 2,146,251 which amounted to 42.4% of the population of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-scotland2001_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the Church of Scotland had around 995 active <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of religion">ministers</a>, 1,118 <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congregation" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:congregation">congregations</a>, and its official membership at 398,389 comprised about 7.5% of the population of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-scotsman.com_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotsman.com-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official membership is down some 66.5% from its peak in 1957 of 1.32 million.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2011 national census, 32% of Scots identified their religion as "Church of Scotland", more than any other faith group, but falling behind the total of those without religion for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-scotland2001_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scotland2001-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, by 2013 only 18% of Scots self-identified as Church of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though according to the 2014 Scottish Annual Household Survey, 27.8%, or 1.5 million adherents, identified the Church of Scotland as the church of their religion.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, according to the Scottish Household Survey, 20% of Scots self-reported themselves as adherents of the Church of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Guild" title="Church of Scotland Guild">Church of Scotland Guild</a>, the church's historical women's movement and open to men and women since 1997, is still the largest voluntary organisation in Scotland. </p><p>According to the 2011 census, among respondents who identified with the church, 96% were white Scots, 3% were other white people, and 1% were from other ethnic groups; this broadly reflects Scotland's demographic make-up.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although it is the national church,<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is not a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state church</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this and other regards makes it dissimilar to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> (the established church in England).<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under its constitution (recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Act_1921" title="Church of Scotland Act 1921">1921 act of the British Parliament</a>), the church enjoys complete independence from the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> in spiritual matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/British_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="British monarchy">British monarch</a> simply attends church, as opposed to their role in the English Church as <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch's accession oath includes a promise to "maintain and preserve the Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Government".<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are formally represented at the annual <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Lord High Commissioner</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unless they choose to attend in person; the role is purely formal, and the monarch has no right to take part in deliberations.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirk&State_69-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirk&State-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church is committed to its 'distinctive call and duty to bring the ordinances of religion to the people in every parish of Scotland through a territorial ministry' (Article 3 of its <i><a href="/wiki/Articles_Declaratory_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Articles Declaratory of the Constitution of the Church of Scotland">Articles Declaratory</a></i>). The church played a leading role in providing <a href="/wiki/Universal_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal education">universal</a> <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">education in Scotland</a> (the first such provision in the modern world), largely due to its teaching that all should be able to read the Bible. However, it ceased operating its schools, which were transferred to the state, in the latter half of the 19th century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Church of Scotland faces many current difficulties. Between 1966 and 2006, the number of members fell from over 1,230,000 to 504,000,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reducing further to 446,000 in 2010<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 380,164 by 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 336,000 by 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 325,695 by 2018, representing about 6% of the Scottish population.<sup id="cite_ref-COUNCIL_OF_ASSEMBLY_MAY_2019_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COUNCIL_OF_ASSEMBLY_MAY_2019-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Scottish Church Census of 2016 reported that just under 137,000 people worshipped on an average Sunday in a Church of Scotland, approximately 41% of the stated membership.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to the 2024 Assembly Trustees Report, only 61,580 were attending an average Sunday worship service in person during 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016 the church faced a £5.7 million deficit amid costly upkeep of many older ecclesiastical buildings. In response the church decided to 'prune to grow', reducing ministry provision plans from 1,234 to 1,000 funded posts (1,075 established FTE posts, of which 75 would be vacant at any one time) supported by a variety of voluntary and part-time ministries. At the same time the number of candidates accepted for full-time ministry has reduced from 24 (2005) to 8 (2009).<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2014, the number of full-time candidates accepted into training each year has been in the range of 13 to 16. At the 2016 General Assembly the Moderator pointed to issues such as: 25% of charges without a minister; all but two ministers over the age of 30; falling clergy numbers over the coming six years (anticipated that for each newly recruited minister there will be four retirements).<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2021 membership was continuing to decline year on year,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to a new plan "without which the church would not survive." The proposal reduced the number of ministry posts by 40%; to 660 of which 60 would be vacant at any one time, and was said to offer the church a chance to thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 2022 the Church had 270,300 members, a 4.7% decline from 2021, and representing an overall decline of 35% since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This lack of those in training towards ministry has threatened the viability of the church's theological training colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 2019 General Assembly, the Ministries Council announced that they were looking to reduce the number of Academic Partners who train current ministry students from five, to either one or two. The five current academic partners are <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">University of Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Aberdeen" title="University of Aberdeen">University of Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a> and, most recently, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Theological_College" title="Highland Theological College">Highland Theological College</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_administration">Governance and administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Governance and administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Church of Scotland</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_Scotland_parishes" title="List of Church of Scotland parishes">List of Church of Scotland parishes</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_Scotland_synods_and_presbyteries" title="List of Church of Scotland synods and presbyteries">List of Church of Scotland synods and presbyteries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_church_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian church governance">Presbyterian church governance</a></div><p>The Church of Scotland is <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> in polity and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed tradition">Reformed</a> in theology. The most recent articulation of its legal position, the <i><a href="/wiki/Articles_Declaratory_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Articles Declaratory of the Constitution of the Church of Scotland">Articles Declaratory</a></i> (1921), spells out the key concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts_and_assemblies">Courts and assemblies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Courts and assemblies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a Presbyterian church, the church has no bishops but is rather governed by elders and ministers (collectively called presbyters) sitting in a series of courts. Each congregation is led by a <a href="/wiki/Session_(Presbyterianism)" title="Session (Presbyterianism)">Session</a>. The Sessions in turn are answerable to regional <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_polity#Presbytery" title="Presbyterian polity">presbyteries</a> (of which the church currently has 14). The supreme body is the annual <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a>, which meets each May in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>. Until the mid 1990's, the Church of Scotland also had Synods, representing a layer of governance between Presbyteries and the General Assembly. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Youth_Assembly">National Youth Assembly</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: National Youth Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>National Youth Assembly</b>, often shortened to NYA, was an annual gathering of young people aged between 17 and 25 years old within the Church of Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ran from 1994 to 2019<sup id="cite_ref-axe_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axe-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was run by the Mission and Discipleship Council of the Church, as part of Church of Scotland Youth (CoSY). The NYA discussed different topics every year and determined what they wish to say on these topics through the medium of debate (deliberately akin to that of the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderator">Moderator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Moderator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/125px-Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/188px-Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg/250px-Arms_of_the_Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Each court is convened by the '<a href="/wiki/Moderators_and_clerks_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderators and clerks in the Church of Scotland">moderator</a>'—at the local level of the Session normally the parish minister who is <i>ex officio</i> member and Moderator of the Session. Congregations where there is no minister, or where the minister is incapacitated, may be moderated by a specially trained elder. Presbyteries and the General Assembly elect a moderator each year. The <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderator of the General Assembly</a> serves for the year as the public representative of the church, but beyond that enjoys no special powers or privileges and is in no sense the leader or official spokesperson of the church. At all levels, moderators may be either elders or ministers. Only Moderators of Sessions are obliged to be trained for the role. </p><p>The official residence of the Moderator is Number 2 Rothesay Terrace in Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_General_Assembly_Bodies">National General Assembly Bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: National General Assembly Bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At a national level, the work of the Church of Scotland is chiefly carried out by bodies appointed by the General Assembly, each supported by full-time staff mostly based at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Offices" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Scotland Offices">Church of Scotland Offices</a> in Edinburgh.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a major reform (described as a "Radical Action Plan")<sup id="cite_ref-Scotland_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotland-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> agreed at the 2019 General Assembly, the major central bodies are now: </p> <ul><li>Faith Impact Forum (replaced the former <a href="/wiki/Church_and_Society_Council" title="Church and Society Council">Church and Society Council</a> and World Mission Council)</li> <li>Faith Nurture Forum (replacing the former Ministries Council and Mission and Discipleship Council)</li> <li>Social Care Council <i>(based at Charis House, Edinburgh)</i></li></ul> <p>The Church of Scotland's Social Care Council (known as CrossReach) is the largest provider of <a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">social care</a> in Scotland today, running projects for various disadvantaged and vulnerable groups: including care for the elderly; help with alcoholism, drug, and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> problems; and assistance for the <a href="/wiki/Homeless" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeless">homeless</a>. </p><p>A new body, the Assembly Trustees, was also created in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Scotland_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scotland-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be the Charity Trustees of the Church and to head the Church's governance structure. There are 12 General Assembly appointed trustees, plus the Convener of the Assembly Business Committee and the Chair of the General Trustees (the body responsible for property). </p><p>The national church has never shied from involvement in <a href="/wiki/Scottish_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish politics">Scottish politics</a>. In 1919, the General Assembly created a Church and Nation Committee, which in 2005 became the <a href="/wiki/Church_and_Society_Council" title="Church and Society Council">Church and Society Council</a>, and in 2019 merged with the World Mission Council to create the Faith Impact Forum. The Church of Scotland was (and is) a firm opponent of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weaponry</a>. Supporting <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolution</a>, it was one of the parties involved in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Constitutional_Convention" title="Scottish Constitutional Convention">Scottish Constitutional Convention</a>, which resulted in the setting up of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Scottish Parliament</a> in 1997. Indeed, from 1999 to 2004 the Parliament met in the church's <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_Hall_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland">Assembly Hall</a> in Edinburgh, while its own building was being constructed. The Church of Scotland actively supports the work of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a> in Edinburgh. </p><p>Other church agencies include:<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Assembly Arrangements Committee</li> <li>Committee on Chaplains to HM Forces</li> <li>Church of Scotland Guild</li> <li>Committee on Church Art and Architecture <i>(part of the Mission and Discipleship Council)</i></li> <li>Ecumenical Relations Committee</li> <li>Stewardship and Finance Department</li> <li>General Trustees <i>(a Statutory Corporation, created by the Church of Scotland (Property And Endowments) Act 1925 of the UK Parliament</i><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>and responsible for church buildings and stipend endowments</i><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>. The legal owners of most local church buildings)</i></li> <li>Legal Questions Committee</li> <li>Panel on Review and Reform</li> <li>Department of the General Assembly</li> <li>Safeguarding Service <i>(protection of children and vulnerable adults)</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_offices">Church offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Church offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Offices" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Scotland Offices">Church of Scotland Offices</a></div><p>The Church of Scotland Offices are located at 121 <a href="/wiki/George_Street,_Edinburgh" title="George Street, Edinburgh">George Street, Edinburgh</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_Scotland_Offices,_Edinburgh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/200px-Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/300px-Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG/400px-Church_of_Scotland_Offices%2C_Edinburgh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2525" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption>Church of Scotland Offices, George Street, Edinburgh 2013</figcaption></figure> <p>These imposing buildings—popularly known in church circles as "one-two-one"—were designed in a Scandinavian-influenced style by the architect Sydney Mitchell and built in 1909–1911 for the United Free Church of Scotland. Following the union of the churches in 1929 a matching extension was built in the 1930s. </p><p>The offices of the Moderator, Principal Clerk, General Treasurer, Law Department and all the Church councils are located at 121 George Street, with the exception of the Social Care Council (CrossReach). The Principal Clerk to the General Assembly is Fiona Smith (the first woman to hold the post full-time), who succeeded George Whyte in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following publications are useful sources of information about the Church of Scotland. </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Work_(magazine)" title="Life and Work (magazine)">Life and Work</a></i> – the monthly magazine of the Church of Scotland.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland_Yearbook" title="Church of Scotland Yearbook">Church of Scotland Yearbook</a></i> (known as "the red book") – published annually with <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistical data</a> on every parish and contact information for every minister.</li> <li><i>Reports to the General Assembly</i> (known as "the blue book") – published annually with reports on the work of the church's departments.</li> <li><i>The Constitution and Laws of the Church of Scotland</i> (known as "the green book") edited by <a href="/wiki/James_Weatherhead" title="James Weatherhead">James L. Weatherhead</a>, published 1997 by the Church of Scotland, <i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86153-246-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-86153-246-5">0-86153-246-5</a></i> and which has now replaced the venerable</li> <li><i>Practice and Procedure in The Church of Scotland</i> edited by James Taylor Cox, published by The Committee on General Administration, The Church of Scotland, 1976 (sixth edition) <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7152-0326-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7152-0326-6">0-7152-0326-6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasti_Ecclesiae_Scoticanae" title="Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae">Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae</a></i> – published irregularly since 1866, contains biographies of ministers.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Discipline_(Church_of_Scotland)" title="Book of Discipline (Church of Scotland)">The First and Second Books of Discipline</a></i> of 1560 and 1578.</li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Order" title="Book of Common Order">Book of Common Order</a></i> latest version of 1994.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bodies_to_which_the_Church_of_Scotland_is_affiliated">Bodies to which the Church of Scotland is affiliated</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bodies to which the Church of Scotland is affiliated"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Together_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Churches Together in Britain and Ireland">Churches Together in Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_European_Churches" title="Conference of European Churches">Conference of European Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Protestant Churches in Europe">Community of Protestant Churches in Europe</a> (Leuenberg Church Fellowship)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_Controversy" title="Marrow Controversy">Marrow Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbytery" title="International Presbytery">International Presbytery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_Scotland_synods_and_presbyteries" title="List of Church of Scotland synods and presbyteries">List of Church of Scotland synods and presbyteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers_and_elders_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministers and elders in the Church of Scotland">Ministers and elders in the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderators_and_clerks_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Moderators and clerks in the Church of Scotland">Moderators and clerks in the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner_to_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Bishops in the Church of Scotland">Bishops in the Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands_Church_of_Scotland" title="Orkney Islands Church of Scotland">Orkney Islands Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society,_Religion_and_Technology_Project" title="Society, Religion and Technology Project">Society, Religion and Technology Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Religion_and_Presbyterian_Church_Act_1707" title="Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707">Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NimmoFergusson2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NimmoFergusson2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimmoFergusson2016" class="citation book cs1">Nimmo, Paul T.; Fergusson, David A. S. (26 May 2016). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Reformed Theology</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107027220" title="Special:BookSources/9781107027220"><bdi>9781107027220</bdi></a>. <q>The established and national Church of Scotland was Reformed and Presbyterian, and dominated the Divinity Faculties of the ancient universities.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Reformed+Theology&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.isbn=9781107027220&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=Paul+T.&rft.au=Fergusson%2C+David+A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/121197/Assembly-Trustees.pdf">"Report of the Assembly Trustees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Assembly+Trustees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0003%2F121197%2FAssembly-Trustees.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/121197/Assembly-Trustees.pdf">"Report of the Assembly Trustees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Assembly+Trustees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0003%2F121197%2FAssembly-Trustees.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/dec/27/scotland-losing-churches-morham">secular Scotland is fast losing its churches</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/pages/4/">"Section Two - Household Characteristics"</a>. <i>www.gov.scot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gov.scot&rft.atitle=Section+Two+-+Household+Characteristics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Fscottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings%2Fpages%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/statistics/2020/09/scottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings/documents/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019/govscot%3Adocument/scotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019.pdf">"Scotland's People Annual Report Key findings | 2019"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>gov.scot</i>. 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.scot&rft.atitle=Scotland%27s+People+Annual+Report+Key+findings+%7C+2019&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fbinaries%2Fcontent%2Fdocuments%2Fgovscot%2Fpublications%2Fstatistics%2F2020%2F09%2Fscottish-household-survey-2019-key-findings%2Fdocuments%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019%2Fgovscot%253Adocument%2Fscotlands-people-annual-report-key-findings-2019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about-us/our-structure">"Our Structure"</a>. Church of Scotland. 22 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Structure&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2010-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-structure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Church-of-Scotland">"Church of Scotland"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FChurch-of-Scotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Established Church of Scotland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Established_Church_of_Scotland">"Established Church of Scotland" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Established+Church+of+Scotland&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney2014" class="citation news cs1">Sweeney, Joanne (21 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/a-centuries-old-rift-that-created-two-disciplines-30764721.html">"A Centuries Old Rift that Created Two Disciplines"</a>. <i>Belfast Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=A+Centuries+Old+Rift+that+Created+Two+Disciplines&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Fa-centuries-old-rift-that-created-two-disciplines-30764721.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edinburgh and District: Ward Lock guide 1935</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://tfn.scot/news/new-report-reveals-churchs-links-to-slavery">https://tfn.scot/news/new-report-reveals-churchs-links-to-slavery</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarrell2019" class="citation news cs1">Carrell, Severin (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/apr/30/church-of-scotland-pays-1m-in-damages-to-three-abused-siblings">"Church of Scotland pays £1m in damages to three abused siblings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+pays+%C2%A31m+in+damages+to+three+abused+siblings&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Carrell&rft.aufirst=Severin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2019%2Fapr%2F30%2Fchurch-of-scotland-pays-1m-in-damages-to-three-abused-siblings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170319153259/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about_us/church_law/church_constitution">"Articles Declaratory of the Constitution of the Church of Scotland"</a>. The Church of Scotland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about_us/church_law/church_constitution">the original</a> on 19 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland is the Westminster Confession of Faith approved by the General Assembly of 1647, containing the sum and substance of the Faith of the Reformed Church. Its government is Presbyterian, and is exercised through Kirk Sessions; Presbyteries, [Provincial Synods deleted by Act V, 1992], and General Assemblies. Its system and principles of worship, orders, and discipline are in accordance with "The Directory for the Public Worship of God," "The Form of Presbyterial Church Government " and "The Form of Process," as these have been or may hereafter be interpreted or modified by Acts of the General Assembly or by consuetude.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Articles+Declaratory+of+the+Constitution+of+the+Church+of+Scotland&rft.pub=The+Church+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout_us%2Fchurch_law%2Fchurch_constitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowden2005-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowden2005_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden2005" class="citation book cs1">Bowden, John Stephen (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195223934" title="Special:BookSources/9780195223934"><bdi>9780195223934</bdi></a>. <q>A distinctive part of Scottish Presbyterian worship is the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes. These verse psalms have been exported to Africa, North America and other parts of the world where Presbyterian Scots missionaries or Emigres have been influential.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780195223934&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=John+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about_us/our_faith/joining_the_church">"Joining the Church"</a>. Church of Scotland. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>The usual pattern for joining the Church of Scotland is that infant children of Church members are received into the Church through Baptism. In time it is hoped that the child will come to make his or her own public profession of faith and the congregation will support the family in this task. This public profession of faith is sometimes referred to as confirmation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joining+the+Church&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout_us%2Four_faith%2Fjoining_the_church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCRC2018-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WCRC2018_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcrc.ch/members">"Members"</a>. World Communion of Reformed Churches. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columba+Declaration%3A+Church+of+Scotland+and+Church+of+England+%7C+Law+%26+Religion+UK&rft.date=2015-12-24&rft.aulast=Pocklington&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawandreligionuk.com%2F2015%2F12%2F24%2Fcolumba-declaration-church-of-scotland-and-church-of-england%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/politics/church-of-scotland-general-assembly-2022-friendship-declaration-with-catholics-approved-3708866">"Church of Scotland approves friendship declaration with Catholic Church in Scotland"</a>. <i>www.scotsman.com</i>. 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Parish Church of <a href="/wiki/Weem" title="Weem">Dull and Weem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dullandweemparish.org/godsinvitation.htm">the original</a> on 28 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=God%27s+Invitation&rft.pub=Parish+Church+of+Dull+and+Weem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dullandweemparish.org%2Fgodsinvitation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reports to the General Assembly 1992, Church of Scotland, Edinburgh 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotland2020" class="citation web cs1">Scotland, The Church of (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630172142/https://churchofscotland.org.uk/about-us/councils-committees-and-departments/forums/faith-impact-forum">"Faith Impact Forum"</a>. <i>The Church of Scotland</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Faith+Impact+Forum&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Scotland&rft.aufirst=The+Church+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fcouncils-committees-and-departments%2Fforums%2Ffaith-impact-forum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotland2022" class="citation web cs1">Scotland, The Church of (22 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2022/articles/kirk-calls-first-nuclear-weapons-treaty-meeting-a-glimmer-of-light-and-hope">"Kirk calls first nuclear weapons treaty meeting "a glimmer of light and hope"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Church of Scotland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=Kirk+calls+first+nuclear+weapons+treaty+meeting+%22a+glimmer+of+light+and+hope%22&rft.date=2022-06-22&rft.aulast=Scotland&rft.aufirst=The+Church+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2022%2Farticles%2Fkirk-calls-first-nuclear-weapons-treaty-meeting-a-glimmer-of-light-and-hope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScotland2021" class="citation web cs1">Scotland, The Church of (12 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/connect/scottish-churches-parliamentary-office">"Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office"</a>. <i>The Church of Scotland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+votes+to+allow+gay+ministers+in+civil+partnerships&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-32760416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/may/21/church-of-scotland-ministers-same-sex-marriages">"Church of Scotland votes to allow ministers to be in same-sex marriages"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Press Association. 21 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+to+debate+allowing+same-sex+marriages+-+BelfastTelegraph.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fchurch-of-scotland-to-debate-allowing-samesex-marriages-35633363.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-40036225">"Kirk moves towards allowing gay marriage"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kirk+moves+towards+allowing+gay+marriage&rft.date=2017-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-40036225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-44180103">"Kirk moves closer to gay marriage services"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 19 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kirk+moves+closer+to+gay+marriage+services&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-44180103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/may/19/church-of-scotland-same-sex-marriage-draft-laws">"Church of Scotland to draft new same-sex marriage laws"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Press Association. 19 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+to+draft+new+same-sex+marriage+laws&rft.date=2018-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2018%2Fmay%2F19%2Fchurch-of-scotland-same-sex-marriage-draft-laws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.scot/news/19321692.church-consider-same-sex-marriage/">"Church of Scotland to consider allowing same-sex marriage ceremonies"</a>. 22 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+of+Scotland+to+consider+allowing+same-sex+marriage+ceremonies&rft.date=2021-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.scot%2Fnews%2F19321692.church-consider-same-sex-marriage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaleidoscot.com/affirmation-scotland-810">"Affirmation Scotland – seeking to create a more inclusive church"</a>. <i>KaleidoScot</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KaleidoScot&rft.atitle=Affirmation+Scotland+%E2%80%93+seeking+to+create+a+more+inclusive+church&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaleidoscot.com%2Faffirmation-scotland-810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch" class="citation web cs1">Church, Queen's Cross. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609230037/http://www.queenscrosschurch.org.uk/get-involved/our-partners/detail/affirmation-scotland/">"Affirmation! Scotland · Our Partners · Queen's Cross Church"</a>. <i>www.queenscrosschurch.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queenscrosschurch.org.uk/get-involved/our-partners/detail/affirmation-scotland/">the original</a> on 9 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.queenscrosschurch.org.uk&rft.atitle=Affirmation%21+Scotland+%C2%B7+Our+Partners+%C2%B7+Queen%27s+Cross+Church&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=Queen%27s+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queenscrosschurch.org.uk%2Fget-involved%2Four-partners%2Fdetail%2Faffirmation-scotland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4378549,00.html">"Israel condemns contentious Church of Scotland report"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i>. 10 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Israel+condemns+contentious+Church+of+Scotland+report&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4378549%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215052327/http://www.scojec.org/news/2013/13v_cos/cos.html">"Church of Scotland Rebuked"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scojec.org/news/2013/13v_cos/cos.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+of+Scotland+Rebuked&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scojec.org%2Fnews%2F2013%2F13v_cos%2Fcos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span> SCoJeC Rebukes Church of Scotland over General Assembly Report</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/Scottish-church-Jews-not-entitled-to-Holy-Land-312088">Scottish Church denial of Jewish land rights stirs ire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052912/http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/Scottish-church-Jews-not-entitled-to-Holy-Land-312088">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a></i>, (reprinted in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>), 5 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/church-of-scotland-to-alter-report-denying-jews-claims-to-israel-1.523561">"Church of Scotland to alter report denying Jews' claims to Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. 12 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Church+of+Scotland+to+alter+report+denying+Jews%27+claims+to+Israel&rft.date=2013-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish-world%2Fjewish-world-news%2Fchurch-of-scotland-to-alter-report-denying-jews-claims-to-israel-1.523561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/106939/scottish-church-debate-jewish-right-land-israel">Scottish Church to debate Jewish right to land of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050202/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/106939/scottish-church-debate-jewish-right-land-israel">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Marcus Dysch, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Chronicle" title="The Jewish Chronicle">The Jewish Chronicle</a></i>, 2 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/176363/church-of-scotland-insults-jews-with-denial-of-cla/?p=all">Church of Scotland Insults Jews With Denial of Claim to Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130620235016/http://forward.com/articles/176363/church-of-scotland-insults-jews-with-denial-of-cla/?p=all">Archived</a> 20 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Liam Hoare, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Daily_Forward" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jewish Daily Forward">The Jewish Daily Forward</a></i>, 10 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/church-of-scotland-jews-do-not-have-a-right-to-the-land-of-israel.premium-1.518932">Church of Scotland: Jews do not have a right to the land of Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041844/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/church-of-scotland-jews-do-not-have-a-right-to-the-land-of-israel.premium-1.518932">Archived</a> 15 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Anshel Pfeffer, <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, 3 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/church-of-scotland-thinks-twice-grants-israel-the-right-to-exist/2013/05/12/">Church of Scotland Thinks Twice, Grants Israel the Right to Exist</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128122301/http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/church-of-scotland-thinks-twice-grants-israel-the-right-to-exist/2013/05/12/">Archived</a> 28 November 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Press" title="The Jewish Press">The Jewish Press</a></i>, 12 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105058/http://www.christian.org.uk/briefingpapers/abortion.htm">"Apologetics - Sanctity of Life - Abortion"</a>. <i>christian.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christian.org.uk/briefingpapers/abortion.htm">the original</a> on 28 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christian.org.uk&rft.atitle=Apologetics+-+Sanctity+of+Life+-+Abortion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christian.org.uk%2Fbriefingpapers%2Fabortion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/speak_out/social_issues/end_of_life">"End of life issues"</a>. <i>churchofscotland.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churchofscotland.org.uk&rft.atitle=End+of+life+issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fspeak_out%2Fsocial_issues%2Fend_of_life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hill_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Hill <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/thomasaikenhead.html">Thomas Aikenhead</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001011446/http://www25.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/thomasaikenhead.html">Archived</a> 1 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography monograph at website of Unitarian Universalist Association, c.1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/speak_out/social_issues/criminal_justice">"Criminal justice"</a>. <i>churchofscotland.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=churchofscotland.org.uk&rft.atitle=Criminal+justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fspeak_out%2Fsocial_issues%2Fcriminal_justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404195306/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/2449/guide_marriage.pdf">"Frequently Asked Questions (marriage)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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The Scottish Government. 17 May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570">the original</a> on 23 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+of+Scotland&rft.pub=Bothwell+Parish+Church&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbothwellparishchurch.org.uk%2Fwelcome%2Fthe-church-of-scotland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradyObermanTracy1994" class="citation book cs1">Brady, Thomas A.; Oberman, Heiko Augustinus; <a href="/wiki/James_Tracy_(historian)" title="James Tracy (historian)">Tracy, James D.</a> (14 March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0HqoVsg6gycC&q=%22A+national%2C+but+not+a+state%2C+church.%22&pg=PA479"><i>Handbook of European History 1400 - 1600: Late Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004097627" title="Special:BookSources/9004097627"><bdi>9004097627</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+European+History+1400+-+1600%3A+Late+Middle+Ages%2C+Renaissance+and+Reformation&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1994-03-14&rft.isbn=9004097627&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft.au=Oberman%2C+Heiko+Augustinus&rft.au=Tracy%2C+James+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0HqoVsg6gycC%26q%3D%2522A%2Bnational%252C%2Bbut%2Bnot%2Ba%2Bstate%252C%2Bchurch.%2522%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette27310" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/27310/page/3033">"No. 27310"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 3 May 1901. p. 3033.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+27310&rft.pages=3033&rft.date=1901-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F27310%2Fpage%2F3033&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Church of Scotland 2007–2008 Year Book, p. 350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828214413/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/6000/ga11_legalq_app.pdf">"Church of Scotland statistics 1999 - 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Church+of+Scotland+statistics+1999+-+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0006%2F6000%2Fga11_legalq_app.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026183257/https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/27136/Legal_Questions_Committee.pdf">"Legal Questions Committee"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Church of Scotland. May 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Questions+Committee&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2015-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0019%2F27136%2FLegal_Questions_Committee.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley2018" class="citation web cs1">Farley, Harry (21 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantoday.com/article/membership-decline-means-church-of-scotlands-very-existence-under-threat-report-warns/129293.htm">"Membership decline means Church of Scotland's 'very existence' under threat, report warns"</a>. <i>Christian Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Today&rft.atitle=Membership+decline+means+Church+of+Scotland%27s+%27very+existence%27+under+threat%2C+report+warns&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft.aulast=Farley&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Fmembership-decline-means-church-of-scotlands-very-existence-under-threat-report-warns%2F129293.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COUNCIL_OF_ASSEMBLY_MAY_2019-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COUNCIL_OF_ASSEMBLY_MAY_2019_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/about-us/general-assembly/previous-general-assemblies">"Previous General Assemblies"</a>. Church of Scotland. 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Previous+General+Assemblies&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fgeneral-assembly%2Fprevious-general-assemblies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrierly2017" class="citation book cs1">Brierly, Peter (2017). <i>Growth Amidst Decline: What the 2016 Scottish Church Census Reveals</i>. Tonbridge, Kent: ADBC. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780995764606" title="Special:BookSources/9780995764606"><bdi>9780995764606</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth+Amidst+Decline%3A+What+the+2016+Scottish+Church+Census+Reveals&rft.place=Tonbridge%2C+Kent&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=ADBC&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780995764606&rft.aulast=Brierly&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"24:13". <i>Assembly Trustees Report</i>. Church of Scotland. 2024. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=24%3A13&rft.btitle=Assembly+Trustees+Report&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115119/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/3457/ga10_reports_ministries.pdf">"Ministries Council"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Church of Scotland. May 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministries+Council&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0019%2F3457%2Fga10_reports_ministries.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912071829/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/21079/Friday_Afternooon_Reflection.pdf">"Let me now turn to my last reflection of the week"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Church of Scotland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/21079/Friday_Afternooon_Reflection.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 12 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Let+me+now+turn+to+my+last+reflection+of+the+week&rft.pub=Church+of+Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofscotland.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0019%2F21079%2FFriday_Afternooon_Reflection.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://churchofscotland.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/80288/3681-TRUSTEES-Annual-Report-2020-A4-mono-final-TYPE-SIGNED.pdf">"Annual Report and Accounts: For the year ended 31 December 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+Scotland&rft.atitle=New+Principal+Clerk+of+the+General+Assembly+takes+oath+of+office&rft.date=2022-05-26&rft.aulast=Scotland&rft.aufirst=The+Church+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchurchofscotland.org.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2022%2Farticles%2Fnew-principal-clerk-of-the-general-assembly-takes-oath-of-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_Scotland&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183047/http://www.churchofscotland.org.uk/churchwithoutwalls/index.htm">'Church without Walls' report</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acts-scotland.org">website of Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415084933/http://scottishchristian.com/churches/church-of-scotland/">Church of Scotland daily news monitor and links at Scottish Christian.com</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.impact.hss.ed.ac.uk/case-study/neuroscience-and-church-scotland">"Neuroscience and the Church of Scotland"</a>. <i>Research Impact - Humanities and Social Science: making a difference</i>. College of Humanities and Social Science, The University of Edinburgh. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>The Church of Scotland invited a philosopher from the University of Edinburgh to explore scientific challenges to free will and moral responsibility.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+Impact+-+Humanities+and+Social+Science%3A+making+a+difference&rft.atitle=Neuroscience+and+the+Church+of+Scotland&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.impact.hss.ed.ac.uk%2Fcase-study%2Fneuroscience-and-church-scotland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChurch+of+Scotland" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Brechin_Cathedral" title="Brechin Cathedral">Holy Trinity, Brechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornoch_Cathedral" title="Dornoch Cathedral">St Mary, Dornoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunblane_Cathedral" title="Dunblane Cathedral">St Blane, Dunblane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkeld_Cathedral" title="Dunkeld Cathedral">St Columba, Dunkeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Cathedral" title="St Giles' Cathedral">St Giles, Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">St Mungo, Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus, Kirkwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Moluag%27s_Cathedral,_Lismore" title="St Moluag's Cathedral, Lismore">St Moluag, Lismore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E2ECFB;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Scotland" title="List of cathedrals in Scotland">List of cathedrals in Scotland</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presbyterian_cathedrals_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Presbyterian cathedrals in Scotland">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Template:Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Template talk:Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Since reunification with the <a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a> in 1929</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1929–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_White_(minister)" title="John White (minister)">John White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Nisbet_Bogle" title="Andrew Nisbet Bogle">Andrew Bogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_Graham" title="John Anderson Graham">John Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mackintosh" title="Hugh Mackintosh">Hugh Mackintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauchlan_Watt" title="Lauchlan Watt">Lauchlan Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Donald_Thomson" title="Peter Donald Thomson">Peter Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Lang_(son)" title="Marshall Lang (son)">Marshall Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lamont" title="Daniel Lamont">Daniel Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_MacFarlane_(moderator)" title="Dugald MacFarlane (moderator)">Dugald MacFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Black_(Moderator)" title="James Black (Moderator)">James Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Main" title="Archibald Main">Archibald Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rae_Forgan" title="James Rae Forgan">James Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cockburn_(minister)" title="James Cockburn (minister)">James Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Gray_Taylor" title="Charles William Gray Taylor">Charles Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baillie_(theologian)" title="John Baillie (theologian)">John Baillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Hagan" title="Edward James Hagan">Edward Hagan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Campbell_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Campbell (minister) (page does not exist)">Andrew Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McKenzie_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John McKenzie (minister) (page does not exist)">John McKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(moderator)" title="Matthew Stewart (moderator)">Matthew Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macdonald_(Presbyterian_minister)" title="Alexander Macdonald (Presbyterian minister)">Alexander Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Duncan_(biblical_scholar)" title="George Duncan (biblical scholar)">George Duncan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Watt_(moderator)" title="Hugh Watt (moderator)">Hugh Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_White_Anderson" title="William White Anderson">William White Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Johnstone_Jeffrey" title="George Johnstone Jeffrey">George Johnstone Jeffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pitt-Watson" title="James Pitt-Watson">James Pitt-Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_David_Jarvis" title="Ernest David Jarvis">Ernest David Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Henderson" title="G. D. Henderson">George Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(moderator)" title="Robert Scott (moderator)">Robert Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_MacLeod" title="George MacLeod">George MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fraser_(minister)" title="John Fraser (minister)">John Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._W._Shepherd" title="R. H. W. Shepherd">Robert Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._H._S._Burleigh" title="J. H. S. Burleigh">John Burleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Craig" title="Archibald Campbell Craig">Archibald Campbell Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevile_Davidson" title="Nevile Davidson">Nevile Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart_Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="James Stuart Stewart">James Stuart Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Fraser" title="Duncan Fraser">Duncan Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Watt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Watt (page does not exist)">Archibald Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Small" title="Leonard Small">Leonard Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Roy_Sanderson" title="William Roy Sanderson">William Roy Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Longmuir" title="James Longmuir">James Longmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murchison" title="Thomas Murchison">Thomas Murchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Douglas_(minister)" title="Hugh Douglas (minister)">Hugh Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Herron" title="Andrew Herron">Andrew Herron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Selby_Wright" title="Ronnie Selby Wright">Ronnie Selby Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._H._Reid" title="George T. H. Reid">George T. H. Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel_(minister)" title="David Steel (minister)">David Steel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_Matheson" title="James Gunn Matheson">James Gunn Matheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Torrance" title="Thomas F. Torrance">Thomas F. Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Gray_(minister)" title="John R. Gray (minister)">John Rodger Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brodie_(minister)" title="Peter Brodie (minister)">Peter Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Barbour" title="Robin Barbour">Robert Barbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Johnston_(minister)" title="William Johnston (minister)">William Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Beveridge_Doig" title="Andrew Beveridge Doig">Andrew Beveridge Doig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McIntyre_(theologian)" title="John McIntyre (theologian)">John McIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_McLuskey" title="Fraser McLuskey">Fraser McLuskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._K._Paterson" title="John M. K. Paterson">John M. K. Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Smith_(minister)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Smith (minister) (page does not exist)">David Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Craig_(theologian)" title="Robert Craig (theologian)">Robert Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Shaw_(minister,_born_1925)" title="Duncan Shaw (minister, born 1925)">Duncan Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Whyte" title="James A. Whyte">Jim Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_McDonald_(minister)" title="Bill McDonald (minister)">Bill McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Davidson_(theologian)" title="Robert Davidson (theologian)">Robert Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Macmillan_(minister)" title="William Macmillan (minister)">William Macmillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Wyllie" title="Hugh Wyllie">Hugh Wyllie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weatherhead" title="James Weatherhead">James Weatherhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(minister)" title="James Simpson (minister)">James Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harkness_(minister)" title="James Harkness (minister)">James Harkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McIndoe_(minister)" title="John McIndoe (minister)">John McIndoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_McDonald" title="Sandy McDonald">Sandy McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Main_(minister)" title="Alan Main (minister)">Alan Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cairns_(born_1942)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cairns (born 1942)">John Cairns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McLellan" title="Andrew McLellan">Andrew McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Miller_(minister)" title="John Miller (minister)">John Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlay_Macdonald_(minister)" title="Finlay Macdonald (minister)"> Finlay Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Torrance" title="Iain Torrance">Iain Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Elliot" title="Alison Elliot">Alison Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lacy" title="David Lacy">David Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_McDonald_(minister)" title="Alan McDonald (minister)"> Alan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheilagh_Kesting" title="Sheilagh Kesting">Sheilagh Kesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lunan" title="David Lunan">David Lunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hewitt_(minister)" title="William Hewitt (minister)">William Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Christie_(minister)" title="John Christie (minister)">John Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Arnott_(minister)" title="David Arnott (minister)">David Arnott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bogle" title="Albert Bogle">Albert Bogle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Hood" title="Lorna Hood">Lorna Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chalmers_(moderator)" title="John Chalmers (moderator)">John Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Morrison_(minister)" title="Angus Morrison (minister)">Angus Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Barr" title="Russell Barr">Russell Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Browning" title="Derek Browning">Derek Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Brown_(minister)" title="Susan Brown (minister)">Susan Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Sinclair_(minister)" title="Colin Sinclair (minister)">Colin Sinclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fair" title="Martin Fair">Martin Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Jim Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Greenshields" title="Iain Greenshields">Iain Greenshields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Foster-Fulton" title="Sally Foster-Fulton">Sally Foster-Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_Paterson" title="Shaw Paterson">Shaw Paterson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Frew" title="Rosemary Frew">Rosemary Frew</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scotland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scotland_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Scotland" title="Prehistoric Scotland">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Roman times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_High_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence" title="Wars of Scottish Independence">Wars of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_Late_Middle_Ages" title="Scotland in the Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland" title="Renaissance in Scotland">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_early_modern_period" title="Scotland in the early modern period">Early modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Colonisation of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">1707 Acts of Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Enlightenment" title="Scottish Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_Clearances" title="Lowland Clearances">Lowland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_Scotland" title="Industrial Revolution in Scotland">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism_in_Scotland" title="Romanticism in Scotland">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_in_the_modern_era" title="Scotland in the modern era">Modern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_border" title="Anglo-Scottish border">Anglo-Scottish border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Belt" title="Central Belt">Central Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Scotland" title="Climate of Scotland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Scotland" title="Conservation in Scotland">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Scotland" title="Fauna of Scotland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Scotland" title="Flora of Scotland">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Scotland" title="Geology of Scotland">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lochs_of_Scotland" title="List of lochs of Scotland">Lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_hills_of_Scotland" title="Mountains and hills of Scotland">Mountains and hills</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_mountains_in_Scotland" title="List of highest mountains in Scotland">Highest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Scotland" title="Protected areas of Scotland">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Scotland" title="List of waterfalls in Scotland">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_of_Scotland" title="List of valleys of Scotland">Glens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Scotland" title="List of ecoregions in Scotland">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biosphere_reserves_in_Scotland" title="List of biosphere reserves in Scotland">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Scotland" title="Environment of Scotland">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Scotland" title="Municipalities of Scotland">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Munro_mountains" title="List of Munro mountains">Munro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Scotland">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_governments" title="List of Scottish governments">List of governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Scotland" title="Elections in Scotland">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Scotland" title="Electoral system of Scotland">Electoral system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland">Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="Deputy First Minister of Scotland">Deputy First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_Scotland" title="Great Seal of Scotland">Great Seal of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Scotland">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Scotland" title="LGBT rights in Scotland">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Scotland" title="Local government in Scotland">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Scotland" title="History of local government in Scotland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Scotland" title="Cities of Scotland">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Armed forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland" title="Military history of Scotland">Military history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs" title="List of Scottish monarchs">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_MPs_for_constituencies_in_Scotland" title="Lists of MPs for constituencies in Scotland">Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament" title="Member of the Scottish Parliament">Member of the Scottish Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Scotland" title="List of political parties in Scotland">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_republicanism" title="Scottish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Office" title="Scotland Office">Scotland Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Scotland" title="Unionism in Scotland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_General_for_Scotland" title="Advocate General for Scotland">Advocate General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">Courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_courts_in_Scotland" title="List of courts in Scotland">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Courts_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Courts of Scotland">Supreme Courts of Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justiciary" title="High Court of Justiciary">High Court of Justiciary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Accountant_of_Court" title="Office of the Accountant of Court">Office of the Accountant of Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Office_and_Procurator_Fiscal_Service" title="Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service">Crown Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Advocate" title="Lord Advocate">Lord Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_President_of_the_Court_of_Session" title="Lord President of the Court of Session">Lord President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procurator_fiscal" title="Procurator fiscal">Procurator fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_for_Scotland" title="Solicitor General for Scotland">Solicitor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_principal" title="Sheriff principal">Sheriff principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Justice" title="College of Justice">College of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_property_law" title="Scots property law">Scots property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_population_of_Scotland" title="Prison population of Scotland">Prison population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Police Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Scotland" title="Agriculture in Scotland">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Scotland" title="Bank of Scotland">Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charities_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Charities in Scotland">Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Scotland" title="List of companies of Scotland">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Scotland" title="Forestry in Scotland">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Tweed" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Tweed">Harris Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Scotland" title="Housing in Scotland">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_industry_in_Scotland" title="Oil industry in Scotland">Oil industry</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Scotland" title="List of power stations in Scotland">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Scotland" title="Renewable energy in Scotland">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Scotland" title="Royal Bank of Scotland">Royal Bank of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Scotland" title="Transport in Scotland">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Glen" title="Silicon Glen">Silicon Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Scotland" title="Unemployment in Scotland">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_of_Scotland" title="International relations of Scotland">International trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Scotland" title="Category:Society of Scotland">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Scotland" title="Architecture of Scotland">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_art" title="Scottish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_cuisine" title="Scottish cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curriculum_for_Excellence" title="Curriculum for Excellence">Curriculum for Excellence</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_schools_in_Scotland" title="Lists of schools in Scotland">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_further_education_colleges_in_Scotland" title="List of further education colleges in Scotland">Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Scotland" title="Universities in Scotland">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Qualifications_Authority" title="Scottish Qualifications Authority">Scottish Qualifications Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_Scotland" title="Education Scotland">Education Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogmanay" title="Hogmanay">Hogmanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Scotland" title="List of museums in Scotland">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_Scotland" title="List of oldest buildings in Scotland">Oldest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Scotland" title="Theatre of Scotland">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_philosophy" title="Scottish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_toponymy" title="Scottish toponymy">Placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Scotland" title="Prostitution in Scotland">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_National_M%C3%B2d" title="Royal National Mòd">Royal National Mòd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Scotland" title="Sport in Scotland">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_surnames" title="Scottish surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Scotland" title="National anthem of Scotland">anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal coat of arms of Scotland">coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_flags" title="List of Scottish flags">flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">national flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">tartan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_tartan" title="Regimental tartan">regimental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicorn#Scotland" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivals_in_Scotland" title="Festivals in Scotland">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_in_Scotland" title="Comedy in Scotland">Comedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland" title="Demographics of Scotland">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highland_English" title="Highland English">Highland English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Scots" title="List of Scots">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_actors" title="List of Scottish actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_artists" title="List of Scottish artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_inventions_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_musicians" title="List of Scottish musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_scientists" title="List of Scottish scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_writers" title="List of Scottish writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_in_Scotland" title="Category:Christianity in Scotland">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_Scotland" title="Christmas in Scotland">Christmas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Church of Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">General Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_moderators_of_the_General_Assembly_of_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="List of moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland">Moderators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Scotland" title="Ethnic minorities in Scotland">Ethnic minorities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Scotland" title="Outline of Scotland">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scotland" title="Category:Scotland">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Scotland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Template talk:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland"><span style="color:black;">Religion in Scotland</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Scotland" title="History of Christianity in Scotland">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Christianity in Medieval Scotland">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_seventeenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the seventeenth century">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_eighteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the eighteenth century">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_religion_in_the_nineteenth_century" title="Scottish religion in the nineteenth century">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Scotland" title="Christianisation of Scotland">Christianisation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_universi" title="Cum universi">Cum universi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation_Parliament" title="Scottish Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Perth" title="Five Articles of Perth">Five Articles of Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Covenant" title="National Covenant">National Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_League_and_Covenant" title="Solemn League and Covenant">Solemn League and Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Time" title="The Killing Time">The Killing Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland#Religious_settlement" title="Glorious Revolution in Scotland">Glorious Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrow_Controversy" title="Marrow Controversy">Marrow Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Patronage_(Scotland)_Act_1711" title="Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1711">Patronage Act 1711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Secession" title="First Secession">First Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Second Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruption_of_1843" title="Disruption of 1843">Great Disruption of 1843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">Catholic emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Scotland_Movement" title="Tell Scotland Movement">Tell Scotland Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_revival_in_Scotland" title="Evangelical revival in Scotland">Evangelical revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Scotland" title="Freedom of religion in Scotland">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Protestant_missions" title="Scottish Protestant missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_music_in_Scotland" title="Church music in Scotland">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_popular_religion_in_Scotland" title="History of popular religion in Scotland">Popular religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_saints_of_Scotland" title="List of saints of Scotland">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_in_Glasgow" title="Sectarianism in Glasgow">Sectarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extant <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> <br />denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church#Scotland" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Scotland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland">Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy in the United Kingdom">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Scotland">Christian</a> <br />denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_and_New_Lights" title="Old and New Lights">Old and New Lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Burgher" title="Anti-Burgher">Anti-Burgher movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Presbytery" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Presbytery">Associate Presbytery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barclay_(Berean)" title="John Barclay (Berean)">Bereans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanites" title="Buchanites">Buchanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Catholic Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Union_(Scotland)" title="Evangelical Union (Scotland)">Evangelical Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasite" title="Glasite">Glasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Secession_Church" title="Original Secession Church">Original Secession Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_Church" title="Relief Church">Relief Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Presbyterian_Church_(Scotland)" title="United Presbyterian Church (Scotland)">United Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Secession_Church" title="United Secession Church">United Secession Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian <br />ecumenism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_Churches_Together_in_Scotland" title="Action of Churches Together in Scotland">Action of Churches Together in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iona_Community" title="Iona Community">Iona Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Bible_Society" title="Scottish Bible Society">Scottish Bible Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Churches_Parliamentary_Office" title="Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office">Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Christian faiths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Scotland" title="Baháʼí Faith in Scotland">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Scotland" title="Buddhism in Scotland">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Scotland" title="Hinduism in Scotland">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Scotland" title="Islam in Scotland">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Council_of_Jewish_Communities" title="Scottish Council of Jewish Communities">council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Pagan_Federation" title="Scottish Pagan Federation">Paganism (modern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Scotland" title="Portal:Scotland">Scotland portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Christianity in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_in_the_United_Kingdom" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">England</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Russian_Orthodox_Churches_in_Western_Europe" title="Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe">Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_the_British_Isles_and_Ireland" title="Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland (Antioch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Great_Britain_and_Western_Europe" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe (ROCOR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Sourozh" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Eparchy_of_Britain_and_Scandinavia" title="Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia">Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Britain and Ireland">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Great_Britain" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain">Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_the_Holy_Family_of_London" title="Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Anglican Catholic Ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Protestant">Proto-Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hussite" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hussite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite">Hussite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_of_the_British_Province" title="Moravian Church of the British Province">Moravian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_England" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of England">Evangelical Lutheran Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Great_Britain" title="Lutheran Church in Great Britain">Lutheran Church in Great Britain</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/English_Presbyterianism" title="English Presbyterianism">Main article</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales">Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Fellowship_of_Congregational_Churches" title="Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches">Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinistic_Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinistic Methodists">Calvinistic Methodists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countess_of_Huntingdon%27s_Connexion" title="Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion">Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Communion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Diocese of the United Kingdom">Diocese of the United Kingdom</a> (ACC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_(Continuing)" title="Church of England (Continuing)">Church of England (Continuing)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Realignment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Mission_in_England" title="Anglican Mission in England">Anglican Mission in England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_England" title="Free Church of England">Free Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Episcopal_Church" title="Open Episcopal Church">Open Episcopal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruderhof_Communities" title="Bruderhof Communities">Bruderhof Communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Grace_Baptist_Churches_(South_East)" title="Association of Grace Baptist Churches (South East)">Association of Grace Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_Together" title="Baptists Together">Baptists Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Standard" title="Gospel Standard">Gospel Standard Strict Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Baptist_Union" title="Old Baptist Union">Old Baptist Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Methodist_Connexion" title="Independent Methodist Connexion">Independent Methodist Connexion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Holiness_Church" title="Wesleyan Holiness Church">Wesleyan Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Reform_Union" title="Wesleyan Reform Union">Wesleyan Reform Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth<br />Brethren</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren_Christian_Church" title="Plymouth Brethren Christian Church">Plymouth Brethren Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needed_Truth_Brethren" title="Needed Truth Brethren">Needed Truth Brethren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_Pentecostalism" title="Holiness Pentecostalism">Holiness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ" title="Church of God in Christ">Calvary Church of God in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_of_Prophecy" title="Church of God of Prophecy">Church of God of Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">New Testament Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemed_Christian_Church_of_God" title="Redeemed Christian Church of God">Redeemed Christian Church of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finished_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Finished Work">Finished<br />Work</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church_(1916_denomination)" title="Apostolic Church (1916 denomination)">Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_Great_Britain" title="Assemblies of God in Great Britain">Assemblies of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Pentecost" title="The Church of Pentecost">The Church of Pentecost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Chapel_Association" title="Calvary Chapel Association">Calvary Chapel United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Churches_UK_and_Ireland" title="Vineyard Churches UK and Ireland">Vineyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichthus_Christian_Fellowship" title="Ichthus Christian Fellowship">Ichthus Christian Fellowship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone–Campbell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churches_of_Christ" title="International Churches of Christ">International Churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_England" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in England">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irvingism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvingism">Irvingism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Catholic Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in <a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">communion</a> with the other <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Scotland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Scotland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Russian_Orthodox_Churches_in_Western_Europe" title="Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe">Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Sourozh" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Great_Britain" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain">Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_the_Holy_Family_of_London" title="Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Anglican Catholic Ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_England" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of England">Evangelical Lutheran Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Great_Britain" title="Lutheran Church in Great Britain">Lutheran Church in Great Britain</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Associated Presbyterian Churches</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(since_1900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (since 1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(Continuing)" title="Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)">Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Presbyterian_Church" title="International Presbyterian Church">International Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Scotland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union of Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Reform_Union" title="Wesleyan Reform Union">Wesleyan Reform Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth<br />Brethren</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren_Christian_Church" title="Plymouth Brethren Christian Church">Plymouth Brethren Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needed_Truth_Brethren" title="Needed Truth Brethren">Needed Truth Brethren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_Pentecostalism" title="Holiness Pentecostalism">Holiness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redeemed_Christian_Church_of_God" title="Redeemed Christian Church of God">Redeemed Christian Church of God</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finished_Work" class="mw-redirect" title="Finished Work">Finished<br />Work</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church_(1916_denomination)" title="Apostolic Church (1916 denomination)">Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_Great_Britain" title="Assemblies of God in Great Britain">Assemblies of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Chapel_Association" title="Calvary Chapel Association">Calvary Chapel United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catch_the_Fire_World" title="Catch the Fire World">Catch the Fire World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Churches_UK_and_Ireland" title="Vineyard Churches UK and Ireland">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone–Campbell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churches_of_Christ" title="International Churches of Christ">International Churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Scotland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irvingism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvingism">Irvingism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Catholic Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in <a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">communion</a> with the other <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Northern_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Northern Ireland</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Eastern_Orthodox" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_the_British_Isles_and_Ireland" title="Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland (Antioch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_Ireland" title="Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Ireland">Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Ireland (Constantinople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Great_Britain_and_Western_Europe" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe (ROCOR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Sourozh" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Ireland" title="Catholic Church in Ireland">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Protestant">Proto-Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hussite" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hussite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussite">Hussite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church_of_the_British_Province" title="Moravian Church of the British Province">Moravian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Ireland" title="Lutheran Church in Ireland">Lutheran Church in Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(Ireland)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (Ireland)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ulster" title="Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster">Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterian Church in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Union_of_Ireland" title="Congregational Union of Ireland">Congregational Union of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Ireland" title="Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland">Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Methodist_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches">Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Methodist Church in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth<br />Brethren</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren_Christian_Church" title="Plymouth Brethren Christian Church">Plymouth Brethren Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needed_Truth_Brethren" title="Needed Truth Brethren">Needed Truth Brethren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Churches_Ireland" title="Christian Churches Ireland">Christian Churches Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Churches_UK_and_Ireland" title="Vineyard Churches UK and Ireland">Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-subscribing_Presbyterian_Church_of_Ireland" title="Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland">Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Ireland" title="Quakers in Ireland">Quakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone–Campbell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churches_of_Christ" title="International Churches of Christ">International Churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Ireland" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Ireland">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irvingism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvingism">Irvingism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wales</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Russian_Orthodox_Churches_in_Western_Europe" title="Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe">Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Thyateira_and_Great_Britain" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Great_Britain_and_Western_Europe" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe (ROCOR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Diocese_of_Sourozh" title="Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh">Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Orthodox_Church" title="British Orthodox Church">British Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Wales" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK,_Europe_and_Africa_Malankara_Orthodox_Diocese" title="UK, Europe and Africa Malankara Orthodox Diocese">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Great_Britain" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Great Britain">Syro-Malabar Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_the_Holy_Family_of_London" title="Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of the Holy Family of London">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Anglican Catholic Ordinariate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_England" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of England">Evangelical Lutheran Church of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales">Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Fellowship_of_Congregational_Churches" title="Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches">Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Evangelical_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches">Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Welsh_Independents" title="Union of Welsh Independents">Union of Welsh Independents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinistic_Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinistic Methodists">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterian Church of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_Unitarian_and_Free_Christian_Churches" title="General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches">General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptists_Together" title="Baptists Together">Baptists Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Wales" title="Baptist Union of Wales">Baptist Union of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Baptist_Union" title="Old Baptist Union">Old Baptist Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth<br />Brethren</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren_Christian_Church" title="Plymouth Brethren Christian Church">Plymouth Brethren Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needed_Truth_Brethren" title="Needed Truth Brethren">Needed Truth Brethren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_Great_Britain" title="Assemblies of God in Great Britain">Assemblies of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone–Campbell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churches_of_Christ" title="International Churches of Christ">International Churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Wales" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irvingism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irvingism">Irvingism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in <a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">communion</a> with the other <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox Churches</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Porvoo_Communion" title="Porvoo Communion">Porvoo Communion</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe_member_churches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CPCE" title="Template:CPCE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:CPCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:CPCE (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CPCE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CPCE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe_member_churches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" title="Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe">Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe</a> member churches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional<sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"Federations"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Alsace and<br />Lorraine</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.25 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Reformed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Germany</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(19.2 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="United churches">United</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(8.1 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Anhalt" title="Protestant Church of Anhalt">Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Baden" title="Protestant Church in Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Berlin,_Brandenburg_and_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia" title="Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia">Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Bremen" title="Evangelical Church of Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Central_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Central Germany">Central Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_Electorate-Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck">Hesse Electorate-Waldeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Hesse_and_Nassau" title="Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau">Hesse and Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Palatinate" title="Evangelical Church of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_the_Rhineland" title="Evangelical Church in the Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Westphalia" title="Evangelical Church of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(10.8 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Brunswick" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Hanover" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Oldenburg" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Saxony" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church in Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.3 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Lippe" title="Church of Lippe">Church of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany">Evangelical Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Protestant Church of Switzerland">Switzerland</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2.4 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reformed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_Aargau" title="Reformed Church of Aargau">Aargau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Appenzell" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Appenzell">Appenzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Basel-Landschaft" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Basel-Stadt" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_of_the_Canton_Bern-Jura-Solothurn" title="Reformed Churches of the Canton Bern-Jura-Solothurn">Bern-Jura-Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Freiburg" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Geneva" title="Protestant Church of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Glarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Glarus (page does not exist)">Glarus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Landeskirche_des_Kantons_Glarus" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Landeskirche des Kantons Glarus">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Graub%C3%BCnden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Graubünden (page does not exist)">Graubünden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Landeskirche_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche Graubünden">de</a>; <a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baselgia_evangelica_refuormada_dal_Grischun" class="extiw" title="rm:Baselgia evangelica refuormada dal Grischun">rm</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed Church of the Canton of Neuchâtel (page does not exist)">Neuchâtel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9e_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique_du_canton_de_Neuch%C3%A2tel" class="extiw" title="fr:Église réformée évangélique du canton de Neuchâtel">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Nidwalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Nidwalen (page does not exist)">Nidwalen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Kirche_Nidwalden" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche Nidwalden">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Evangelical-Reformed_Churches_in_the_Canton_of_Obwalden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Evangelical-Reformed Churches in the Canton of Obwalden (page does not exist)">Obwalden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verband_der_evangelisch-reformierten_Kirchgemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden" class="extiw" title="de:Verband der evangelisch-reformierten Kirchgemeinden des Kantons Obwalden">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_St._Gallen" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangalical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Schaffhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangalical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Schwyz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Schwyz (page does not exist)">Schwyz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Kantonalkirche_Schwyz" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Kantonalkirche Schwyz">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Solothurn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Solothurn (page does not exist)">Solothurn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Kirche_im_Kanton_Solothurn" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche im Kanton Solothurn">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_Ticino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of Ticino (page does not exist)">Ticino</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_evangelica_riformata_nel_Ticino" class="extiw" title="de:Chiesa evangelica riformata nel Ticino">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Thurgau" title="Evangelical Church of the Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Uri" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Uri">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Vaud" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Vaud">Vaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Valais" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Valais">Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Zug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Zug (page does not exist)">Zug</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Kirchgemeinde_des_Kantons_Zug" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Kirchgemeinde des Kantons Zug">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="United churches">United</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1.94 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_in_Belgium" title="United Protestant Church in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Czech_Brethren" title="Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Methodist_and_Waldensian_Churches" title="Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Liechtenstein" title="Evangelical Church in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Luxembourg" title="Protestant Church of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Protestant Church in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Evangelical_Church" title="Spanish Evangelical Church">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(8.6 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Austria" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Evangelical Church in the Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_in_Hungary" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Ireland" title="Lutheran Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Italy" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li>Latvia <ul><li>German Lutheran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_Worldwide" title="Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Worldwide"><span style="color:Orange;">Abroad</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Romania" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania">German Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Romania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania">Hungarian Lutheran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Serbia" title="Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovakia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovenia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_Switzerland_and_the_Principality_of_Liechtenstein" title="Federation of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein">Switzerland</a></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">German Lutheran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(3.06 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Austria" title="Reformed Church in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Croatia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren_(Czech_Republic)" title="Church of the Brethren (Czech Republic)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Synod_of_Denmark" title="Reformed Synod of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Evangelical_Church" title="Greek Evangelical Church">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Evangelical_Reformed_Church" title="Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Luxembourg" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Reformed_Church" title="Polish Reformed Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_Portugal" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li>Scotland <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Serbia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Slovakia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Sub-Carpathia/_Reformed_Church_in_Transcarpathia" title="Reformed Church in Sub-Carpathia/ Reformed Church in Transcarpathia">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(12.23 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church"><span style="color:Orange;">United Methodist Church</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Hussite_Church" title="Czechoslovak Hussite Church">Czechoslovak Hussite Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church"><span style="color:Orange;">Moravian Church</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remonstrants" title="Remonstrants">Remonstrant Brotherhood</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside Europe<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.04 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_River_Plate" title="Evangelical Church of the River Plate">United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_in_Argentina" title="Reformed Churches in Argentina">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_Argentina" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina">Methodist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Ecuador" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_River_Plate" title="Waldensian Evangelical Church of the River Plate">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Sweden" title="Uniting Church in Sweden">Uniting Church in Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Latvia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Those are legal umbrella bodies which represent their member churches before the national government. They encompass multiple individual autonomous churches of differnet traditions which are themselves members of the CPCE.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span style="color:Orange;">International churches</span> </p> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922480#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000040514226X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140145807">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/80255-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80067131">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947505g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947505g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Church of Scotland"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050512051&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259715905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027432548">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Church_of_Scotland&params=55_56_59_N_3_11_42_W_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°56′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°11′42″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.94972°N 3.19500°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.94972; -3.19500</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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