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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_of_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Head of state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_of_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Head_of_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Head_of_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Head of government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Head_of_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>State governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Local governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military,_police_and_other_governmental_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military,_police_and_other_governmental_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Military, police and other governmental bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military,_police_and_other_governmental_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legal system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="حكومة ماليزيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobyerno_kan_Malasya" title="Gobyerno kan Malasya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gobyerno kan Malasya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="دولت مالزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت مالزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_de_Malaisie" title="Gouvernement de Malaisie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement de Malaisie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Federal_Malaysia" title="Pemerintah Federal Malaysia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintah Federal Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მალაიზიის პოლიტიკური სისტემა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაიზიის პოლიტიკური სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Persekutuan_Malaysia" title="Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="حکومت ملائیشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حکومت ملائیشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Правительство Малайзии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правительство Малайзии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மலேசிய அரசாங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலேசிய அரசாங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="حکومت ملائیشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حکومت ملائیشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="馬來西亞政府 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬來西亞政府" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="马来西亚政府 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马来西亚政府" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal government of Malaysia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Federal Government of Malaysia <br /> <i>Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia</i> <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">‏كراجأن ڤرسكوتوان مليسيا</span>‎</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensign of the Government of Malaysia"><img alt="Ensign of the Government of Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/375px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/500px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Coat of arms of Malaysia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963<span class="noprint">; 61 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1963-09-16</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia"><img alt="Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/index">www.malaysia.gov.my</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align:middle;background-color:#efefef;">Legislative branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meeting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Houses_of_Parliament" title="Malaysian Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align:middle;background-color:#efefef;">Executive branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Putra" title="Perdana Putra">Perdana Putra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main organ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align:middle;background-color:#efefef;">Judicial branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Justice (Malaysia)">Palace of Justice</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Government of Malaysia</b>, officially the <b>Federal Government of Malaysia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia</i>; <a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">‏كراجأن ڤرسكوتوان مليسيا</span>‎), is based in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>, with the exception of the legislative branch, which is located in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> is a federation composed of <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">the 11 States of Malaya, the Borneo States of Sabah and Sarawak, and 3 Federal Territories</a> operating within a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a> and is categorised as a <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government">federal government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> adheres to and is created by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Federal Constitution of Malaysia</a>, the supreme law of the land. </p><p>The federal government adopts the principle of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> under Article 127 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has three branches: the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_Malaysia" title="State governments of Malaysia">state governments</a> in Malaysia also have their respective executive and legislative bodies. The judicial system in Malaysia is a federalised court system operating uniformly throughout the country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Federal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia">Federalism in Malaysia</a></div> <p>The federal or <a href="/wiki/Central_government" title="Central government">central government</a> is the ultimate authority in Malaysia and located in <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>. It is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislature">Legislature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></div> <p>The bicameral parliament consists of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, the House of Representatives or <i><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></i> (literally the "Chamber of the People") and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, the Senate or <i><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a></i> (literally the "Chamber of the Nation").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All seventy <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a> members sit for three-year terms (to a maximum of two terms); twenty-six are elected by the thirteen state assemblies, and forty-four are appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (King of Malaysia) on the advice of the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-state.gov_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 222 members of the <i>Dewan Rakyat</i> are elected from single-member districts by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. The parliament follows a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a> and the governing body is elected through <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a> has a maximum mandate of five years by law. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may dissolve parliament at any time and usually does so upon the advice of the Prime Minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive">Executive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Executive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet of Malaysia</a></div> <p>While the monarch is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, real executive power is vested in the Cabinet, led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>; the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commands a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of Parliament and is responsible to that body.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Executive branch of the Government of Malaysia consists of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> as the head of the government, followed by the various ministers of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary of Malaysia</a></div> <p>The highest court in the judicial system is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/High_court_(Malaysia)" title="High court (Malaysia)">High Courts</a>, one for <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>, and one for <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a>. The subordinate courts in each of these jurisdictions include <a href="/wiki/Sessions_Court" title="Sessions Court">Sessions Courts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magistrates%27_court" title="Magistrates' court">Magistrates' Courts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_court" title="Juvenile court">Courts for Children</a>. Malaysia also has a Special Court to hear cases brought by or against all Royalty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head_of_state">Head of state</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Head of state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg/220px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg/330px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg/440px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia-Istana_Negara-Jalan-Duta-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5689" data-file-height="3793" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Istana_Negara,_Jalan_Tuanku_Abdul_Halim" title="Istana Negara, Jalan Tuanku Abdul Halim">Istana Negara</a>, the residence and office of the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">He Who is Made Lord</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi</a>: <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ms-Arab" dir="rtl">يڠ دڤرتوان اݢوڠ</span></span>), also known as the Supreme Head or the King, is the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional monarch">constitutional monarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The office was established in 1957, when the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> (now Malaysia) gained <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of Malaya">independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a>, comprising the nine <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">rulers of the Malay states</a>, with the office <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> rotated between them, making Malaysia one of the world's few <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Elective monarchies">elective monarchies</a>. In accordance with Article 41 of the Constitution, the <i>Yang di-Pertuan Agong</i> is Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a>. As such, he is the highest-ranking officer in the <a href="/wiki/Military_chain_of_command" class="mw-redirect" title="Military chain of command">military chain of command</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Head_of_government">Head of government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Head of government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Perdana Putra." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/220px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/330px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/440px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Perdana_Putra" title="Perdana Putra">Perdana Putra</a> houses the office complex of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i>Perdana Menteri Malaysia</i>) is the indirect head of government (executive) of Malaysia. The prime minister is appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, and is someone who in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's opinion is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives (<i>Dewan Rakyat</i>), the elected lower house of Parliament. The prime minister heads the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a>, whose members are appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, on the advice of the prime minister. The prime minister and his Cabinet are collectively responsible to Parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Department_(Malaysia)" title="Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)">Prime Minister's Department</a> (sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister's Office) is the body and ministry in which the prime minister exercises their functions and powers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_governments">State governments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: State governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_Malaysia" title="State governments of Malaysia">State governments of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislative assemblies of Malaysia</a></div> <p>Each state government in Malaysia is created by its respective state constitution. Each state has a unicameral <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">state legislative chamber</a> (Malay: <i>Dewan Undangan Negeri</i>) whose members are elected from single-member <a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">constituencies</a>. State executive councils (EXCO) of states of Malaya, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sabah" title="Cabinet of Sabah">Cabinet of Sabah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sarawak" title="Cabinet of Sarawak">Cabinet of Sarawak</a> are led by <a href="/wiki/Menteri_besar" class="mw-redirect" title="Menteri besar">Menteri Besar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief Ministers</a> in states without hereditary rulers,<sup id="cite_ref-state.gov_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state.gov-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who are state assembly members from the majority party in the state legislative chamber. They advise their respective <a href="/wiki/Sultan#Current_sultans" title="Sultan">sultans</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">governors</a>. In each of the states with a hereditary ruler, the <i>Menteri Besar</i> is required to be a <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a>, appointed by the sultan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_governments">Local governments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Local governments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local government in Malaysia</a></div> <p>The local government or local authority (Malay: <i>kerajaan tempatan</i> or <i>pihak berkuasa tempatan</i> (PBT)) is the lowest level in the system of government in Malaysia—after federal and state. It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of <a href="/wiki/Assessment_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Assessment tax">assessment tax</a>), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws) and to grant licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing <a href="/wiki/Amenity" title="Amenity">basic amenities</a>, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing the area under its jurisdiction. Local authorities in Malaysia are generally under the exclusive purview of the state governments and headed by a civil servant with the title Yang Di-Pertua (President). Local government areas and the boundaries are usually consistent with <a href="/wiki/District" title="District">district</a> boundaries but there are some places where the boundaries are not consistent and may overlap with adjoining districts especially in urbanised areas. </p><p>Unlike the federal and state governments, the local governments in Malaysia are not elected but appointed by the state government after local council elections were suspended by the federal government in 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military,_police_and_other_governmental_bodies"><span id="Military.2C_police_and_other_governmental_bodies"></span>Military, police and other governmental bodies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Military, police and other governmental bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military body</a> of Malaysia while the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Malaysian Police">Royal Malaysia Police</a> are in charge of <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_system">Legal system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legal system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law of Malaysia</a></div> <p>The law of Malaysia is mainly based on the common law <a href="/wiki/Legal_system" title="Legal system">legal system</a>. This was a direct result of the colonisation of Malaya, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> between the early 19th century to 1960s. The supreme law of the land—the Constitution of Malaysia—sets out the legal framework and rights of <a href="/wiki/Malaysians" title="Malaysians">Malaysian</a> citizens. Federal laws enacted by the Parliament of Malaysia apply throughout the country. There are also state laws enacted by the State Legislative Assemblies which applies in the particular state. The constitution of Malaysia also provides for a unique dual justice system—the secular laws (criminal and civil) and <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia laws</a>. </p><p>Articles 73 to 79 of the Federal Constitution specifies the subject in which the federal and state government may legislate. Parliament has the exclusive power to make laws over matters falling under the Federal List (such as citizenship, defence, internal security, civil and criminal law, finance, trade, commerce and industry, education, labour, and tourism) whereas each state, through its Legislative Assembly, has legislative power over matters under the State List (such as land, local government, sharia law and sharia courts, state holidays and state public works). Parliament and state legislatures share the power to make laws over matters under the Concurrent List (such as water supplies and housing) but Article 75 provides that in the event of conflict, federal law will prevail over state law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections">Elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections in Malaysia</a></div> <p>Elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: national level and state level. National level elections are those for membership in the <i>Dewan Rakyat</i>, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The head of the executive branch, the prime minister, is appointed from among members of the winning coalition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia">Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary to the Government">Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federal agencies in Malaysia">List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963">"Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Malaysia" title="National Archives of Malaysia">National Archives of Malaysia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formation+of+Malaysia+16+September+1963&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkib.gov.my%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fpenubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeong Chun Hai @ Ibrahim, & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2012). <i>Principles of Public Administration: Malaysian Perspectives.</i> Kuala Lumpur: Pearson Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-967-349-233-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-967-349-233-6">978-967-349-233-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622185740/http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/Pages/AboutMsianGov.aspx">"About the Malaysian Government"</a>. Government of Malaysia. 28 August 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/Pages/AboutMsianGov.aspx">the original</a> on 22 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Malaysian+Government&rft.pub=Government+of+Malaysia&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmygov.malaysia.gov.my%2FEN%2FMain%2FMsianGov%2FPages%2FAboutMsianGov.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_44" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia:Article 44</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_45" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia:Article 45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-state.gov-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-state.gov_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-state.gov_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm">"Malaysia"</a>. State.gov. 14 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia&rft.pub=State.gov&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F2777.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_43" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia:Article 43-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia#Article_43" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution of Malaysia:Article 43-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-38298610">"Malaysia king: Sultan Muhammad V sworn in"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Malaysia+king%3A+Sultan+Muhammad+V+sworn+in&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-38298610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+Malaysia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Malaysia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysia.gov.my/">Government of Malaysia portal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apdmkpm.my/">APDM Student portal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Federal_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Federal Government of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Federal_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Federal Government of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Senior Minister of Malaysia">Senior Ministers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Federal Ministries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Department_(Malaysia)" title="Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia)">Prime Minister's Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Food_Security_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (Malaysia)">Agriculture and Food Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Digital">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Malaysia)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Digital_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Digital (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Domestic_Trade_and_Costs_of_Living" title="Ministry of Domestic Trade and Costs of Living">Domestic Trade and Costs of Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Economy (Malaysia)">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Education (Malaysia)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Energy_Transition_and_Water_Transformation_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Energy Transition and Water Transformation (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Energy Transition and Water Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Entrepreneur_and_Cooperatives_Development" title="Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperatives Development">Entrepreneur and Cooperatives Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environmental_Sustainability_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability (Malaysia)">Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Federal Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Malaysia)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)">Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Health (Malaysia)">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Higher Education (Malaysia)">Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (Malaysia)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Local_Government_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Housing and Local Government (Malaysia)">Housing and Local Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resources_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Human Resources (Malaysia)">Human Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Investment,_Trade_and_Industry_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Investment, Trade and Industry (Malaysia)">Investment, Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Unity_(Malaysia)" title="Minister of National Unity (Malaysia)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Natural_Resources_and_Environmental_Sustainability" title="Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability">Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Plantation_and_Commodities" title="Ministry of Plantation and Commodities">Plantation and Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_and_Regional_Development" title="Ministry of Rural and Regional Development">Rural and Regional Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science,_Technology_and_Innovation_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia)">Science, Technology and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism,_Arts,_and_Culture" title="Ministry of Tourism, Arts, and Culture">Tourism, Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Transport (Malaysia)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women,_Family_and_Community_Development" title="Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development">Women, Family and Community Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Works_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Works (Malaysia)">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Youth and Sports (Malaysia)">Youth and Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_body" title="Statutory body">Commissions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Aviation_Commission" title="Malaysian Aviation Commission">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Communications_and_Multimedia_Commission" title="Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission">Communications and Multimedia Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Companies Commission of Malaysia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Commission_(Malaysia)" title="Energy Commission (Malaysia)">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Human Rights Commission of Malaysia">Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Police_Conduct_Commission" title="Independent Police Conduct Commission">Independent Police Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Services_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Public Services Commission of Malaysia">Public Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_Commission_Malaysia" title="Securities Commission Malaysia">Securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Department_(Malaysia)" title="National Audit Department (Malaysia)">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_of_Malaysia" title="Immigration Department of Malaysia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Skills_Development" title="Department of Skills Development">Skills Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Wildlife_and_National_Parks_Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia">Wildlife and National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli_Affairs_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Asli Affairs Department">Orang Asli Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Public_Works_Department" title="Malaysian Public Works Department">Public Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Transport_Department_Malaysia" title="Road Transport Department Malaysia">Road Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Department_of_Malaysia" title="Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia">Fire and Rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Civil_Defence_Force" title="Malaysia Civil Defence Force">Civil Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Development_Corporation_Malaysia" title="National Film Development Corporation Malaysia">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Prison_Department" title="Malaysian Prison Department">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Islamic_Development_Malaysia" title="Department of Islamic Development Malaysia">Islamic Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">Other agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Agricultural_Research_and_Development_Institute" title="Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute">Agricultural Research and Development Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernama" title="Bernama">Bernama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agricultural_Marketing_Authority_(Malaysia)" title="Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (Malaysia)">Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Land_Development_Authority" title="Federal Land Development Authority">Federal Land Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Research_Institute_Malaysia" title="Forest Research Institute Malaysia">Forest Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal_Development_Corporation" title="Halal Development Corporation">Halal Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Highway_Authority" title="Malaysian Highway Authority">Highway Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Investment_Development_Authority" title="Malaysian Investment Development Authority">Investment Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Enforcement_Agency" title="Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency">Maritime Enforcement Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Public_Administration_(Malaysia)" title="National Institute of Public Administration (Malaysia)">National Institute of Public Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sports_Council_of_Malaysia" title="National Sports Council of Malaysia">National Sports Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Palm_Oil_Board" title="Malaysian Palm Oil Board">Palm Oil Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_Industry_Smallholders_Development_Authority" title="Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority">Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Space_Agency" title="Malaysian Space Agency">Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDA_Holdings" title="UDA Holdings">Urban Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Volunteers_Corps_Department" title="Malaysia Volunteers Corps Department">Volunteers Corps Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Authority_of_Malaysia" title="Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia">Civil Aviation Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency">Law enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Anti-Corruption_Commission" title="Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission">Anti-Corruption Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Customs_Department" title="Royal Malaysian Customs Department">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Maritime_Enforcement_Agency" title="Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency">Maritime Enforcement Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Malaysia)" title="National Security Council (Malaysia)">National Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysia_Police" title="Royal Malaysia Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_Police_(Malaysia)" title="Tourist Police (Malaysia)">Tourist Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malaysia" title="Central Bank of Malaysia">Central Bank of Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federal_government_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Federal government of Malaysia">Federal government of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federal_ministries,_departments_and_agencies_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Federal ministries, departments and agencies of Malaysia">Ministries, departments and agencies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governments_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governments_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Governments of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Premiership_of_Hussein_Onn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premiership of Hussein Onn (page does not exist)">Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_premiership_of_Mahathir_Mohamad" class="mw-redirect" title="First premiership of Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Abdullah_Ahmad_Badawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiership of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi">Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Najib_Razak" title="Premiership of Najib Razak">Najib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_premiership_of_Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Second premiership of Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Muhyiddin_Yassin" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiership of Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Premiership of Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Anwar_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiership of Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Malaysia&#124;link=Malaysia_Malaysian_Executive_Councils" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysian_executive_councils" title="Template:Malaysian executive councils"><abbr 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Malaysian Executive Councils</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet of Malaysia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State Executive Council</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor_State_Executive_Council" title="Johor State Executive Council">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_State_Executive_Council" title="Kedah State Executive Council">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_State_Executive_Council" title="Kelantan State Executive Council">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca_State_Executive_Council" title="Malacca State Executive Council">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_State_Executive_Council" title="Negeri Sembilan State Executive Council">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_State_Executive_Council" title="Pahang State Executive Council">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_State_Executive_Council" title="Penang State Executive Council">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_State_Executive_Council" title="Perak State Executive Council">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis_State_Executive_Council" title="Perlis State Executive Council">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_State_Executive_Council" title="Selangor State Executive Council">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_State_Executive_Council" title="Terengganu State Executive Council">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State Cabinet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sabah" title="Cabinet of Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Sarawak" title="Cabinet of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malaysia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_topics" title="Template talk:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malaysia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysian_history" title="Timeline of Malaysian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Second Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Malaysian_constitutional_crisis" title="1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis">1988 constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1MDB scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Borders of Malaysia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Populated places in Malaysia">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Malaysia" title="Environment of Malaysia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Malaysia" title="Climate change in Malaysia">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Malaysia" title="Conservation in Malaysia">conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malaysia" title="Environmental issues in Malaysia">environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_of_Malaysia" title="List of plants of Malaysia">plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of hill stations in Malaysia">Hill stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Malaysia" title="List of mountains in Malaysia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_Malaysia" title="List of national parks in Malaysia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Malaysia" title="List of earthquakes in Malaysia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Malaysia" title="List of volcanoes in Malaysia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Shadow Cabinet of Malaysia">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">Monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislative assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malaysia" title="Agriculture in Malaysia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Malaysia" title="List of banks in Malaysia">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malaysia" title="Central Bank of Malaysia">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" title="Energy policy of Malaysia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_federal_budget" title="Malaysian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Ringgit <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">States and municipalities by exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malaysia" title="Science and technology in Malaysia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Malaysia" title="Trade unions in Malaysia">Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_and_the_World_Bank" title="Malaysia and the World Bank">World Bank Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Society of Malaysia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malaysia" title="Abortion in Malaysia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Malaysia" title="Health in Malaysia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Human trafficking in Malaysia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Malaysia" title="Income inequality in Malaysia">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Malaysia" title="Prostitution in Malaysia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Sex trafficking in Malaysia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Malaysia" title="Squatting in Malaysia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Malaysia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Malaysia" title="Women in Malaysia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Architecture in Malaysia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Malaysia" title="Folklore of Malaysia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Malay ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malaysia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Flower</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Malaysia" title="Bibliography of Malaysia">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malaysia" title="Category:Malaysia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governments_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governments_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governments of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Afghanistan" title="Government of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Brunei" title="Government of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iran" title="Government of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a 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Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Singapore" title="Government of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Syria" title="Government of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uzbekistan" title="Government of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a 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title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" 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