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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Damodar Pande</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="दामोदर पाँडे – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="दामोदर पाँडे" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="दामोदर पांडे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दामोदर पांडे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Damodar Pande" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="दामोदर पाण्डे – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="दामोदर पाण्डे" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="दामोदर पाँडे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दामोदर पाँडे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87" title="ダモダル・パンデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダモダル・パンデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damodar_Pande" title="Damodar Pande – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damodar Pande" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Панде, Дамодар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панде, Дамодар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87" title="தாமோதர பாண்டே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமோதர பாண்டே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%BD%98%E5%BE%B7" title="达摩达尔·潘德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="达摩达尔·潘德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mul (Chief) Kazi of Nepal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">Sri</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">Sri</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri">Sri</a> <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> <a href="/wiki/Saheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Saheb">Saheb</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Damodar Pande</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;">श्री श्री श्री मूलकाजी साहेब <br /><b>दामोदर पाँडे</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Damodar_Pande_(Nepal)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Damodar_Pande_%28Nepal%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="2354" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Nepal">Mulkazi (Prime Minister) of Nepal</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">मूलकाजी साहेब</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 1803 CE – March 1804 CE</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah">Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bakhtawar_Singh_Basnyat" title="Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat">Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ranajit_Pande" title="Ranajit Pande">Ranajit Pande</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Nepalese_Army" title="Chief of the Nepalese Army">Commander-in-Chief of Nepal Army</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />TBD – March 1804</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1752<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1752</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 13, 1804<span style="display:none">(1804-03-13)</span> (aged 51–52)<br />Bhadrakali, <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5 sons: Ranakeshar Pande, Ranabam Pande, Ranadal Pande, <a href="/wiki/Rana_Jang_Pande" title="Rana Jang Pande">Rana Jang Pande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbir_Pande" title="Karbir Pande">Karbir Pande</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a> (father)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">General</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a> (I&II)<sup id="cite_ref-nepalarmy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nepalarmy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Damodar Pande</b> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span lang="ne">दामोदर पाँडे</span>) (1752 – March 13, 1804) was the <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji of Nepal</a> (equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Prime Minister of Nepal</a>) from 1803 until March 1804 and the most influential Kaji from 1794 to his execution on March 13, 1804. He is also arguably referred to as the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Prime Minister of Nepal</a>. He was the youngest son of famous Kaji of Prithivi Narayan Shah <a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a>. He was born in 1752 in Gorkha. Damodar Pande was one of the commanders during the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a> and in Nepal-Tibet War.<sup id="cite_ref-nepalarmy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nepalarmy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was among the successful Gorkhali warriors sent towards the east by Prithivinarayan Shah. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Damodar_Pande" title="Execution of Damodar Pande">his execution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranajit_Pande" title="Ranajit Pande">Ranajit Pande</a> (who was his paternal cousin) was established as <a href="/wiki/Mulkaji" title="Mulkaji">Mulkaji</a> (Chief <i><a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a></i>), along with <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a> as second <i><a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Shah" title="Sher Bahadur Shah">Sher Bahadur Shah</a> as Mul Chautariya and <a href="/wiki/Ranganath_Paudel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranganath Paudel">Ranganath Paudel</a> as Raj Guru (Royal Preceptor).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pande_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pande dynasty">Pande dynasty</a></div> <p>He was born on 1752 A.D. to Kaji of Gorkha, <a href="/wiki/Kalu_Pande" title="Kalu Pande">Kalu Pande</a>. He belonged to a Hindu <a href="/wiki/Chhetri" title="Chhetri">Chhetri</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahesh_Chandra_Regmi197573_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahesh_Chandra_Regmi197573-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His elder brother was <a href="/wiki/Vamsharaj_Pande" title="Vamsharaj Pande">Vamsharaj Pande</a>, Dewan of Nepal. He had five sons among which <a href="/wiki/Rana_Jang_Pande" title="Rana Jang Pande">Rana Jang Pande</a> became <a href="/wiki/Mukhtiyar" title="Mukhtiyar">Mukhtiyar</a> of Nepal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sino-Nepalese_war">Sino-Nepalese war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sino-Nepalese war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sino-Nepalese_War" title="Sino-Nepalese War">Sino-Nepalese War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Invasion">First Invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the year 1788, <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah</a> sent Gorkha troops under the joint command of Damodar Pande and <a href="/wiki/Bam_Shah" title="Bam Shah">Bam Shah</a> to attack Tibet. The Gorkha troops entered Tibet through Kuti (<a href="/wiki/Nyalam_Town" title="Nyalam Town">Nyalam Town</a>) and reached as far as <a href="/wiki/Tashilhunpo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tashilhunpo">Tashilhunpo</a> (about 410 km. from Kuti). A fierce battle was fought at <a href="/wiki/Shelkar" title="Shelkar">Shikarjong</a> in which the Tibetans were badly defeated. The <a href="/wiki/Panchen_Lama" title="Panchen Lama">Panchen Lama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakya_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakya (tribe)">Sakya</a> Lama then requested the Gorkha troops to have peace talks. So the Gorkha troops left Shikarjong and went towards Kuti and Kerung (<a href="/wiki/Gyirong_County" title="Gyirong County">Gyirong</a>). </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a> of China heard the news of the invasion of Tibet by Nepal, he sent a large troop of the Chinese army under the command of General Chanchu. Chancchu learned of the situation from the Tibetan Lamas. He decided to stay in Tibet till the dispute was settled. </p><p>The representatives of Tibet and Nepal met at Khiru in 1789 for peace talks. In the talks Tibet was held responsible for the quarrel and were required to give compensation to Nepal for the losses incurred in the war. Tibet had also to pay as tribute to Nepal a sum of Rs. 50,001 every year in return for giving back to Tibet all the territories acquired during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-nepalarmytwo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nepalarmytwo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called the <b>Treaty of Kerung</b>. The Nepalese representatives were given Rs. 50,001 as the first installment. So giving back the territories - Kerung, Kuti, Longa, Jhunga and Falak went back to Nepal. But Tibet refused to pay the tributes after the first year of the conclusion of the treaty. As a result, the war between Nepal and Tibet continued. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Invasion">Second Invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Second Invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Tibet had refused to pay the tribute to Nepal, Bahadur Shah sent an army under <a href="/wiki/Abhiman_Singh_Basnet" title="Abhiman Singh Basnet">Abhiman Singh Basnet</a> to Kerung and another army under the command of Damodar Pande to Kuti in 1791. Damodar Pande attacked Digarcha and captured the property of the monastery there. He also arrested the minister of <a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbrc.org/#!rid=P300">Dhoren Kazi</a> (Tib. Rdo ring Bstan 'dzin dpal 'byor, b.1760) and returned to Nepal. As soon as this news was heard by the Qianlong Emperor, he sent a strong troop of 70,000 soldiers under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Fuk%27anggan" title="Fuk'anggan">Fuk'anggan</a> to defend Tibet. Thus in 1792 the Nepal - Tibet war turned into a war between Nepal and the Qing empire. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a> asked Nepal to return the property to Tibet which was looted at Digarcha. They also demanded them to give back <a href="/wiki/Shamarpa" title="Shamarpa">Shamarpa</a> Lama who had taken asylum in Nepal. But Nepal turned a deaf ear to these demands. The Qing imperial army responded to Nepal with military intervention. The Qing forces marched along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Trishuli_River" title="Trishuli River">Trishuli River</a> until they reached Nuwakot.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2019)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> The Nepalese troops attempted to defend against the Qing attack, but were already faced with overwhelming odds. Heavy damage was inflicted on both sides and the Chinese army pushed the Gurkhas back to the inner hills close to the Nepali capital. However, a comprehensive defeat of the Gorkhali army could not be achieved. </p><p>At the same time, Nepal was dealing with military confrontations along two other fronts. The nation of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a> had begun incursions along Nepal's eastern border. Along the far-western side, the war with Garhwal continued. Within Nepal's own borders, the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Achham" class="mw-redirect" title="Achham">Achham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doti#History" title="Doti">Doti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jumla" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jumla">Jumla</a> openly revolted. Thus the problems that Bahadur Shah faced made it much harder to defend against the Qing army. The anxious Bahadur Shah asked for 10 howitzer mountain guns from the British East India Company. Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Kirkpatrick_(East_India_Company_officer)" title="William Kirkpatrick (East India Company officer)">William Kirkpatrick</a> arrived in Kathmandu,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he put conditions of business treaty for delivery of the weapons. Wary of the British interest, weapons were not received and the war situation became critical for Bahadur Shah. </p><p>After a series of successful battles, the Qing army suffered a major setback when they tried to cross a monsoon-flooded Betrawati, close to a Gorkhali palace in Nuwakot. As the Qing troops had reached south of the Betravati river, near Nuwakot, it was difficult for the Nepalese troops to wait for them at Kathmandu. At Kathmandu, a Nepalese force of less than 200 soldiers attempted to resist the Qing troops at Betravati. On September 19, 1792, Nepalese troops launched a counterattack against the Qing forces encamped at Jitpurfedi. The Nepalese used a tactic where their soldiers carried lit torches in their hands, tying them to the branches of trees, and tying flaming torches on the horns of domestic animals and driving them towards the enemy. The Qing army suffered a defeat, but the loss failed to dislodge them from Nepal. </p><p>A stalemate ensued, and with their resources low and looming uncertainty regarding how long they would be able to hold on in addition to the need to continue their expansion drive on the western frontier, the Gorkhalis signed a treaty on the terms dictated by the Qing that required, among other obligations, Nepal to send tributes to the Qing emperor every five years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaty_of_Betrawati">Treaty of Betrawati</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treaty of Betrawati"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_(Hall_of_Purple_Glaze).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg/209px-Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg/314px-Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg/418px-Victory_banquet_at_the_Ziguangge_%28Hall_of_Purple_Glaze%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption> The celebration of consolidation of Tibet after the Gurkha Campaign (Nepal) 1792</figcaption></figure> <p>On the 8th day of <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Nepali_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Nepali calendar)">Bhadra</a>, 10,000 Chinese troops advanced forward from Betrawati river. There were three forts passed the Betrawati river namely; Chokde, Dudethumko, and Gerkhu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Gerkhu, the commanding officer was <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirtiman_Singh_Basnyat" title="Kirtiman Singh Basnyat">Kirtiman Singh Basnyat</a> and at Chokde, the commanding officer was <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> Damodar Pande.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were serious fightings around all the three forts and heavy repulse from Nepalese forces compelled Chinese troops to retreat to Betrawati river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Betrawati bridge, the Chinese General Tung Thyang began to punish retreating Chinese soldiers with severe injuries resulting in their death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the Chinese officers who retreated beyond the Betrawati river were punished with injury to their nose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The action of the Chinese General demotivated the troops and increase rapid desertion and retreat through other routes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Chinese troops died falling from hills into river and others from the bullets and arrows from Nepalese side.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1000 or 1200 Chinese troops were killed in the manner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese General Tung Thyang lost all hopes of attacking the Nepalese forces and decided to conclude a treaty with Nepal through his letter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter from Tung Thyang reached the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">government of Nepal</a>. In reply, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">government of Nepal</a> issued a royal order deputing Kaji Damodar Pande to conclude a treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Chinese Emperor</a> to prevent further hostility and maintain peace with the Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The royal order issued by King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> to Kaji Damodar Pande on <a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Nepali_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Nepali calendar)">Bhadra</a> Sudi 13, 1849 (September 1792) is detailed below: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Ran Bahadur Shah</a>, </p><p>To Damodar Pande. </p><p>Greetings. All is well here. We desire the same there. The news here is good. The <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Chinese Emperor</a> is not insignificant. He is a great Emperor. We could have repulsed them with the blessing of (Goddess <a href="/wiki/Shri" title="Shri">Shri</a> <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>) when they came here this time. But it will not be good for the future to maintain hostility with the Emperor. He too desires to conclude a treaty, and that is what we too desire. Tung Thwang has sent a letter asking that one of the four <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kajis</a> be sent with letters and present to offer his respects to the Chinese Emperor. <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kajis</a> used to be sent formally to conclude treaties with Tanahu and Lamjung. We realize at present that it will not be proper for us not to depute a Kaji to the Emperor. When the matter was discussed with the other Kajis here, they said that Damdhar(Damodar) Pande, the recipient of Birta (land) grants and senior-most Kaji, should go. So you have to fo. If there is any delay, (the interests) of the State will be harmed. You should therefore depart from there. So far as instructions are concerned, you are a <a href="/wiki/Pande_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pande dynasty">Pande</a> of our court. You are not ignorant of (matters) which will benefit the State and bring you credit. You know (such matters). In this respect, act according to your discretion. Submit a reply to this soon, within 1 ghadi (24 minutes) after you receive this royal order. Delay will be harmful. </p><p> Dated <a href="/wiki/Thursday" title="Thursday">Thursday</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhadra_(Nepali_calendar)" title="Bhadra (Nepali calendar)">Bhadra</a> Sudi 13, 1849 (September 1792) at Kantipur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970b98_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970b98-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_in_power_(1794-1804)"><span id="Rise_in_power_.281794-1804.29"></span>Rise in power (1794-1804)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rise in power (1794-1804)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/220px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/330px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg/440px-Rana_Bahadur_Shah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a>, the King of Nepal from 1777 to 1799.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_(1797-1816)_(restoration).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg/220px-King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg/330px-King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg/440px-King_Girvan_Yuddhavikram_Shah_%281797-1816%29_%28restoration%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4935" data-file-height="6132" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah">Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah</a> (1797–1816)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1794, King <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur Shah</a> came of age, and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Chief Chautaria <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah of Nepal</a>, had no official part to play.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Pande was the most influential <a href="/wiki/Kaji_(Nepal)" title="Kaji (Nepal)">Kaji</a> among the four Kajis appointed after removal of <a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_of_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahadur Shah of Nepal">Bahadur Shah of Nepal</a> even though Chief (<i>Mul</i>) Kaji was <a href="/wiki/Kirtiman_Singh_Basnyat" title="Kirtiman Singh Basnyat">Kirtiman Singh Basnyat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rana Bahadur Shah was shocked and saddened by the death of his mistress in 1799. Owing to his irrational behavior, he was forced to resign by the citizens. He left the throne to his one and half year old son <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah_Deva" class="mw-redirect" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva">Girvan Yuddha Shah</a> and fled to <a href="/wiki/Banaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaras">Banaras</a> along with his followers like <a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Thapa" title="Bhimsen Thapa">Bhimsen Thapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalbhanjan_Pande" title="Dalbhanjan Pande">Dalbhanjan Pande</a> and his wife, the queen <a href="/wiki/Raj_Rajeshwari_Devi" title="Raj Rajeshwari Devi">Raj Rajeshwari Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mulkaji(Prime_Minister)_of_Nepal"><span id="Mulkaji.28Prime_Minister.29_of_Nepal"></span>Mulkaji(Prime Minister) of Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mulkaji(Prime Minister) of Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the minority of the King <a href="/w/index.php?title=Girvan_Yuddha_Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Girvan Yuddha Shah (page does not exist)">Girvan Yuddha Shah</a>, Damodar Pande took over the administration as Mulkaji, or prime minister (1799-1804), with complete control over administration and the power to conduct foreign affairs. He set a significant precedent for later Nepalese history, which has seen a recurring struggle for effective power between king and prime minister. The main policy of Damodar Pande was to protect the young king by keeping his unpredictable father in Banaras and to play off against each other the schemes of the retired king's wives. By 1804 this policy had failed. The former king engineered his return and took over as mukhtiyar.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.jp_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.jp-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg/220px-Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg/330px-Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg/440px-Nepaul_valley_map_1802.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Map of Kathmandu Valley made by Charles Crawford (a member of Captain Knox's entourage) in 1802–03.</figcaption></figure> <p>Damodar Pande always tried to protect king <a href="/wiki/Girvan_Yuddha_Bikram_Shah_Deva" class="mw-redirect" title="Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah Deva">Girvan Yuddha Shah</a> and keep <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bahadur_Shah" title="Rana Bahadur Shah">Rana Bahadur</a> off of Nepal. However, in 1804, March 4, the former king came back and took over the post of <i>Mukhtiyar</i>. Damodar Pande was then beheaded and killed in Thankot.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline_from_power">Decline from power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Decline from power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kirtiman_Singh_Basnyat" title="Kirtiman Singh Basnyat">Kirtiman Singh Basnyat</a> was Mulkazi (Chief Kazi) and a favorite of the Regent <a href="/wiki/Subarna_Prabha_Devi" title="Subarna Prabha Devi">Subarna Prabha Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Raj_Rajeshwari_Devi" title="Raj Rajeshwari Devi">Raj Rajeshwari Devi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kazi Damodar Pande was accused of the murder charges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the resulting confusion, many courtiers were jailed, while some executed, based solely on rumors. <a href="/wiki/Bakhtawar_Singh_Basnyat" title="Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat">Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat</a>, brother of assassinated Kirtiman Singh, was then given the post of Mul Kaji.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost eight months after the establishment of the Residency, Rajrajeshowri finally managed to assume the regency on 17 December 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Rajrajeshowri took over the regency, she was pressured by Knox to pay the annual pension of 82,000 rupees to the ex-King as per the obligations of the treaty,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which paid off the vast debt that Rana Bahadur Shah had accumulated in Varanasi due to his spendthrift habits.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nepalese court also felt it prudent to keep Rana Bahadur in isolation in Nepal itself, rather than in the British controlled India, and that paying off Rana Bahadur's debts could facilitate his return at an opportune moment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rajrajeshowri's presence in Kathmandu also stirred unrest among the courtiers that aligned themselves around her and Subarnaprabha. Sensing an imminent hostility, Knox aligned himself with Subarnaprabha and attempted to interfere with the internal politics of Nepal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getting a wind of this matter, Rajrajeshowri dissolved the government and elected new ministers, with Damodar Pande as the Chief (<i>Mul</i>) Kaji in February 1803, while the Resident Knox, finding himself persona non grata and the objectives of his mission frustrated, voluntarily left Kathmandu to reside in <a href="/wiki/Makwanpur_District" title="Makwanpur District">Makwanpur</a> citing a cholera epidemic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subarnaprabha and the members of her faction were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such open display of anti-British feelings and humiliation prompted the Governor General of the time <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Richard Wellesley</a> to recall Knox to India and unilaterally suspend the diplomatic ties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Treaty of 1801 was also unilaterally annulled by the British on 24 January 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200756-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suspension of diplomatic ties also gave the Governor General a pretext to allow the ex-King Rana Bahadur to return to Nepal unconditionally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_of_Rana_Bahadur_Shah">Return of Rana Bahadur Shah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return of Rana Bahadur Shah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhimsen_Thapa_from_Art_et_Civilisation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Bhimsen_Thapa_from_Art_et_Civilisation.jpg/220px-Bhimsen_Thapa_from_Art_et_Civilisation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Bhimsen_Thapa_from_Art_et_Civilisation.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Bhimsen Thapa in military uniform.</figcaption></figure> <p>As soon as they received the news, Rana Bahadur and his group proceeded towards Kathmandu. Some troops were sent by Kathmandu Durbar to check their progress, but the troops changed their allegiance when they came face to face with the ex-King.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Pande and his men were arrested at Thankot where they were waiting to greet the ex-King with state honors and take him into isolation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200756-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Rana Bahadur's reinstatement to power, he started to exact vengeance on those who had tried to keep him in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He exiled Rajrajeshhwori to <a href="/wiki/Helambu" title="Helambu">Helambu</a>, where she became a Buddhist nun, on the charge of siding with Damodar Pande and colluding with the British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damodar Pande, along with his two eldest sons, who were completely innocent, was executed on 13 March 1804; similarly some members of his faction were tortured and executed without any due trial, while many others managed to escape to India.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rana Bahadur also punished those who did not help him while in exile. Among them was <a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Pal_Sen" title="Prithvi Pal Sen">Prithvi Pal Sen</a>, the king of Palpa, who was tricked into imprisonment, while his kingdom forcefully annexed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subarnaprabha and her supporters were released and given a general pardon. Those who had helped Rana Bahadur to return to Kathmandu were lavished with rank, land, and wealth. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranjit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul Chautariya; while <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Rangnath Paudel</a> was made the <i>Rajguru</i> (royal spiritual preceptor).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Damodar_Pande" title="Execution of Damodar Pande">Execution of Damodar Pande</a></div> <p>In 1804, March 1, the former king came back and took over the post of <i>Mukhtiyar</i>. March 13, Damodar Pande was then <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Damodar_Pande" title="Execution of Damodar Pande">beheaded</a> along with his two eldest son Ranakeshar and Gajkeshar, after he was imprisoned in Bhadrakali.<sup id="cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.jp_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.jp-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historian Rishikesh Shah (1990) also supports that Kirtiman Singh was killed on the year 1801 A.D. and was succeeded by his brother <a href="/wiki/Bakhtawar_Singh_Basnyat" title="Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat">Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rana Bahadur had borrowed a lot of money from many different people: Rs 60,000 from Dwarika Das; Rs 100,000 from Raja Shivalal Dube; Rs 1,400 from Ambasankar Bhattnagar. Similarly, he had borrowed a lot of money from the East India Company as well. However, Rana Bahadur was reckless in the manner he spent the borrowed money. For instance, he had once given an alms of Rs 500 to a Brahmin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more details see <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1987aRegmi1987bRegmi1988_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1987aRegmi1987bRegmi1988-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Among those who managed to escape to India were Damodar Pande's sons Karbir Pande and Ranjang Pande.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan2012_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nepalarmy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nepalarmy_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nepalarmy_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220102904/http://nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=three">"Nepal Army"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=three">the original</a> on 2016-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nepal+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnepalarmy.mil.np%2Fhistory.php%3Fpage%3Dthree&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200758-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200758_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201255_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMahesh_Chandra_Regmi197573-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahesh_Chandra_Regmi197573_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMahesh_Chandra_Regmi1975">Mahesh Chandra Regmi 1975</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nepalarmytwo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nepalarmytwo_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/history.php?page=two">"Tibetan and Nepalese Conflict"</a>. Official website of Nepal Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tibetan+and+Nepalese+Conflict&rft.pub=Official+website+of+Nepal+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nepalarmy.mil.np%2Fhistory.php%3Fpage%3Dtwo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a187_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegmi1970a">Regmi 1970a</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkpatrick1811" class="citation book cs1">Kirkpatrick, Colonel (1811). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ijxAAAAAYAAJ"><i>An Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul</i></a>. London: William Miller<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Account+of+the+Kingdom+of+Nepaul&rft.pub=London%3A+William+Miller&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=Colonel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_ijxAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970a186_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegmi1970a">Regmi 1970a</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1970b98-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1970b98_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegmi1970b">Regmi 1970b</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201214_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201212_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-YUoG62Zx8C&dq=Damodar+Pande&pg=PA145">"Advanced history of Nepal" by Tulasī Rāma Vaidya</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nepal:The_Struggle_for_Power_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/nepal/10.htm">Nepal:The Struggle for Power</a> (Sourced to <a href="/wiki/U.S._Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Library of Congress">U.S. Library of Congress</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.jp-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.jp_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.jp_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UWQtAAAAQBAJ&dq=Damodar+Pande+kill&pg=PT216">The Bloodstained Throne Struggles for Power in Nepal (1775-1914) - Baburam Acharya</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201234_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z9JBAAAAYAAJ&q=bakhtabar+singh+basnyat">Rishikesh Shah (1990) p=95</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201235_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201236–37_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatya1978_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmatya1978">Amatya 1978</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200754–55_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, pp. 54–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERegmi1987aRegmi1987bRegmi1988-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERegmi1987aRegmi1987bRegmi1988_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRegmi1987a">Regmi 1987a</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRegmi1987b">Regmi 1987b</a>; <a href="#CITEREFRegmi1988">Regmi 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201242–43,_48_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 42–43, 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201243_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201245_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPradhan201214,_25_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPradhan2012">Pradhan 2012</a>, pp. 14, 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200756-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200756_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201249–55_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 49–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201254–57_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 54–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201257_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENepal200757-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENepal200757_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNepal2007">Nepal 2007</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAcharya201256,_80–83_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAcharya2012">Acharya 2012</a>, pp. 56, 80–83.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damodar_Pande&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcharya2012" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), <i>Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan</i> (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789937241748" title="Special:BookSources/9789937241748"><bdi>9789937241748</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Janaral+Bhimsen+Thapa+%3A+Yinko+Utthan+Tatha+Pattan&rft.place=Kathmandu&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Education+Book+House&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789937241748&rft.aulast=Acharya&rft.aufirst=Baburam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmatya1978" class="citation cs2">Amatya, Shaphalya (June–November 1978), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_46-48_05.pdf">"The failure of Captain Knox's mission in Nepal"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ancient Nepal</i> (46–48), Kathmandu: 9–17<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">Jan 11,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ancient+Nepal&rft.atitle=The+failure+of+Captain+Knox%27s+mission+in+Nepal&rft.issue=46%E2%80%9348&rft.pages=9-17&rft.date=1978-06%2F1978-11&rft.aulast=Amatya&rft.aufirst=Shaphalya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fancientnepal%2Fpdf%2Fancient_nepal_46-48_05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regmi+Research+Series&rft.atitle=Rana+Bahadur+Shah%27s+Expense+in+Banaras&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=92-98&rft.date=1987-07%2F1987-08&rft.aulast=Regmi&rft.aufirst=Mahesh+Chandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhimalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollections%2Fjournals%2Fregmi%2Fpdf%2FRegmi_19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADamodar+Pande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegmi1988" class="citation cs2">Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (March 1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_20.pdf">"Rana Bahadur Shah's Expense in Banaras"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Regmi Research Series</i>, <b>20</b> (3): 31–37<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span 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<li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Ranga Nath Poudyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautariya_Puskhar_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Chautariya Puskhar Shah">Chautariya Puskhar Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Jang_Pande" title="Rana Jang Pande">Rana Jang Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranga_Nath_Poudyal" title="Ranga Nath Poudyal">Ranga Nath Poudyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Jung_Shah" title="Fateh Jung Shah">Fateh Jung Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathabarsingh_Thapa" title="Mathabarsingh Thapa">Mathabarsingh Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Jung_Shah" title="Fateh Jung Shah">Fateh Jung Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bam_Bahadur_Kunwar" title="Bam Bahadur Kunwar">Bam Bahadur Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bahadur_Kunwar_Rana" title="Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana">Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Bahadur_Rana" title="Jung Bahadur Rana">Jung Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaudip_Singh_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaudip Singh Bahadur">Renaudip Singh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhim_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juddha_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Shamsher_Jang_Bahadur_Rana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana">Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1951_Nepalese_revolution" title="1951 Nepalese revolution">1951 revolution</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika_Prasad_Koirala" title="Matrika Prasad Koirala">Matrika Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1952–53)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika_Prasad_Koirala" title="Matrika Prasad Koirala">Matrika Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1955–56)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanka_Prasad_Acharya" title="Tanka Prasad Acharya">Tanka Prasad Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Inderjit_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunwar Inderjit Singh">Kunwar Inderjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarna_Shamsher_Rana" title="Subarna Shamsher Rana">Subarna Shamsher Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishweshwar_Prasad_Koirala" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala">Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(1970–71)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Prasad_Rijal" title="Nagendra Prasad Rijal">Nagendra Prasad Rijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Giri" title="Tulsi Giri">Tulsi Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirti_Nidhi_Bista" title="Kirti Nidhi Bista">Kirti Nidhi Bista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Prasad_Rijal" title="Nagendra Prasad Rijal">Nagendra Prasad Rijal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marich_Man_Singh_Shrestha" title="Marich Man Singh Shrestha">Marich Man Singh Shrestha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/75px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/113px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kingdom of Nepal<br />(1990–<a href="/wiki/History_of_Nepal#Republic" title="History of Nepal">2008</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Bhattarai" title="Krishna Prasad Bhattarai">Krishna Prasad Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Adhikari" title="Man Mohan Adhikari">Man Mohan Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prasad_Bhattarai" title="Krishna Prasad Bhattarai">Krishna Prasad Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokendra_Bahadur_Chand" title="Lokendra Bahadur Chand">Lokendra Bahadur Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Bahadur_Thapa" title="Surya Bahadur Thapa">Surya Bahadur Thapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Sher Bahadur Deuba</a></li> <li><i>vacant <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005–06)</span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2006_Nepalese_revolution" title="2006 Nepalese revolution">2006 revolution</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala" title="Girija Prasad Koirala">Girija Prasad Koirala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal</a><br />(2008–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Kumar_Nepal" title="Madhav Kumar Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhala_Nath_Khanal" title="Jhala Nath Khanal">Khanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburam_Bhattarai" title="Baburam Bhattarai">Bhattarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khil_Raj_Regmi" title="Khil Raj Regmi">Regmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushil_Koirala" title="Sushil Koirala">Koirala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Deuba I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Bahadur_Deuba" title="Sher Bahadur Deuba">Deuba II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Dahal III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">Oli III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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