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class="vector-toc-text"> 1 梦与文化 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-梦与文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关梦与文化子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-梦与文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-上古历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#上古历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 上古历史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-上古历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古典时代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古典时代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 古典时代 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古典时代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亚伯拉罕诸教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亚伯拉罕诸教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 亚伯拉罕诸教 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亚伯拉罕诸教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在亚洲信仰中" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在亚洲信仰中"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 在亚洲信仰中 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在亚洲信仰中-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梦与哲学实在论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦与哲学实在论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 梦与哲学实在论 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梦与哲学实在论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-后古典时代和中世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#后古典时代和中世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 后古典时代和中世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-后古典时代和中世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 艺术 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 文学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-流行文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流行文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 流行文化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流行文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-精神分析学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#精神分析学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 精神分析学 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-精神分析学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关精神分析学子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-精神分析学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-弗洛伊德学派的观点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#弗洛伊德学派的观点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 弗洛伊德学派的观点 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-弗洛伊德学派的观点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-荣格学派及其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#荣格学派及其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 荣格学派及其他 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-荣格学派及其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神经生物学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神经生物学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 神经生物学 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神经生物学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他动物的梦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他动物的梦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 其他动物的梦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他动物的梦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神经科学理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神经科学理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 神经科学理论 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-神经科学理论-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关神经科学理论子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-神经科学理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-活化-合成假说" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#活化-合成假说"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 活化-合成假说 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-活化-合成假说-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-连续-活化理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#连续-活化理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 连续-活化理论 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-连续-活化理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-防御性假死-梦的前身" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#防御性假死-梦的前身"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 防御性假死-梦的前身 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-防御性假死-梦的前身-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梦是长期记忆的激活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦是长期记忆的激活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 梦是长期记忆的激活 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梦是长期记忆的激活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梦对语义记忆的强化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦对语义记忆的强化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 梦对语义记忆的强化 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梦对语义记忆的强化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-心理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#心理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 心理學 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-心理學-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关心理學子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-心理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-梦用来测试和选择心理基模" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦用来测试和选择心理基模"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 梦用来测试和选择心理基模 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梦用来测试和选择心理基模-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梦的进化心理学理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦的进化心理学理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 梦的进化心理学理论 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-梦的进化心理学理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他假设" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他假设"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 其他假设 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他假设-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-梦的内容" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#梦的内容"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 梦的内容 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-梦的内容-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关梦的内容子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-梦的内容-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-视觉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#视觉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 视觉 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-视觉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-情感" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#情感"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 情感 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-情感-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-彩色还是黑白" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#彩色还是黑白"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 彩色还是黑白 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-彩色还是黑白-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-和身体医学状态的关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和身体医学状态的关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4.1 和身体医学状态的关系 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和身体医学状态的关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他领域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他领域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 其他领域 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他领域-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关其他领域子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-其他领域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-解梦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#解梦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 解梦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-解梦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-夢的超自然詮釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#夢的超自然詮釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 夢的超自然詮釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-夢的超自然詮釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-和梦相关的其他现象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和梦相关的其他现象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 和梦相关的其他现象 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-和梦相关的其他现象-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关和梦相关的其他现象子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-和梦相关的其他现象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-对现实的吸纳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对现实的吸纳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 对现实的吸纳 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对现实的吸纳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-表现对真实事件的预知" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#表现对真实事件的预知"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 表现对真实事件的预知 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-表现对真实事件的预知-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-清醒夢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#清醒夢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 清醒夢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-清醒夢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-在清醒梦期间沟通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在清醒梦期间沟通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.1 在清醒梦期间沟通 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在清醒梦期间沟通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-控夢" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#控夢"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.2 控夢 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-控夢-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-无心过失的梦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#无心过失的梦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 无心过失的梦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-无心过失的梦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对梦的回忆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对梦的回忆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 对梦的回忆 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对梦的回忆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-个体差异" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#个体差异"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5.1 个体差异 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-个体差异-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-既视感" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#既视感"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 既视感 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-既视感-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-白日梦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#白日梦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.7 白日梦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-白日梦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-幻觉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幻觉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.8 幻觉 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-幻觉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-恶梦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#恶梦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.9 恶梦 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-恶梦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-夜惊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#夜惊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.10 夜惊 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-夜惊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 參考書目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關主題" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關主題"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 相關主題 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關主題-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 延伸阅读 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">夢</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。118种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" > 118种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droom" title="Droom – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Droom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85" title="حلم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A0%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܚܠܡܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܠܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85" title="حلم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حلم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sua%C3%B1u" title="Suañu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suañu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samka" title="Samka – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Samka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuxu" title="Yuxu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yuxu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="یوخوگؤرمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوخوگؤرمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangatorogan" title="Pangatorogan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pangatorogan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Сънища – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сънища" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8" title="স্বপ্ন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বপ্ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunvre" title="Hunvre – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hunvre" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somni" title="Somni – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Somni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1e%CC%A4ng" title="Máe̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Máe̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%98%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%88%D9%86" title="خەون – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەون" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen" title="Sen – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Тĕлĕк – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕлĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breuddwyd" title="Breuddwyd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Breuddwyd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B8m" title="Drøm – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Drøm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traum" title="Traum – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Traum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Όνειρο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όνειρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream" title="Dream – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dream" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Son%C4%9Do" title="Sonĝo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sonĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensue%C3%B1o" title="Ensueño – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ensueño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unen%C3%A4gu" title="Unenägu – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Unenägu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amets" title="Amets – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amets" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="رؤیا – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رؤیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unenn%C3%A4k%C3%B6" title="Unennäkö – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Unennäkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un%C3%B5n%C3%A4go" title="Unõnägo – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Unõnägo" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAve" title="Rêve – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rêve" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream" title="Dream – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dream" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taibhreamh" title="Taibhreamh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taibhreamh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%A0%E5%A4%A2" title="眠夢 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="眠夢" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8v" title="Rèv – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Rèv" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisling" title="Aisling – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aisling" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%C3%B1o" title="Soño – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Soño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafarki" title="Mafarki – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mafarki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="חלום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="स्वप्न – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वप्न" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjanje" title="Sanjanje – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sanjanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8v" title="Rèv – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rèv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lom" title="Álom – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Álom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Երազ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonio" title="Sonio – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sonio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimpi" title="Mimpi – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mimpi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revo" title="Revo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Revo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draumur" title="Draumur – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Draumur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogno" title="Sogno – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sogno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A2" title="夢 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="夢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jriim" title="Jriim – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jriim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngimpi" title="Ngimpi – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ngimpi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სიზმარი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიზმარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1laat" title="A̱laat – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱laat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Түс (физиология) – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түс (физиология)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="សុបិន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សុបិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81" title="ಕನಸು – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕನಸು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%BF%88" title="꿈 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="꿈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="خاب – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="خاب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xewn" title="Xewn – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xewn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%88_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Түш көрүү – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түш көрүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium" title="Somnium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Somnium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapnas" title="Sapnas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sapnas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapnis" title="Sapnis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sapnis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सपना – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सपना" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nofy" title="Nofy – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nofy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Омо – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Омо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сон – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സ്വപ്നം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വപ്നം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4" title="Зүүд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зүүд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimpi" title="Mimpi – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mimpi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="အိပ်မက် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိပ်မက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="सपना – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सपना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8" title="म्हगस – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्हगस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droom" title="Droom – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Droom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draum" title="Draum – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Draum" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B8m" title="Drøm – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Drøm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAve" title="Rêve – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Rêve" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2mi" title="Sòmi – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sòmi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸੁਪਨਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁਪਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan%C3%ADnap" title="Panínap – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Panínap" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzenia_senne" title="Marzenia senne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marzenia senne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonho" title="Sonho – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sonho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musquy" title="Musquy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis" title="Vis – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сновидение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сновидение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B2nniru" title="Sònniru – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sònniru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="خواب – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خواب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream" title="Dream – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dream" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen" title="Sen – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sen" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanje" title="Sanje – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiroto" title="Chiroto – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiroto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyo" title="Riyo – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Riyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bndrra" title="Ëndrra – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ëndrra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Сан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngimpi" title="Ngimpi – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ngimpi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B6m" title="Dröm – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dröm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoto" title="Ndoto – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ndoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="கனவு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="స్వప్నం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వప్నం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ฝัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panaginip" title="Panaginip – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panaginip" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BCya" title="Rüya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rüya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norho" title="Norho – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Norho" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeso" title="Daeso – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Daeso" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Сновидіння – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сновидіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="خواب – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خواب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tush_(psixologiya)" title="Tush (psixologiya) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tush (psixologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A5c_m%C6%A1" title="Giấc mơ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giấc mơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C3%B3p" title="Inóp – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inóp" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%A6" title="梦 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="חלום – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="חלום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80l%C3%A1" title="Àlá – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àlá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangzhwnz" title="Fangzhwnz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fangzhwnz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AEn-b%C4%81ng" title="Bîn-bāng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bîn-bāng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dreams" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36348" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style>  关于与「夢」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="夢 (消歧義)">夢 (消歧义)</a>」。</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg/300px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg/450px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg/600px-Adam_Elsheimer_-_Jacob%27s_Dream_-_WGA7493.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1351" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>《雅各之夢》，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E9%BB%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞當·埃爾斯海默（页面不存在）">亞當·埃爾斯海默</a>，16世紀後期</figcaption></figure> 夢是一種主體經驗，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>在某些阶段的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">睡眠</a>時產生的想像中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="影像">影像</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="聲音">聲音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83" class="mw-redirect" title="思考">思考</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%A6%BA" title="感覺">感覺</a>，通常是非自願的。<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>人们尚未真正理解梦的内容、机制和作用，但是自从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="史前時代">史前时期</a>开始，梦就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>感兴趣的话题，也产生了许多有关的科学猜想。研究夢的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>學科稱作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夢學（页面不存在）">夢學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneirology" class="extiw" title="en:Oneirology">Oneirology</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>除了人以外，很多人也相信做夢也會發生在其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="動物">動物</a>身上。動物已經確定會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="快速动眼睡眠">快速动眼睡眠</a>，然而他們的主體經驗卻難以確定<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>，但有些家畜會有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%B8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="梦游">夢遊</a>（夢遊不等於做夢）的現象，因而牠們會做夢並不奇怪。 做夢主要发生在快速動眼睡眠期间，那是發生在睡眠後期的一種淺睡狀態，其特色為快速的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="眼球">眼球</a>水平運動、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E8%85%A6" title="橋腦">橋腦</a>的刺激、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%B7%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="心跳">心跳</a>速度加快、以及暫時性的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A2%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="肢體">肢體</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%97%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="麻痹">麻痺</a>。夢也有可能發生在其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">睡眠階段</a>中，不過這時的夢並不真切也難以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" title="記憶">記憶</a>。<a href="#cite_note-hobson-4">[4]</a> 絕大部分的科學家相信所有人類都會做夢，並且在每次睡眠中都會有相同的頻率。因此，如果一個人覺得他們沒有做夢或者一個夜晚中只做了一個夢，這是因為他們關於那些夢的記憶已經消失了。這種「記憶抹除」的情況通常發生在一個人是自然緩和地從快速动眼睡眠階段經過<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="慢波睡眠">慢波睡眠</a>期而進入清醒狀態。如果一個人直接從快速動眼睡眠期中被叫醒的話（比如說被鬧鐘叫醒），他們就比較可能會記得那段快速动眼期所作的夢境（不過並非所有發生在快速動眼期的夢都會被記得，因為每個快速眼动期之間會插入慢波睡眠期，而那會導致前一個夢的記憶消失）。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> 梦的长度长短不一，可能只有几秒钟，也可能长达20-30分钟。<a href="#cite_note-hobson-4">[4]</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E6%9C%9F" title="快速動眼期">REM睡眠</a>期间被唤醒的人更容易记得他们的梦。人类平均每晚有3-5个梦，有的人会高达20个。<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>然而，大部分的梦都会立即或者在短时间内被遗忘掉。随着睡眠进入后半夜，梦会变得更长一些。在一个夜晚8小时的完整睡眠中，大部分的夢发生在通常为2小时的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E6%9C%9F" title="快速動眼期">REM睡眠</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> 在现代，梦被认为是与<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" title="潛意識">潜意识</a>沟通的管道。梦的内容可能非常普通、正常，也可能极度<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超现实主义">超现实主义</a>风格。梦可以有各种不同的主题，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7" title="恐惧">恐惧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B4%E5%A5%8B" title="兴奋">兴奋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95" title="魔法">魔法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA%E6%8A%91%E9%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="情绪抑郁">抑郁</a>、冒险，或者是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E6%80%A7" title="人类的性">性</a>。梦中发生的事件并不受做梦者的控制，除非是处于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E6%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="清明梦">清明梦</a>中，做梦者会拥有自我意识。<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>有时候，梦会让人产生<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E5%8A%9B" title="創造力">创造力</a>，或者给予人<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%84%9F" title="靈感">灵感</a>。<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>最著名的故事之一是德國化學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%BA%93%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里德里希·奥古斯特·凯库勒·冯·斯特拉多尼茨">凱库勒</a>宣稱夢見一條<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%9C%E5%B0%BE%E8%9B%87" title="銜尾蛇">銜尾蛇</a>，而悟出<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="苯環">苯環</a>的分子結構<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>。但他的說法遭到質疑<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>。 在不同的文化和不同的时代，人们对梦的含义有各种不同的看法。目前获得的最早关于梦的记录材料，是大约5000年前<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A" title="美索不达米亚">美索不达米亚</a>的一块粘土板。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="古希腊">古希腊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>时代，人们相信梦是来自亡者的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a>信息，可以预言未来。有一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>会进行<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B5%E6%A2%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孵梦（页面不存在）">孵梦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_incubation" class="extiw" title="en:Dream incubation">Dream incubation</a>）仪式，希望能够产生有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E8%A8%80" title="预言">预言</a>能力的梦。<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a>创立了<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%A6" title="精神分析学">精神分析学</a>，在1900年代早期的许多著作中阐述了梦的理论和解释。<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>他将梦解释为人们深处的欲望和焦虑的表现，通常会和被压抑的童年记忆或者欲望有关。在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="梦的解析">梦的解析</a>》（1899）中，弗洛伊德发展了一套解释梦的心理技术，设计了许多规则来解释梦中出现的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="符号">符号</a>和主题。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="梦与文化">梦与文化</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：梦与文化">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="上古历史">上古历史</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：上古历史">编辑</a>]</div> 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲原住民">澳洲原住民</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛灵论</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="创世">创世</a>传说中，梦是一个常见的概念，它属于一个个人或者群体，可以理解为“没有时间的时间”，在其中产生了初始的创造或者永恒的创造。<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> 米索不达米亚的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="苏美尔人">苏美尔人</a>于大约公元前3100年就留下了梦的记录。在这些记录下的故事里，神与国王都对梦非常重视，比如公元前7世纪的国王<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%94" title="亚述巴尼拔">亚述巴尼拔</a>，在他的泥板记录上，出现了许多描述传说中的国王<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%BD%E7%BE%8E%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔伽美什">吉尔伽美什</a>的故事。<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> 米索不达米亚人相信，在睡梦中，人的灵魂或者灵魂的一部分会离开身体，而灵魂真实去过的地方和人就形成了梦。据说有时梦之神会背负着做梦者的灵魂。<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>巴比伦人和亚述人将梦分为来自神灵的“好梦”和来自鬼怪的“坏梦”。他们也相信梦是征兆和预言。<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> 在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>，从公元前2000年前开始，埃及人就在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B8" title="莎草纸">莎草纸</a>上写下他们的梦。梦境形象鲜明，栩栩如生的人会被另眼相看，认为是受到神的赐福。<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>古埃及人相信梦是某种<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%AD" title="神諭">神谕</a>，传递来自神的信息。他们认为接近神意的最好途径就是梦，所以他们会试图诱生梦或者孵梦。埃及人会前往神庙，睡在特殊的“梦床”上以期待接收到神的指导、安抚和满足。<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古典时代">古典时代</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：古典时代">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hupao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/300px-Hupao.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/450px-Hupao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hupao.jpg/600px-Hupao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E8%B7%91%E6%B3%89" title="虎跑泉">虎跑泉</a>和虎跑梦泉雕塑</figcaption></figure> 在中国古代，有人认为在睡梦期间，魂分为两个部分，一个部分离开身体四处游荡，另一部分保持在身体内。<a href="#cite_note-bulkeley-71-19">[19]</a>这个解释自古就遭到质疑，例如哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%85" title="王充">王充</a>就对它进行了驳斥。<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>。夢有时也被看做是一種意象<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="庄子">庄子</a>·齐物论》云：「且有大觉，而后知此其大梦也。」印度人写于公元前900到500年的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%A6" title="奥义书">奥义书</a>》中，强调了梦的两个意义：首先，梦是内心欲望的表露；其次，在梦醒来之前灵魂离开身体并且接受指导。 古希腊人继承了古埃及人信仰中关于好梦和坏梦的划分以及孵梦。希腊的梦之神<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%80%B3%E7%94%AB%E6%96%AF" title="摩耳甫斯">摩耳甫斯</a>也会给睡在圣殿和神庙中的人带来警告和预言。最早的希腊人相信，神会在梦中亲自造访做梦者，祂们从钥匙孔中进入房间，留下信息后从同一路径离开。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8F%90%E4%B8%B0" title="安提丰">安提丰</a>在公元前5世纪撰写了已知的希腊第一本关于梦的书。在同一世纪，其他文化对希腊的影响，使得关于睡眠中灵魂离体的信仰得到进一步发展。<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95" title="希波克拉底">希波克拉底</a>（469-399 BC）关于梦的理论很简单：在白天，灵魂吸收影像；而在晚上，灵魂产生影像。希腊哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a>（384-322 BC）相信梦会导致<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a>活动，他相信梦可以用来分析和预言病症。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9E%E7%BD%97" title="西塞罗">西塞罗</a>相信所有的梦都来自于做梦者在之前白天的思想和对话。<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>西塞罗在《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BA%87%E9%98%BF%E4%B9%8B%E6%A2%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西庇阿之梦（页面不存在）">西庇阿之梦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnium_Scipionis" class="extiw" title="en:Somnium Scipionis">Somnium Scipionis</a>）》中描述了一个长梦的图像，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%94%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马克罗比乌斯">马克罗比乌斯</a>写了《论西庇阿之梦》来评论它。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：亚伯拉罕诸教">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg/300px-Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg/450px-Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg/600px-Michael_Lukas_Leopold_Willmann_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>雅各梦见<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E6%A2%AF" title="雅各的天梯">雅各的天梯</a>，c. 1690，画作者Michael Willmann</figcaption></figure> 在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>认为梦是世界经验的一部分，是可以解释，可以从中学习教训的。在塔木德的Tractate Berachot 55-60中有过相关的探讨。 古代<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯来人">希伯来人</a>把他们的梦和信仰紧密联系起来。尽管希伯来人是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="一神论">一神论</a>者，相信梦是唯一上帝的声音。他们也会区分好的梦（来自上帝）和坏的梦（来自恶灵）。希伯来人和许多古代文明一样，也会孵梦以得到神的启示。比如希伯来先知撒母耳就睡<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="耶和华">耶和华</a>殿内<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%9F%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="约柜">约柜</a>那里，听到了神呼唤他。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="圣经">圣经</a>中大部分的梦都记载在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="创世纪">创世纪</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>继承了希伯来人关于梦的大部分信念，相信梦的超自然属性，因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="旧约">旧约</a>中包含了许多梦带来神的讯息的故事。最有名的梦的故事是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E6%A2%AF" title="雅各的天梯">雅各的天國之梯</a>，这天國之梯连接着大地和天堂。许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>宣扬上帝可以在梦中給予人类<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%95%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="天啟">天啟</a>。 Iain R. Edgar研究了梦在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>中的情况，<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>他提出梦在伊斯兰历史和穆斯林的生活中有重要的地位，解梦是最后一位先知<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>去世之后，穆斯林接收神的指示的唯一途径。<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在亚洲信仰中">在亚洲信仰中</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：在亚洲信仰中">编辑</a>]</div> 在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>典籍《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80" title="吠陀">吠陀</a>》中的《曼都卡奥义书》里，梦是灵魂在生命中的三个状态之一，其他两个是清醒状态和睡眠状态。<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梦与哲学实在论">梦与哲学实在论</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：梦与哲学实在论">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E5%A2%83%E8%AE%BA%E8%AF%81" title="梦境论证">梦境论证</a></div> 一些哲学家认为，我们所谓的“真实世界”可能是或者就是一个幻觉，这种想法称为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%93%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="本体论">本体论</a>的怀疑主义。 有关这一类思想最早的记载来源于《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">庄子</a>》，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>的典籍中也多次探讨过。<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="笛卡尔">笛卡尔</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E6%B2%89%E6%80%9D%E9%9B%86" title="第一哲學沉思集">第一哲学沉思集</a>》中，它第一次被介绍给西方哲学界。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="后古典时代和中世纪">后古典时代和中世纪</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：后古典时代和中世纪">编辑</a>]</div> 一些<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="美洲原住民">美洲原住民</a>部落和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a>人相信梦是和他们的祖先沟通的方式。<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>一些美洲原住民部落使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BB%E8%B1%A1%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幻象探索（页面不存在）">幻象探索</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vision_quest" class="extiw" title="en:vision quest">vision quest</a>）作为进入青春期的仪式，仪式中禁食、祈祷，直到在梦中接收到所期待的指引，然后再回来告诉部落的其他成员。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>对于解梦进行了压制，它们被认为是<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A1" title="惡">恶</a>，梦中的影像是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E9%AC%BC" title="魔鬼">魔鬼</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E8%AA%98" title="引誘">引诱</a>。许多人相信，魔鬼会往睡梦中的人头脑裡塞进堕落有害的想法。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="马丁·路德">马丁·路德</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a>的创立者，就相信梦是魔鬼的杰作。但是，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>徒，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="圣奥古斯丁">圣奥古斯丁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="哲罗姆">哲罗姆</a>，都声称他们生活的方向，曾经受到过梦境的强烈影响。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术">艺术</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：艺术">编辑</a>]</div> 梦和黑暗的影像，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%9B%85" title="弗朗西斯科·戈雅">弗朗西斯科·戈雅</a>的铜版画《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%EF%BC%8C%E5%BF%83%E9%AD%94%E7%94%9F%E7%84%89" title="理性沉睡，心魔生焉">理性沉睡，心魔生焉</a>》的主题。<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9" title="萨尔瓦多·达利">萨尔瓦多·达利</a>的《由围绕着石榴的蜜蜂引起的梦，在醒来之前一秒钟》（1944）也涉及了这个主题，包括同时出现的裸女、从石榴中跳出来的老虎，以及像蜘蛛一样的大象作为背景。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E6%A2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="亨利·卢梭">亨利·卢梭</a>最后的画作是《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E5%A2%83" title="夢境">梦境</a>》，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="毕加索">毕加索</a>于1932年创作了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A2_(%E7%95%A2%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2)" title="夢 (畢加索)">《梦》</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文学">文学</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：文学">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png/220px-Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png/330px-Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png/440px-Alice_par_John_Tenniel_24.png 2x" data-file-width="846" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>消失中的柴郡猫。</figcaption></figure> 在19世纪的奇幻和幻想文学中常常出现梦，其中最广为人知的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="刘易斯·卡罗尔">刘易斯·卡罗尔</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%BD%E4%B8%9D%E6%A2%A6%E6%B8%B8%E4%BB%99%E5%A2%83" title="爱丽丝梦游仙境">爱丽丝梦游仙境</a>》，及其续集《<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B8%BD%E4%B8%9D%E9%95%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A5%87%E9%81%87" class="mw-redirect" title="爱丽丝镜中奇遇">爱丽丝镜中奇遇</a>》。和其他文学作品里的梦中世界不同，卡罗尔笔下的梦境和真正的梦境更加类似，包括许多变形和因果关系的变异。 其他虚构的梦境包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="霍华德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特">霍華德·菲利普斯·洛夫克拉夫特</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%A2%A6%E5%A2%83" title="幻梦境">幻夢境</a>，<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a>以及《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="说不完的故事">说不完的故事</a>》<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a>中的幻想世界，其中包括“失落梦境荒漠”、“可能性之海”与“悲伤之沼”。包括幻觉和其他变异现实的梦中世界，出现在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B" title="菲利普·狄克">菲利普·狄克</a>的许多作品中，包括《The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch》和《Ubik》。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF" title="豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯">豪尔赫·路易斯·博尔赫斯</a>也探索过类似的主题，例如《环形废墟》。而在中国传统文学中，《红楼梦》中的“太虚幻境”是对春梦的著名描述。<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="流行文化">流行文化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：流行文化">编辑</a>]</div> 现代的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="流行文化">流行文化</a>中常常会构思一些梦境，就像弗洛伊德所说，表达做梦者深处的恐惧和欲望。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_56-34">[34]</a>电影《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%87%8E%E4%BB%99%E8%B9%A4_(1939%E5%B9%B4%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1)" title="綠野仙蹤 (1939年電影)">绿野仙踪</a>》（1939）中描绘了一个彩色的梦境，使得多萝西发现了现实是黑白色，于是开始用新的方式生活。在《<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="爱德华大夫">爱德华大夫</a>》（1945）、《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%8D%E7%BD%91%E8%BF%B7%E9%AD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="谍网迷魂">谍网迷魂</a>》（1962）、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E5%B9%BB%E4%B9%8B%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="梦幻之地">梦幻之地</a>》（1989）和《<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%97%E6%A2%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="盗梦空间">盗梦空间</a>》（2010）这些电影中，主人公必须从非真实的梦境中找出有用的线索。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a> 在流行文化中，大部分的梦并非符号化的，而是直白和现实化地刻画了做梦者的恐惧和欲望。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a>梦中的情景和做梦者的真实世界难以区分，成为削减主人公和观众的安全感的手段。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a>这些梦会使得<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="恐怖電影">恐怖电影</a>的主人公，例如《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E5%A5%B3%E5%98%89%E8%8E%89" title="魔女嘉莉">魔女嘉莉</a>》（1976）、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E6%98%9F%E6%9C%9F%E4%BA%94" class="mw-disambig" title="黑色星期五">黑色星期五</a>》（1980）或者《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%8B%BC%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="美国狼人在伦敦">美国狼人在伦敦</a>》（1981）的主人公在看起来似乎很安全的地方休息时，遭到黑暗势力的袭击。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a> 在奇幻作品中，梦境和现实的分界会表现得更为模糊。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a>梦可能从生理上被入侵或者篡改，例如《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%94%E5%9F%9F%E7%85%9E%E6%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魔域煞星（页面不存在）">魔域煞星</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreamscape_(1984_film)" class="extiw" title="en:Dreamscape (1984 film)">Dreamscape (1984 film)</a>）》（1984）、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E9%AC%BC%E8%A1%97" title="猛鬼街">猛鬼街</a>》系列（1984–2010）、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95" title="全面啟動">全面啟動</a>》（2010），或者直接变为现实，比如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%A5%E8%98%87%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E7%91%B0%E6%81%A9" title="娥蘇拉·勒瑰恩">娥苏拉·勒瑰恩</a>的《天钧》（1971）这本书中，主人公发现自己的某些梦可以追溯过去、改变现实。Peter Weir在1977年的电影《The Last Wave》梦的实质做了一个简单的解释，通过电影中的土著之口说出“梦是某种现实的影子”。在Kyell Gold的小说《Green Fairy》中，主人公Sol在苦艾酒引发的梦中体验到了以为死于100年前的舞者的记忆，并且其中一些记忆在他的生活中变为现实。这一类故事利用了观众自己的梦的体验，所以观众感觉比较真实。<a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_57-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="精神分析学">精神分析学</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：精神分析学">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="弗洛伊德学派的观点">弗洛伊德学派的观点</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：弗洛伊德学派的观点">编辑</a>]</div> 在19世纪晚期，精神治疗师<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7" title="西格蒙德·弗洛伊德">西格蒙德·弗洛伊德</a>发展出一套理论，认为梦是由无意识意愿的满足所驱动的。弗洛伊德将梦称为“通往无意识的大道”。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>他创建了“梦反映做梦者的无意识”的理论，认为梦的内容是由无意识欲望的满足塑造的。他认为，重要的无意识欲望通常与童年时的记忆和经验有关。弗洛伊德认为，梦境包含显性梦境（manifest dream-content）和隐性梦境（latent dream-content），隐性梦境和潜意识深处的愿望或者幻想相关联，而显性梦境流于表面，缺少意义。显性梦境常常会掩盖或者模糊隐性梦境。 在弗洛伊德的早期著作中，他认为绝大多数的隐性梦境的主题都是本能的性冲动，然而他之后放弃了这样绝对的说法。在《超越快乐法则》中，他考虑了创伤或者侵犯如何影响梦的内容。在《精神分析新论》中的一篇演讲《Dreams and Occultism》中，他还讨论了超自然观念的起源。<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="荣格学派及其他">荣格学派及其他</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：荣格学派及其他">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8D%A3%E6%A0%BC" title="卡尔·荣格">卡尔·荣格</a>反对弗洛伊德的许多理论。荣格扩充了弗洛伊德关于梦和做梦者无意识欲望相关的想法。他将梦描述成给予做梦者的讯息，可以帮助做梦者自我改善。他相信梦是在向做梦者揭示他们感情或者信仰上的问题和恐惧。<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> 荣格写到，重复出现的梦境意在反复地吸引注意，表示做梦者忽视了梦中的某个主题。他相信这些梦中的符号和图像出现在所有的梦中。荣格相信在白日形成的记忆在梦里也很重要，这些记忆在无意识中形成了印象，需要在自我（ego）休息时处理。无意识的头脑会以梦的形式重现这些过去的片段，荣格将其称为“白日的残留”。<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>荣格还认为梦并不是纯粹独立的，所有的梦都是一张“心理因素的巨网”的一部分。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里茨·皮尔斯（页面不存在）">弗里茨·皮尔斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Perls" class="extiw" title="en:Fritz Perls">Fritz Perls</a>）将他的梦的理论作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="格式塔学派">格式塔</a>疗法的核心。梦被看做自身里面被忽视、拒绝或者压制的部分的投射，<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a>荣格声称，可以将梦中出现的每个人看作是做梦者自己的一部分，称作梦的主观方式。皮尔斯扩展了这种观点，认为甚至梦中无生命的物体也代表做梦者的一部分。所以，做梦者被要求想象自己是梦中的物体，然后描述它，以便了解该物体的特质和做梦者的人格如何关联。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="神经生物学">神经生物学</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：神经生物学">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="快速动眼睡眠">快速动眼睡眠</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleep_EEG_REM.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sleep_EEG_REM.png/300px-Sleep_EEG_REM.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sleep_EEG_REM.png/450px-Sleep_EEG_REM.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Sleep_EEG_REM.png/600px-Sleep_EEG_REM.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>REM睡眠期间的<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E9%9B%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="腦電圖">脑电图</a></figcaption></figure> 长期的观察证明，梦和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="快速动眼睡眠">快速动眼睡眠</a>（REM）睡眠强烈相关。在REM睡眠期间，<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E9%9B%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="腦電圖">脑电图</a>（EEG）所显示的脑活动近似于清醒状态。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="非快速動眼睡眠">非快速動眼睡眠</a>（non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, NREM sleep）的各期（1~4期）被喚醒後，即使有做夢的報告，其夢境也很平淡，生動性差，但概念和思維性較強，睡眠者常常報告在思考某些問題，而不是在做什麼。<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dement1957-42">[42]</a>在REM睡眠期间，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8" title="神经递质">神经递质</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E7%94%B2%E8%82%BE%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%BA%E7%B4%A0" title="去甲肾上腺素">去甲肾上腺素</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B8%85%E7%B4%A0" title="血清素">血清素</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E8%83%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="组胺">组胺</a>的释放都受到了抑制。<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a>在人的一生中，典型的做梦的时间总和是6年。<a href="#cite_note-HSWDream-46">[46]</a>（也就是大约每晚2小时）<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>大部分的梦只持续5到20分钟。<a href="#cite_note-HSWDream-46">[46]</a>梦源于脑中何处？是仅有一个源头还是涉及到脑中的许多部分？以及梦对于身体和心灵的作用是什么？这些问题都尚未解决。 在大多数梦境中，做梦者都不会发觉自己是在做梦，不管梦境如何荒诞古怪。其中的原因也许是脑内负责逻辑和计划的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%A2%9D%E5%8F%B6%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="前额叶皮质">前额叶皮质</a>在做梦期间减少了活动，使得做梦者和梦更积极地进行互动，而不用思考会发生什么结果，所以在现实中看起来很突兀的事情可以融合到梦中。<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> 如果测量一段REM睡眠的时间长度，并且在叫醒被试之后询问梦的时间长度，只要做梦者还没有来得及修改或者遗忘梦境，他/她都能准确地说出做梦的时间长度。一些研究者猜测，所谓“梦的时间膨胀”的现象，并不会真正出现。<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>REM睡眠和梦的紧密关系，是第一批描述梦的本质的报告的基础：梦是每夜都会发生的，而非偶然的现象；是每个睡眠周期都会发生的高频次行为，而且间隔可预测，大概每60-90分钟就会出现。 每一段REM睡眠和做梦的时间在夜晚逐渐变长，第一段是最短的，大约10-12分钟，第二段和第三段会增加到15-20分钟。在夜晚结束的那段睡眠会长达15分钟，虽然会表现为许多独立的片段，因为在夜晚结束时会多次短暂醒来。当被试在第一段REM睡眠之后醒来时，有50%可以报告所做的梦；而当最后一段REM睡眠时被叫醒，这个比例上升到了99%。回忆梦境成功率的上升可能与一夜的梦中，梦的图像、色彩和情感都越来越鲜明。<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他动物的梦">其他动物的梦</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：其他动物的梦">编辑</a>]</div> 除了人类以外，其他很多动物可能也有REM睡眠和做梦的能力。科学研究表明，所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>都会经历REM睡眠。<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>REM睡眠的时间长短随物种不同：海豚的REM时间较短，人类的时间中等，而<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B0%E7%8B%B3%E7%A7%91" title="犰狳科">犰狳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E8%B4%9F%E9%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="北美负鼠">北美负鼠</a>的时间属于最长之列。<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> 在对猴子、狗、猫、大鼠、象和鼩鼱的研究中都观察到了梦。鸟类和爬蟲类也有做梦的迹象<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>，近年也觀察到<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%9B%E5%BD%A2%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="蛛形綱">蛛形綱</a>的蠅虎會出現類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E6%9C%9F" title="快速動眼期">快速動眼期</a>的睡眠狀態，這是首次在無脊椎陸生動物上發現<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>。 睡眠和梦的问题相互交织，科学家对于动物的梦的研究表明，它们的功能至今为止尚不清楚。然而，睡眠的作用正在渐渐清晰，例如，对大鼠或其他实验动物的睡眠剥夺，会导致生理指标的恶化和真实组织的损坏。<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> 有的科学家认为，人类做梦应该和所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E8%86%9C%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="羊膜动物">羊膜动物</a>有同样的理由。从进化论的观点来看，梦应该能满足某种生物学上的需求，能够在自然选择中获得某种好处，或者至少对于其生存适应没有负作用。2000年，芬兰图尔库大学的教授Antti Revonsuo认为，过去梦可以通过展示危险事件的刺激以帮助人类准备认出和避免危险。这个理论称为威胁-刺激理论。<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>Tsoukalas (2012) 认为梦和掠食性动物出现导致的激活图样有关，这在REM睡眠的控制机制中仍然非常明显（见下文）。<a href="#cite_note-Tsoukalas2012-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vitelli2013-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="神经科学理论">神经科学理论</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：神经科学理论">编辑</a>]</div> 目前學術界對夢的成因與目的仍無定論，普遍的看法是：夢是腦在作資訊處理與鞏固<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="長期記憶">長期記憶</a>時所釋出的一些神經脈衝（就像打掃時揚起的灰塵或正被處理中的資訊流），被意識腦解讀成光怪陸離的視、聽覺所造成的。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="活化-合成假说">活化-合成假说</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：活化-合成假说">编辑</a>]</div> J. Allan Hobson與Robert McCarley在1976年提出「活化-合成」假说（Activation-synthesis hypothesis），挑战了弗洛伊德主义的统治地位，改变了梦的研究状况。他们认为：夢的出現與特徵是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="快速動眼睡眠">快速動眼睡眠</a>（rapid-eye-movement sleep, REM sleep）狀態時生理運作的產物。當快速動眼睡眠由橋腦（pons）活化所啟動時，和意識有關的大腦網路接受橋腦刺激訊號也呈現活化狀態，因而大腦將這些由下而上的刺激訊號（PGO訊號）混合整理後即為夢的展現。由於此時大腦的活化是處於被動型式且訊息來源為隨機、封閉（由橋腦產生），因此缺乏清醒狀態時的自覺及反省，展現於夢境內容也因而有怪異、不合邏輯的特性<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a>。脑会合成和解释这些活动，例如，温度、湿度等物理环境的变化或者类似性高潮的物理刺激，为这些信号创造意义，从而得到梦。Hobson认为：“梦的影像是随机的，对这些梦的影像的随机综合可以用来拟合内源的刺激”。<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a>这个理论基于REM睡眠的生理学，Hobson相信梦是前脑对源于脑干的随机输出的反应表现。活化-合成理论假设，梦的奇怪特性是因为这部分脑区试图将本来就很古怪的信息碎片黏合成完整的故事。<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> 但後來Mark Solms认为梦是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%84%91" title="前脑">前脑</a>形成的，而REM睡眠和梦并不直接相关。<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>他在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="约翰内斯堡">约翰内斯堡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6" title="伦敦">伦敦</a>的神经外科工作时，發現腦幹受傷的病人仍舊有夢，与Hobson的理论相悖；而<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%82%E8%91%89" class="mw-redirect" title="頂葉">頂葉</a>（負責軀体感覺與感覺整合的顱頂皮質）受傷的病人則沒有夢，顯示腦幹只與REM夢有關，頂葉與REM夢和NREM夢都有關。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="连续-活化理论">连续-活化理论</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：连续-活化理论">编辑</a>]</div> Jie Zhang在2004年综合Hobson和Solms的理论，提出「連續活化」理論：睡眠的功用之一是把臨時記憶轉化成<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E6%9C%9F%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="長期記憶">長期記憶</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="快速動眼睡眠">快速動眼睡眠</a>（REM）階段處理無意識的「程序性記憶」，而非動眼（NREM）階段處理有意識的「陳述性記憶」。在REM階段，腦的無意識部份正在處理程序性記憶，而有意識部份的活動則因感覺被切斷而降至最低，此時自記憶庫流出的資訊脈衝會活化有意識部份而使它藉由聯想編織出一段夢。而當另一脈衝到達時，則又編出另一段夢，夢境乃突然改變。这解释了为什么梦既有连续性（在同一个梦中），又会突然变化（两个梦之间）。<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="防御性假死-梦的前身">防御性假死-梦的前身</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：防御性假死-梦的前身">编辑</a>]</div> Tsoukalas在2012年认为REM睡眠是<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="假死">假死</a>这种众所周知的防御机制进化的结果。假死是一些动物面对掠食性动物的最后防线，它们会全身瘫痪，看起来像是死亡（例如负鼠的行为）。Tsoukalas认为假死和REM睡眠从神经生理学机制和现象上都很像是假死，例如都是由脑干控制、全身瘫痪、交感神经系统激活、体温调控的变化。<a href="#cite_note-Tsoukalas2012-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vitelli2013-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梦是长期记忆的激活">梦是长期记忆的激活</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：梦是长期记忆的激活">编辑</a>]</div> Eugen Tarnow认为，梦是长期记忆持续的激活，即使在清醒状态也存在。梦之所以古怪，是因为长期记忆的建构行为。参照Wilder Penfield 和Rasmussen的发现，对于無聊說电刺激会产生类似于梦的体验；而在清醒的时候，我们的决策能力则会使用真实世界来不断解释长期记忆。Tarnow的理论是对弗洛伊德的梦的理论的再创造，用长期记忆来替代了弗洛伊德的无意识，用长期记忆的建构来代替了弗洛伊德的“梦的工作”。<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梦对语义记忆的强化">梦对语义记忆的强化</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：梦对语义记忆的强化">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippocampus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Hippocampus.png/187px-Hippocampus.png" decoding="async" width="187" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Hippocampus.png 1.5x" data-file-width="231" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%BD%93" title="海马体">海马体</a>的位置</figcaption></figure> 在2001年的研究表明，梦中世界里不合常理的地点、特征可以帮助脑强化联结，固化<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86" title="语义记忆">语义记忆</a>。<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>不合常理的情景之所以会出现，是因为在REM睡眠期间，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%BD%93" title="海马体">海马体</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8" title="新皮质">新皮质</a>之间的信息流减少了。<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> 这个信息流的减少，是因为代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B_(%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="壓力 (醫學)">压力</a>的激素<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8%E9%86%87" class="mw-redirect" title="皮质醇">皮质醇</a>在睡眠后期（通常是在REM睡眠期间）出现。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B0%E5%BF%86%E5%B7%A9%E5%9B%BA" title="记忆巩固">记忆巩固</a>的重要步骤是将距离远但是相关的记忆联系在一起。Payne 和 Nadal 假设这些记忆将会巩固而成为平顺的叙事，类似于压力之下形成记忆的过程。<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> 德国汉堡的生理学家Robert (1886)，<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a>第一个提出了梦是生理必需，它能够擦除（a）没有完成的感官印象（b）在白天没有完成的构思。梦的作用使得未完成的材料被抹去（压制）或者深埋变成记忆的一部分。弗洛伊德在《梦的解释》中多次批评了Robert的观点。Hughlings Jackson (1911) 认为睡眠扮演了清洁工的角色，负责扫除白日形成的不必要记忆和联结。 这个观点在1983年被Crick 和Mitchison再次拾起，提出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反向学习（页面不存在）">反向学习</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reverse_learning" class="extiw" title="en:reverse learning">reverse learning</a>）理论，认为梦就像计算机在关机时擦除运行中的程序，在睡眠中擦除（压制）脑中无用的节点和其他“垃圾”。<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>然而，与之相反的观点，认为梦可以掌握信息，固化记忆的观点（Hennevin and Leconte, 1971）也很流行。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="心理學">心理學</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：心理學">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梦用来测试和选择心理基模">梦用来测试和选择心理基模</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：梦用来测试和选择心理基模">编辑</a>]</div> Coutts<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>认为梦是睡眠期间的主要任务，可以增强心智的能力以满足在人在清醒时的需要。他将梦分为两种相：在调和相（accommodation phase）中，心理基模（mental schemas）通过吸取梦中的主题进行自我调节。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情感选择（页面不存在）">情感选择</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/emotional_selection" class="extiw" title="en:emotional selection">emotional selection</a>）相（emotional selection phase）中，梦用以测试之前调和形成的基模。可以适应的将保留下来，而不能适应的将被淘汰。这个周期符合睡眠周期，在一晚典型的睡眠中重复很多次。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒">阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒</a>认为梦常常是解决问题的情感准备，将个体从常识引向个人逻辑。残留的梦中感觉可能强化或者抑制深思熟虑的行为。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="梦的进化心理学理论">梦的进化心理学理论</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：梦的进化心理学理论">编辑</a>]</div> 许多理论认为，梦是REM睡眠的一种生理副产品，并没有天然的目的。<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a>Flanagan认为“梦是进化的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="附属现象（页面不存在）">附属现象</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphenomenon" class="extiw" title="en:Epiphenomenon">Epiphenomenon</a>），并无有用的功能。梦是一架设计用来思考和睡眠的机器的自由运作”。<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>Hobson从另一个角度也认为梦是附属现象。他认为梦的本质对于清醒状态并没有显著影响，大部分人并不需要回忆梦境，但是白天的生活丝毫不受影响。<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> 然而，一些进化心理学家认为梦对于生存起到一些作用。Deirdre Barrett将梦描述为“另一种生化状态的思考”，她相信人类在睡眠时会继续思考同一些问题，不管是个人问题还是客观问题。<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>她在研究中发现，在所有的领域包括数学、作曲、商业抉择中，都有可能在梦中得到解决。<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>另一个相关的理论是Mark Blechner所谓的梦之达尔文主义（Oneiric Darwinism），梦是在创建随机突变的想法。有一些想法因为无用而被脑拒绝了，而另一些有价值的被保留下来。<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> 也有心理学家认为，人类做梦是大脑在虚拟环境中对如何处置危险情况的预演。尤其是噩梦，人类每年要做300到1000次噩梦。人类正是在噩梦中进行安全训练<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>。芬兰心理学家Antti Revonsuo指出，梦是特地为了提供“威胁刺激”而演化出来的。他提出的“威胁刺激理论”指出，在人类演化的大部分时间里，受到环境和他人的威胁都是非常严重的，如果能够从中生存下来会对繁衍后代非常有利。于是梦在演化中出现了，它可以复制这些威胁，以便人能够不断地练习如何避开它们。作为这个理论的证据，Revonsuo指出，现代人的梦中所遇到的危险情况，要比人们在实际的日常生活中要多得多，而人们都能良好地处置这些威胁。<a href="#cite_note-Blackmore_2004_342–343-81">[81]</a>该理论提出，梦的目的是提供重复的威胁事件的情节，以便个体能够更好地在真实生活中处理它。 英国作家Anders Johansson认为，梦同时表现了欲望和恐惧；梦和人类生存和发展的四个部分相关：身体危险、社会地位、健康和性繁殖。他认为，我们梦到危险、耻辱、病痛，是为了刺激我们恐惧并避开它们；而我们也会梦见较高的社会地位、性幻想对象，是为了激励我们去争取它们。这样，梦就成为了对演化有用的系统。<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他假设">其他假设</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：其他假设">编辑</a>]</div> 关于梦的功能，还有许多假说，包括：<a href="#cite_note-cartwrightcontent-83">[83]</a> <ul><li>梦可以通过幻想来满足心理中被压抑的部分，把外來刺激轉化成夢境以防止被驚醒。<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E4%BC%A6%E9%BD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑多尔·费伦齐（页面不存在）">桑多尔·费伦齐</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ndor_Ferenczi" class="extiw" title="en:Sándor Ferenczi">Sándor Ferenczi</a>）<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>认为当说出自己的梦时，可以表达一些不能直说的东西。</li> <li>梦可以调节情绪。<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li>Hartmann<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>说，梦的功能类似精神疗法。它可以在“安全的地方创造联结”，使得做梦者可以在梦中整合在清醒时散乱的思想。</li> <li>LaBerge和DeGracia<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>认为梦的功能之一是，将无意识的元素通过一个临时的基础重组到意识中，他们把这个过程称为“精神重组”，类似于DNA的基因重组。从生物计算学的角度看来，精神重组可以帮助脑中的信息网络实现可塑性。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="希罗多德">希罗多德</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2_(%E5%B8%8C%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7)" title="歷史 (希羅多德)">历史</a>》中写道：“梦中向我们展示的景象，常常是和白日有关的多，无关的少。”<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="梦的内容">梦的内容</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：梦的内容">编辑</a>]</div> 从1940年代到1985年，Calvin S. Hall在<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%96%AF%E8%A5%BF%E5%84%B2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="凱斯西儲大學">凯斯西储大学</a>收集了超过50000份梦的报告。1966年，Hall 和Van De Castle发表了《梦的内容分析》（The Content Analysis of Dreams），其中他们设计出了一个符号系统来描述来自大学生的1000份梦的报告。<a href="#cite_note-hallcontent-90">[90]</a>他们的研究结果指出，来自世界不同地方的参与者，都报告了类似的梦中内容。Hall的完整的梦的报告，在1990年代中期由他的门生William Domhoff公开发表，很有参考意义。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="视觉">视觉</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：视觉">编辑</a>]</div> 梦的视觉表现是高度幻觉化的：不同地点和不同的物体的形象会始终互相混入。地点、人物、物体的形象总的来说都可以对应到人的记忆和经验，但是它们的形象是极端夸大和古怪的。 先天的盲人梦中不会有视觉影像。他们的梦会和其他感觉有关，比如他们从小接触到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AC%E8%A7%89" title="听觉">听觉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E8%A7%89" class="mw-redirect" title="触觉">触觉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%85%E8%A7%89" title="嗅觉">嗅觉</a>和味觉。<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="情感">情感</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：情感">编辑</a>]</div> 在Hall的研究中，梦中最经常经历的情感是<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91" class="mw-redirect" title="焦虑">焦虑</a>。其他的情感包括被遗弃、<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%A4%E6%80%92" title="憤怒">愤怒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7" title="恐惧">恐惧</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82" title="快樂">快乐</a>。负面的情绪比正面的情绪常见得多。<a href="#cite_note-hallcontent-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="性">性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：性">编辑</a>]</div> Hall的数据分析表明，和性有关的梦的发生率低于10%，在10-20岁中段的年轻人中最为普遍。<a href="#cite_note-hallcontent-90">[90]</a>另一个研究表明，男性和女性共计87%的梦会包含性的内容。<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>在某些情况下，和性有关的梦会导致<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%AE" title="性高潮">性高潮</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E7%B2%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="遗精">遗精</a>。这样的梦俗称为“春梦”。<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="彩色还是黑白">彩色还是黑白</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：彩色还是黑白">编辑</a>]</div> 有一小部分人声称自己的梦只有黑白的。<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">與來源不符</a>]2008年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="邓迪大学">邓迪大学</a>的研究人员发现在童年时期仅仅观看过黑白电视和电影的人，会在25%的情况下报告做黑白的梦。<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="和身体医学状态的关系">和身体医学状态的关系</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：和身体医学状态的关系">编辑</a>]</div> 有证据表明，某种医学身体状况（通常是神经方面的）会对梦有影响。例如，拥有<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E8%A7%89" title="联觉">联觉</a>的人从未报告有完全黑白的梦，而且会难以想象一个梦里只有黑白二色。<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他领域">其他领域</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：其他领域">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="解梦">解梦</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：解梦">编辑</a>]</div> 解梦可以是主观意愿和经验的产物，嘗試解夢是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%9A%E5%89%87" title="普世文化通則">普世文化現象</a>，所有的人類社會都有解夢的習俗。《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="个性与社会心理学杂志">个性与社会心理学杂志</a>》最近发起的一项研究表明，大部分人都相信“他们的梦揭露了有意义的隐藏的真实”。这个调查在美国、韩国和印度进行，表明74%的印度人、65%的韩国人和56%的美国人相信这一点。<a href="#cite_note-time-97">[97]</a> 在亞洲地區，人們會以靠人的夢來占卜吉凶，是為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="占梦">占夢</a>。中國民間也流傳了一本<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623213530/http://www.rekday.com/dream">解夢書籍</a>，共有七類夢境的解述。 治疗<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%A2%A6" title="恶梦">恶梦</a>（通常和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E5%82%B7%E5%BE%8C%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B%E7%B7%8A%E5%BC%B5%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群">PTSD</a>有关）的疗法，可能包含想象梦的每个阶段可能的替代情节。<a href="#cite_note-npr-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="夢的超自然詮釋">夢的超自然詮釋</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：夢的超自然詮釋">编辑</a>]</div> 有認為發夢是因為人入睡後<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="靈魂">靈魂</a>離開軀體，穿越時空，因而有人在現實中會驚覺在夢中曾經見過、經歷過的事情或事物，稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A2%E8%A6%96%E6%84%9F" title="既視感">既視感</a>。有些夢被視為「神異夢境」（Divine Dream），在夢中，祖先、偉人、祭司或神祇會向睡眠者現身，給他預言、建議或警告，古希臘<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇格拉底">蘇格拉底</a>時常在夢中得到指示，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>一再與<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="周公">周公</a>在夢中相會，都屬於神異夢境<a href="#cite_note-余-99">[99]</a>:157。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="和梦相关的其他现象">和梦相关的其他现象</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：和梦相关的其他现象">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对现实的吸纳">对现实的吸纳</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：对现实的吸纳">编辑</a>]</div> 在夜间，会有许多外界刺激轰炸着感官，但是脑通常会把它们解释、转化为梦的一部分，以便让睡眠继续。<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>梦对刺激的吸纳，指的就是实际的感觉，例如环境的声音，被梦境吸纳：例如听见电话铃声会转化为梦境中的电话铃，而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%81%BA%E5%B0%BF" title="夜遺尿">尿床</a>时会梦见撒尿。然而，意识也会在遇到危险时，或者被训练为听到某种特定声音时（例如婴儿的哭声）醒来。 “梦对现实的吸纳”这个说法，也可用于指早先白日的事件变为梦中元素的过程。最近的研究表明，在大约一周前发生的事件，在梦中最容易出现。<a href="#cite_note-day-residue-101">[101]</a>目前的研究顯示長到6天的回溯記憶可以表現在夢境。不過，大部份的夢並無可以辨識的前驅經驗<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a>。另有研究發現可回溯至7天前的記憶，尼爾森曾放了一部令人不安的影片（印尼村民為了舉行儀式屠殺水牛）給一組志願者看，這部影片首次反映在志願者夢中的高峰期是放映後三天，然後腦內的重播則相隔一週，也就是在放映後第十天。這個模式符合一項針對跳傘新手的研究結果，他們的經驗在第一次跳傘後三天才從夢裡冒出來，然後在跳傘後第十天二度重現<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="表现对真实事件的预知">表现对真实事件的预知</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：表现对真实事件的预知">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E7%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="预知">预知</a></div> 根据调查，很多人认为他们的梦可以预言生活中的事件。<a href="#cite_note-hines-104">[104]</a>心理学家将他们的这种经验称作<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%81%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="認知偏誤">认知偏误</a>，表示选择性记住那些正确预言的记忆，进行扭曲，从而梦就可以回溯性地解释为和生活经历相符合。<a href="#cite_note-hines-104">[104]</a>梦的丰富层次使得从中非常容易找出和真实事件相符的情节。<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> 在一个实验中，被試者被要求在日记本上写下他们的梦。这会阻止选择性记忆效应，而梦就不再显现出预言未来的能力。<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a>另一个实验中给了被试者一本假的日记，上面记载了表现为预言的梦。日记里描述了某个人的生活，以及一些预言成功的梦和没有预言的梦。当被试被要求回忆他们所阅读的梦时，他们回忆起可以预言的梦的成功率要高于没有预言的梦。<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="清醒夢">清醒夢</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：清醒夢">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%86%92%E5%A4%A2" title="清醒夢">清醒夢</a></div> 清醒梦又称为清明梦，意思是在梦中可以保持清醒，并且知道自己正在做梦。有些人在做梦时会突然醒觉到自己正在做梦，当他知道自己在做梦时，他便可以控制自己的梦境，这便是清醒梦了。在清醒梦中，你可以自由地控制自己的行动，也可以任意控制梦境的内容，甚至梦中的其它人也完全由你来控制。但是清醒梦并不要求一定要能够控制梦中物体。只要知道自己在做梦就称为清醒梦。<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a>清醒梦的发生经过了科学确认。<a href="#cite_note-Watanabe2003-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="在清醒梦期间沟通">在清醒梦期间沟通</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：在清醒梦期间沟通">编辑</a>]</div> 1975年，心理学家Keith Hearne成功地完成了和一个做梦者在清醒梦期间沟通。被试和Hearne的助手Alan Worsley之前约定了在清醒梦期间将眼球左右运动，然后在梦中完成了这项任务。<a href="#cite_note-Lucid_dream_communication-110">[110]</a> 一年之后，生理心理学家Stephen LaBerge完成了类似的工作，包括： <ul><li>用眼球运动来描绘被试在梦中的时间感觉。</li> <li>比较在清醒时和在梦中唱歌时的脑电活动。</li> <li>梦中的性爱、性唤起和高潮的比较。<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="控夢">控夢</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：控夢">编辑</a>]</div> 夢的成因的一种解釋為神經脈衝中一些未被處理好的衝擊，這些衝擊波會使我們大腦中的一小部分從睡眠狀態中活躍起來，經過大腦的處理，形成夢。換言之，只要我們大腦的判斷部分及思考部分也活躍起來，能夠發出更強的衝擊波，取代原先的衝擊波，那我們便能隨心所慾控制自己的夢境的一切，即清醒夢，包括感覺、其他人的言行舉止、甚至違反一切物理定律。 控夢需要做夢者自己知道身在夢中，才可能達至改變。 <ol><li>知覺（醒覺），想控制夢境的人必須先要知道自己身處夢中，並相信夢境是能夠隨心改變，從而激發大腦思考部分活躍。</li> <li>改變，當思考部分活躍起來後，便能夠按自己思想去改變夢境的內容，然而作夢者意志必須堅定，否則大腦傳出的衝擊波較原先未被處理的衝擊波弱，夢境內容將不會被改變。</li></ol> 一般人會認為控夢是不可能的事，因為當人進入夢境後，自我意識便會失去，自己將不能判斷出是否在夢中，然而根據實驗發現，人是能夠透過訓練使自己在夢中判斷出自己在做夢，但成功率偏低，只有約兩成實驗對象能在半年時間內訓練至成功控夢，而且他們指出，儘管能改變夢境內容，但可改變的範圍有限，一般只能改變做夢者集中精神去思索的一樣事物。對於此點，亦有不同的解釋，大部分人認為是人腦在睡眠中能被激發的部分有限，無法處理太多神經脈衝，因此大部分仍是靠潛意識去處理。但實驗仍能作出總結，控夢是能夠透過訓練達到。 有人認為，控夢其實很容易達到。只要在一個不尋常的處境下告訴自己是夢，就可以依思考做出自己想做的事情，完成許多在現實生活無法完成的事情，且可以在夢醒後持續記得夢的內容。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="无心过失的梦">无心过失的梦</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：无心过失的梦">编辑</a>]</div> 无心过失之梦（DAMT）是指做梦者梦见他/她努力想要制止的无心过错（一个典型例子就是一个戒烟者梦见自己在抽烟）。经历过DAMT的被试报告在醒来时会感觉到罪恶感。有研究发现在DAMT和成功阻止这样的行为之间有着正相关。<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对梦的回忆">对梦的回忆</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：对梦的回忆">编辑</a>]</div> 对梦的回忆常常极其不可信，然而回忆的技巧是可以训练的。在人刚刚从梦中醒来时，梦常常可以被回忆起来。<a href="#cite_note-npr-98">[98]</a>女性比起男性来，会更经常成功回忆起梦。<a href="#cite_note-npr-98">[98]</a>难以回忆起的梦，通常会被认为是具有相对小的心理影响，而心理凸显效应、唤起和干涉都会在梦的回忆中起重要作用。通常梦会因为听到或者看见某个随机的信息而触发。“凸显假说”认为，所谓“凸显”的梦中内容，也就是故事性、强烈、异常的内容更容易被记住。有许多证据表明，生动的、强烈的、或者不寻常的梦会经常被记起。<a href="#cite_note-Watson-113">[113]</a>“梦日记”可以帮助梦的回忆，通常是出于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" class="mw-redirect" title="心理治疗">心理治疗</a>或者个人爱好。 对于一些人来说，在入睡前有时会产生来自前一晚的梦的感觉，然而，它们通常过于微弱难以回忆。至少95%的梦没有进入记忆。将短期记忆转化为长期记忆所必须的脑化学系统在REM睡眠期间被抑制了。除非一个梦特别生动，并且在做梦期间或者短时间内醒来，梦的内容都不会被记住。<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="个体差异">个体差异</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：个体差异">编辑</a>]</div> 和凸显假说相符合，有许多证据表明，拥有更多生动、强烈或者不寻常的梦的人，对梦的回忆也会比较多。有理由相信，意识的连续性和梦的回忆有关。更明确地说，在白天经历了更生动和不寻常的生活的人，也会做更多容易被记得的梦，从而对梦的回忆更多。对于个性中创造力、想象力和幻想更多的人，例如有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%80%A7" title="经验开放性">经验开放性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%A5%E6%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="白日梦">白日梦</a>、幻想倾向人格、吸收意识和易催眠等特性的人，会有更多的梦的回忆。<a href="#cite_note-Watson-113">[113]</a>也有证据表明梦和清醒时经验的奇异特性是有关联的，也就是说，在白天经历到更奇异的生活，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E5%9E%8B%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="分裂型障碍">分裂型障碍</a>严重的人会有更多梦的回忆，也会更常做噩梦。<a href="#cite_note-Watson-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="既视感">既视感</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：既视感">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A2%E8%A6%96%E6%84%9F" title="既視感">既视感</a></div> 关于既视感（déjà vu）的一个理论认为，这种似曾相识的感觉，是因为人在梦中见过类似的场景或者情节，然后忘记了它，直到在清醒时见到了类似情景才想起来，所以显得很神秘。<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="白日梦">白日梦</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：白日梦">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%A5%E6%A2%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="白日梦">白日梦</a></div> 白日梦是影像化的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E6%83%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="幻想">幻想</a>，在清醒时体会到栩栩如生的影像，特别是那些有趣、快乐的想法、希望和目标。<a href="#cite_note-Klinger-116">[116]</a>白日梦有很多种类，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="心理学家">心理学家</a>之间并没有形成一致的标准。<a href="#cite_note-Klinger-116">[116]</a>大众也用这个词来表示范围广泛的各种体验。哈佛的心理学家Deirdre Barrett发现，许多經歷過栩栩如生、如夢境般<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%83%8F" title="心像">心像</a>的人，会用“白日梦”来称呼这个现象，而其他很多人会用“白日梦”这个词来指代较轻微的心像、未来的计划、对记忆的回顾或者仅仅是“出神”（类似头脑一片空白）。<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> 白日梦长期以来被贬为懒惰、无所事事，但是现在人们也承认在特定条件下白日梦也是有建设性的。<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a>有许多例子表明，进行创造性工作的人，例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%9B%B2%E5%AE%B6" title="作曲家">作曲家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="小说家">小说家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="电影制作">电影制作</a>人，会在白日梦期间产生新的想法。与之类似，研究型的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="科学家">科学家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="数学家">数学家</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="物理学家">物理学家</a>在他们的领域也可能在白日梦中得到灵感。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="幻觉">幻觉</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：幻觉">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A7%89" title="幻觉">幻觉</a></div> 幻觉，在广义上指的是没有<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E6%BF%80" class="mw-disambig" title="刺激">刺激</a>的情况下出现的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="感知">感知</a>。在严格的意义上，幻觉指的是在清醒、有意识状态下的，没有刺激的情况下，获得的类似真实的感知，它们生动、像真实、位于外部空间。较晚的定义区分了幻觉和梦中的幻象，后者不是处于清醒状态。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="恶梦">恶梦</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：恶梦">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%A2%A6" title="恶梦">恶梦</a></div> 恶梦是一种让人不舒服的梦，可以带来强烈的负面情绪，通常是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7" title="恐惧">恐惧</a>，也会有<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E7%BB%AA%E6%8A%91%E9%83%81" class="mw-redirect" title="情绪抑郁">情绪抑郁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91" class="mw-redirect" title="焦虑">焦虑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%82%B7" title="悲傷">悲伤</a>。恶梦中会包含危险、不舒服、心理或者物理的恐怖。做恶梦的人常常会在一种痛苦的情绪中醒来，可能在很长时间内无法再次入睡。<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="夜惊">夜惊</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：夜惊">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%A9%9A" title="夜驚">夜惊</a></div> 夜惊是一种主要发生在儿童之间的<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%9D%A1%E7%97%87" title="異睡症">异睡症</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="睡眠障碍">睡眠障碍</a>，会导致恐怖的感觉。不应将夜惊和恶梦混淆，后者指的是梦引起的恐怖或者恐惧。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a 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San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Cicero, De Republica, VI, 10 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bar, Shaul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zs3gup4iFu4C&pg=PA15">A letter that has not been read: Dreams in the Hebrew Bible</a>. Hebrew Union College Press. 2001 [April 4, 2013]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208182159/https://books.google.com/books?id=zs3gup4iFu4C&pg=PA15">存档</a>于2022-02-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=Shaul&rft.aulast=Bar&rft.btitle=A+letter+that+has+not+been+read%3A+Dreams+in+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Hebrew+Union+College+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzs3gup4iFu4C%26pg%3DPA15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Edgar, Iain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929125708/http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title.php?rowtag=EdgarDream">The Dream in Islam: From Qur'anic Tradition to Jihadist Inspiration</a>. 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[April 4, 2013]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209171035/http://measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR157/04Chapter04.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2012-12-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.btitle=Badan+Pusat+Statistik+%22Indonesia+Young+Adult+Reproductive+Health+Survey+2002%E2%80%932004%22+p.+27&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.measuredhs.com%2Fpubs%2Fpdf%2FFR157%2F04Chapter04.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Michael Schredl, Petra Ciric, Simon Götz, Lutz Wittmann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-psychology_2004-11_138_6/page/485">Typical Dreams: Stability and Gender Differences</a>. The Journal of Psychology. November 2004, 138 (6): 485–94. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15612605">PMID 15612605</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3200%2FJRLP.138.6.485-494">doi:10.3200/JRLP.138.6.485-494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Typical+Dreams%3A+Stability+and+Gender+Differences&rft.au=Michael+Schredl%2C+Petra+Ciric%2C+Simon+G%C3%B6tz%2C+Lutz+Wittmann&rft.date=2004-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Psychology&rft.pages=485-94&rft.volume=138&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-psychology_2004-11_138_6%2Fpage%2F485&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3200%2FJRLP.138.6.485-494&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15612605&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Alleyne, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091012010849/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3353504/Black-and-white-TV-generation-have-monochrome-dreams.html">Black and white TV generation have monochrome dreams</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). October 17, 2008 [2015-08-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3353504/Black-and-white-TV-generation-have-monochrome-dreams.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-10-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Black+and+white+TV+generation+have+monochrome+dreams&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.aulast=Alleyne&rft.date=2008-10-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fscience-news%2F3353504%2FBlack-and-white-TV-generation-have-monochrome-dreams.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Harrison, John E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/synaesthesiastra0000harr">Synaesthesia: The Strangest Thing</a>. Oxford University Press. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-263245-0" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-263245-0">ISBN 0-19-263245-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.btitle=Synaesthesia%3A+The+Strangest+Thing&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-19-263245-0&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsynaesthesiastra0000harr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-time-97"><a href="#cite_ref-time_97-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Cloud, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826194904/http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1881498,00.html">Why dreams mean less than we think</a>. Time magazine. February 25, 2009 [October 26, 2011]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1881498,00.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-08-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Why+dreams+mean+less+than+we+think&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Cloud&rft.date=2009-02-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fhealth%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1881498%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr_98-0">98.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_98-1">98.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_98-2">98.2</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15778923">The Science Behind Dreams and Nightmares</a>. Npr.org. [April 4, 2013]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110112002322/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15778923">存档</a>于2011-01-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.btitle=The+Science+Behind+Dreams+and+Nightmares&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Npr.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D15778923&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-余-99"><a href="#cite_ref-余_99-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E8%8B%B1%E6%99%82" title="余英時">余英時</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110163229/https://vdisk.weibo.com/search/?type=public&keyword=%25E8%25AB%2596%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E4%25B9%258B%25E9%259A%259B">《論天人之際：中國古代思想起源試探》</a>. 台北: 聯經出版事業股份有限公司. 2014 [2014-11-07]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/957084325X" title="Special:网络书源/957084325X">ISBN 957084325X</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vdisk.weibo.com/search/?type=public&keyword=%E8%AB%96%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E9%9A%9B">原始内容</a>存档于2021-11-10） （中文（繁體））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.au=%E4%BD%99%E8%8B%B1%E6%99%82&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AB%96%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E9%9A%9B%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%A6%E6%8E%A2%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=957084325X&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97&rft.pub=%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%93%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E8%82%A1%E4%BB%BD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvdisk.weibo.com%2Fsearch%2F%3Ftype%3Dpublic%26keyword%3D%25E8%25AB%2596%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E4%25B9%258B%25E9%259A%259B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Antrobus, John. Characteristics of Dreams. Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming. 1993.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+Dreams&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Antrobus&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sleep+and+Dreaming&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-day-residue-101"><a href="#cite_ref-day-residue_101-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Geneviève Alain, MPs; Tore A. Nielsen, PhD; Russell Powell, PhD; Don Kuiken, PhD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030416200751/http://www.asdreams.org/2003/abstracts/genevieve_alain.htm">Replication of the Day-residue and Dream-lag Effect</a>. 20th Annual International Conference of the Association for the Study of Dreams. July 2003 [2015-08-18]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asdreams.org/2003/abstracts/genevieve_alain.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2003-04-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Replication+of+the+Day-residue+and+Dream-lag+Effect&rft.au=Don+Kuiken%2C+PhD&rft.au=Genevi%C3%A8ve+Alain%2C+MPs&rft.au=Russell+Powell%2C+PhD&rft.au=Tore+A.+Nielsen%2C+PhD&rft.date=2003-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20th+Annual+International+Conference+of+the+Association+for+the+Study+of+Dreams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asdreams.org%2F2003%2Fabstracts%2Fgenevieve_alain.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Hobson A: Sleep is of the brain, by the brain and for the brain, Nature 473:1254, 27 Oct, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109132618/http://www.books.com.tw/books/series/series9789867001672-10.php">存档副本</a>. [2013-11-09]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.books.com.tw/books/series/series9789867001672-10.php">原始内容</a>存档于2013-11-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.books.com.tw%2Fbooks%2Fseries%2Fseries9789867001672-10.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-hines-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hines_104-0">104.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hines_104-1">104.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Hines, Terence. Pseudoscience and the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. 2003: 78–81. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-57392-979-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-57392-979-0">ISBN 978-1-57392-979-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.btitle=Pseudoscience+and+the+Paranormal&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57392-979-0&rft.pages=78-81&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gilovich, Thomas. How We Know What Isn't So: the fallibility of human reason in everyday life. Simon & Schuster. 1991: 177–180. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-02-911706-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-02-911706-4">ISBN 978-0-02-911706-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Gilovich&rft.btitle=How+We+Know+What+Isn%27t+So%3A+the+fallibility+of+human+reason+in+everyday+life&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-02-911706-4&rft.pages=177-180&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Alcock, James E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_0080257739">Parapsychology: Science or Magic?: a psychological perspective</a>. 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Prometheus Books. 2003: 78–81. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-57392-979-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-57392-979-0">ISBN 978-1-57392-979-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.btitle=Pseudoscience+and+the+Paranormal&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57392-979-0&rft.pages=78-81&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Madey, Scott; Thomas Gilovich. Effects of Temporal Focus on the Recall of Expectancy-Consistent and Expectancy-Inconsistent Information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1993, 62 (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Temporal+Focus+on+the+Recall+of+Expectancy-Consistent+and+Expectancy-Inconsistent+Information&rft.au=Thomas+Gilovich&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.aulast=Madey&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Personality+and+Social+Psychology&rft.volume=62&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  via <cite class="citation book">Kida, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dontbelieveevery00kida">Don't Believe Everything You Think: The 6 Basic Mistakes We Make in Thinking</a>. Prometheus Books. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59102-408-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59102-408-8">ISBN 978-1-59102-408-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Kida&rft.btitle=Don%27t+Believe+Everything+You+Think%3A+The+6+Basic+Mistakes+We+Make+in+Thinking&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59102-408-8&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdontbelieveevery00kida&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychwww.com/asc/ld/faq.html">Lucid dreaming FAQ</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070313100513/http://www.psychwww.com/asc/ld/faq.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lucidity_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lucidity Institute（页面不存在）">The Lucidity Institute</a> at Psych Web. </li> <li id="cite_note-Watanabe2003-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Watanabe2003_109-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Watanabe, T. Lucid Dreaming: Its Experimental Proof and Psychological Conditions. J Int Soc Life Inf Sci. 2003, 21 (1). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1341-9226">ISSN 1341-9226</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Lucid+Dreaming%3A+Its+Experimental+Proof+and+Psychological+Conditions&rft.au=Watanabe%2C+T.&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1341-9226&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=J+Int+Soc+Life+Inf+Sci&rft.volume=21&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucid_dream_communication-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Lucid_dream_communication_110-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.keithhearne.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/RECHTSCHAFFEN.pdf">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120426081653/http://www.keithhearne.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/RECHTSCHAFFEN.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Lucid Dream Communication </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> LaBerge, S. (2014). Lucid dreaming: Paradoxes of dreaming consciousness. In E. Cardeña, S. Lynn, S. Krippner (Eds.) , Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining the scientific evidence (2nd ed.) (pp. 145-173). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F14258-006">10.1037/14258-006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hajek P, Belcher M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-abnormal-psychology_1991-11_100_4/page/487">Dream of absent-minded transgression: an empirical study of a cognitive withdrawal symptom</a>. J Abnorm Psychol. 1991, 100 (4): 487–91. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1757662">PMID 1757662</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0021-843X.100.4.487">doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.487</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Dream+of+absent-minded+transgression%3A+an+empirical+study+of+a+cognitive+withdrawal+symptom&rft.au=Hajek+P%2C+Belcher+M&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=J+Abnorm+Psychol&rft.pages=487-91&rft.volume=100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-abnormal-psychology_1991-11_100_4%2Fpage%2F487&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0021-843X.100.4.487&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1757662&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Watson-113">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_113-0">113.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_113-1">113.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watson_113-2">113.2</a> <cite class="citation journal">Watson, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_personality-and-individual-differences_2003-05_34_7/page/1271">To dream, perchance to remember: Individual differences in dream recall</a>. Personality and Individual Differences. 2003, 34 (7): 1271–1286. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0191-8869%2802%2900114-9">doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00114-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=To+dream%2C+perchance+to+remember%3A+Individual+differences+in+dream+recall&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.pages=1271-1286&rft.volume=34&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_personality-and-individual-differences_2003-05_34_7%2Fpage%2F1271&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0191-8869%2802%2900114-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hobson, J.A.; McCarly, R.W. The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1977, 134 (12): 1335–1348. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21570">PMID 21570</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1176%2Fajp.134.12.1335">doi:10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=The+brain+as+a+dream-state+generator%3A+An+activation-synthesis+hypothesis+of+the+dream+process&rft.au=McCarly%2C+R.W.&rft.aufirst=J.A.&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.date=1977&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Psychiatry&rft.pages=1335-1348&rft.volume=134&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1176%2Fajp.134.12.1335&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21570&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lohff, David C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/davidclohffsdrea0000lohf">The Dream Directory: The Comprehensive Guide to Analysis and Interpretation</a>. Running Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7624-1962-8" title="Special:网络书源/0-7624-1962-8">ISBN 0-7624-1962-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rft.aulast=Lohff&rft.btitle=The+Dream+Directory%3A+The+Comprehensive+Guide+to+Analysis+and+Interpretation&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7624-1962-8&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdavidclohffsdrea0000lohf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Klinger-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_116-0">116.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_116-1">116.1</a> Klinger, Eric (October 1987). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychology_Today&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychology Today（页面不存在）">Psychology Today</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Barrett, D. L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-abnormal-psychology_1979-10_88_5/page/584">The Hypnotic Dream: Its Content in Comparison to Nocturnal Dreams and Waking Fantasy</a>. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1979, 88: 584–591. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0021-843x.88.5.584">doi:10.1037/0021-843x.88.5.584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=The+Hypnotic+Dream%3A+Its+Content+in+Comparison+to+Nocturnal+Dreams+and+Waking+Fantasy&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Abnormal+Psychology&rft.pages=584-591&rft.volume=88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-abnormal-psychology_1979-10_88_5%2Fpage%2F584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0021-843x.88.5.584&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Barrett, D. L. Fantasizers and Dissociaters: Two types of High Hypnotizables, Two Imagery Styles. in R. Kusendorf, N. Spanos, & B. Wallace (Eds.) Hypnosis and Imagination, NY: Baywood, 1996; & Barrett, D. L. Dissociaters, Fantasizers, and their Relation to Hypnotizability in Barrett, D. L. (Ed.) Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy, (2 vol.): Vol. 1: History, theory and general research, Vol. 2: Psychotherapy research and applications, NY, NY: Praeger/Greenwood, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Tierney_(journalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Tierney (journalist)（页面不存在）">Tierney, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/science/29tier.html?src=me&ref=general">Discovering the Virtues of a Wandering Mind</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. June 28, 2010 [2015-08-19]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109034608/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/science/29tier.html?src=me&ref=general">存档</a>于2020-11-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A2&rft.atitle=Discovering+the+Virtues+of+a+Wandering+Mind&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.date=2010-06-28&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F06%2F29%2Fscience%2F29tier.html%3Fsrc%3Dme%26ref%3Dgeneral&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> American Psychiatric Association (2000), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed, TR, p. 631 </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Jayne Gackenbach，朱恩伶译：《梦的指南：解析奥妙的清明之梦》，台湾，远流</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考書目">參考書目</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：參考書目">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>《夢的迷信與夢的探索》，劉文英著，中國社會科學出版社，1989。</li> <li>《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackholedream.blogspot.hk/">活在夢中</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180321130640/https://blackholedream.blogspot.hk/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）》，勇創著，網路短篇小説， 2018。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關主題">相關主題</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：相關主題">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%86%92%E5%A4%A2" title="清醒夢">清醒夢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%87%BA%E7%AB%85" title="靈魂出竅">靈魂出竅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A6%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="幻覺">幻覺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95/%E5%A4%A2" title="Special:前缀索引/夢">名稱以「夢」開頭的所有条目</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读">延伸阅读</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读">编辑</a>]</div> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36348" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q36348">在维基数据编辑</a>] <dl><dd><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E6%9B%86%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E5%BA%B6%E5%BE%B5%E5%85%B8/%E5%A4%A2%E9%83%A8#夢" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/曆象彙編/庶徵典/夢部">欽定古今圖書集成·曆象彙編·庶徵典·夢部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A2&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506081835/http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/ls-world/article?mid=214&prev=251&l=f&fid=17">夢的原理 -- Elements of Dream</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.petrix.com/dreams/">Dreams Dictionary (The Meaning of Dreams)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210223042455/http://www.petrix.com/dreams/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msnbc.msn.com/id/5569228/site/newsweek/">Newsweek Article exploring dreams</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100723065207/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5569228/site/newsweek/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samvak.tripod.com/dream.html">Psychological and biological aspects of dreaming</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210125143016/http://samvak.tripod.com/dream.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dreamgate.com/dream/resources/online_a.htm">DreamGate</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210126023209/http://www.dreamgate.com/dream/resources/online_a.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） offers an exhaustive list of *<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111110053848/http://www.ruyatabirlerievi.com/">Rüya Tabirleri</a>dream related sites</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wave.customer.netspace.net.au/hf2004/htm/dreams.htm">The Interpretation of Dreams (alternative ideas)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210125005255/http://wave.customer.netspace.net.au/hf2004/htm/dreams.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="心理生理學（英语：-&#123;Psychophysiology&#125;-）：睡眠及睡眠障碍（F51和G47_/_307.4和327）" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:silver;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="Template:睡眠"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="Template talk:睡眠"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:睡眠"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="心理生理學（英语：-&#123;Psychophysiology&#125;-）：睡眠及睡眠障碍（F51和G47_/_307.4和327）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psychophysiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psychophysiology（页面不存在）">心理生理學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysiology" class="extiw" title="en:Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a>）：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">睡眠</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="睡眠障碍">睡眠障碍</a>（<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="ICD-10 第五章：精神和行为障碍">F51</a>和<a href="/wiki/ICD-10_%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%AB%A0%EF%BC%9A%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="ICD-10 第六章：神经系统疾病">G47</a> / <a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(290%E2%80%93319)#精神官能症，人格違常及其他非精神病性精神疾患_(300–316)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (290–319)">307.4</a>和<a href="/wiki/ICD-9%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(320%E2%80%93359)" title="ICD-9编码列表 (320–359)">327</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠分期（页面不存在）">睡眠分期</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep cycle">Sleep cycle</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E6%9C%9F" title="快速動眼期">快速動眼期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="非快速動眼睡眠">非快速動眼睡眠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%B3%A2%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="慢波睡眠">慢波睡眠</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E9%9B%BB%E6%8F%8F%E8%A8%98%E8%A1%93" title="腦電描記術">腦波</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α波（页面不存在）">α波</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_wave" class="extiw" title="en:Alpha wave">Alpha wave</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β波（页面不存在）">β波</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_wave" class="extiw" title="en:Beta wave">Beta wave</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%93%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Γ波（页面不存在）">γ波</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave" class="extiw" title="en:Gamma wave">Gamma wave</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta%E6%B3%A2" title="Delta波">𝛿波</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%98%E8%8A%82%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Θ节律（页面不存在）">θ节律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_rhythm" class="extiw" title="en:Theta rhythm">Theta rhythm</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K-%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K-复合波（页面不存在）">K-复合波</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-complex" class="extiw" title="en:K-complex">K-complex</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E6%A2%AD%E7%8A%B6%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠梭状波（页面不存在）">睡眠梭状波</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_spindle" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep spindle">Sleep spindle</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E8%A7%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E8%8A%82%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感觉运动节律（页面不存在）">感觉运动节律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorimotor_rhythm" class="extiw" title="en:Sensorimotor rhythm">Sensorimotor rhythm</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μ波（页面不存在）">μ节律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu_wave" class="extiw" title="en:Mu wave">Mu wave</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D" title="睡眠障碍">睡眠障碍</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8" title="睡眠異常">睡眠異常</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E7%9C%A0" title="失眠">失眠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E4%BD%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%9D%A1%E7%97%85" title="發作性睡病">發作性嗜睡病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E6%9A%82%E5%81%9C" title="睡眠呼吸暂停">睡眠呼吸暂停</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E8%83%96%E8%82%BA%E6%8D%A2%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81" title="肥胖肺换气不足综合征">肥胖肺换气不足综合征</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BF%81%E4%B8%B9%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E5%9B%B0%E6%89%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="翁丹呼吸困扰（页面不存在）">翁丹呼吸困扰</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondine%27s_curse" class="extiw" title="en:Ondine's curse">Ondine's curse</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E7%9D%A1%E7%97%87" title="嗜睡症">嗜睡症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%8F%91%E6%80%A7%E5%97%9C%E7%9D%A1%E7%97%87" title="特发性嗜睡症">特發性嗜睡癥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E6%81%A9-%E8%90%8A%E6%96%87%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="克萊恩-萊文症候群">克萊恩-萊文症候群</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%94%99%E8%A7%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠状态错觉（页面不存在）">睡眠状态错觉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_state_misperception" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep state misperception">Sleep state misperception</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.15em;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9D%E5%A4%9C%E7%AF%80%E5%BE%8B%E6%80%A7%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="晝夜節律性睡眠障礙">晝夜節律性睡眠障礙</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9B%B8%E6%8F%90%E5%89%8D%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡相提前障碍（页面不存在）">睡相提前障碍</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_disorder" class="extiw" title="en:Advanced sleep phase disorder">Advanced sleep phase disorder</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E7%9B%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%90%8E%E7%A7%BB%E7%97%87%E5%80%99%E7%BE%A4" title="睡眠相位后移症候群">睡眠相位后移症候群</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E4%B8%8D%E8%A7%84%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠不规律（页面不存在）">睡眠不规律</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_sleep%E2%80%93wake_rhythm" class="extiw" title="en:Irregular sleep–wake rhythm">Irregular sleep–wake rhythm</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%B7%AE%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="时差问题">时差问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E24%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E8%A6%BA%E9%86%92%E9%9A%9C%E7%A4%99" title="非24小時睡眠覺醒障礙">非24小时睡醒周期障碍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E7%8F%AD%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E7%B4%8A%E4%BA%82" title="輪班工作睡眠紊亂">輪班工作睡眠紊亂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%9D%A1%E7%97%87" title="異睡症">異睡症</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9C%E9%97%B4%E5%91%BB%E5%90%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夜间呻吟（页面不存在）">夜间呻吟</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catathrenia" class="extiw" title="en:Catathrenia">Catathrenia</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%A9%9A" title="夜驚">夜驚</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%8A%A8%E7%9C%BC%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA%E7%96%BE%E6%82%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="快速动眼期行为疾患（页面不存在）">快速动眼期行为疾患</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_behavior_disorder" class="extiw" title="en:Rapid eye movement behavior disorder">Rapid eye movement behavior disorder</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%A6%E6%B8%B8%E7%97%87" title="梦游症">梦游症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E5%A4%A2%E8%A9%B1" title="說夢話">說夢話</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%A3%9F%E7%97%87" title="夜食症">夜食症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E5%B0%BF%E7%97%87" title="夜尿症">夜尿症</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E6%80%A7%E8%82%A2%E4%BD%93%E6%8A%BD%E5%8A%A8%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="周期性肢体抽动障碍（页面不存在）">夜间肌肉抽动</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder" class="extiw" title="en:Periodic limb movement disorder">Periodic limb movement disorder</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%A8%E7%89%99%E7%97%87" title="磨牙症">磨牙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;">正常現象</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">夢</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E5%A4%B4%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爆炸头综合症（页面不存在）">爆炸头综合症</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploding_head_syndrome" class="extiw" title="en:Exploding head syndrome">Exploding head syndrome</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E9%86%92" title="假醒">假醒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E6%A2%A6%E5%8D%8A%E9%86%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半梦半醒（页面不存在）">半梦半醒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnagogia" class="extiw" title="en:Hypnagogia">Hypnagogia</a>） / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A5%E7%9D%A1%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="入睡开始（页面不存在）">入睡开始</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_onset" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep onset">Sleep onset</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E7%9D%A1%E6%8A%BD%E5%8B%95" title="入睡抽動">入睡抽動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%86%92%E5%A4%A2" title="清醒夢">清醒夢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%A2%A6" title="恶梦">恶梦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%96%93%E9%99%B0%E8%92%82%E5%8B%83%E8%B5%B7" title="夜間陰蒂勃起">夜間陰蒂勃起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E7%B2%BE" title="遺精">遺精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%96%93%E9%99%B0%E8%8E%96%E5%8B%83%E8%B5%B7" title="夜間陰莖勃起">夜間陰莖勃起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E7%98%AB%E7%97%AA%E7%97%87" title="睡眠瘫痪症">睡眠瘫痪症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8F%E7%9D%A1" title="昏睡">昏睡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lemonchiffon;">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%AD%B8" title="睡眠學">睡眠學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8A" title="床">床</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%B1%A4%E5%BA%8A" title="雙層床">雙層床</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E5%B8%B7%E6%9F%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四帷柱大床（页面不存在）">四帷柱大床</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-poster_bed" class="extiw" title="en:Four-poster bed">Four-poster bed</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9C%98" title="布團">布團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%91" title="长沙发">長沙發</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daybed" class="extiw" title="en:Daybed">Daybed</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8A%E5%BA%8A" title="吊床">吊床</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E5%9E%AB" title="床垫">床垫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E8%A2%8B" title="睡袋">睡袋</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E8%99%AB%E7%A7%91" title="臭虫科">床蝨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E4%B8%8A%E7%94%A8%E5%93%81" title="床上用品">寝具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A5%E6%88%BF" title="臥房">臥房</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%B1%E5%AF%9D%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="就寝时间（页面不存在）">就寝时间</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime" class="extiw" title="en:Bedtime">Bedtime</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E5%89%8D%E7%8E%A9%E5%85%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡前玩具（页面不存在）">睡前玩具</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime_toy" class="extiw" title="en:Bedtime toy">Bedtime toy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E5%89%8D%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡前故事（页面不存在）">睡前故事</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedtime_story" class="extiw" title="en:Bedtime story">Bedtime story</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">咖啡因盹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="時間生物學">生理时钟</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%A6%E6%83%B3%E6%97%A5%E8%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梦想日记（页面不存在）">梦想日记</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dream_diary" class="extiw" title="en:Dream diary">Dream diary</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E9%97%B4%E8%BF%87%E5%BA%A6%E6%80%9D%E7%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日间过度思睡（页面不存在）">日间过度思睡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excessive_daytime_sleepiness" class="extiw" title="en:Excessive daytime sleepiness">Excessive daytime sleepiness</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8A%E7%9D%A1%E9%86%92%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="半睡醒状态（页面不存在）">半睡醒状态</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypnopompic" class="extiw" title="en:Hypnopompic">Hypnopompic</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E7%B1%83%E6%9B%B2" title="搖籃曲">搖籃曲</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E8%AF%B1%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠诱发（页面不存在）">睡眠诱发</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_induction" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep induction">Sleep induction</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="微睡眠">微睡眠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="睡眠">打盹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E8%A1%A3" title="睡衣">睡衣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="多阶段睡眠">多阶段睡眠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%A0%85%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E6%AA%A2%E6%9F%A5" title="多項生理睡眠檢查">多項生理睡眠檢查</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E7%B2%BE%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8F%E7%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恢复精力的小睡（页面不存在）">恢复精力的小睡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_nap" class="extiw" title="en:Power nap">Power nap</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_wind_(sleep)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second wind (sleep)（页面不存在）">Second wind</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_wind_(sleep)" class="extiw" title="en:Second wind (sleep)">Second wind (sleep)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%88%E7%9D%A1" title="午睡">午睡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠与创造力（页面不存在）">睡眠与创造力</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_and_creativity" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep and creativity">Sleep and creativity</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠学习法（页面不存在）">睡眠学习法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_and_learning" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep and learning">Sleep and learning</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3" title="睡眠不足">睡眠不足</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E4%B8%8D%E8%B6%B3" title="睡眠不足">睡眠剥夺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E6%97%A5%E8%AE%B0" title="睡眠日记">睡眠日记</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" title="睡眠衛生">睡眠卫生</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_hygiene" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep hygiene">Sleep hygiene</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7" title="睡眠惯性">睡眠惯性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="睡眠医学（页面不存在）">睡眠医学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_medicine" class="extiw" title="en:Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%BC%E7%8F%AD%E6%97%B6%E7%9D%A1%E8%A7%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="值班时睡觉（页面不存在）">值班时睡觉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_while_on_duty" class="extiw" title="en:Sleeping while on duty">Sleeping while on duty</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%A1%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="睡衣派對">彻夜狂欢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%BC%BE" title="鼻鼾">鼻鼾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E9%94%A5%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85" title="非洲人类锥虫病">非洲人类锥虫病</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E7%9D%A1" title="裸睡">裸睡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:lemonchiffon;font-size:80%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">1 非睡眠失調</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;padding:0px;"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef; font-size:90%;;;text-align:center;background:LemonChiffon;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA" title="Template:医学导航">医学导航</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="心理学">心理学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6" title="精神病学">精神病学</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef; font-size:90%;;;text-align:center;background:white;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Mental_processes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Mental processes（页面不存在）">心理历程</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef; font-size:90%;;;text-align:center;background:silver;;width:10em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Template:ICD-10-F" title="Template:ICD-10-F">障碍</a>（<a href="/wiki/Template:Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_disorder" title="Template:Obsessive–compulsive disorder">o</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Pervasive_developmental_disorders" title="Template:Pervasive developmental disorders">p</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Mood_disorders" title="Template:Mood disorders">m</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Psychoactive_substance_use&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Psychoactive substance use（页面不存在）">p</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder" title="Template:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder">a</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dyslexia_and_specific_developmental_disorders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Dyslexia and specific developmental disorders（页面不存在）">d</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="Template:睡眠">s</a>） <a href="/wiki/Template:Cognition,_perception,_emotional_state_and_behaviour_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs">症状</a>／<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system（页面不存在）">齐名</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:Symptoms_involving_head_and_neck" title="Template:Symptoms involving head and neck">涉及</a> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;background:#efefef; font-size:90%;;;text-align:center;background:#ccf;;width:10em;"><div> 操作（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Psychologic_and_psychiatric_evaluation_and_testing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Psychologic and psychiatric evaluation and testing（页面不存在）">评估</a>／<a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" title="Template:心理治疗">治疗</a>） 药物（<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%97%85%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="Template:抗精神病药物">N5A</a>/<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗焦虑药">5B</a>/<a href="/wiki/Template:Hypnotics_and_sedatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Hypnotics and sedatives">5C</a>/<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E6%8A%91%E9%83%81%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗抑郁药">6A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Antihyperkinetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Antihyperkinetics（页面不存在）">6B</a>/<a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-dementia_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Anti-dementia drugs">6D</a>） </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_nervous_system_navs" title="Template:Central nervous system navs"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_nervous_system_navs" title="Template talk:Central nervous system navs"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Central_nervous_system_navs" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Central nervous system navs"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中樞神經系統疾病" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞神經系統</a>疾病</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">描述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="Template:神經系統">解剖</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Meninges" title="Template:Meninges">腦膜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8" title="Template:大脑皮质">皮质</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Association_fibers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Association fibers（页面不存在）">聯絡纖維</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Association_fibers" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Association fibers">Template:Association fibers</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E8%88%87%E9%9A%94" title="Template:連合纖維與隔">連合纖維</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lateral_ventricles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lateral ventricles（页面不存在）">侧脑室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Lateral_ventricles" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Lateral ventricles">Template:Lateral ventricles</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rostral_basal_ganglia_and_associated_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Rostral basal ganglia and associated structures">基底核</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%97%B4%E8%84%91" title="Template:间脑">間腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E8%84%91" title="Template:中脑">中腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pons" title="Template:Pons">橋腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cerebellum" title="Template:Cerebellum">小腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%90%8E%E8%84%91" title="Template:后脑">髓質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spinal_cord" title="Template:Spinal cord">脊髓</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neural_tracts" title="Template:Neural tracts">管道</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:神经系统生理学">生理</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Template:神经递质系统">神经传递</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E9%80%92%E8%B4%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2%E9%85%B6%E7%B1%BB" title="Template:神经递质代谢酶类">酵素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Neurotransmitter_metabolism_intermediates" title="Template:Neurotransmitter metabolism intermediates">中間物</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Development_of_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Development of nervous system（页面不存在）">發育</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Development_of_nervous_system" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Development of nervous system">Template:Development of nervous system</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">疾病</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cerebral_palsy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cerebral palsy（页面不存在）">腦性癱瘓</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cerebral_palsy" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Cerebral palsy">Template:Cerebral palsy</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Diseases_of_meninges" title="Template:Diseases of meninges">腦膜炎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Demyelinating_diseases_of_CNS" title="Template:Demyelinating diseases of CNS">脫髓鞘疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%99%B2%E7%99%87%E7%99%BC%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E7%99%B2%E7%99%87" title="Template:癲癇發作和癲癇">癲癇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B" title="Template:頭痛">頭痛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Cerebrovascular_diseases" title="Template:Cerebrovascular diseases">中風</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" title="Template:睡眠">睡眠</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system（页面不存在）">先天性</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_nervous_system" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system">Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Neurotrauma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Neurotrauma（页面不存在）">損傷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Neurotrauma" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Neurotrauma">Template:Neurotrauma</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nervous_system_tumors" title="Template:Nervous system tumors">腫瘤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="Template:中枢神经系统疾病">其他</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cerebral_palsy_and_other_paralytic_syndromes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes（页面不存在）">癱瘓疾病</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cerebral_palsy_and_other_paralytic_syndromes" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes">Template:Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%82%8C%E8%90%8E%E7%B8%AE%E5%81%B4%E7%B4%A2%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96" title="Template:肌萎縮側索硬化">ALS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nervous_and_musculoskeletal_system_symptoms_and_signs" title="Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs">症狀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Symptoms_involving_head_and_neck" title="Template:Symptoms involving head and neck">頭頸部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_nervous_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system（页面不存在）">齊名</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eponymous_medical_signs_for_nervous_system" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system">Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lesions_of_spinal_cord_and_brain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lesions of spinal cord and brain（页面不存在）">病灶</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Lesions_of_spinal_cord_and_brain" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Lesions of spinal cord and brain">Template:Lesions of spinal cord and brain</a>）</li></ul></li> <li>測試 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:CSF_tests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CSF tests（页面不存在）">CSF</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:CSF_tests" class="extiw" title="en:Template:CSF tests">Template:CSF tests</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">治療</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Neuro_procedures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Neuro procedures（页面不存在）">程序</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Neuro_procedures" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Neuro procedures">Template:Neuro procedures</a>）</li> <li>藥物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%A8%E8%BA%AB%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:全身麻醉药">全身麻醉药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%95%87%E7%97%9B%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:镇痛药">镇痛药</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E6%88%90%E7%98%BE%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗成瘾药">抗成癮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E7%99%AB%E7%97%AB%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗癫痫药">抗癲癇藥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Cholinergics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Cholinergics（页面不存在）">膽鹼類</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cholinergics" class="extiw" title="en:Template:Cholinergics">Template:Cholinergics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E5%81%8F%E5%A4%B4%E7%97%9B%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗偏头痛药">抗偏头痛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E5%B8%95%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%E7%97%85" title="Template:抗帕金森病">抗帕金森氏症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%97%E7%9C%A9%E6%99%95%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:抗眩晕药">抗暈眩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%83%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%94%A8%E8%8D%AF" title="Template:其它神经系统用药">其他</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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