CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gamut - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"63a42b03-9327-4d77-a0e0-93e7812d657a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gamut","wgTitle":"Gamut","wgCurRevisionId":1279773624,"wgRevisionId":1279773624,"wgArticleId":429191,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2022","Use American English from August 2019","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Articles containing German-language text","Articles needing additional references from April 2007","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009","Color space","Color"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gamut","wgRelevantArticleId":429191,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q375857","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1326"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="884"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="707"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gamut - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gamut rootpage-Gamut skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gamut" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gamut" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gamut" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gamut" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Introduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Introduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Color_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Color management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorimetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorimetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Colorimetry</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colorimetry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Colorimetry subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colorimetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visible_gamut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visible_gamut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Visible gamut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visible_gamut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Color reproduction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Color_reproduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Color reproduction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Color_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Visualization_of_gamuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visualization_of_gamuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Visualization of gamuts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visualization_of_gamuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations_of_color_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations_of_color_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Limitations of color representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitations_of_color_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surfaces_(optimal_colors)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surfaces_(optimal_colors)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Surfaces (optimal colors)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surfaces_(optimal_colors)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maximum_chroma_colors,_semichromes,_or_full_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maximum_chroma_colors,_semichromes,_or_full_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Maximum chroma colors, semichromes, or full colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maximum_chroma_colors,_semichromes,_or_full_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_idea_of_optimal_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_idea_of_optimal_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2</span> <span>History of the idea of optimal colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_idea_of_optimal_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Light sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substractive_color_mixing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substractive_color_mixing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Substractive color mixing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substractive_color_mixing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_of_various_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_of_various_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Comparison of various systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_of_various_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wide_color_gamut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wide_color_gamut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Wide color gamut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wide_color_gamut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extended-gamut_printing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extended-gamut_printing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Extended-gamut printing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extended-gamut_printing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamut</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلسلة لونية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلسلة لونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_de_color" title="Gamma de color – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gamma de color" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_de_color" title="Gama de color – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gama de color" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="گاموت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاموت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%89%EC%97%AD" title="색역 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="색역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut_(warna)" title="Gamut (warna) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gamut (warna)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%9F%9F" title="色域 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="色域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gama_de_cores" title="Gama de cores – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gama de cores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цветовая палитра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цветовая палитра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamut" title="Gamut – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gamut" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvni_obseg" title="Barvni obseg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Barvni obseg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4riskaala" title="Väriskaala – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väriskaala" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A4rgomf%C3%A5ng" title="Färgomfång – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Färgomfång" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5" title="ช่วงสี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ช่วงสี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Колірна гама – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колірна гама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%9F%9F" title="色域 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色域" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375857#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamut" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gamut" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamut"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamut"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gamut" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gamut" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&oldid=1279773624" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gamut&id=1279773624&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamut"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGamut"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gamut&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gamuts" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q375857" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Color reproduction capability</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/L._T._F._Gamut" title="L. T. F. Gamut">L.T.F. Gamut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">Gamete</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Gauntlet_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gauntlet (disambiguation)">Gauntlet</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gamut" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gamut">gamut</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png/240px-CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png/360px-CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png/480px-CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><b>Typical <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT) gamut</b><br /> The grayed-out horseshoe shape is the entire range of possible <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">chromaticities</a>, displayed in the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram">CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram</a> format (see below). The colored triangle is the gamut available to the <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> color space typically used in computer monitors; it does not cover the entire space. The corners of the triangle are the <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary colors</a> for this gamut; in the case of a CRT, they depend on the colors of the phosphors of the monitor. At each point, the brightest possible RGB color of that chromaticity is shown, resulting in the bright <a href="/wiki/Mach_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Mach band">Mach band</a> stripes corresponding to the edges of the <a href="/wiki/RGB_color_cube" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB color cube">RGB color cube</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">color reproduction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">colorimetry</a>, a <b>gamut</b>, or <b>color gamut</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>, is a <a href="/wiki/Convex_set" title="Convex set">convex set</a> containing the <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">colors</a> that can be accurately represented, i.e. reproduced by an <a href="/wiki/Output_device" title="Output device">output device</a> (e.g. printer or display) or measured by an <a href="/wiki/Input_device" title="Input device">input device</a> (e.g. camera or <a href="/wiki/Visual_system" title="Visual system">visual system</a>). Devices with a larger gamut can represent more colors. Similarly, gamut may also refer to the colors within a defined <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a>, which is not linked to a specific device. A trichromatic gamut is often visualized as a <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangle</a>. A less common usage defines gamut as the subset of colors contained within an image, scene or video. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>gamut</i> was adopted from the field of music, where the medieval Latin expression "gamma ut" meant the lowest tone of the G scale and, in time, came to imply the entire range of musical notes of which musical melodies are composed. <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s use of the term in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew" title="The Taming of the Shrew">The Taming of the Shrew</a></i> is sometimes attributed to the author / musician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morley" title="Thomas Morley">Thomas Morley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1850s, the term was applied to a range of colors or hue, for example by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Quincey">Thomas de Quincey</a>, who wrote "<a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a>, I have heard, runs through as large a gamut of hues as marble."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gamut of a device or process is that portion of the <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> that can be represented, or reproduced. Generally, the color gamut is specified in the <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>–<a href="/wiki/Colorfulness#Saturation" title="Colorfulness">saturation</a> <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_plane" title="Euclidean plane">plane</a>, as a system can usually produce colors over a wide <a href="/wiki/Intensity_(physics)" title="Intensity (physics)">intensity</a> range within its color gamut. Device gamuts must use <a href="/wiki/Primary_color#Real_primaries" title="Primary color">real primaries</a> (those that can be represented by a physical <a href="/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">spectral power distribution</a>) and therefore are always <i>incomplete</i> (smaller than the human visible gamut). No gamut defined by a finite number of <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primaries</a> can represent the entire human visible gamut. Three primaries are necessary for representing an approximation of the human visible gamut. More primaries can be used to increase the size of the gamut. For example, while painting with <a href="/wiki/RYB_color_model" title="RYB color model">red, yellow and blue pigments</a> is sufficient for modeling color vision, adding further pigments (e.g. orange or green) can increase the size of the gamut, allowing the reproduction of more saturated colors. </p><p>While processing a digital image, the most convenient color model used is the RGB model. Printing the image requires transforming the image from the original RGB color model to the printer's <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a>. During this process, the colors from the RGB model which are out of gamut must be somehow converted to approximate values within the CMYK model. Simply trimming only the colors which are out of gamut to the closest colors in the destination space would <a href="/wiki/Burned_(image)" title="Burned (image)">burn</a> the image. There are several algorithms approximating this transformation, but none of them can be truly perfect, since those colors are simply out of the target device's capabilities. This is why identifying the colors in an image that are out of gamut in the target color space as soon as possible during processing is critical for the quality of the final product. It is also important to remember that there are colors inside the CMYK gamut that are outside the most commonly used RGB color spaces, such as <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe RGB">Adobe RGB</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color_management">Color management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Color management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></div> <p>Color management is the process of ensuring consistent and accurate colors across devices with different gamuts. Color management handles the transformations between color gamuts and canonical color spaces to ensure that colors are represented equally on different devices. A device's gamut is defined by a color profile, usually the <a href="/wiki/ICC_profile" title="ICC profile">ICC profile</a>, which relates the gamut to a standardized <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a> and allows for calibration of the device. Transforming from one gamut to a smaller gamut loses information as <i>out-of-gamut</i> colors are projected on to the smaller gamut and transforming back to the larger gamut does not regain this lost information. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colorimetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">colorimetry</a></div> <p>Colorimetry is the measurement of color, generally in a way that mimics human <a href="/wiki/Color_perception" class="mw-redirect" title="Color perception">color perception</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Input devices such as digital cameras or scanners are made to mimic trichromatic human color perception and are based on three sensors elements with different spectral sensitivities, ideally aligned approximately with the <a href="/wiki/Spectral_sensitivity" title="Spectral sensitivity">spectral sensitivities</a> of human <a href="/wiki/Photopsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Photopsin">photopsins</a>. In this sense, they have a similar gamut to the human visual system. However, most of these devices violate the Luther condition and are not intended to be truly colorimetric, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Tristimulus_colorimeter" title="Tristimulus colorimeter">tristimulus colorimeters</a>. Higher-dimension input devices, such as <a href="/wiki/Multispectral_imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Multispectral imager">multispectral imagers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperspectral_imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperspectral imager">hyperspectral imagers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometers</a>, capture color at a much larger gamut, dimensionally, than the human visible gamut. To be perceived by humans, the images must first be down-dimensionalized and treated with <a href="/wiki/False_color" title="False color">false color</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visible_gamut">Visible gamut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Visible gamut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">color vision</a></div> <p>The extent of color that can be detected by the average human, approximated by the <a href="/wiki/Standard_observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard observer">standard observer</a>, is the <i>visible (or visual) gamut</i>. The chromaticities present in the visible gamut are usually visualized in the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram">CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Spectral_locus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral locus">spectral locus</a> (curved edge) represents the <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_radiation" title="Monochromatic radiation">monochromatic</a> (single-wavelength) or <a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">spectral colors</a>. As current displays have a smaller gamut than the visible gamut, the colors that are out-of-gamut are reproduced as colors inside the display's gamut. Device gamuts are generally depicted in reference to the visible gamut. The standard observer represents a typical human, but colorblindness leads to a reduced visible gamut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Color_reproduction">Color reproduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Color reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">Color reproduction</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visualization_of_gamuts">Visualization of gamuts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Visualization of gamuts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/220px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/330px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png/440px-Cie_Chart_with_sRGB_gamut_by_spigget.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="972" /></a><figcaption>The CIE 1931 color space chromaticity diagram comparing the visible gamut with <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a>'s and color temperature</figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Gamuts are commonly represented as areas within the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram">CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram</a>. This ignores the intensity/brightness dimension of the gamut, which is not depicted. Gamuts defined by three primaries are visualized as <a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">color triangles</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/150px-seek%3D0-SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" height="150" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIExyY_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The sRGB gamut projected into the <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_xyY_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE xyY color space</a>. <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> are the horizontal axes and represent chromaticity. <i>Y</i> is the vertical axis and represents (linear) <a href="/wiki/Relative_luminance" title="Relative luminance">luminance</a>.</div></div></div></div> </td> <td>Gamuts may also be represented in 3D space as a <a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">color solid</a>, which includes a visualization of the <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range" title="Dynamic range">dynamic range</a> of the device. </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:264px;max-width:264px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/128px--SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="128" height="128" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="144" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm/SRGB_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> gamut in <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931" class="mw-redirect" title="CIE 1931">CIE 1931 XYZ</a> color space</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/128px--Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="128" height="128" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIEXYZ_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Color_solid#Optimal_color_solid" title="Color solid">Optimal color solid</a> in CIE 1931 XYZ color space, with <a href="/wiki/D65_white_point" class="mw-redirect" title="D65 white point">D65 white point</a></div></div></div></div></div> </td> <td>The pictures show the gamuts of the sRGB color space (left), which is approximately the one that most <a href="/wiki/Computer_monitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer monitors">computer monitors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_set" title="Television set">TVs</a> have; and the theoretical gamut of surfaces (<a href="/wiki/Color_solid#Optimal_color_solid" title="Color solid">optimal color solid, or Rösch-MacAdam color solid</a>) (under <a href="/wiki/D65_white_point" class="mw-redirect" title="D65 white point">D65 illumination</a>) (right). <p>The left diagram shows that the shape of the RGB gamut is a triangle between red, green, and blue at lower luminosities; a triangle between cyan, magenta, and yellow at higher luminosities, and a single white point at maximum luminosity. The exact positions of the apexes depends on the emission spectra of the <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">phosphors</a> in the display, and on the ratio between the maximum luminosities of the three phosphors (i.e., the color balance or <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a>). </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limitations_of_color_representation">Limitations of color representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Limitations of color representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Surfaces_(optimal_colors)"><span id="Surfaces_.28optimal_colors.29"></span>Surfaces (optimal colors)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Surfaces (optimal colors)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Optimal colors are the most chromatic colors that surfaces can have*. The <a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">color solid</a> bounded by the set of all optimal colors is called the optimal color solid or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_R%C3%B6sch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegfried Rösch (page does not exist)">Rösch</a>–<a href="/wiki/David_MacAdam" title="David MacAdam">MacAdam</a> color solid.<sup id="cite_ref-new_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For now, we are unable to produce objects with such colors, at least not without recurring to more complex physical phenomena. </p><p><i>*(with classical reflection. Phenomena like fluorescence or structural color may produce objects whose color lies outside the optimal color solid)</i> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Reflectance" title="Reflectance">reflectance spectrum</a> of a color is the amount of light of each wavelength that it reflects, in proportion to a given maximum, which has the value of 1 (100%). If the reflectance spectrum of a color is 0 (0%) or 1 (100%) across the entire visible spectrum, and it has no more than two transitions between 0 and 1, or 1 and 0, then it is an optimal color. With the current state of technology, we are unable to produce any material or pigment with these properties.<sup id="cite_ref-sch_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus four types of "optimal color" spectra are possible: </p> <ul><li>The transition goes from zero at both ends of the spectrum to one in the middle, as shown in the image at right.</li> <li>It goes from one at the ends to zero in the middle.</li> <li>It goes from 1 at the start of the visible spectrum to 0 in some point in the middle until its end.</li> <li>It goes from 0 at the start of the visible spectrum to 1 at some point in the middle until its end.</li></ul> <p>The first type produces colors that are similar to the <a href="/wiki/Spectral_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral colors">spectral colors</a> and follow roughly the horseshoe-shaped portion of the <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity_diagram#The_CIE_xy_chromaticity_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromaticity diagram">CIE xy chromaticity diagram</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Spectral_locus" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectral locus">spectral locus</a>), but are, in surfaces, more <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">chromatic</a>, although less <a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">spectrally</a> pure. The second type produces colors that are similar to (but, in surfaces, more chromatic and less spectrally pure than) the colors on the straight line in the CIE xy chromaticity diagram (the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_purples" title="Line of purples">line of purples</a>), leading to <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> or purple-like colors. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg/268px-Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="268" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg/402px-Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg/536px-Rechteckspektrum_sRGB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Reflectance spectrum of a color-optimal reflective material. There is no known material with these properties, they are, for what we know, only theoretical.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In optimal color solids, the colors of the visible spectrum are theoretically black, because their reflectance spectrum is 1 (100%) in only one wavelength, and 0 in all of the other infinite visible wavelengths that there are, meaning that they have a lightness of 0 with respect to white, and will also have 0 chroma, but, of course, 100% of spectral purity. In short: In optimal color solids, spectral colors are equivalent to black (0 lightness, 0 chroma), but have full spectral purity (they are located in the horseshoe-shaped spectral locus of the chromaticiy diagram).<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In linear color spaces that contain all colors visible by humans, such as <a href="/wiki/LMS_color_space" title="LMS color space">LMS</a> or <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE 1931 XYZ</a>, the set of <a href="/wiki/Half-line_(geometry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-line (geometry)">half-lines</a> that start at the origin (black, (0, 0, 0)) and pass through all the points that represent the colors of the visible spectrum, and the portion of a plane that passes through the violet half-line and the red half-line (both ends of the visible spectrum), generate the "spectrum cone". The black point (coordinates (0, 0, 0)) of the optimal color solid (and only the black point) is tangent to the "spectrum cone", and the white point ((1, 1, 1)) (only the white point) is tangent to the "inverted spectrum cone", with the "inverted spectrum cone" being <a href="/wiki/Symmetry" title="Symmetry">symmetrical</a> to the "spectrum cone" with respect to the middle gray point ((0.5, 0.5, 0.5)). This means that, in linear color spaces, the optimal color solid is centrally symmetric.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most color spaces, the surface of the optimal color solid is smooth, except for two points (black and white); and two sharp edges: the "<a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">warm</a>" edge, which goes from black, to red, to orange, to yellow, to white; and the "cold" edge, which goes from black, to blue, to <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a>, to white. This is due to the following: If the portion of the reflectance spectrum of a color is spectral red (which is located at one end of the spectrum), it will be seen as black. If the size of the portion of total or reflectance is increased, now covering from the red end of the spectrum to the yellow wavelengths, it will be seen as red. If the portion is expanded even more, covering the green wavelengths, it will be seen as orange or yellow. If it is expanded even more, it will cover more wavelengths than the yellow <a href="/wiki/Color_solid#Maximum_chroma_colors,_semichromes,_or_full_colors" title="Color solid">semichrome</a> does, approaching white, until it is reached when the full spectrum is reflected. The described process is called "cumulation". Cumulation can be started at either end of the visible spectrum (we just described cumulation starting from the red end of the spectrum, generating the "warm" sharp edge), cumulation starting at the violet end of the spectrum will generate the "cold" sharp edge.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/200px--Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="200" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="512" data-height="512" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="240" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm/Visible_gamut_within_CIELUV_color_space_D65_whitepoint_mesh.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="360" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Optimal color solid plotted within the <a href="/wiki/CIELUV_color_space" class="mw-redirect" title="CIELUV color space">CIE L* u* v* color space</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Illuminant_D65" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminant D65">D65</a> <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a>. Because it is (approximately) <a href="/wiki/Perceptually_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptually uniform">perceptually uniform</a>, it has an irregular, not spherical shape. Notice that it has two sharp edges, one with warm colors, and the other one with cold colors.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Maximum_chroma_colors,_semichromes,_or_full_colors"><span id="Maximum_chroma_colors.2C_semichromes.2C_or_full_colors"></span>Maximum chroma colors, semichromes, or full colors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Maximum chroma colors, semichromes, or full colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each hue has a maximum chroma point, semichrome, or full color; objects cannot have a color of that hue with a higher chroma. They are the most chromatic, vibrant colors that objects can have. They were called <b>semichromes</b> or <b>full colors</b> by the German chemist and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ost_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ost-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If B is the complementary wavelength of wavelength A, then the straight line that connects A and B passes through the achromatic axis in a linear color space, such as LMS or CIE 1931 XYZ. If the reflectance spectrum of a color is 1 (100%) for all the wavelengths between A and B, and 0 for all the wavelengths of the other <a href="/wiki/Half" class="mw-redirect" title="Half">half</a> of the color space, then that color is a maximum chroma color, semichrome, or full color (this is the explanation to why they were called <b>semi</b>chromes). Thus, maximum chroma colors are a type of optimal color.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ost_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ost-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As explained, full colors are far from being monochromatic. If the spectral purity of a maximum chroma color is increased, its <a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">chroma</a> decreases, because it will approach the visible spectrum, ergo, it will approach black.<sup id="cite_ref-thi_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In perceptually uniform color spaces, the lightness of the full colors varies from around 30% in the violetish blue hues, to around 90% in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellowish</a> hues. The chroma of each maximum chroma point also varies depending on the hue; in optimal color solids plotted in perceptually uniform color spaces, semichromes like red, green, blue, violet, and <a href="/wiki/Magenta" title="Magenta">magenta</a> have a high chroma, while semichromes like yellow, orange, and <a href="/wiki/Cyan" title="Cyan">cyan</a> have a slightly lower chroma. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png/200px-Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png/300px-Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png/400px-Munsell_5_PB_5Y.png 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Slice of the Munsell color space in the hues of 5PB and 5Y. The point farthest from the achromatic axis in each of these two hue slices is the maximum chroma color, semichrome, or full color of that hue</figcaption></figure> <p>In <b>color spheres</b> and the <a href="/wiki/HSL_and_HSV" title="HSL and HSV">HSL color space</a>, the maximum chroma colors are located around the equator at the periphery of the color sphere. This makes color solids with a spherical shape inherently non-<a href="/wiki/Perceptually_uniform" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptually uniform">perceptually uniform</a>, since they imply that all full colors have a <a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">lightness</a> of 50%, when, as humans perceive them, there are full colors with a lightness from around 30% to around 90%. A perceptually uniform color solid has an irregular shape.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="History_of_the_idea_of_optimal_colors">History of the idea of optimal colors</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History of the idea of optimal colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the beginning of the 20th century, industrial demands for a controllable way to describe colors and the new possibility to measure light spectra initiated intense research on mathematical descriptions of colors. </p><p>The idea of optimal colors was introduced by the Baltic German chemist <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a>. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> showed in his 1919 article <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Theorie der Pigmente von größter Leuchtkraft</i></span></i> (Theory of Pigments with Highest Luminosity)<sup id="cite_ref-sch_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sch-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the most-saturated colors that can be created with a given total reflectivity are generated by surfaces having either zero or full reflectance at any given wavelength, and the reflectivity spectrum must have at most two transitions between zero and full. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Optimal-color-solid,FL4,XYZ.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Optimal-color-solid%2CFL4%2CXYZ.gif/250px-Optimal-color-solid%2CFL4%2CXYZ.gif" decoding="async" width="185" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Optimal-color-solid%2CFL4%2CXYZ.gif/278px-Optimal-color-solid%2CFL4%2CXYZ.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Optimal-color-solid%2CFL4%2CXYZ.gif 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>MacAdam limits for illuminant <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant#Illuminant_series_F" title="Standard illuminant">CIE F4</a> in <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#CIE_xyY_color_space" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE xyY color space</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Schrödinger's work was further developed by <a href="/wiki/David_MacAdam" title="David MacAdam">David MacAdam</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siegfried_R%C3%B6sch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siegfried Rösch (page does not exist)">Siegfried Rösch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1697942#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1697942"><span title="Wikidata list: "Siegfried Rösch" articles in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-lee_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lee-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacAdam was the first person to calculate precise coordinates of selected points on the boundary of the optimal color solid in the CIE 1931 color space for lightness levels from Y = 10 to 95 in steps of 10 units. This enabled him to draw the optimal color solid at an acceptable degree of precision. Because of his achievement, the boundary of the optimal color solid is called the <i>MacAdam limit</i> (1935). </p><p>On modern computers, it is possible to calculate an optimal color solid with great precision in seconds. Usually, only the MacAdam limits (the optimal colors, the boundary of the Optimal color solid) are computed, because all the other (non-optimal) possible surface colors exist inside the boundary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Light_sources">Light sources</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Light sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Light sources used as primaries in an additive color reproduction system need to be bright, so they are generally not close to monochromatic. That is, the color gamut of most variable-color light sources can be understood as a result of difficulties producing pure <a href="/wiki/Monochromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic">monochromatic</a> (single <a href="/wiki/Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelength</a>) light. The best technological source of monochromatic light is the <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>, which can be rather expensive and impractical for many systems. However, as <a href="/wiki/Optoelectronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Optoelectronic">optoelectronic</a> technology matures, single-longitudinal-mode diode lasers are becoming less expensive, and many applications can already profit from this; such as <a href="/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy" title="Raman spectroscopy">Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">holography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">biomedical research</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">fluorescence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reprography" title="Reprography">reprographics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interferometry" title="Interferometry">interferometry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">semiconductor</a> inspection, remote detection, <a href="/wiki/Optical_storage" title="Optical storage">optical data storage</a>, image recording, <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectral analysis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a>, point-to-point free-space communications, and <a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">fiber optic communications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Systems that use additive color processes usually have a color gamut which is roughly a <a href="/wiki/Convex_polygon" title="Convex polygon">convex polygon</a> (or a slightly concave shape) in a <a href="/wiki/Color_difference" title="Color difference">perceptually uniform</a> <a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">hue</a>-<a href="/wiki/Colorfulness#Chroma" title="Colorfulness">chroma</a> plane (not to be confused with the chromaticity diagram). The vertices of the polygon are the most chromatic colors that the system can produce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Substractive_color_mixing">Substractive color mixing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Substractive color mixing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In subtractive color systems, the color gamut is more often an irregular, rounded region. </p><p>The gamut of a CMYK color space is, ideally, the same as that for an RGB one. In practice, due to the way raster-printed colors interact with each other and the paper and due to their non-ideal absorption spectra, the gamut has rounded corners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_of_various_systems">Comparison of various systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Comparison of various systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gamut" title="Special:EditPage/Gamut">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/220px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/330px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg/440px-CIE1931xy_gamut_comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of some RGB and CMYK color gamut on a CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram</figcaption></figure><p>Following is a list of representative color systems more-or-less ordered from large to small color gamut: </p><ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Laser_video_projector" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser video projector">laser video projector</a> uses three lasers to produce the broadest gamut available in practical display equipment today, derived from the fact that lasers produce truly monochromatic primaries. The systems work either by scanning the entire picture a dot at a time and modulating the laser directly at high frequency, much like the electron beams in a <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tube</a> (CRT), or by optically spreading and then modulating the laser and scanning a line at a time, the line itself being modulated in much the same way as in a <a href="/wiki/Digital_Light_Processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Light Processing">DLP</a> projector. Lasers can also be used as a light source for a DLP projector. More than three lasers can be combined to increase the gamut range, a technique sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">holography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Light_Processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Light Processing">Digital Light Processing</a> or DLP technology is a trademarked technology from Texas Instruments. The DLP chip contains a rectangular array of up to 2 million hinge-mounted microscopic mirrors. Each of the micromirrors measures less than one-fifth the width of a human hair. A DLP chip's micromirror tilts either toward the light source in a DLP projection system (ON) or away from it (OFF). This creates a light or dark pixel on the projection surface.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current DLP projectors use a quickly rotating wheel with transparent colored "pie slices" to present each color frame successively. One rotation shows the complete image.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Photographic film</a> can reproduce a larger color gamut than typical television, computer, or <a href="/wiki/Home_video" title="Home video">home video</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>CRT and similar video displays have a roughly triangular color gamut which covers a significant portion of the visible color space. In CRTs, the limitations are due to the phosphors in the screen which produce red, green, and blue light.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal display">Liquid crystal display</a> (LCD) screens filter the light emitted by a <a href="/wiki/Backlight" title="Backlight">backlight</a>. The gamut of an LCD screen is therefore limited to the emitted spectrum of the backlight. Typical LCD screens use cold-cathode fluorescent bulbs (<a href="/wiki/CCFL" class="mw-redirect" title="CCFL">CCFLs</a>) for backlights. LCD Screens with certain <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diode" title="Light-emitting diode">LED</a> or wide-gamut CCFL backlights yield a more comprehensive gamut than CRTs. However, some LCD technologies vary the color presented by viewing angle. <a href="/wiki/In_Plane_Switching" class="mw-redirect" title="In Plane Switching">In Plane Switching</a> or <a href="/wiki/Patterned_vertical_alignment" class="mw-redirect" title="Patterned vertical alignment">Patterned vertical alignment</a> screens have a wider span of colors than <a href="/wiki/Twisted_nematic_field_effect" title="Twisted nematic field effect">Twisted Nematic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> normally uses a CRT, LCD, LED or <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma display</a>, but does not take full advantage of its color display properties, due to the limitations of <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a>. The common color profile for TV is based on ITU standard <a href="/wiki/Rec._601" title="Rec. 601">Rec. 601</a>. <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a> is less restrictive and uses a slightly improved color profile based on ITU standard <a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a>. Still somewhat less than, for example, computer displays using the same display technology. This is due to the use of a limited subset of RGB in broadcasting (values from 16-235), versus full RGB in computer displays, where all bits from 0 to 255 are used.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paint</a> mixing, both artistic and for commercial applications, achieves a reasonably large color gamut by starting with a larger palette than the red, green, and blue of CRTs or cyan, magenta, and yellow of printing. Paint may reproduce some highly saturated colors that cannot be reproduced well by CRTs (particularly violet), but overall the color gamut is smaller.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> typically uses the <a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a> color space (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Very few printing processes do not include black; however, those processes (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Dye-sublimation_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dye-sublimation printer">dye-sublimation printers</a>) are poor at representing low saturation, low intensity colors. Efforts have been made to expand the gamut of the printing process by adding inks of non-primary colors; these are typically orange and green (see <a href="/wiki/Hexachrome" title="Hexachrome">Hexachrome</a>) or light cyan and light magenta (see <a href="/wiki/CcMmYK_color_model" title="CcMmYK color model">CcMmYK color model</a>). <a href="/wiki/Spot_color" title="Spot color">Spot color</a> inks of a very specific color are also sometimes used.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> display's color gamut is a one-dimensional curve in color space.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wide_color_gamut">Wide color gamut</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Wide color gamut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Forum" title="Ultra HD Forum">Ultra HD Forum</a> defines a wide color gamut (WCG) as a color gamut wider than that of BT.709 (<a href="/wiki/Rec._709" title="Rec. 709">Rec. 709</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color spaces</a> with WCGs include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a> – ITU-R Recommendation for <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">UHDTV</a><sup id="cite_ref-:2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec._2100" title="Rec. 2100">Rec. 2100</a> – ITU-R Recommendation for <a href="/wiki/High-dynamic-range_television" title="High-dynamic-range television">HDR</a>-TV (same <a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">chromaticity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">color primaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_point" title="White point">white point</a> as <a href="/wiki/Rec._2020" title="Rec. 2020">Rec. 2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCI-P3" title="DCI-P3">DCI-P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RGB_color_space" title="Adobe RGB color space">Adobe RGB color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DxO_Labs" title="DxO Labs">DxO</a> Wide Gamut</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extended-gamut_printing">Extended-gamut printing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Extended-gamut printing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spectral_printing" title="Spectral printing">Spectral printing</a></div> <p>The print gamut achieved by using <a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks</a> is sometimes a limitation, for example when printing colors of corporate logos. Therefore, some methods of color printing use additional ink colors to achieve a larger gamut. For example, some use green, orange, and violet inks to increase the achievable saturation of hues near those. These method are variously called heptatone color printing, extended gamut printing, and 7-color printing, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-hepta_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hepta-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLong1950" class="citation journal cs1">Long, John H. (1950). "Shakespeare and Thomas Morley". <i>Modern Language Notes</i>. <b>65</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">17–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2909321">10.2307/2909321</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2909321">2909321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Language+Notes&rft.atitle=Shakespeare+and+Thomas+Morley&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2909321&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2909321%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Quincey1854" class="citation book cs1">de Quincey, Thomas (1854). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dequinceysworks06quingoog"><i>De Quincey's works</i></a>. James R. Osgood. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dequinceysworks06quingoog/page/n46">36</a>. <q>gamut-of-hues 0-1856.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Quincey%27s+works&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=James+R.+Osgood&rft.date=1854&rft.aulast=de+Quincey&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdequinceysworks06quingoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOhno2000" class="citation conference cs1">Ohno, Yoshi (16 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090515032644/http://www.physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div844/facilities/photo/Publications/OhnoNIP16-2000.pdf"><i>CIE Fundamentals for Color Measurements</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IS&T NIP16 Intl. Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies. pp. <span class="nowrap">540–</span>45. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Divisions/Div844/facilities/photo/Publications/OhnoNIP16-2000.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=CIE+Fundamentals+for+Color+Measurements&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E540-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.date=2000-10-16&rft.aulast=Ohno&rft.aufirst=Yoshi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2FDivisions%2FDiv844%2Ffacilities%2Fphoto%2FPublications%2FOhnoNIP16-2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeralesMora_EstevanViqueira_Pérezde_Fez2005" class="citation journal cs1">Perales, Esther; Mora Estevan, Teresa; Viqueira Pérez, Valentin; de Fez, Dolores; Gilabert Pérez, Eduardo José; Martínez-Verdú, Francisco M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39435417">"A new algorithm for calculating the MacAdam limits for any luminance factor, hue angle and illuminant"</a>. <i>Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Repositorio+Institucional+de+la+Universidad+de+Alicante&rft.atitle=A+new+algorithm+for+calculating+the+MacAdam+limits+for+any+luminance+factor%2C+hue+angle+and+illuminant&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Perales&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft.au=Mora+Estevan%2C+Teresa&rft.au=Viqueira+P%C3%A9rez%2C+Valentin&rft.au=de+Fez%2C+Dolores&rft.au=Gilabert+P%C3%A9rez%2C+Eduardo+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Mart%C3%ADnez-Verd%C3%BA%2C+Francisco+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F39435417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sch-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sch_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sch_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1919" class="citation journal cs1">Schrödinger, Erwin (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1424357">"Theorie der Pigmente größter Leuchtkraft"</a>. <i>Annalen der Physik</i>. <b>367</b> (15): <span class="nowrap">603–</span>622. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1920AnP...367..603S">1920AnP...367..603S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fandp.19203671504">10.1002/andp.19203671504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Theorie+der+Pigmente+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fter+Leuchtkraft&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E603-%3C%2Fspan%3E622&rft.date=1919&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fandp.19203671504&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1920AnP...367..603S&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1424357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thi_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKoenderinkvan_DoornGegenfurtner2021" class="citation journal cs1">Koenderink, Jan; van Doorn, Andrea J.; Gegenfurtner, Karl (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351231527">"RGB Colors and Ecological Optics"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Computer Science</i>. <b>3</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffcomp.2021.630370">10.3389/fcomp.2021.630370</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Computer+Science&rft.atitle=RGB+Colors+and+Ecological+Optics&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffcomp.2021.630370&rft.aulast=Koenderink&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=van+Doorn%2C+Andrea+J.&rft.au=Gegenfurtner%2C+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F351231527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ost-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ost_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ost_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiberiniRizzi2023" class="citation journal cs1">Liberini, Simone; Rizzi, Alessandro (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/col.22818">"Munsell and Ostwald colour spaces: A comparison in the field of hair colouring"</a>. <i>Color Research and Application</i>. <b>48</b>: <span class="nowrap">6–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fcol.22818">10.1002/col.22818</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2434%2F940227">2434/940227</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Color+Research+and+Application&rft.atitle=Munsell+and+Ostwald+colour+spaces%3A+A+comparison+in+the+field+of+hair+colouring&rft.volume=48&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2434%2F940227&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fcol.22818&rft.aulast=Liberini&rft.aufirst=Simone&rft.au=Rizzi%2C+Alessandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2Fcol.22818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huevaluechroma.com/081.php">"The Dimensions of Colour, lightness, value"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dimensions+of+Colour%2C+lightness%2C+value&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huevaluechroma.com%2F081.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Munsell (1912), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FdQLAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA239">p. 239</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lee-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lee_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLee2005" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Hsien-Che (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rN3kOMOPMmEC&q=Introduction%2Bto%2BColor%2BImaging%2BScience%2Boptimal%2Bcolor">"18.7: Theoretical color gamut"</a>. <i>Introduction to Color Imaging Science</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 468. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-139-44455-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-139-44455-7"><bdi>1-139-44455-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18.7%3A+Theoretical+color+gamut&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Color+Imaging+Science&rft.pages=468&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-139-44455-7&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Hsien-Che&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrN3kOMOPMmEC%26q%3DIntroduction%252Bto%252BColor%252BImaging%252BScience%252Boptimal%252Bcolor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crystalaser.com/laser/single-frequency-laser.html">"Single Frequency Laser – Single Longitudinal Mode Laser"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Single+Frequency+Laser+%E2%80%93+Single+Longitudinal+Mode+Laser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crystalaser.com%2Flaser%2Fsingle-frequency-laser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325225616/http://www.jdsu.com/en-us/Lasers/Products/A-Z-Product-List/Pages/diode-laser-810-or-830-or-852nm-50-200mw-single-mode-54xx-series.aspx">"JDSU – Diode Laser, 810 or 830 or 852 nm, 50-200 mW, Single-Mode (54xx Series)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jdsu.com/en-us/Lasers/Products/A-Z-Product-List/Pages/diode-laser-810-or-830-or-852nm-50-200mw-single-mode-54xx-series.aspx">the original</a> on 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JDSU+%E2%80%93+Diode+Laser%2C+810+or+830+or+852+nm%2C+50-200+mW%2C+Single-Mode+%2854xx+Series%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jdsu.com%2Fen-us%2FLasers%2FProducts%2FA-Z-Product-List%2FPages%2Fdiode-laser-810-or-830-or-852nm-50-200mw-single-mode-54xx-series.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123002705/http://www.laserglow.com/S53">"Laserglow Technologies – Handheld Lasers, Alignment Lasers and Lab / OEM Lasers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laserglow.com/S53">the original</a> on 23 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laserglow+Technologies+%E2%80%93+Handheld+Lasers%2C+Alignment+Lasers+and+Lab+%2F+OEM+Lasers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laserglow.com%2FS53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiberoptics4sale.com/wordpress/laser-diode-characteristics/">"Laser Diode Characteristics"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laser+Diode+Characteristics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fiberoptics4sale.com%2Fwordpress%2Flaser-diode-characteristics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBjelkhagenMirlis2008" class="citation journal cs1">Bjelkhagen, Hans I.; Mirlis, Evangelos (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-47-4-A123">"Color holography to produce highly realistic three-dimensional images"</a>. <i>Applied Optics</i>. <b>47</b> (4): A123-33. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApOpt..47A.123B">2008ApOpt..47A.123B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FAO.47.00A123">10.1364/AO.47.00A123</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18239694">18239694</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.atitle=Color+holography+to+produce+highly+realistic+three-dimensional+images&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=A123-33&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18239694&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FAO.47.00A123&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008ApOpt..47A.123B&rft.aulast=Bjelkhagen&rft.aufirst=Hans+I.&rft.au=Mirlis%2C+Evangelos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opticsinfobase.org%2Fabstract.cfm%3FURI%3Dao-47-4-A123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dlp.com/technology/how-dlp-works/default.aspx">"DLP Technology"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DLP+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dlp.com%2Ftechnology%2Fhow-dlp-works%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917062631/http://www.gamutvision.com/docs/camera_scanner.html">"Film gamut, apples, and oranges"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamutvision.com/docs/camera_scanner.html">the original</a> on 17 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Film+gamut%2C+apples%2C+and+oranges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamutvision.com%2Fdocs%2Fcamera_scanner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVelhoFreryGomes2009" class="citation book cs1">Velho, Luiz; Frery, Alejandro C.; Gomes, Jonas (29 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OQffvaCaZlgC&pg=PA137&q=A%2Bmonochrome%2Bdisplay%2Bcolor%2Bgamut%2Bis%2Ba%2Bone-dimensional%2Bcurve%2Bin%2Bcolor%2Bspace."><i>Image Processing for Computer Graphics and Vision</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84800-193-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84800-193-0"><bdi>978-1-84800-193-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Image+Processing+for+Computer+Graphics+and+Vision&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2009-04-29&rft.isbn=978-1-84800-193-0&rft.aulast=Velho&rft.aufirst=Luiz&rft.au=Frery%2C+Alejandro+C.&rft.au=Gomes%2C+Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOQffvaCaZlgC%26pg%3DPA137%26q%3DA%252Bmonochrome%252Bdisplay%252Bcolor%252Bgamut%252Bis%252Ba%252Bone-dimensional%252Bcurve%252Bin%252Bcolor%252Bspace.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUltra_HD_Forum2020" class="citation web cs1">Ultra HD Forum (19 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/UHD-Guidelines-V2.4-Fall2020-1.pdf">"Ultra HD Forum Guidelines v2.4"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120055517/https://ultrahdforum.org/wp-content/uploads/UHD-Guidelines-V2.4-Fall2020-1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ultra+HD+Forum+Guidelines+v2.4&rft.date=2020-10-19&rft.au=Ultra+HD+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fultrahdforum.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FUHD-Guidelines-V2.4-Fall2020-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020/en">"BT.2020 : Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange"</a>. <i>www.itu.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itu.int&rft.atitle=BT.2020+%3A+Parameter+values+for+ultra-high+definition+television+systems+for+production+and+international+programme+exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Frec%2FR-REC-BT.2020%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100">"BT.2100 : Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange"</a>. <i>www.itu.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.itu.int&rft.atitle=BT.2100+%3A+Image+parameter+values+for+high+dynamic+range+television+for+use+in+production+and+international+programme+exchange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itu.int%2Frec%2FR-REC-BT.2100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hepta-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hepta_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOstromoukhov1993" class="citation book cs1">Ostromoukhov, Victor (1993). "Chromaticity gamut enhancement by heptatone multi-color printing". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c2ZTAAAAMAAJ&q=7%2Bcolor%2Bprinting"><i>Device-independent Color Imaging and Imaging Systems Integration</i></a>. Vol. 1909. SPIE. pp. 139–151). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8194-1142-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8194-1142-6"><bdi>0-8194-1142-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chromaticity+gamut+enhancement+by+heptatone+multi-color+printing&rft.btitle=Device-independent+Color+Imaging+and+Imaging+Systems+Integration&rft.pages=139-151%29&rft.pub=SPIE&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8194-1142-6&rft.aulast=Ostromoukhov&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc2ZTAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D7%252Bcolor%252Bprinting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esko.com/en/products/equinox">"Print brand colors accurately with a fixed set of inks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Print+brand+colors+accurately+with+a+fixed+set+of+inks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esko.com%2Fen%2Fproducts%2Fequinox&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamut&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/gamut" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/gamut">gamut</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brucelindbloom.com/ChromaticityGamuts.html">Using the Chromaticity Diagram for Color Gamut Evaluation</a> by Bruce Lindbloom.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470030321.html">Color Gamut Mapping</a> book by Jan Morovic.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090511062058/http://www.imaging.org/store/epub.cfm?abstrid=507">Quantifying Color Gamut</a> by William D. Kappele</li> <li>Stanford University CS 178 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs178/applets/gamutmapping.html">interactive Flash demo</a> explaining color gamut mapping.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvmaaniaa.com/what-is-wide-color-gamut-wcg-with-hdr/">Wide Color Gamut</a> by Ujjwal Bhardwaj.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Color_topics419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Color_topics" title="Template:Color topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Color_topics" title="Template talk:Color topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Color_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Color topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Color_topics419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">Color</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_science" title="Color science">Color science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum" title="Electromagnetic spectrum">Electromagnetic spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow" title="Rainbow">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_spectrum" title="Visible spectrum">Visible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_color" title="Spectral color">Spectral colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophore" title="Chromophore">Chromophore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Structural_coloration" title="Structural coloration">Structural coloration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">Animal coloration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_chemicals" title="Color of chemicals">Color of chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_water" title="Color of water">Water</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_power_distribution" title="Spectral power distribution">Spectral power distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorimetry" title="Colorimetry">Colorimetry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_vision" title="Color vision">Color perception</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromesthesia" title="Chromesthesia">Chromesthesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonochromatism" title="Sonochromatism">Sonochromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_blindness" title="Color blindness">Color blindness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achromatopsia" title="Achromatopsia">Achromatopsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">Dichromacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_calibration" title="Color calibration">Color calibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_constancy" title="Color constancy">Color constancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_task" title="Color task">Color task</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_code" title="Color code">Color code</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_vision_test" title="Color vision test">Color vision test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_color_vision" title="Evolution of color vision">Evolution of color vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_color" title="Impossible color">Impossible colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamerism_(color)" title="Metamerism (color)">Metamerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opponent_process" title="Opponent process">Opponent process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterimage" title="Afterimage">Afterimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_hues" title="Unique hues">Unique hues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">Tetrachromacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_dress" title="The dress">The dress</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_psychology" title="Color psychology">Color psychology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_symbolism" title="Color symbolism">Color symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_preferences" title="Color preferences">Color preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCscher_color_test" title="Lüscher color test">Lüscher color test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruithof_curve" title="Kruithof curve">Kruithof curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_colour" title="Political colour">Political color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">National colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromophobia" title="Chromophobia">Chromophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_reproduction" title="Color reproduction">Color reproduction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_cast" title="Colour cast">Color cast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-primary_color_display" title="Multi-primary color display">Multi-primary color display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattron" title="Quattron">Quattron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_model" title="Color model">Color model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additive_color" title="Additive color">additive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtractive_color" title="Subtractive color">subtractive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CMYK" class="mw-redirect" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">Color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_mapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Color mapping">Color mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RGB_color_wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/100px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/150px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/RGB_color_wheel.svg/200px-RGB_color_wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_color" title="Philosophy of color">Color<br />philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_scheme" title="Color scheme">Color scheme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_picker" title="Color picker">Color tool</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monochromatic_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="Monochromatic colors">Monochromatic colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisaille" title="Grisaille">Grisaille</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementary_colors" title="Complementary colors">Complementary colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogous_colors" title="Analogous colors">Analogous colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Achromatic colors (Neutral)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychromatic colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light-on-dark_color_scheme" title="Light-on-dark color scheme">Light-on-dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_(heraldry)" title="Tincture (heraldry)">Tinctures in heraldry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_theory" title="Color theory">Color theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_mixing" title="Color mixing">Color mixing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">Primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_color" title="Secondary color">Secondary color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromaticity" title="Chromaticity">Chromaticity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_solid" title="Color solid">Color solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_wheel" title="Color wheel">Color wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_triangle" title="Color triangle">Color triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_analysis" title="Color analysis">Color analysis</a> (fashion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_realism_(art_style)" title="Color realism (art style)">Color realism (art style)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Vision_and_Colours" title="On Vision and Colours">On Vision and Colours</a></i> (Schopenhauer)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Colours" title="Theory of Colours">Theory of Colours</a></i> (Goethe)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term" title="Color term">Color terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_term#Basic_color_terms" title="Color term">Basic terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink" title="Pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(colour)" title="Orange (colour)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black" title="Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey" title="Grey">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown" title="Brown">Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_in_culture" title="Category:Color in culture">Cultural differences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_relativity_and_the_color_naming_debate" title="Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate">Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue%E2%80%93green_distinction_in_language" title="Blue–green distinction in language">Blue–green distinction in language</a></li></ul></li> <li>Color history <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_dualism" title="Black-and-white dualism">Black-and-white dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_in_culture" title="Blue in culture">Blue in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture" title="Color in Chinese culture">Color in Chinese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_colors_of_Japan" title="Traditional colors of Japan">Traditional colors of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_skin_color" title="Human skin color">Human skin color</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color dimensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hue" title="Hue">Hue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dichromatism" title="Dichromatism">Dichromatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorfulness" title="Colorfulness">Colorfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastel_(color)" title="Pastel (color)">Pastel colors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminance" title="Luminance">Luminance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightness" title="Lightness">Lightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">Darkness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightness" title="Brightness">Brightness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescence" title="Fluorescence">Fluorescence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tint,_shade_and_tone" title="Tint, shade and tone">Tint, shade and tone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Color<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantone" title="Pantone">Pantone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Marketing_Group" title="Color Marketing Group">Color Marketing Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Association_of_the_United_States" title="Color Association of the United States">Color Association of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Authority" title="International Colour Authority">International Colour Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Illumination" title="International Commission on Illumination">International Commission on Illumination</a> (CIE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Color_Consortium" title="International Color Consortium">International Color Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Colour_Association" title="International Colour Association">International Colour Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Names</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_colors" title="Lists of colors">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_A%E2%80%93F" title="List of colors: A–F">List of colors: A–F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_G%E2%80%93M" title="List of colors: G–M">List of colors: G–M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors:_N%E2%80%93Z" title="List of colors: N–Z">List of colors: N–Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_(compact)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colors (compact)">List of colors (compact)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">List of colors by shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_palettes" title="List of color palettes">List of color palettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_color_spaces_and_their_uses" title="List of color spaces and their uses">List of color spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crayola_crayon_colors" title="List of Crayola crayon colors">List of Crayola crayon colors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crayola_crayons" title="History of Crayola crayons">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_chart" title="Color chart">Color chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_RAL_colors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RAL colors">List of RAL colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">List of web colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_colors_by_shade" title="List of colors by shade">Shades of:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_red" title="Shades of red">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_orange" title="Shades of orange">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_yellow" title="Shades of yellow">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_green" title="Shades of green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_cyan" title="Shades of cyan">Cyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue" title="Shades of blue">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_violet" title="Shades of violet">Violet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_purple" title="Shades of purple">Purple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_magenta" title="Shades of magenta">Magenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_pink" title="Shades of pink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_brown" title="Shades of brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_white" title="Shades of white">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_gray" title="Shades of gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shades_of_black" title="Shades of black">Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Vision</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_(vision)" title="Contrast (vision)">Contrast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Color" title="Category:Color">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_color-related_articles" title="Index of color-related articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamut&oldid=1279773624">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamut&oldid=1279773624</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Color_space" title="Category:Color space">Color space</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Color" title="Category:Color">Color</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2022">Use dmy dates from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_August_2019" title="Category:Use American English from August 2019">Use American English from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2007" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2007">Articles needing additional references from April 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2009" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 March 2025, at 14:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamut&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gamut</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>23 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-72v6r","wgBackendResponseTime":248,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.735","walltime":"0.982","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2941,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":102780,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2453,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":99179,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 799.865 1 -total"," 30.36% 242.851 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.86% 118.884 6 Template:Cite_journal"," 14.67% 117.368 5 Template:Navbox"," 13.93% 111.435 1 Template:Lang"," 13.90% 111.198 1 Template:Color_topics"," 10.65% 85.181 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.99% 47.932 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.88% 46.998 4 Template:Cite_book"," 5.30% 42.376 11 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.469","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22254466,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-xg99w","timestamp":"20250320215730","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gamut","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamut","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q375857","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q375857","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-13T05:30:08Z","dateModified":"2025-03-10T14:14:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/CIExy1931_srgb_gamut.png","headline":"color reproduction"}</script> </body> </html>