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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-原理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#原理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>原理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-原理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关原理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-原理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概要" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概要"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>概要</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概要-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容器的電容量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容器的電容量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>電容器的電容量</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電容器的電容量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-儲能（儲存能量）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儲能（儲存能量）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>儲能（儲存能量）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儲能（儲存能量）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電路模型及计算" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電路模型及计算"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>電路模型及计算</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-電路模型及计算-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关電路模型及计算子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-電路模型及计算-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-電路與直流源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電路與直流源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>電路與直流源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電路與直流源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電路及交流源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電路及交流源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>電路及交流源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電路及交流源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-阻抗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阻抗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>阻抗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阻抗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拉普拉斯变换（S域）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉普拉斯变换（S域）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>拉普拉斯变换（S域）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉普拉斯变换（S域）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容器與位移電流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容器與位移電流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>電容器與位移電流</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電容器與位移電流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容網路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容網路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>電容網路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電容網路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-串聯或並聯配置" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#串聯或並聯配置"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>串聯或並聯配置</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-串聯或並聯配置-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容器/電感器的二元性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容器/電感器的二元性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>電容器/電感器的二元性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電容器/電感器的二元性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非理想的特性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非理想的特性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>非理想的特性</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-非理想的特性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关非理想的特性子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-非理想的特性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-崩潰電壓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#崩潰電壓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>崩潰電壓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-崩潰電壓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-等效電路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#等效電路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>等效電路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-等效電路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Q因子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Q因子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Q因子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Q因子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漣波電流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漣波電流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>漣波電流</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漣波電流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容量穩定性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容量穩定性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>電容量穩定性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電容量穩定性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電流反向及電壓反向" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電流反向及電壓反向"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>電流反向及電壓反向</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電流反向及電壓反向-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-介電質吸收" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#介電質吸收"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>介電質吸收</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-介電質吸收-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-漏電流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漏電流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>漏電流</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漏電流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-長久未使用後的失效" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#長久未使用後的失效"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>長久未使用後的失效</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-長久未使用後的失效-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容器種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容器種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>電容器種類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-電容器種類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关電容器種類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-電容器種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-介電質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#介電質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>介電質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-介電質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-型式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#型式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>型式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-型式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关應用子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-能量儲存" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能量儲存"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>能量儲存</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能量儲存-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-功率因数更正（改善）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功率因数更正（改善）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>功率因数更正（改善）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-功率因数更正（改善）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-過濾、濾波" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#過濾、濾波"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>過濾、濾波</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-過濾、濾波-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-信號耦合" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信號耦合"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>信號耦合</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信號耦合-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信號處理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信號處理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>信號處理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信號處理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-調諧電路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#調諧電路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>調諧電路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-調諧電路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>其他應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-感測器應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#感測器應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>感測器應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-感測器應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-脈衝功率及武器應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#脈衝功率及武器應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.2</span> <span>脈衝功率及武器應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-脈衝功率及武器應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電容的潛在危險及安全性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電容的潛在危險及安全性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>電容的潛在危險及安全性</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-電容的潛在危險及安全性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关電容的潛在危險及安全性子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-電容的潛在危險及安全性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-高电压电容潜在的危險" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高电压电容潜在的危險"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>高电压电容潜在的危險</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-高电压电容潜在的危險-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">电容器</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。120种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-120" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">120种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator_(Elektrotechnik)" title="Kondensator (Elektrotechnik) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kondensator (Elektrotechnik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador" title="Condensador – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Condensador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81_(%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="مكثف (كهرباء) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكثف (كهرباء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كونداساتور – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كونداساتور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AB%D9%81" title="المكثف – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المكثف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95" title="ধাৰক – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধাৰক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador_ll%C3%A9tricu" title="Condensador llétricu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Condensador llétricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator_(elektrik)" title="Kondensator (elektrik) – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kondensator (elektrik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86" title="خازن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خازن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Электр конденсаторы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Электр конденсаторы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatoa" title="Kondensatoa – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kondensatoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatuorios" title="Kondensatuorios – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kondensatuorios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандэнсатар – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кандэнсатар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кандэнсатар – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кандэнсатар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кондензатор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="धरनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="धरनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="ধারক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzator" title="Kondenzator – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kondenzator" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador" title="Condensador – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Condensador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Электрийн конденсатор – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Электрийн конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenz%C3%A1tor" title="Kondenzátor – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kondenzátor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynhwysiant_trydanol" title="Cynhwysiant trydanol – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cynhwysiant trydanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_kondensator" title="Elektrisk kondensator – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk kondensator" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator_(Elektrotechnik)" title="Kondensator (Elektrotechnik) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kondensator (Elektrotechnik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Πυκνωτής – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυκνωτής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Capacitor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensilo" title="Kondensilo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kondensilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Condensador eléctrico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condensador eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensaator" title="Kondensaator – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kondensaator" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondentsadore_elektriko" title="Kondentsadore elektriko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kondentsadore elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86" title="خازن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خازن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensaattori" title="Kondensaattori – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kondensaattori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensateur" title="Condensateur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Condensateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensaator" title="Kondensaator – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kondensaator" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilleoir_(leictreonaic)" title="Toilleoir (leictreonaic) – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Toilleoir (leictreonaic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="電容 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電容" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador" title="Condensador – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condensador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%9C" title="קבל – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="संधारित्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संधारित्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Capacitor" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_kondenzator" title="Električni kondenzator – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električni kondenzator" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondansat%C3%A8" title="Kondansatè – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kondansatè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenz%C3%A1tor_(%C3%A1ramk%C3%B6ri_alkatr%C3%A9sz)" title="Kondenzátor (áramköri alkatrész) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kondenzátor (áramköri alkatrész)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Էլեկտրական կոնդենսատոր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական կոնդենսատոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensator" title="Condensator – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Condensator" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatoro" title="Kondensatoro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kondensatoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raf%C3%BE%C3%A9ttir" title="Rafþéttir – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafþéttir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensatore_(elettrotecnica)" title="Condensatore (elettrotecnica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Condensatore (elettrotecnica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B5" title="コンデンサ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンデンサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiapasita" title="Kiapasita – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiapasita" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator" title="Kondensator – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kondensator" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრული კონდენსატორი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული კონდენსატორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Электр конденсаторы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр конденсаторы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%95%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0" title="축전기 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="축전기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondansator" title="Kondansator – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kondansator" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Конденсатор – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensatrum" title="Condensatrum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Condensatrum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensator_(elettrotecnica)" title="Condensator (elettrotecnica) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Condensator (elettrotecnica)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatorius_(elektra)" title="Kondensatorius (elektra) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kondensatorius (elektra)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensators" title="Kondensators – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kondensators" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadobo" title="Kadobo – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kadobo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кондензатор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="കപ്പാസിറ്റർ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കപ്പാസിറ്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Конденсатор – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="कॅपेसिटर – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅपेसिटर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuat" title="Pemuat – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemuat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="လျှပ်သို – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်သို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86" title="خازن – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خازن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensater" title="Kondensater – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kondensater" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यापासिटर – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यापासिटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यापासितर – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यापासितर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensator" title="Condensator – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Condensator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator" title="Kondensator – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kondensator" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator_(elektrisk)" title="Kondensator (elektrisk) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kondensator (elektrisk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador" title="Condensador – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Condensador" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaappaasiterii" title="Kaappaasiterii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaappaasiterii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Конденсатор – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੰਧਾਰਿਤਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਧਾਰਿਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator" title="Kondensator – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kondensator" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensator" title="Condensator – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Condensator" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="کیپیسیٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیپیسیٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%89%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="کانډنسر – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کانډنسر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capacitor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensator_electric" title="Condensator electric – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Condensator electric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Электрический конденсатор – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрический конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кондензатор" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Capacitor" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzator" title="Kondenzator – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kondenzator" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asguday" title="Asguday – 希尔哈语" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Asguday" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="希尔哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A" title="ධාරිත්‍රක – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ධාරිත්‍රක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" title="Capacitor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Capacitor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenz%C3%A1tor_(elektrotechnika)" title="Kondenzátor (elektrotechnika) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kondenzátor (elektrotechnika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondenzator" title="Kondenzator – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kondenzator" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatori" title="Kondensatori – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kondensatori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кондензатор – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кондензатор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensatore" title="Kondensatore – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kondensatore" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator" title="Kondensator – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kondensator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasita" title="Kapasita – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kapasita" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="மின்தேக்கி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்தேக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Конденсатор – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8" title="ตัวเก็บประจุ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตัวเก็บประจุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondansat%C3%B6r" title="Kondansatör – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kondansatör" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Конденсатор – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كوندېنساتور – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كوندېنساتور" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електричний конденсатор – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електричний конденсатор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="گنجائشدار – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنجائشدار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondensator_zaryadlanishi" title="Kondensator zaryadlanishi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kondensator zaryadlanishi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrokondensator" title="Elektrokondensator – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Elektrokondensator" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%A5_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Tụ điện – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tụ điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapasitor" title="Kapasitor – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapasitor" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fattalukaay(mb%C3%ABj)" title="Fattalukaay(mbëj) – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Fattalukaay(mbëj)" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="电容器 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电容器" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8" title="קאנדענסאטאר – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאנדענסאטאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-i%C3%B4ng-kh%C3%AC" title="Tiān-iông-khì – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-iông-khì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="電容器 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電容器" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5322#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Capacitor" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5322" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-6bbe7bf3" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是电子元件。关于单位，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="电容">电容</a></b>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-6bbe7bf3" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Electronics"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Physics"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">電容器</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitors_(7189597135).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg/230px-Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg/345px-Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg/460px-Capacitors_%287189597135%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8B%95%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="被動元件">被動元件</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">发明</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="克拉斯特主教">克拉斯特主教</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>电容器</b>（英文：<b>capacitor</b>，又稱為<b>condenser</b>）是將<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="電能">電能</a>儲存在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8B%95%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="被動元件">被動</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件">電子元件</a>。电容器的儲能特性可以用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="電容">電容</a>表示。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="電路">電路</a>中鄰近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="導體">導體</a>之間即存在電容，而電容器是為了增加電路中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="電容量">電容量</a>而加入的電子元件。 </p><p>電容器的外型以及其構造依其種類而不同，目前常使用的電容器也有許多<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電容器種類" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="capacitor types"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電容器種類（页面不存在）">不同種類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/capacitor_types" class="extiw" title="en:capacitor types"><span lang="en" dir="auto">capacitor types</span></a></span>）</span></span>。大部份的電容至少會有二個金屬板或是金屬表面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="導體">導體</a>，中間有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%B3%AA" title="介電質">介電質</a>隔開。導體可以是金屬箔、薄膜、燒結金屬珠或是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">电解质</a>。無導電性的介電質可以增加電容器的儲電能力。常見的介電質有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%99%A8" title="陶瓷器">陶瓷器</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塑膠膜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="plastic film"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0%E8%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塑膠膜（页面不存在）">塑膠膜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/plastic_film" class="extiw" title="en:plastic film"><span lang="en" dir="auto">plastic film</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸">纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%AF%8D" title="云母">云母</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>。在許多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="电路">电路</a>中都會用到電容器。電容器和電阻器不同，理想的電容器不會消耗能量。 </p><p>當兩個介電質隔開的導體之間有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a>時，在介電質上會產生<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a>，因此正<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>會集中在一個導體，負電荷則是在另一個導體。电容器的電容定義為累積電荷和導體電壓之間的比值。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">国际单位制</a>（SI）下電容的單位是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉">法拉</a>（F），定義為每<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a>1<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E4%BB%91" title="库仑">库仑</a>（1 C/V）。一般電容器的電容約在1 皮法拉（pF）（10<sup>−12</sup> F）到1 毫法拉（mF）（10<sup>−3</sup> F）。電容器的電容和導體的表面積成正比，和導體之間距離比反比。實務上，導體之間的介電質會通過微小的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漏電流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="leakage (electronics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漏電流（页面不存在）">漏電流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/leakage_(electronics)" class="extiw" title="en:leakage (electronics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">leakage (electronics)</span></a></span>）</span></span>。而介電質的電場強度也有上限，因此電容器會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E6%BD%B0%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="崩潰電壓">崩潰電壓</a>。而電容器中的導體及其<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E8%84%9A" title="引脚">引脚</a>會產生不想要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%AF%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" title="等效串聯電感">等效串聯電感</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%94%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="等效串联电阻">等效串联电阻</a>。 </p><p>电容器常用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="電子電路">電子電路</a>中，阻隔<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a>，讓<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a>可以流過電容器。在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="類比濾波" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="analog filter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E6%BF%BE%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="類比濾波（页面不存在）">類比濾波</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/analog_filter" class="extiw" title="en:analog filter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">analog filter</span></a></span>）</span></span>電路中，电容器可以使<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89" title="電源供應">電源供應</a>的輸出變平滑。在<a href="/wiki/LC%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="LC电路">LC电路</a>中电容器和電感器可以調諧<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5" title="无线电">无线电</a>到特定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">頻率</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%B8%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="輸電系統">輸電系統</a>中可以穩定電壓及功率的流動<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在早期的數位電腦中，會用电容器儲存能量的特性作為動態記憶體<sup id="cite_ref-floyd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floyd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歷史上第一個有留下記錄的電容器<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="克拉斯特主教">克拉斯特主教</a>在1745年10月所發明，是一個內外層均鍍有金屬膜的玻璃瓶，玻璃瓶內有一金屬桿，一端和內層的金屬膜連結，另一端則連結一金屬球體。藉由在二層金屬膜中利用玻璃作為絕緣的方式，克拉斯特主教讓<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="電荷密度">電荷密度</a>出現明顯的提升。 </p><p>1746年1月，荷蘭物理學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·范·穆森布罗克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pieter van Musschenbroek"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·范·穆森布罗克（页面不存在）">彼得·范·穆森布罗克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_van_Musschenbroek" class="extiw" title="en:Pieter van Musschenbroek"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pieter van Musschenbroek</span></a></span>）</span></span>也獨立發明了構造非常類似的電容器，當時克拉斯特主教的發明尚未廣為人知。由於馬森布魯克當時在<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="萊頓大學">萊頓大學</a>任教，因此將其命名為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF%E7%93%B6" title="莱顿瓶">萊頓瓶</a>。 </p><p>當時人們認為，電荷是儲存在萊頓瓶中的水裡；但美國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%82%91%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="班傑明·富蘭克林">富蘭克林</a>研究萊頓瓶，證明其電荷是儲存在玻璃上，並非儲存在萊頓瓶中的水裡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="原理"><span id=".E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：原理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概要"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81"></span>概要</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：概要"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>電容器包括二個<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%9E%81" title="电极">電極</a>，兩個電極儲存的電荷大小相等，符號相反。電極本身是導體，兩個電極之間由稱為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%B3%AA" title="介電質">介電質</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3%E9%AB%94" title="絕緣體">絕緣體</a>隔開。電極的金屬片通常用的是鋁片或是鋁箔，若用氧化鋁來做介質的就是電解電容器。電荷會儲存在電極表面，靠近介電質的部份。由於二個電極儲存的電荷大小相等，符號相反，因此電容器中始終保持為電中性。</li> <li>在下圖中，介電質分子因電場影響而旋轉，旋轉後產生反向的電場，因此抵消部份原有的電場，這個效應稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A5%B5%E5%8C%96" title="電極化">電極化</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電容器的電容量"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E5.99.A8.E7.9A.84.E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E9.87.8F"></span>電容器的電容量</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：電容器的電容量"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Capacitor.png/200px-Capacitor.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Capacitor.png 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>當電荷在電極上累積，在兩電極之間會產生<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A0%B4" title="電場">電場</a>，大小和所累積的電荷成正比，電場會在電容器的兩電極造成電位差<i>V</i> = <i>E·d</i>。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dielectric.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dielectric.png/200px-Dielectric.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Dielectric.png 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>介電質分子因為電子受到電場影響，使得分子偏離平衡位置。為了說明之便，本圖加大介電質和電極的空隙，實際上介電質會直接和電極接觸。</figcaption></figure> <p>電容器的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="電容">電容</a>（<i>C</i>）是測量當電容器兩端的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="電位差">電位差</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓">電壓</a>（<i>V</i>）為單位值時，儲存在電容器電極的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>量（<i>Q</i>）： <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C={Q \over V}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C={Q \over V}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/76d55da22f5d9373ea66154c9928ae8e792204ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:7.539ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C={Q \over V}}"></span> </p><p>若根據<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">國際單位制</a>，若一電容器兩極施加一<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a>的電壓，其儲存電荷量為一<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E4%BE%96" class="mw-redirect" title="庫侖">庫侖</a>，則此電容器的電容量為一<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉">法拉</a>（F）。在實務上，法拉是相當大的單位，電容器的電容量一般常以毫法拉（mF, 1mF = 10<sup>-3</sup>F）、微法拉（µF, 1µF = 10<sup>-6</sup>F）、奈法拉（nF, 1nF = 10<sup>-9</sup>F）或皮法拉（pF, 1pF = 10<sup>-12</sup>F）表示。 </p><p><b>電容量</b>和電極的面積成正比，和二電極之間的距離成反比。電容量也和二電極間介電質的相对<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E7%8E%87" title="电容率">電容率</a>成正比。 </p><p>平行板電容器的電容量如下式： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C\approx {\frac {\epsilon A}{d}};A\gg d^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <msup> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C\approx {\frac {\epsilon A}{d}};A\gg d^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e14fd592e4577fe889ac10df3aab18b539ab2765" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.052ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C\approx {\frac {\epsilon A}{d}};A\gg d^{2}}"></span> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>其中<i>ε</i>是介電質的電容率，<i>A</i>是平板的面積，而<i>d</i>是二平行板間隔的距離。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="儲能（儲存能量）"><span id=".E5.84.B2.E8.83.BD.EF.BC.88.E5.84.B2.E5.AD.98.E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F.EF.BC.89"></span>儲能（儲存能量）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：儲能（儲存能量）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當電性相反的電荷分別在電容器的兩端累積，電容器兩端的電位差和電荷產生的電場開始增加。累積電荷越多，為抵抗電場所需要作的功就越大。儲存在電容器的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國際單位制">國際單位制</a>中，單位為<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3" title="焦耳">焦耳</a>）等於建立電容兩端的電壓和電場所需要的能量。 </p><p>計算電容器儲存的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F" title="能量">能量</a>的公式如下： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}={1 \over 2}{Q^{2} \over C}={1 \over 2}{VQ}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>C</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>V</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}={1 \over 2}{Q^{2} \over C}={1 \over 2}{VQ}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cc5c7bdf6d4c2decadce5031e24a7be194c7ad63" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:33.729ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}={1 \over 2}{Q^{2} \over C}={1 \over 2}{VQ}}"></span></dd></dl> <p><i>V</i>是電容兩端的電壓差。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電路模型及计算"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF.E6.A8.A1.E5.9E.8B.E5.8F.8A.E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97"></span>電路模型及计算</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：電路模型及计算"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電路與直流源"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF.E8.88.87.E7.9B.B4.E6.B5.81.E6.BA.90"></span>電路與直流源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：電路與直流源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於電容器中有絶緣的電介質阻隔，電子很難直接穿過電容器。簡單來說，當直流電流流過電容器時，電容器的一端會累積電子，另一端會流失電子，電容器則維持電中性，這樣的過程稱為<b>充電</b>。依不同的電介質性質而定，外電場會將電介質的正負電荷稍微分開或者按照外電場方向排列電介質分子的定向，這會在電介質的表面形成面電荷與其對應的電場，其方向與外電場相反，因此減弱外電場的實際作用，所以電介質可以增加電容器的電容。由於電容器的總電場，在電容器兩端會出現電壓。電壓V和電容器一端的絕對電荷量Q成正比，而Q是流過電容器的電流對時間的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%8D%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="積分">積分</a>。其數學式如下： </p> <dl><dd><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I={\frac {dQ}{dt}}=C{\frac {dV}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>I</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I={\frac {dQ}{dt}}=C{\frac {dV}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a80d321d72f2541a3aa8eadc9068c0c0f1def9c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.865ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I={\frac {dQ}{dt}}=C{\frac {dV}{dt}}}"></span></td> <td>    </td> <td rowspan="4">其中 <dl><dd><i>I</i>是流過電容器的電流，單位為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9" title="安培">安培</a>。</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {dV}{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {dV}{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bac0a91515cc93bd38f30fe044bea29774374e15" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:3.839ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {dV}{dt}}}"></span>是電壓對時間的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%88%86" title="微分">微分</a>，單位是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="伏特">伏特</a>/秒。</dd> <dd><i>C</i>是电容器件的电容值，單位是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%8B%89" title="法拉">法拉</a>。</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>在一個使用固定直流電壓源的電路中，電容器兩端的電壓不會超過電源的電壓。當電容器兩端的電壓已不再變動，流過電容器的電流為零時，此時已形成平衡。因此，一般會說電容器不允許<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="直流電">直流電</a>通過。在直流分析中，電容器當成<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E8%B7%AF" title="开路">开路</a>（電阻無限大）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電路及交流源"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF.E5.8F.8A.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81.E6.BA.90"></span>電路及交流源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：電路及交流源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>若流過電容器的電流由<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流</a>電壓或交流電流源產生，由於電流會週期性的變換方向，交流電流會輪流對電容器的兩極充電，電容器兩極的電荷會週期性的變化，因此在一個週期內，除了電流由正變負（或由負變正）的那一瞬間之外，通過電容器的電流均不為零。因此，一般認為電容器可允許交流電流通過。 </p><p>電容器兩極的電壓和電流的積分成正比，所以若電容器通入交流的信號，相角為90度，亦即電流領先電壓90度。電壓的大小和電流成正比，和頻率和電容量C的乘積成反比。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="阻抗"><span id=".E9.98.BB.E6.8A.97"></span>阻抗</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：阻抗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電壓<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E9%87%8F" title="相量">相量</a>和電流相量的比值稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E6%8A%97" title="阻抗">阻抗</a>，為一<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%95%B0_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="复数 (数学)">複數</a>。電容器的阻抗只有電抗成份（即複數只有虛部，實部為0），數值如下 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{C}={\frac {-j}{2\pi fC}}=jX_{C}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>j</mi> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{C}={\frac {-j}{2\pi fC}}=jX_{C}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9732060e50f9b4c2f6d53a5b8787eca7853b387e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.005ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{C}={\frac {-j}{2\pi fC}}=jX_{C}}"></span> </p><p>其中： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{C}={\frac {-1}{\omega C}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{C}={\frac {-1}{\omega C}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fb7369eae6bdfb91bfd4847b1eeca441b306f13a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:10.552ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{C}={\frac {-1}{\omega C}}}"></span>是電容器的電抗 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d75a1511d1fd022069b6b9b4363afc756abaf9c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.704ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f\,}"></span>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="角頻率">角頻率</a> </p><p><i>f</i> = 輸入<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">頻率</a> </p><p><i>C</i> = 電容，單位是法拉 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle j={\sqrt {-1}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle j={\sqrt {-1}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fec2c043c1bedcc4aba77e29a310a0adcb96a929" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.027ex; width:8.99ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle j={\sqrt {-1}}}"></span> </p><p>若在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E5%9F%9F" title="頻域">頻域</a>的分析中，上述電壓和電流的關係恆成立。但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%9F%9F" title="時域">時域</a>的分析中，電壓和電流相量間的比值只有在交流穩態時才會等於<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{C}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{C}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbe98111b842bc759e8ca808cfc6a23d3b2b0317" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.406ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{C}}"></span>。 </p><p>電容的阻抗的實部為0，虛部為負值。虛部的負數表示電流領先電壓90度的相角，這和電感恰好相反，電感的電流落後電壓90度的相角。 </p><p>阻抗可以類比成<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="電阻器">電阻器</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="電阻">電阻</a>。電容的阻抗和頻率成反比，若有非常高頻的電流流過電容，阻抗值幾乎為0，此時可將電容視為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF" title="短路">短路</a>。相反地，若有非常低頻的電流流過電容，阻抗值相當大，此時可將電容視為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AD%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="断路">斷路</a>。電容許多的應用都和電容的頻率特性有關（參照<a href="#應用">"應用"</a>）。 </p><p>電容的阻抗只有電抗成份，表示理想電容不消耗能量，只儲存能量。在電子電路中有二種負載：電阻性負載會消耗其他電路輸入的能量，最後以熱的方式發散；電抗性負載則儲存能量，能量最後會再回到電路當中。 </p><p>電容器的阻抗和電容成反比，這一點和電阻器（阻抗和電阻成正比）及電感器（阻抗和電感成正比）不同。因此，電容串聯和並聯的公式恰好和電阻的公式相反。電容並聯時，總電容是各電容的和；電容串聯時，總電容值的倒數是各電容值倒數的和。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="拉普拉斯变换（S域）"><span id=".E6.8B.89.E6.99.AE.E6.8B.89.E6.96.AF.E5.8F.98.E6.8D.A2.EF.BC.88S.E5.9F.9F.EF.BC.89"></span>拉普拉斯变换（S域）</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：拉普拉斯变换（S域）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" title="拉普拉斯变换">拉普拉斯变换</a>來進行電路分析時，電容阻抗在<i>S</i>域中為： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z(s)={\frac {1}{sC}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z(s)={\frac {1}{sC}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/752defe15d6b794bf37204dcc0cfc76428a62c1c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.372ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z(s)={\frac {1}{sC}}}"></span> </p><p>其中<i>C</i>為電容，而<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle s=\sigma +j\omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>s</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle s=\sigma +j\omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/52b9a99cfe16a2003294604462f41acc7863fe66" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.763ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle s=\sigma +j\omega }"></span>為一個複合頻率。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電容器與位移電流"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E5.99.A8.E8.88.87.E4.BD.8D.E7.A7.BB.E9.9B.BB.E6.B5.81"></span>電容器與位移電流</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：電容器與位移電流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6" title="詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦">麦克斯韦</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9F%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="安培定律">安培定律</a>中加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81" title="位移電流">位移電流</a><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {d\mathbf {D} }{dt}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {d\mathbf {D} }{dt}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8c07ae20bfc2963ad8e7e41e47f21dc829f56d2f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:4.102ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {d\mathbf {D} }{dt}}}"></span>，使得在像是電容充放電的情形下，安培定律可以符合電荷的守恆。馬克士威認為位移電流是因實際電荷的移動所造成，若是在真空中，則是因為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA" title="以太">以太</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%81%B6%E6%A5%B5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電偶極子">電偶極子</a>的移動產生位移電流。雖然他對位移電流的想法有誤，不過在馬克士威將安培定律修正後，其結果沿用至今。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電容網路"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF"></span>電容網路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：電容網路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="串聯或並聯配置"><span id=".E4.B8.B2.E8.81.AF.E6.88.96.E4.B8.A6.E8.81.AF.E9.85.8D.E7.BD.AE"></span>串聯或並聯配置</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：串聯或並聯配置"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A6%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="並聯">並聯</a>的數個電容有相同的電壓。其總電容（<i>C<sub>eq</sub></i>）如下： </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitors_in_parallel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="數個電容並聯的圖形"><img alt="數個電容並聯的圖形" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Capacitors_in_parallel.svg/150px-Capacitors_in_parallel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Capacitors_in_parallel.svg/225px-Capacitors_in_parallel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Capacitors_in_parallel.svg/300px-Capacitors_in_parallel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="241" /></a></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C_{eq}=C_{1}+C_{2}+\cdots +C_{n}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C_{eq}=C_{1}+C_{2}+\cdots +C_{n}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ca4103d2ca93a3a17e9edfe4d4322eaa7084f42" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:26.459ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C_{eq}=C_{1}+C_{2}+\cdots +C_{n}\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>一般而言，電容並聯的目的是增加儲存的總能量。電容儲存的能量如下： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>C</mi> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ce219f11b29c2752077ec11bad50e73407be2dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:16.827ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {stored} }={1 \over 2}CV^{2}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="串聯">串聯</a>的數個電容會流過相同電流，但各個電容的電位差（電壓）可能不同，而電容的電壓的和會等於總電壓，電容串聯後的電容值如下： </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitorsseries.png" class="mw-file-description" title="數個電容串聯的圖形"><img alt="數個電容串聯的圖形" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Capacitorsseries.png/150px-Capacitorsseries.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Capacitorsseries.png/225px-Capacitorsseries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Capacitorsseries.png/300px-Capacitorsseries.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{C_{eq}}}={\frac {1}{C_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{C_{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{C_{n}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{C_{eq}}}={\frac {1}{C_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{C_{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{C_{n}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f47b2e033b4a21849edf85e42f459321d1b3605e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:29.416ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{C_{eq}}}={\frac {1}{C_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{C_{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{C_{n}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>在電容並聯時，電容電極的有效面積變大，因此電容值增加。而在電容串聯時，相當於電容電極的距離變大，因此電容值減小。 </p><p>在實際應用上，常串聯數個較低電壓電容器，來取代高電壓的電容器。例如在高電壓的電源供應器的濾波電路中，可以用三個最大電壓600V的電容器串聯。由於每個電容器只需承受總電壓的三分之一，因此串聯後的電容器可在1800V的電壓工作，而串聯後電容只有個別電容器的三分之一。有時也會將三個電容器先並聯，再將三組並聯電容器再串聯，形成一個3x3的電容器矩陣，總電容和個別電容器相同，但可以承受三倍的電壓。在上述應用時，各組電容器會再並聯一個大電阻，以確保電壓平均的分給三組電容器，並且在設備不使用時，提供電容放電的路徑。 </p><p>另外一種應用則是將二顆有極性的電容反向串聯，可以代替無極性的電容使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電容器/電感器的二元性"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E5.99.A8.2F.E9.9B.BB.E6.84.9F.E5.99.A8.E7.9A.84.E4.BA.8C.E5.85.83.E6.80.A7"></span>電容器/電感器的二元性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：電容器/電感器的二元性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以數學的觀點，理想電容器可以視為理想<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="電感器">電感器</a>的（反函數），因為若將電壓和電流對調，即可將電容器的電壓電流方程式改為電感器的方程式。二個或二個以上的導體可以因磁性耦合而形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%A3%93%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="變壓器">變壓器</a>，二個或二個以上帶電的導體也可以因靜電耦合而形成電容器。兩導體的互容（mutual capacitance）定義為當一導體的電流使得另一導體的電壓在單位時間變化一單位電壓時，該導體的電流量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="非理想的特性"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E7.90.86.E6.83.B3.E7.9A.84.E7.89.B9.E6.80.A7"></span>非理想的特性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：非理想的特性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>實際的電容器和理想電容器的特性方程式有些差異。其中有些特性（像是漏電流以及雜散效應）是線性的，或者可以用近似線性的方式分析，此時就會在理想電容器的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" title="等效電路">等效電路</a>上加上一些虛擬的元件來近似這些特性，之後就可以應用線性<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="電路分析">電路分析</a>的方式來處理電路<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有些特性（例如崩潰電壓）是非線性的，就無法用線性電路分析的方式處理，就需要另外來計算這些特性的影響。還有一些特性，本身也是線性的，但是會讓電容值在分析時發生變化（例如電容和溫度的相依關係）。最後，合併的雜散效應（例如本質電抗、電阻或是介電損失）可能會讓電容器在不同頻率下有不同的特性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="崩潰電壓"><span id=".E5.B4.A9.E6.BD.B0.E9.9B.BB.E5.A3.93"></span>崩潰電壓</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：崩潰電壓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E6%BD%B0%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="崩潰電壓">崩潰電壓</a></div> <p>若電容量放在在介電強度超過<i>E<sub>ds</sub></i>的特定電場下，電容器的介電性會破壞，電容器會變成導體。此時的電壓稱為元件的崩潰電壓，是介電強度和電容器導體間距離的乘積<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999170_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999170-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{\text{bd}}=E_{\text{ds}}d}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>bd</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ds</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mi>d</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{\text{bd}}=E_{\text{ds}}d}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2425ee406f69eb4a4bae3d403bb1bd097eb2687" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.239ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{\text{bd}}=E_{\text{ds}}d}"></span></dd></dl> <p>電容器在正常使用下可以儲存的最大電壓會受到崩潰電壓的限制。由於電容器的尺寸，以及崩潰電壓和介電層厚度的關係，使用特定介電質的電容器都會有相似的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="能量密度">能量密度</a>，甚至介電質也就決定了電容器的大小<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>若介電質是空氣，其崩潰電場強度約在2–5 MV/m（或kV/mm）的等級，若使用<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%AF%8D" title="云母">雲母</a>，可以到100–300 MV/m，若介電質是油，可以到15–25 MV/m，若介電質是其他的材質，其崩潰電場強度會低很多<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。介電質一般都薄，因此電容器的崩潰電壓也因此受限。一般電容器的崩潰電壓從數伏特到1 kV。若電壓增加，介電質也要加厚，因此相同介電質的的電容，高壓電容的體積一般都會比低壓的同容值電容要大一些。 </p><p>崩潰電壓受一些因素的影響很大，例如電容器導電部份的幾何形狀。尖銳的邊或是角會增加電場強度，甚至可能會造成局部的崩潰電壓。當開始崩潰時，崩潰現像會快速的穿過介電質，直到另一極的導電板為止，會留下碳，並且產生短路（或是阻抗較低）的路徑。電容崩潰可能是爆炸性的，電容從周圍的電路抽取電流，並且將其能量消耗掉<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過，有些特別介電質的電容<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或是薄的金屬電極在崩潰後不會造成短路，其原因是因為在大電流後，金屬熔化或是汽化了，因此崩潰後會產生斷路，不會影響電容器的其他部份<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一般的崩潰方式是電場夠大，因此可以吸引介電質中的電子，和原子分離，因而傳導電路。不過也有可能有另一種情形，像是介電層的雜質，或是介電層晶體結構的瑕疵，會造成類似半導體元件的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B4%A9%E6%BD%B0" title="突崩潰">突崩潰</a>。崩潰電壓也會受到電壓、濕度以及溫度的影響<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="等效電路"><span id=".E7.AD.89.E6.95.88.E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF"></span>等效電路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：等效電路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg/220px-Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg/330px-Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg/440px-Capacitor_equivalent_circuits.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>真實電容器的兩種電路模型</figcaption></figure> <p>理想电容器只會儲存及釋放能量，不會消耗能量。不過實際的電容器都有一些雜質，而電容器的材料本身也會有電阻，這些會標示為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%94%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="等效串联电阻">等效串联电阻</a>（ESR）。等效串联电阻會影響元件的阻抗： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Z_{\text{C}}=Z+R_{\text{ESR}}={\frac {1}{j\omega C}}+R_{\text{ESR}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>Z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ESR</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>ESR</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Z_{\text{C}}=Z+R_{\text{ESR}}={\frac {1}{j\omega C}}+R_{\text{ESR}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6f0ecc1db4d1e2c49e4b14c4bfbabf1667844fa6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:32.049ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Z_{\text{C}}=Z+R_{\text{ESR}}={\frac {1}{j\omega C}}+R_{\text{ESR}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>隨著頻率接近無限大，電容器的阻抗（或容抗）會減小，而會以ESR為主。當容抗可忽略，其消耗功率為<i>P</i><sub>RMS</sub> = <i>V</i><sub>RMS</sub>² /<i>R</i><sub>ESR</sub>. </p><p>和ESR類似的，電容器的導線也會產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%AF%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" title="等效串聯電感">等效串聯電感</a>（ESL），一般只在相對高頻時才比較有影響。電感感抗是正的，會隨頻率增加，超過一定頻率後，電容會被電感所抵消。高頻電子學就需要計算所有接線以及元件的電感量。 </p><p>若電容器的二個導體之間不是理想的介電質，而是導電性較低的材料，會產生微小的漏電流。因此電容器會有一個有限的並聯電阻<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999169_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999169-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，會慢慢的放電（放電時間依電容器材料及品質而定）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Q因子"><span id="Q.E5.9B.A0.E5.AD.90"></span>Q因子</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：Q因子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>电容器的<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E8%B3%AA%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="品質因子">品質因子</a>（或Q因子）是特定頻率下其容抗和電阻的比例，用來量測其效率。Q值越大的電容器，其特性越接近理想電容器。 </p><p>電容器的Q因子可以用下式計算： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q={\frac {X_{C}}{R}}={\frac {1}{\omega CR}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>R</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>C</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q={\frac {X_{C}}{R}}={\frac {1}{\omega CR}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5de06040ea1f9604c78036d82bacd0dbebf368f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:18.089ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q={\frac {X_{C}}{R}}={\frac {1}{\omega CR}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>其中<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }"></span>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%A2%91%E7%8E%87" title="角频率">角频率</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}"></span>是電容，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle X_{C}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle X_{C}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbe98111b842bc759e8ca808cfc6a23d3b2b0317" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.406ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle X_{C}}"></span>是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%97" title="电抗">容抗</a>，<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span>是電容器的等效電阻（ESR）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漣波電流"><span id=".E6.BC.A3.E6.B3.A2.E9.9B.BB.E6.B5.81"></span>漣波電流</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：漣波電流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A3%E6%B3%A2" title="漣波">漣波</a>電流是電源（例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" title="開關模式電源">開關模式電源</a>）的交流電流成份，其頻率可能是定值，也可能會變動。漣波電流會使電容器發熱，原因一方面是因為介電質上電場變化造成的能量損失，再加上電流通過有微小電阻的導線或電解質的損失。等效串聯電阻（ESR）就是考慮這些損耗的影響。 </p><p>有些<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電容種類" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="types of capacitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E7%A8%AE%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電容種類（页面不存在）">種類</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/types_of_capacitor" class="extiw" title="en:types of capacitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">types of capacitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>的電容，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鉭">鉭</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="电解电容">电解电容</a>，以及一些<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薄膜電容" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="film capacitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄膜電容（页面不存在）">薄膜電容</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/film_capacitor" class="extiw" title="en:film capacitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">film capacitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>的規格會包括最大的漣波電流： </p> <ul><li>若是用固態二氧化錳為介電質的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AD%E8%B3%AA%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="鉭質電容器">鉭質電容器</a>，其允許漣波電流有一定限制，在電容中的ESR也是最高的。若漣波電流超過額定值，會造成短路，並且損毀其他元件。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁電解電容">铝电解电容</a>是最常用的电解电容，若漣波電流較高，其壽命會降低。若漣波電流超過額定值，電容會爆裂。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="陶瓷电容">陶瓷电容</a>一般沒有漣波電流的限制，其ESR最小。</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薄膜電容" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="film capacitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄膜電容（页面不存在）">薄膜電容</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/film_capacitor" class="extiw" title="en:film capacitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">film capacitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>的ESR也非常低，但若漣波電流超過額定值，會造成電容的退化。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電容量穩定性"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E9.87.8F.E7.A9.A9.E5.AE.9A.E6.80.A7"></span>電容量穩定性</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：電容量穩定性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些電容的電容量會隨著元件老化而下降。針對<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="陶瓷电容">陶瓷电容</a>而言，電容量的下降是因為介電質的劣化而造成。介電質種類、環境溫度以及儲存溫度都會影響老化，工作電壓的影響比較小，一般電容的設計也都會讓電壓係數降到最小。元件老化的過程可以透過將元件加熱超過<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E7%82%B9" title="居里点">居里点</a>來改善。在元件剛開始工作時，老化的最快，之後會隨著時間而漸漸穩定<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。电解电容會隨著電解液的蒸發而老化，和陶瓷电容不同，其老化主要是元件壽命的末期出現。 </p><p>電容量和溫度的關係一般會用<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E4%B8%87%E5%88%86%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="百万分之一">ppm</a> 每°C來表示。一般會是範圍很廣的線性函數，但在溫度極值時會有明顯的非線性。溫度係數可能是正，也可能是負，甚至同一型電容的不同樣品之間，溫度係數有正有負，因此，溫度係數的範圍可能會包括零在內。 </p><p>陶瓷电容或是較早期的紙電容，會吸收音波，產生<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="颤噪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="microphonic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A2%A4%E5%99%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="颤噪（页面不存在）">颤噪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microphonic" class="extiw" title="en:microphonic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">microphonic</span></a></span>）</span></span>效應。振動會移動電容中的導電板，讓電容量變化，因此產生交流電流。有些介電質也會有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="壓電效應">壓電效應</a>。所形成的干擾在音響應用中是麻煩的問題，可能會造成回授。若是反向的颤噪效應，因為電場改變，會對電容中的導電板施力，類似揚音器。會產生人耳可聽到的聲音，但是會消耗能量，也會增加介電質（或是電解液）中的電應力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電流反向及電壓反向"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E6.B5.81.E5.8F.8D.E5.90.91.E5.8F.8A.E9.9B.BB.E5.A3.93.E5.8F.8D.E5.90.91"></span>電流反向及電壓反向</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：電流反向及電壓反向"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當電容器的電流改變方向時，就會有電流反向（current reversal）的情形。電壓反向（voltage reversal）則是相關電路改變極性時會有的現象。電壓反向一般會描述成最大額定電壓的百分比。在直流電路中，一般會小於100%，多半是在0至90%之間，不過交流電路就會有100%。 </p><p>在直流電路以及脈波電路中，電流反向及電壓反向會受到系統的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%B0%BC" title="阻尼">阻尼</a>所影響。若是欠阻尼的<a href="/wiki/RLC%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="RLC电路">RLC电路</a>，會有電壓反向的情形。電壓和電流變換方向，形成由<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F" title="电感">电感</a>和電容組成的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%A7%E6%8C%AF%E5%AD%90" title="諧振子">諧振子</a>。此時電壓和電流會振盪，而且會正向反向切換幾次，每一次的振幅會比原來要小，最後系統會平衡，一般會稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E9%88%B4" title="振鈴">振鈴</a>效應。而臨界阻尼或是過阻尼的系統不會有電壓反向。在交流電路中也有反向的情形，在正向及反向的峰值電流相同。 </p><p>為了延長電容器的壽命，電容器需要可以承受系統會產生的最大反向量。交流電路可能會有100%的電壓反向，而欠阻尼的直流電路反向量會小於100%。反向會造成介電質額外的電場，讓介電質及導體發熱，也會大幅縮短電容器的壽命。反向額定也會影響電容器的設計考量，包括介電材料的選用，以及內部材料的電壓額定選擇<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="介電質吸收"><span id=".E4.BB.8B.E9.9B.BB.E8.B3.AA.E5.90.B8.E6.94.B6"></span>介電質吸收</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：介電質吸收"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電容器會依其使用的介電質不同，會有不同程度的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介電質吸收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="dielectric absorption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%B3%AA%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介電質吸收（页面不存在）">介電質吸收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dielectric_absorption" class="extiw" title="en:dielectric absorption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">dielectric absorption</span></a></span>）</span></span>現象。在電容器放電後，並且切斷電源，短暫時間後會因為介電質的磁滯效應而產生電壓。若是精密的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%96%E6%A8%A3%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81" title="取樣保持">取樣保持</a>電路或是計時用的電路，介電質吸收會影響其電路的運作。介電質吸收的程度和許多因素有關，因為磁滯效應和時間有關，其中也包括設計時對充電時間的考量。不過主要因素是和介電質的材料有關。像鉭質電解電容或是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E7%A0%9C" title="聚砜">聚砜</a>薄膜電容的介電質吸收效應較大，而<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="聚苯乙烯">聚苯乙烯</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%9F%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="聚四氟乙烯">聚四氟乙烯</a>介電質的介電質吸收效應就很小<sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser2012_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser2012-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有些應用（例如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="閃光管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="flashtube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%83%E5%85%89%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閃光管（页面不存在）">閃光管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/flashtube" class="extiw" title="en:flashtube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">flashtube</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E6%9C%BA" title="电视机">电视机</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E9%A1%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="去顫">去顫</a>）所使用的電容器可能會帶有危險的電壓及能量，電容器在斷電後可能會因為介電質吸收而帶有危險性的電壓。任何儲能到10焦耳的電容器即有危險性，若儲能到50焦耳以上，有可能會致命。電容器可能在放電後幾分鐘，還有其原始電量的1%至20%，因此一個看似安全的電容器其實可能具有相當的危險性<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prutchi2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prutchi2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DixitYadav2010_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DixitYadav2010-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漏電流"><span id=".E6.BC.8F.E9.9B.BB.E6.B5.81"></span>漏電流</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：漏電流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漏電流（Leakage）可以等效為在電容器上並聯一個電阻。電容器暴露在高溫下，可能會破壞其介電質，造成過量的漏電流，這是早期真空管電路常見的問題，特別是使用油浸紙電容器或是金屬箔電容器的情况。在許多真空管電路中，會用級間耦合電容器來將變動的信號從真空管的一極到下一級的柵極電路。漏電流大的電容器會讓柵極電壓較其正常設定值要高，產生過大的電流，或是讓下一級真空管的信號扭曲。若是功率級真空管，甚至會讓柵極板發紅，或是讓限流電阻過熱，甚至於失效。在固態（電晶體）放大器中仍有類似考量，不過因為發熱較真空管要少，而且使用現代的聚酯電介質材質作為屏障，這種問題已經比較少見。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="長久未使用後的失效"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E4.B9.85.E6.9C.AA.E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E5.BE.8C.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.B1.E6.95.88"></span>長久未使用後的失效</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：長久未使用後的失效"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁電解電容">鋁電解電容</a>供應商在製造電容器時，會提供足夠的電壓，使其內部處於適當的初始化學狀態下，提供電壓的步驟稱為活化（conditioned）。有電解電容的電路若正常使用，會讓電容維持在活化狀態下，若有電解電容器的電路長期沒有通電，需要重新活化，方式是以較低的電壓通電一段時間，否則，在下次以正常電壓送電時，電容器可能會失效而短路。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電容器種類"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E5.99.A8.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>電容器種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：電容器種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前市面上已可購得許多不同型式的電容器。可分為許多不同的型式。內部介電質的種類、電容器極板結構以及元件的包裝都會大幅影響電容器的特性，以及其應用場合。 </p><p>電容器的容值可以小到非常低（例如小到數pF的範圍，理論上電容器的容值還可以更小，但在電路中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E6%95%A3%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="雜散電容">雜散電容</a>會是限制因素），最大可以到5 kF的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E7%94%B5%E5%B1%82%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="双电层电容器">超級電容器</a>。 </p><p>大約超過1 μF的電容器就會選用<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="电解电容">电解电容</a>，原因是體積較小，價格比其他型式的要便宜，不過也有些場合，會因為電解電容的穩定性及壽命較佳，或是其極性元件的特性而需要改用其他的電容器。非常高電容量的超級電容器使用有孔的碳基電極材料。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="介電質"><span id=".E4.BB.8B.E9.9B.BB.E8.B3.AA"></span>介電質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：介電質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Condensators.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Condensators.JPG/300px-Condensators.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Condensators.JPG/450px-Condensators.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Condensators.JPG/600px-Condensators.JPG 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>不同種類的電容器。左起：積層<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="陶瓷电容">陶瓷電容</a>、圓板形陶瓷電容、積層形<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%85%AF" title="聚酯">聚酯</a>電容、管形陶瓷電容、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E8%8B%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="聚苯乙烯">聚苯乙烯</a>電容（軸向、圓板形）、金屬化膜聚合物電容、鋁電解電容，尺上的大刻度為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="公分">公分</a>。</figcaption></figure> <p>許多的電容都會使用其他的介電質，使其電容量比在空氣中或是真空中的更大。為了使電容在相同體積下可以有最大的容值，一般會希望介電質的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E7%8E%87" title="电容率">电容率</a>越高越好，<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BB%E7%A9%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B" title="击穿电压">击穿电压</a>越高越好，介電質在不同頻率下的損失越低越好。 </p><p>不過，也有一些低容值的電容是在兩電容極板之間為真空，沒有介電質，其好處是可以在很高的電壓下運作，損失很小。在收音機調諧電路中有用到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%8A%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="可變電容">可變電容</a>，其極板之間的介電質是空氣。近來的設計則是在活動極板及靜止極板之間用高分子軟板的介電質，兩極板之間沒有很明顯的氣隙。 </p><p>有許多固態的介電質，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8" title="纸">纸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%AF%8D" title="云母">云母</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="陶瓷材料">陶瓷</a><sup id="cite_ref-Boggs_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在早期的電容器中，常會用纸為介電質，其工作電壓可以比較高。但紙會吸收濕氣，這類的電容已被塑膠<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薄膜電容" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="film capacitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%84%E8%86%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薄膜電容（页面不存在）">薄膜電容</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/film_capacitor" class="extiw" title="en:film capacitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">film capacitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>取代。 </p><p>大部份現今使用的塑膠薄膜電容穩定性及老化特性比油浸的纸電容器要好，因此可用在計時電路中，不過因為其<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="工作溫度">工作溫度</a>及工作頻率較低，應用上會比較受限。大型的塑膠薄膜電容普遍用在抑制電路（suppression circuits）、電動機啟動電路，以及功因修正電路中。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="陶瓷电容">陶瓷电容</a>一般體積很小、價格便宜，適合高頻的應用，不過其電容值會明顯受到電壓及溫度的影響，而且很容易老化。陶瓷电容也會有壓電效應的問題。陶瓷电容可以分為其容值隨溫度變化情形可以預測的class 1 陶瓷电容器，以及可以運作在較高電壓的class 2 陶瓷电容器。現在的多層陶瓷电容多半容值誤差很小，不過有些電容在本質上有很大的容值誤差。多層陶瓷电容會有顫噪雜訊（microphonic）問題，材質多半易碎。 </p><p>玻璃及雲母電容的可靠度非常高，很穩定，也可以在高溫及高壓下運作，不過其價值太貴，因此主流應用很少用到。 </p><p>電解電容及超級電容都可以儲存能量，超級電容儲能效果又電解電容要好。陶瓷电容多半會用到<a href="/wiki/LC%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="LC电路">LC电路</a>上。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg" title="File:Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg/220px-Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg/330px-Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg/440px-Electronic-Component-Elec-Capacitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>三種不同容值的鋁電解電容</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="电解电容">電解電容</a>中有<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">铝</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">钽</a>的極板以及氧化絕緣層。另一個電極是液態的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E8%B4%A8" title="电解质">电解质</a>，靠金屬箔和電極相連接。電解電容的容值很大，但其電容偏差也很大，而且高度不穩定，在受熱時其容值會慢慢下降，而且有大的漏電流。低品質的電路會讓電解液漏出，傷害電路板（即為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3" title="電容災難">電容災難</a>）。電解質的電導係數在低溫時會明顯下降，因此會增加等效串聯電阻。電解電容常用在許多電源調節的應用中，不過其高頻特定不佳，因此在許多應用中不適合使用。電解電容若一段時間（約一年）沒有使用，會有退化的情形，若沒有事先處理就直接全功率輸出，會發生短路，對電容器產生永久傷害，多半也會讓保險絲熔斷，或是讓整流二極體損壞。例如較舊的設備，可能讓整流真空管出現電弧。若長久沒有使用，在正式使用前漸漸的增加電壓一段時間（電容活化），就不會有退化的情形。像早期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1" title="真空管">真空管</a>設備會用可變變壓器施加交流電源三十分鐘。不過一些固態電子設備可能不適合這樣使用，在低於正常工作電壓以下的電壓使用，可能會使元件受損，因此在供電活化電容之前，需將應用電路先切離電源。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%AD%E8%B3%AA%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="鉭質電容">鉭質電容</a>的頻率特性及溫度特比比鋁電解電容要好，但<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="介電吸收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="dielectric absorption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介電吸收（页面不存在）">介電吸收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dielectric_absorption" class="extiw" title="en:dielectric absorption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">dielectric absorption</span></a></span>）</span></span>及漏電流都較大<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聚合物電容" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polymer capacitor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聚合物電容（页面不存在）">聚合物電容</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_capacitor" class="extiw" title="en:Polymer capacitor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polymer capacitor</span></a></span>）</span></span>（OS-CON, OC-CON, KO, AO）用固態導電的聚合物（或聚合的有機半導體）為電極，有較長的壽命以及較低的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%94%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="等效串联电阻">等效串联电阻</a>，但價值比標準的電解電容要貴。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="饋通" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feedthrough"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A5%8B%E9%80%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="饋通（页面不存在）">饋通電容</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedthrough" class="extiw" title="en:Feedthrough"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feedthrough</span></a></span>）</span></span>是用于通过外壳或印刷电路板传送信号的导体，电容量很小。 </p><p>也有些適用於一些特殊應用的電容。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="超级电容">超級電容</a>可以儲存大量的能量，其材質是由碳的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%87%9D%E8%83%B6" title="气凝胶">气凝胶</a>、奈米碳管或是多孔電極材料製成，有非常高的容值（截至2010年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>的數據可以到 5 kF），在一些應用中可以代替<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%84%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="蓄電池">蓄電池</a>使用。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB" title="交流電">交流電</a>電容是設計在市電交流電壓下工作的電容，多半用在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="电动机">电动机</a>相關電路，也有較大的電流量，因此體積也比較大。交流電容多半都有堅固的金屬外殼，方便接地。一般這種電容的直流崩潰電壓至少會設計在最大交流電壓的五倍以上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="型式"><span id=".E5.9E.8B.E5.BC.8F"></span>型式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：型式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg/220px-Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg/330px-Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg/440px-Photo-SMDcapacitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>電容封裝：左上方是<a href="/wiki/SMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SMD">SMD</a>陶瓷電容，左下方是SMD鉭質電容，右上方是<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%AD%94%E6%8F%92%E8%A3%85%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="通孔插装技术">通孔插装技术</a>鉭質電容，右下方是通孔插装的電解電容。圖中尺的大刻度是公分</figcaption></figure> <p>依照電容額定不同，電極板及介電質的配置也有許多不同的型式。若電容器容值較小（μF或更小），陶瓷碟型電容會有金屬的鍍層，導線的引線會焊接在鍍層上。較大容值的電容會用多層電極板或碟型的層疊方式，較大容值的電容一般會用金屬箔或是鍍在介質箔表面的金屬薄膜層來做為電極板，以及用浸漬過介電材料的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電絕緣紙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electrical insulation paper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電絕緣紙（页面不存在）">電絕緣紙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Electrical insulation paper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electrical insulation paper</span></a></span>）</span></span>或塑膠形的的絕緣層。一般這些箔或薄膜會層疊捲起來以節省空間。為了減少長電極板的串聯電阻及電感，電極板及介電質的配置會讓引線接在圓筒狀捲曲箔某一側的圓，而不是接在捲曲箔的末端。 </p><p>電容在組裝時會將內部包裹起來，避免濕氣進入介電質。早期的無線電設備是用用蠟密封的紙板管。現代的紙質或是薄膜電容會浸入硬質熱塑性塑料中。高壓的大電容會將捲曲箔壓縮，使其可以裝入長方體的外殼中，有螺栓連接的端子和襯套進行連接。較大容量的電容一般其內部會浸入液體以提昇其性能。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg/220px-Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg/330px-Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg/440px-Axial_electrolytic_capacitors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1912" /></a><figcaption>幾個軸向引線的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="电解电容">电解电容</a></figcaption></figure> <p>電容器的引腳也有許多不同的組態，例如軸向（axially）或徑向（radially）的。軸向引線表示二個引線在同一直線上，一般也就是圓柱型電容器的軸，二個引線分別在圓柱型兩側圓形的圓心位置。徑向（radially）引線不是延著圓柱形的半徑往外延伸，只是二個引線會放在圓柱型某一側的圓上，離圓心有一段距離的位置，兩引線也會互相平行。 </p><p>小型、價格便宜的碟型<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9" title="陶瓷电容">陶瓷電容</a>自1930年代起就開始使用，現今仍廣泛使用。1980年代起，許多小容量的電容已普遍使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="表面安装技术">表面安装技术</a>（SMD）的封裝。此封裝方式的體積非常小，而且沒有引線，可以直接銲接在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷电路板">印刷电路板</a>上。SMD的電容元件避免了因為引線而產生的高頻效應，也簡化自動化的生產，不過也因為尺寸小，人工焊接會比較困難。 </p><p>機械性可控變容器的電極板位置可以調整，例如是用移轉或是滑動的方式，使活動電極板對正（或不對正）固定的電極板。低成本的變容器會讓鋁板及塑膠板交錯排列，再配合<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電子微調器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="trimmer (electronics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%BE%AE%E8%AA%BF%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電子微調器（页面不存在）">電子微調器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/trimmer_(electronics)" class="extiw" title="en:trimmer (electronics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">trimmer (electronics)</span></a></span>）</span></span>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%AE%B9%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="變容二極體">變容二極體</a>（varactor、varicaps）可以用電氣方式控制電容量，是耗散區（depletion region）隨電壓改變的反向偏壓<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="二極體">二極體</a>，常用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E7%9B%B8%E7%8E%AF" title="锁相环">锁相环</a>及其他應用中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;" summary="电路图中电容器的符号概览"> <caption style="font-size: larger;"><b>电容器的电路符号(卝)</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>電容器<br />（固定電容器） </th> <th>極性電容器 </th> <th>可變電容器 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacitor_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Capacitor symbol"><img alt="Capacitor symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Capacitor_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a></span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polarized_capacitor_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Polarized capacitor symbol"><img alt="Polarized capacitor symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Polarized_capacitor_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a><figcaption>Polarized capacitor symbol</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polarized_capacitor_symbol_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Polarized capacitor symbol 2"><img alt="Polarized capacitor symbol 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Polarized_capacitor_symbol_2.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a><figcaption>Polarized capacitor symbol 2</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polarized_capacitor_symbol_3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Polarized capacitor symbol 3"><img alt="Polarized capacitor symbol 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Polarized_capacitor_symbol_3.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a><figcaption>Polarized capacitor symbol 3</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polarized_capacitor_symbol_4.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Polarized capacitor symbol 4"><img alt="Polarized capacitor symbol 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Polarized_capacitor_symbol_4.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a><figcaption>Polarized capacitor symbol 4</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Variable_capacitor_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Variable capacitor symbol"><img alt="Variable capacitor symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Variable_capacitor_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="37" data-file-height="37" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>電容器在電子電機系統中有許多種用途。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能量儲存"><span id=".E8.83.BD.E9.87.8F.E5.84.B2.E5.AD.98"></span>能量儲存</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：能量儲存"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當電容器和其充電線路分離後，電容器會儲存能量，因此可作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="電池">電池</a>，提供短時間的電力。電容器常用在配合電池使用的電子設備中，在更換電池時提供電力，避免儲存的資料因沒有電力而消失。 </p><p>電容器也常用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E5%99%A8" title="電源供應器">電源供應器</a>中，可緩和全橋或半橋<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%81%E5%99%A8" title="整流器">整流器</a>的輸出。電容器也可用在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E6%B3%B5%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電容泵浦">電容泵浦</a>（charge pump）電路中，儲存能量，以產生比輸入電壓更高的電壓。 </p><p>在許多的電子設備及較大的電力系統〔如工廠〕中，為了提供信號電路或控制電路一個“乾淨的”的電源，常將電容器和電源電路並聯。如音響系統會用數個電容去除由電源線上傳來60Hz的訊號。電容可儲存直流的電源，同時讓電源的交流電流有旁路的路徑。在<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="車用音響" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vehicle audio"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A8%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="車用音響（页面不存在）">車用音響</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_audio" class="extiw" title="en:Vehicle audio"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vehicle audio</span></a></span>）</span></span>系統中，就常使用電容器來補償<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%84%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="蓄電池">蓄電池</a>瞬時輸出功率的不足。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="功率因数更正（改善）"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E7.8E.87.E5.9B.A0.E6.95.B0.E6.9B.B4.E6.AD.A3.EF.BC.88.E6.94.B9.E5.96.84.EF.BC.89"></span>功率因数更正（改善）</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：功率因数更正（改善）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電容器可使用在需要<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87%E5%9B%A0%E6%95%B0" title="功率因数">功率因数</a>更正的場合中，在這種情形時，常常是三個電容器配合<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="三相電">三相</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A0%E8%BC%89" class="mw-redirect" title="負載">負載</a>使用。此時電容器的單位不用法拉計算，而是使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%8A%9F%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="无功功率">無功功率</a>（Reactive Power），單位為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乏 (電磁學單位)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Volt-ampere reactive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8F_(%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乏 (電磁學單位)（页面不存在）">乏</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt-ampere_reactive" class="extiw" title="en:Volt-ampere reactive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Volt-ampere reactive</span></a></span>）</span></span>（VAR）。加入電容器的目的是因抵消<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達">馬達</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%89%E7%87%88" class="mw-redirect" title="日光燈">日光燈</a>等電感性負載的影響，使負載儘量接近電阻性負載。 </p><p>VAR = V<sup>2</sup> × 2 π <i>f</i> C <br /> 上述公式中V：電壓（V），<i>f</i>：頻率（Hz），C：電容量（F） </p><p>如改使用千乏（kVAR）與微法拉（μF）為單位，則公式變成：<br /> kVAR ＝ V<sup>2</sup> × 2 π <i>f</i> C × 10<sup>-6</sup> ÷ 1000 ＝ V<sup>2</sup> × 2 π <i>f</i> C × 10<sup>-9</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="過濾、濾波"><span id=".E9.81.8E.E6.BF.BE.E3.80.81.E6.BF.BE.E6.B3.A2"></span>過濾、濾波</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：過濾、濾波"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="信號耦合"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E8.99.9F.E8.80.A6.E5.90.88"></span>信號耦合</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：信號耦合"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88" title="电容耦合">电容耦合</a></div> <p>由於電容器阻隔直流<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="信号">信號</a>通過的特性，電容器常用來過濾信號直流的部分，只留下交流的信號，稱為交流耦合（有時也會用<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%A3%93%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="變壓器">變壓器</a>來達到類似目的）。用在交流耦合用途的電容器會有較大的電容量，其電容值不需很精確，但在信號交流成份流過時，電容需有低的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%8A%97" class="mw-redirect" title="感抗">感抗</a>值。为这种用途被设计成适合穿过一个金属控制板的电容，被称为穿心电容，在电路图上穿心电容与其他电容器的符号有细微的差别。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG/270px-%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG/405px-%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG/540px-%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="显卡">显卡</a>上的电容器</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器"><span id=".E9.9B.9C.E8.A8.8A.E9.81.8E.E6.BF.BE.E5.99.A8.E3.80.81.E9.A6.AC.E9.81.94.E5.95.9F.E5.8B.95.E5.99.A8.E5.8F.8A.E6.B8.9B.E9.9C.87.E7.B7.A9.E8.A1.9D.E5.99.A8"></span>雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：雜訊過濾器、馬達啟動器及減震緩衝器"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電感">電感</a>有電流流過，而瞬間開關開路時，因開關無法流過電流，電感電流瞬間降到零，會在開關或繼電器兩端產生高電壓。若電感較大時，其能量會產生火花，使得接點氧化或熔化接合，或造成固態開關的損壞。若在開關旁並聯<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%A9%E8%A1%9D%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緩衝電容（页面不存在）">緩衝電容</a>（Snubber capacitor），可以在開關開路時，提供電感電流路徑通過，可以延長開關的壽命。例如在汽車點火系統的斷路器就會並聯一緩衝電容。 </p><p>在功率較小的系統中，產生的火花不會造成開關損壞，但產生的高電壓會產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A2%91%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="射频干扰">射頻干擾</a>（Radio Frequency Interference, RFI），若加裝緩衝電容即可減少因開關開路帶來的干擾。緩衝電容一般會串聯低阻值的電阻，可以消耗能量及降低射頻干擾。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="感應馬達">感應馬達</a>需要一個隨著時間變化其角度的旋轉<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%A0%B4" title="磁場">磁場</a>，才能正常工作。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E9%9B%BB" title="三相電">三相</a>感應馬達可以直接由三相<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電源">電源</a>產生旋轉磁場，若是單相感應馬達，則需在啟動時加裝一電容器，利用電容器和馬達電感的相位差產生旋轉磁場，使馬達啟動，此電容稱為<b>啟動電容</b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="信號處理"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E8.99.9F.E8.99.95.E7.90.86"></span>信號處理</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：信號處理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>储存于电容器中的能量可用来表达<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息">信息</a>，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91" class="mw-redirect" title="电脑">电脑</a>中的二进制形式，或开关电容电路与“水桶队列延迟线”（bucket－brigade delay lines）中的模拟形式。电容器可被应用在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="模拟电路">模拟电路</a>中做为积分器（integrators）或更复杂滤波器的组件，也用在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9F%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88" title="负反馈">负反馈</a>环路稳定性中。信号处理电路也用电容器对电路信号求<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%86" title="积分">积分</a>（integral） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="調諧電路"><span id=".E8.AA.BF.E8.AB.A7.E9.9B.BB.E8.B7.AF"></span>調諧電路</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：調諧電路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電容器及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="電感器">電感器</a>在<a href="/wiki/RLC%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="RLC電路">調諧電路</a>中用來選擇固定<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%BB%E7%8E%87_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="頻率 (物理學)">頻率</a>範圍內的信號。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E9%9F%B3%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="收音機">收音機</a>的接收器就利用可變電容器來調整接收的頻率。 </p><p>收音机所用的可变电容器通常为方形塑封，介质为塑料薄膜，通常有两个互不相连的定片和一个动片组成，容量相同的双联单抽头叠层电容，最大电容为几十nF，用于更改接收电台频率，也有其他引脚的型号，例如双抽头二双联6脚，用于调频调幅；而另一种可能出现在收音机等无线收发电路的可变电容容量较小，2个引脚，塑封，通常为数pf-数十pf，一般调好后不再调节。 </p><p>收音機接收器接收的頻率是電感（L）和電容（C）的函數，其式如下： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {LC}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mi>L</mi> <mi>C</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {LC}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aecff5abc5353196145d127190122b169bd91161" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:12.993ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{2\pi {\sqrt {LC}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>此頻率是<a href="/wiki/RLC%E9%9B%BB%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="RLC電路">RLC串聯電路</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="共振">共振</a>頻率。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他應用"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>其他應用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：其他應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="感測器應用"><span id=".E6.84.9F.E6.B8.AC.E5.99.A8.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>感測器應用</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：感測器應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>電容器的應用多半不會改變其物理結構，而是利用電容器的特性來改變電壓或電流。不過在固定電壓下，若改變<b>介電質</b>的物理特性或電子特性，電容器也可用在感測應用上。若使空氣可以滲透到電容器的介電質中，可用電容器測量空氣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濕度">濕度</a>。用可撓性的平板製作的電容器則可測量<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%8A%9B" title="應力">應力</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="壓力">壓力</a>。在電容式<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="麥克風">麥克風</a>中，電容一端可隨空氣壓力而位移，另一端固定，則可用電容作為聲音的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="感測器">感測器</a>。 </p><p>有些<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加速计">加速計</a>使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="晶片">晶片</a>上蝕刻的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="微機電系統">微機電</a>電容來測量加速度的方向及大小。如此用在傾斜儀或汽車安全氣囊的感測器中，測量加速度的變化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="脈衝功率及武器應用"><span id=".E8.84.88.E8.A1.9D.E5.8A.9F.E7.8E.87.E5.8F.8A.E6.AD.A6.E5.99.A8.E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>脈衝功率及武器應用</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：脈衝功率及武器應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電感">電感</a>值低、耐高電壓的大電容組（capacitor banks）常用來提供<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E5%8A%9F%E7%8E%87" title="脈衝功率">脈衝功率</a>應用需要的大電流。這類的應用包括了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="电磁成形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electromagnetic forming"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%88%90%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电磁成形（页面不存在）">电磁成形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_forming" class="extiw" title="en:Electromagnetic forming"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electromagnetic forming</span></a></span>）</span></span>（electromagnetic forming）、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Marx脈衝發生器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marx generator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marx%E8%84%88%E8%A1%9D%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marx脈衝發生器（页面不存在）">Marx脈衝發生器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx_generator" class="extiw" title="en:Marx generator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marx generator</span></a></span>）</span></span>、脈衝<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="雷射">雷射</a>（尤其是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="TEA雷射" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="TEA laser"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=TEA%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TEA雷射（页面不存在）">TEA雷射</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEA_laser" class="extiw" title="en:TEA laser"><span lang="en" dir="auto">TEA laser</span></a></span>）</span></span>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%89%E5%86%B2%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="脉冲形成网络">脉冲形成网络</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雷達">雷達</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="核融合">核融合</a>研究及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="粒子加速器">粒子加速器</a>。 </p><p>大型电容组被用做桥梁爆破炸药、核武器里面的起爆装置和其他特殊武器里面。利用电容组作为电磁式装甲（electromagnetic armor）、动能混合型弹药（railguns）和轨道一线圈混合发射器的电源的试验性工作正在进行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="電容的潛在危險及安全性"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E5.AE.B9.E7.9A.84.E6.BD.9B.E5.9C.A8.E5.8D.B1.E9.9A.AA.E5.8F.8A.E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8.E6.80.A7"></span>電容的潛在危險及安全性</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：電容的潛在危險及安全性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在電容充電後關閉電源，電容內的電荷仍可能儲存很長的一段時間。此電荷足以產生電擊，或是破壞相連結的儀器。一個拋棄式相機閃光模組由1.5V AA <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="乾電池">乾電池</a>充電，看似安全，但其中的電容可能會充電到300V，300V的電壓產生的電擊會使人非常疼痛，甚至可能致命。 </p><p>許多電容的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E6%95%88%E4%B8%B2%E8%81%94%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="等效串联电阻">等效串聯電阻</a>（ESR）低，因此在短路時會產生大電流。在維修具有大電容的設備之前，需確認電容已經放電完畢。為了安全上的考量，所有大電容在組裝前需要放電。若是放在基板上的電容器，可以在電容器旁並聯一<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洩放電阻" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bleeder resistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%A9%E6%94%BE%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洩放電阻（页面不存在）">洩放電阻</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeder_resistor" class="extiw" title="en:Bleeder resistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bleeder resistor</span></a></span>）</span></span>。在正常使用時，洩放電阻的漏電流小，不會影響其他電路。而在斷電時，洩放電阻可提供電容放電的路徑。高壓的大電容在儲存時需將其端子<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF" title="短路">短路</a>，以確保其儲存電荷均已放電，因為若電容在安裝時突然放電，產生的電壓可能會造成危險。 </p><p>大型老式的油浸電容器中含有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%B0%AF%E8%81%AF%E8%8B%AF" title="多氯聯苯">多氯聯苯</a>（poly-chlorinated biphenyl），因此丟棄時需妥善處理，若未妥善處理，多氯聯苯會進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>中，進而污染飲用水。多氯聯苯是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E7%99%8C%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" title="致癌物質">致癌物質</a>，微量就會對人體造成影響。若電容器的體積大，其危險性更大，需要格外小心。新的電子零件中已不含多氯聯苯。 </p><p>高電壓的電容器若在啟動時加入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A9%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95" title="緩啟動">緩啟動</a>的機制，限制其突入電流，可以延長其設備壽命，提升元件可靠度，也可以避免高電壓下造成的危害。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="高电压电容潜在的危險"><span id=".E9.AB.98.E7.94.B5.E5.8E.8B.E7.94.B5.E5.AE.B9.E6.BD.9C.E5.9C.A8.E7.9A.84.E5.8D.B1.E9.9A.AA"></span>高电压电容潜在的危險</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：高电压电容潜在的危險"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在高电压和强电流下工作的电容有着超出一般的危险。 </p><p>高电压电容在超出其标称电压下工作时有可能发生灾难性的损坏。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="絕緣">绝缘</a>材料的故障可能会导致在充满油（通常这些油起隔绝空气的作用）的小单元产生电弧致使绝缘液体蒸发，引起电容凸出、破裂甚至爆炸，而爆炸会将易燃的油弄的到处都是、起火、损坏附近的设备。硬包装的圆柱状玻璃或塑料电容比起通常长方体包装的电容更容易炸裂，而后者不容易在高压下裂开。 </p><p>被用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A0%BB" title="射頻">射频</a>电路中和长期在强电流环境工作的电容会过热，特别是电容中心的卷筒。即使外部环境温度较低，但这些热量不能及时散发出去，集聚在内部可能会迅速导致内部高热从而导致电容损坏。 </p><p>在高能环境下工作的电容组，如果其中一个出现故障，使电流突然切断，其他电容中储存的能量会涌向出故障的电容，这就即有可能出现猛烈的爆炸。 </p><p>高电压真空电容即使在正确使用时，也会发出一定的<a href="/wiki/X%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" title="X射线">X射线</a>。适当的密封方式、熔斷機制（fusing）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E9%98%B2%E6%80%A7%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4" title="预防性维护">预防性维护</a>会帮助减少这些潜在的危险。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">那時叫容電器（electric condenser），現在才更名為電容器。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bird, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A1tAHm_5sl0C">Electrical and Electronic Principles and Technology</a>. Routledge. 2010: 63–76 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780080890562" title="Special:网络书源/9780080890562"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780080890562</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101415/https://books.google.com/books?id=A1tAHm_5sl0C">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.btitle=Electrical+and+Electronic+Principles+and+Technology&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780080890562&rft.pages=63-76&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA1tAHm_5sl0C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floyd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-floyd_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Floyd, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electronicdevice00floy_327">Electronic Devices</a> 7th. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. 1984–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/electronicdevice00floy_327/page/10">10</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-13-127827-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-13-127827-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-13-127827-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Floyd&rft.btitle=Electronic+Devices&rft.date=1984%2F2005&rft.edition=7th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-127827-4&rft.pages=10&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felectronicdevice00floy_327&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060828235438/http://www.ttc-cmc.net/~fme/captance.html">https://web.archive.org/web/20060828235438/http://www.ttc-cmc.net/~fme/captance.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313799141_Universality_of_the_emergent_scaling_in_finite_random_binary_percolation_networks">Scaling in binary percolation networks</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228003949/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313799141_Universality_of_the_emergent_scaling_in_finite_random_binary_percolation_networks">存档</a>于2019-12-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.btitle=Scaling+in+binary+percolation+networks&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F313799141_Universality_of_the_emergent_scaling_in_finite_random_binary_percolation_networks&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999170-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999170_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlaby1999">Ulaby 1999</a>，第170頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pai, S. T.; Qi Zhang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=spZ_H4nwIN0C&pg=PA47">Introduction to High Power Pulse Technology</a>. Advanced Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering <b>10</b>. World Scientific. 1995 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789810217143" title="Special:网络书源/9789810217143"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789810217143</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101414/https://books.google.com/books?id=spZ_H4nwIN0C&pg=PA47">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.au=Qi+Zhang&rft.aufirst=S.+T.&rft.aulast=Pai&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+High+Power+Pulse+Technology&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789810217143&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.series=Advanced+Series+in+Electrical+and+Computer+Engineering&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DspZ_H4nwIN0C%26pg%3DPA47&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dyer, Stephen A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr6l42rEizUC&pg=PA397">Wiley Survey of Instrumentation and Measurement</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 397 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780471221654" title="Special:网络书源/9780471221654"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780471221654</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101413/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr6l42rEizUC&pg=PA397">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Stephen+A.&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.btitle=Wiley+Survey+of+Instrumentation+and+Measurement&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780471221654&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWr6l42rEizUC%26pg%3DPA397&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Scherz, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C9pL3iL6eSMC&pg=PA100">Practical Electronics for Inventors</a> 2nd. McGraw Hill Professional. 2006: 100 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780071776448" title="Special:网络书源/9780071776448"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780071776448</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101414/https://books.google.com/books?id=C9pL3iL6eSMC&pg=PA100">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Scherz&rft.btitle=Practical+Electronics+for+Inventors&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780071776448&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC9pL3iL6eSMC%26pg%3DPA100&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Inuishi, Y.; Powers, D.A. 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Scientific Reports. 2017, <b>7</b> (1): 932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatSR...7..932B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..932B</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430567"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 5430567</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428625"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 28428625</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-017-01007-9"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01007-9</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+alumina+nanocapacitors+after+high+voltage+breakdown&rft.au=Belkin%2C+A.&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.pages=932&rft.volume=7&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430567&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5430567&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017NatSR...7..932B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-017-01007-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28428625&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bird, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9zpWdgQeM4C&pg=PA501">Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology</a>. Routledge. 2007: 501 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780750681391" title="Special:网络书源/9780750681391"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780750681391</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101414/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9zpWdgQeM4C&pg=PA501">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.btitle=Electrical+Circuit+Theory+and+Technology&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780750681391&rft.pages=501&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ9zpWdgQeM4C%26pg%3DPA501&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999169-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlaby1999169_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlaby1999">Ulaby 1999</a>，第169頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121226160520/http://www.johansondielectrics.com/technical-notes/general/ceramic-capacitor-aging-made-simple.html">Ceramic Capacitor Aging Made Simple</a>. Johanson Dielectrics. 2012-05-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johansondielectrics.com/technical-notes/general/ceramic-capacitor-aging-made-simple.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-12-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.btitle=Ceramic+Capacitor+Aging+Made+Simple&rft.date=2012-05-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Johanson+Dielectrics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johansondielectrics.com%2Ftechnical-notes%2Fgeneral%2Fceramic-capacitor-aging-made-simple.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714134127/http://www.ga.com/websites/ga/images/products/ep/tech-bulletins/voltage-reversal.pdf">The Effect of Reversal on Capacitor Life</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Engineering Bulletin 96-004. Sorrento Electronics. 2003-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.com/websites/ga/images/products/ep/tech-bulletins/voltage-reversal.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Reversal+on+Capacitor+Life&rft.date=2003-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engineering+Bulletin+96-004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.com%2Fwebsites%2Fga%2Fimages%2Fproducts%2Fep%2Ftech-bulletins%2Fvoltage-reversal.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaiser2012-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser2012_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kaiser, Cletus J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FOatBAAAQBAJ">The Capacitor Handbook</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-94-011-8090-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-94-011-8090-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-94-011-8090-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520144747/https://books.google.com/books?id=FOatBAAAQBAJ">存档</a>于2022-05-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Cletus+J.&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.btitle=The+Capacitor+Handbook&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-94-011-8090-0&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFOatBAAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donklipstein.com/xesafe.html">Xenon Strobe and Flash Safety Hints</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190905224314/http://donklipstein.com/xesafe.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. donklipstein.com. May 29, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Electronics</i>. McGraw-Hill 1960 p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prutchi2012-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prutchi2012_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Prutchi, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LLxsnx74KEYC&pg=PA10clet">Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 28 February 2012: 10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-11-28</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-118-17070-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-118-17070-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-118-17070-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101414/https://books.google.com/books?id=LLxsnx74KEYC&pg=PA10clet">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Prutchi&rft.btitle=Exploring+Quantum+Physics+through+Hands-on+Projects&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-118-17070-0&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLLxsnx74KEYC%26pg%3DPA10clet&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DixitYadav2010-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DixitYadav2010_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dixit, J. 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Laxmi Publications, Ltd. 2010: 63 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-93-80386-74-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-93-80386-74-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-93-80386-74-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101414/https://books.google.com/books?id=lxLWYe5sGMsC&pg=PA63">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.au=Yadav%2C+Amit&rft.aufirst=J.+B.&rft.aulast=Dixit&rft.btitle=Electrical+Power+Quality&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-93-80386-74-4&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Laxmi+Publications%2C+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlxLWYe5sGMsC%26pg%3DPA63&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Winburn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xx1I5eQybE8C&pg=PA189">Practical Laser Safety, Second Edition</a>. CRC Press. 13 November 1989: 189 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8247-8240-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8247-8240-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8247-8240-5</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428101415/https://books.google.com/books?id=xx1I5eQybE8C&pg=PA189">存档</a>于2022-04-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.au=Winburn&rft.btitle=Practical+Laser+Safety%2C+Second+Edition&rft.date=1989-11-13&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-8240-5&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxx1I5eQybE8C%26pg%3DPA189&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boggs-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Boggs_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ho, Janet; Jow, T. Richard; Boggs, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1232215">Historical Introduction to Capacitor Technology</a>. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine. Jan 2010, <b>26</b> (1): 20–25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-16</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fmei.2010.5383924"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1109/mei.2010.5383924</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200515004054/https://zenodo.org/record/1232215">存档</a>于2020-05-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.atitle=Historical+Introduction+to+Capacitor+Technology&rft.au=Boggs%2C+Steven&rft.au=Jow%2C+T.+Richard&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.aulast=Ho&rft.date=2010-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Electrical+Insulation+Magazine&rft.pages=20-25&rft.volume=26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1232215&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2Fmei.2010.5383924&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Guinta, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/Anniversary/21.html">Ask The Applications Engineer – 21</a>. Analog Devices. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226001315/http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/Anniversary/21.html">存档</a>于2013-02-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.aulast=Guinta&rft.btitle=Ask+The+Applications+Engineer+%E2%80%93+21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Analog+Devices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.analog.com%2Flibrary%2FanalogDialogue%2FAnniversary%2F21.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFUlaby1999" class="citation book">Ulaby, Fawwaz Tayssir. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a_C8QgAACAAJ">Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics</a>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780130115546" title="Special:网络书源/9780130115546"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780130115546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&rft.aufirst=Fawwaz+Tayssir&rft.aulast=Ulaby&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Applied+Electromagnetics&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780130115546&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da_C8QgAACAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Glenn Zorpette "Super Charged: A Tiny South Korean Company is Out to Make Capacitors Powerful enough to Propel the Next Generation of Hybrid-Electric Cars", <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Spectrum" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Spectrum">IEEE Spectrum</a>, January, 2005 Vol 42, No. 1, North American Edition.</li> <li>"The ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs, 68th ed", The Amateur Radio Relay League, Newington CT USA, 1991</li> <li>"Basic Circuit Theory with Digital Computations", Lawrence P. Huelsman, Prentice-Hall, 1972</li> <li>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society LXXII, Appendix 8, 1782（Volta coins the word <i>condenser</i>）</li> <li>A. K. Maini "Electronic Projects for Beginners", "Pustak Mahal", 2nd Edition: March, 1998（<a href="/w/index.php?title=INDIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="INDIA（页面不存在）">INDIA</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_LEYDEN.HTM">Spark Museum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100614003104/http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_LEYDEN.HTM">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（von Kleist and Musschenbroek）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/VON_KLEIST_BIO.html">Biography of von Kleist</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100616061535/http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/VON_KLEIST_BIO.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/4em/ch07/ch07.html">Capacitance and Inductance</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070307180753/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/4em/ch07/ch07.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - a chapter from an online textbook</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060702020803/http://societyofrobots.com/electronics_tutorial.shtml#capacitor">Practical Capacitors and other Electronics for Robotics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714222041/http://leonardo.eeug.caltech.edu/~ee14/lab1cds.html">Caltech: Practical capacitor properties</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060701030213/http://www.faradnet.com/">FaradNet: The Capacitor Resource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://badcaps.net/">BadCaps.net: how shoddily-made capacitors cause computer faults</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060627005212/http://badcaps.net/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060503001421/http://www.maxfarad.com/product/product_energy.html">MAXFARAD Capacitors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nesscap.com">NessCap, maker of 5000 farad capacitors</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200210201811/http://www.nesscap.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga-esi.com/">General Atomics Electronic Systems, inc. High Voltage Pulsed Power Capacitors and Systems.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060706051703/http://www.ga-esi.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710035146/http://www.skeletonnanolab.com/">Skeleton NanoLab, Research & Development of advanced capacitors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/capacitor.htm/printable">Howstuffworks.com: How Capacitors Work</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100209195054/http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/capacitor.htm/printable">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.execpc.com/~endlr/">CapSite 2006: Introduction to Capacitors</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100204021805/http://my.execpc.com/~endlr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/AC.html">AC circuits</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070227152912/http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~jw/AC.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/gadgets/caps/caps.html">Capacitor Tutorial</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060618060423/http://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/gadgets/caps/caps.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - Includes how to read capacitor temperature codes</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cqvip.com/QK/91384X/2005010/20278518.html">The Principle and the Performance of a Combined Rail -coil Launcher</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131029184712/http://www.cqvip.com/QK/91384X/2005010/20278518.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 有关railgun的描述</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capacitorinfo.com">china capacitor information network</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200702225328/http://www.capacitorinfo.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:电子学">电子学主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電容表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Capacitance meter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電容表（页面不存在）">電容表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance_meter" class="extiw" title="en:Capacitance meter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Capacitance meter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9%E7%81%BD%E9%9B%A3" title="電容災難">電容災難</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="電位移">電位移</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%87%B4%E7%99%BC%E5%85%89" title="電致發光">電致發光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF%E7%93%B6" title="莱顿瓶">萊頓瓶</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Electronic_components" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Electronic components"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="電子元件" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件">電子元件</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93%E5%99%A8%E4%BB%B6" title="半导体器件">半导体器件</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%AE%A1" title="晶体管">晶体管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="四極電晶體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tetrode transistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%A5%B5%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四極電晶體（页面不存在）">四極電晶體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrode_transistor" class="extiw" title="en:Tetrode transistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tetrode transistor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="五極電晶體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentode transistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E6%A5%B5%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五極電晶體（页面不存在）">五極電晶體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentode_transistor" class="extiw" title="en:Pentode transistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentode transistor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電解存儲器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Memistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%98%E5%84%B2%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電解存儲器（页面不存在）">電解存儲器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memistor" class="extiw" title="en:Memistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Memistor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B6%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="憶阻器">憶阻器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%AE%A1" title="双极性晶体管">双极性晶体管</a>（<span lang="en">BJT</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%96%98%E6%A5%B5%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="多閘極電晶體">多閘極電晶體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B0%AD%E5%BC%8F%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="鰭式場效電晶體">鰭式場效電晶體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%A3%9C%E5%BC%8F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="互補式金屬氧化物半導體">互補式金屬氧化物半導體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94%E5%A0%B4%E6%95%88%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體">金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體</a>（<span lang="en">MOSFET</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E5%9E%8B%E5%9C%BA%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%AE%A1" title="结型场效应管">接面場效電晶體</a>（<span lang="en">JFET</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%BA%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94%E7%AE%A1" title="场效应管">场效应管</a>（<span lang="en">FET</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%B7%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="量子線路">量子線路</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="定電流二極體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Constant-current diode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定電流二極體（页面不存在）">定電流二極體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant-current_diode" class="extiw" title="en:Constant-current diode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Constant-current diode</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span lang="en">CLD</span>、<span lang="en">CRD</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%81%B5%E9%A1%BF%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%AE%A1" title="达灵顿晶体管">達靈頓電晶體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="觸發二極體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="DIAC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%B8%E7%99%BC%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="觸發二極體（页面不存在）">觸發二極體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIAC" class="extiw" title="en:DIAC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">DIAC</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="二極體">二極管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Heterostructure barrier varactor" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heterostructure barrier varactor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterostructure_barrier_varactor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterostructure barrier varactor（页面不存在）">Heterostructure barrier varactor</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterostructure_barrier_varactor" class="extiw" title="en:Heterostructure barrier varactor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heterostructure barrier varactor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%B7%A3%E6%9F%B5%E9%9B%99%E6%A5%B5%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94%E7%AE%A1" title="絕緣柵雙極晶體管">絕緣柵雙極晶體管</a>（<span lang="en">IGBT</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="集成电路">集成电路</a>（<span lang="en">IC</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%85%89%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E7%AE%A1" title="發光二極管">發光二極管</a>（<span lang="en">LED</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%84%9F%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8" title="光感測器">光感測器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E4%BA%8C%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1" title="光电二极管">光电二极管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PIN%E5%9E%8B%E4%BA%8C%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1" title="PIN型二极管">PIN型二极管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E7%89%B9%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8C%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1" title="肖特基二极管">肖特基二极管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%96%98%E7%AE%A1" title="晶閘管">矽控整流器</a>（<span lang="en">SCR</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%96%98%E7%AE%A1" title="晶閘管">晶閘管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%B4%A9%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E7%AE%A1" title="雪崩二極管">雪崩二極管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%91%E6%99%B6%E9%97%B8%E7%AE%A1" title="双向晶闸管">雙向晶闸管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%90%88%E9%9D%A2%E9%9B%BB%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94" title="單接合面電晶體">單接合面電晶體</a>（<span lang="en">UJT</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%AE%B9%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="變容二極體">變容二極體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E7%B4%8D%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="齊納二極體">齊納二極體</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IC_Carrier_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IC_Carrier_Icon.svg/120px-IC_Carrier_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IC_Carrier_Icon.svg/180px-IC_Carrier_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/IC_Carrier_Icon.svg/240px-IC_Carrier_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%8E%8B%E5%99%A8" title="稳压器">稳压器</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80%E5%99%A8" title="線性電壓調節器">線性電壓調節器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%A3%93%E5%B7%AE%E7%A9%A9%E5%A3%93%E5%99%A8" title="低壓差穩壓器">低壓差穩壓器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90" title="開關模式電源">開關穩壓器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E5%8E%8B%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%99%A8" title="降压变换器">降压变换器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%87%E5%A3%93%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B%E5%99%A8" title="升壓變換器">升壓變換器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E5%A3%93-%E5%8D%87%E5%A3%93%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B%E5%99%A8" title="降壓-升壓變換器">降壓-升壓變換器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-pi" title="Split-pi">Split-pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86uk%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2%E5%99%A8" title="Ćuk变换器">Ćuk变换器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%AB%AF%E5%88%9D%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E5%99%A8" title="单端初级电感转换器">SEPIC变换器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7%E6%B3%B5" title="電荷泵">電荷泵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C%E9%9B%BB%E5%AE%B9" title="開關電容">開關電容</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1" title="真空管">真空管</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="橡實管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acorn tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%A1%E5%AF%A6%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="橡實管（页面不存在）">橡實管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Acorn tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acorn tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三極真空管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Audion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%A5%B5%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三極真空管（页面不存在）">三極真空管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audion" class="extiw" title="en:Audion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Audion</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="束射四極管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beam tetrode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9F%E5%B0%84%E5%9B%9B%E6%A5%B5%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="束射四極管（页面不存在）">束射四極管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_tetrode" class="extiw" title="en:Beam tetrode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beam tetrode</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="熱線檢流計" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hot wire barretter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%86%B1%E7%B7%9A%E6%AA%A2%E6%B5%81%E8%A8%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="熱線檢流計（页面不存在）">熱線檢流計</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_wire_barretter" class="extiw" title="en:Hot wire barretter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hot wire barretter</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="緊密管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Compactron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%8A%E5%AF%86%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緊密管（页面不存在）">緊密管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compactron" class="extiw" title="en:Compactron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Compactron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1" title="真空管">真空二極體</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗萊明管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fleming valve"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E6%98%8E%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗萊明管（页面不存在）">弗萊明管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleming_valve" class="extiw" title="en:Fleming valve"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fleming valve</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="九極管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nonode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E6%A5%B5%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="九極管（页面不存在）">九極管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonode" class="extiw" title="en:Nonode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nonode</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小型抗震管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuvistor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%9E%8B%E6%8A%97%E9%9C%87%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小型抗震管（页面不存在）">小型抗震管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuvistor" class="extiw" title="en:Nuvistor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuvistor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="五柵變頻管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pentagrid converter"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E6%9F%B5%E8%AE%8A%E9%A0%BB%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五柵變頻管（页面不存在）">五柵變頻管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagrid_converter" class="extiw" title="en:Pentagrid converter"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pentagrid converter</span></a></span>）</span></span>（六極管、七極管、八極管）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1" title="五极管">五极管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E5%80%8D%E5%A2%9E%E7%AE%A1" title="光电倍增管">光电倍增管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%94%B5%E7%AE%A1" title="光电管">光电管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1" title="四极管">四极管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9E%81%E7%AE%A1_(%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1)" title="三极管 (真空管)">三極管</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E7%AE%A1" title="真空管">真空管</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">RF</a>）</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後進波振盪器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Backward-wave oscillator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E9%80%B2%E6%B3%A2%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後進波振盪器（页面不存在）">後進波振盪器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward-wave_oscillator" class="extiw" title="en:Backward-wave oscillator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Backward-wave oscillator</span></a></span>）</span></span>（BWO）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%85%94%E7%A3%81%E6%8E%A7%E7%AE%A1" title="多腔磁控管">多腔磁控管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="交叉場放大器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crossed-field amplifier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E5%A0%B4%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交叉場放大器（页面不存在）">交叉場放大器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossed-field_amplifier" class="extiw" title="en:Crossed-field amplifier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crossed-field amplifier</span></a></span>）</span></span>（CFA）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B4%E6%97%8B%E7%AE%A1" title="迴旋管">迴旋管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="感應輸出管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inductive output tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E8%BC%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感應輸出管（页面不存在）">感應輸出管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_output_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Inductive output tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inductive output tube</span></a></span>）</span></span>（IOT）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="調速管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Klystron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%BF%E9%80%9F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="調速管（页面不存在）">調速管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klystron" class="extiw" title="en:Klystron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Klystron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%80%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="激微波">激微波</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回復式調速管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sutton tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E5%BE%A9%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%BF%E9%80%9F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回復式調速管（页面不存在）">回復式調速管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Sutton tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sutton tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%AE%A1" title="行波管">行波管</a>（TWT）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E7%AE%A1" title="阴极射线管">阴极射线管</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電子束偏轉管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Beam deflection tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E6%9D%9F%E5%81%8F%E8%BD%89%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電子束偏轉管（页面不存在）">電子束偏轉管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_deflection_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Beam deflection tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Beam deflection tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF%E7%AE%A1" title="阴极射线管">顯像管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="光電攝像管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iconoscope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E9%9B%BB%E6%94%9D%E5%83%8F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光電攝像管（页面不存在）">光電攝像管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoscope" class="extiw" title="en:Iconoscope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iconoscope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E7%9C%BC%E7%AE%A1" title="幻眼管">幻眼管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="單像管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monoscope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E5%83%8F%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單像管（页面不存在）">單像管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoscope" class="extiw" title="en:Monoscope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monoscope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%89%E6%95%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="选数管">选数管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="儲存管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Storage tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%B2%E5%AD%98%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儲存管（页面不存在）">儲存管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Storage tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Storage tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%A1" title="数码管">多級電子計數管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%83%8F%E7%AE%A1" title="摄像管">摄像管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%AE%A1" title="威廉姆斯管">威廉姆斯管</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="充氣管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gas-filled tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%85%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="充氣管（页面不存在）">充氣管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-filled_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Gas-filled tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gas-filled tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81%E8%8D%A7%E5%85%89%E7%81%AF%E7%AE%A1" title="冷阴极荧光灯管">冷阴极荧光灯管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Crossatron" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crossatron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crossatron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crossatron（页面不存在）">Crossatron</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossatron" class="extiw" title="en:Crossatron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crossatron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E9%98%B4%E6%9E%81%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E7%AE%A1" title="冷阴极计数管">冷阴极计数管</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%95%E7%87%83%E7%AE%A1" title="引燃管">引燃管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弧光放電充氣管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Krytron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A7%E5%85%89%E6%94%BE%E9%9B%BB%E5%85%85%E6%B0%A3%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弧光放電充氣管（页面不存在）">弧光放電充氣管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krytron" class="extiw" title="en:Krytron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Krytron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%81%E5%99%A8" title="水銀整流器">汞弧閥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%81%AF" title="氖灯">氖灯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81%E7%AE%A1" title="数码管">数码管</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="閘流管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Thyratron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%98%E6%B5%81%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閘流管（页面不存在）">閘流管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyratron" class="extiw" title="en:Thyratron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Thyratron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="觸發管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trigatron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%B8%E7%99%BC%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="觸發管（页面不存在）">觸發管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigatron" class="extiw" title="en:Trigatron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trigatron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="調壓管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Voltage-regulator tube"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%BF%E5%A3%93%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="調壓管（页面不存在）">調壓管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-regulator_tube" class="extiw" title="en:Voltage-regulator tube"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Voltage-regulator tube</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">可變式元件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E5%99%A8" title="電位器">電位器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E9%9B%BB%E4%BD%8D%E5%99%A8" title="數位電位器">數位式</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%98%E7%94%B5%E5%AE%B9%E5%99%A8" title="可变电容器">可变电容器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E5%AE%B9%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="變容二極體">變容二極體</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8B%95%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="被動元件">被動元件</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>連接器 <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="音頻與視頻接口及端子" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Audio and video interfaces and connectors"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E9%A0%BB%E8%88%87%E8%A6%96%E9%A0%BB%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E5%8F%8A%E7%AB%AF%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音頻與視頻接口及端子（页面不存在）">音頻與視頻</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_and_video_interfaces_and_connectors" class="extiw" title="en:Audio and video interfaces and connectors"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Audio and video interfaces and connectors</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81%E9%9B%BB%E6%BA%90%E6%8F%92%E9%A0%AD%E8%88%87%E6%8F%92%E5%BA%A7" title="家用交流電源插頭與插座">電源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%84%E9%A2%91%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%99%A8" title="射频连接器">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電解檢測器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Electrolytic detector"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%A7%A3%E6%AA%A2%E6%B8%AC%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電解檢測器（页面不存在）">電解檢測器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrolytic_detector" class="extiw" title="en:Electrolytic detector"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Electrolytic detector</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%B0%A7%E9%AB%94%E7%A3%81%E8%8A%AF" title="鐵氧體磁芯">鐵氧體磁芯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA%E7%B5%B2" title="保險絲">保險絲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PPTC" title="PPTC">可復式保險絲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB%E5%99%A8" title="電阻器">電阻器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="開關">開關</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E6%95%8F%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB" title="热敏电阻">热敏电阻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%8E%8B%E5%99%A8" title="变压器">变压器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E6%95%8F%E9%9B%BB%E9%98%BB" title="壓敏電阻">壓敏電阻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E7%B7%9A" title="金屬線">金屬線</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗拉斯頓線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wollaston wire"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E9%A0%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗拉斯頓線（页面不存在）">弗拉斯頓線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollaston_wire" class="extiw" title="en:Wollaston wire"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wollaston wire</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%8A%97" title="电抗">电抗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">电容器</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="陶瓷諧振器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ceramic resonator"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E8%AB%A7%E6%8C%AF%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陶瓷諧振器（页面不存在）">陶瓷諧振器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_resonator" class="extiw" title="en:Ceramic resonator"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ceramic resonator</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E9%AB%94%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="晶體振盪器">晶體振盪器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%84%9F%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="电感元件">电感元件</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="變抗管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Parametron"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%8A%E6%8A%97%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="變抗管（页面不存在）">變抗管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametron" class="extiw" title="en:Parametron"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Parametron</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E7%94%B5%E5%99%A8" title="继电器">继电器</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="舌簧繼電器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="reed relay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%8C%E7%B0%A7%E7%B9%BC%E9%9B%BB%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舌簧繼電器（页面不存在）">舌簧繼電器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reed_relay" class="extiw" title="en:reed relay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">reed relay</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80%E9%96%8B%E9%97%9C" title="水銀開關">水銀開關</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img 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