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Chiralità (chimica) - Wikipedia
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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Chiralità_delle_molecole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chiralità_delle_molecole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Chiralità delle molecole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chiralità_delle_molecole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proprietà_delle_molecole_chirali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proprietà_delle_molecole_chirali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Proprietà delle molecole chirali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proprietà_delle_molecole_chirali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chiralità (chimica)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Disponibile in 40 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="يدوية (كيمياء) - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يدوية (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Хіральнасць (хімія) - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хіральнасць (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хиралност (химия) - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиралност (химия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiralitat_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Quiralitat (química) - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quiralitat (química)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitet_(kemi)" title="Kiralitet (kemi) - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kiralitet (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A4t_(Chemie)" title="Chiralität (Chemie) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chiralität (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_(%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Χειρομορφία (χημεία) - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χειρομορφία (χημεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality_(chemistry)" title="Chirality (chemistry) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chirality (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4iraleco" title="Ĥiraleco - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥiraleco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiralidad_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Quiralidad (química) - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quiralidad (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiraalne_molekul" title="Kiraalne molekul - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiraalne molekul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitate_(kimika)" title="Kiralitate (kimika) - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kiralitate (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="دستسانی (شیمی) - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستسانی (شیمی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiraalisuus" title="Kiraalisuus - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiraalisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A9_(chimie)" title="Chiralité (chimie) - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chiralité (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciri%C3%BAlacht" title="Ciriúlacht - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciriúlacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiralidade_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Quiralidade (química) - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Quiralidade (química)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="כיראליות - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיראליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="काइरलता - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="काइरलता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralnost_(kemija)" title="Kiralnost (kemija) - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kiralnost (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optikai_izom%C3%A9ria" title="Optikai izoméria - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Optikai izoméria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralitate" title="Chiralitate - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chiralitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitas_(kimia)" title="Kiralitas (kimia) - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kiralitas (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="キラリティー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キラリティー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%9E%84%EC%84%B1_(%ED%99%94%ED%95%99)" title="카이랄성 (화학) - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카이랄성 (화학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiraliteit_(scheikunde)" title="Chiraliteit (scheikunde) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chiraliteit (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitet" title="Kiralitet - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kiralitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitet" title="Kiralitet - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kiralitet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralno%C5%9B%C4%87_cz%C4%85steczek" title="Chiralność cząsteczek - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chiralność cząsteczek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiralidade_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Quiralidade (química) - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quiralidade (química)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralitate_(chimie)" title="Chiralitate (chimie) - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chiralitate (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хиральность (химия) - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиральность (химия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiralnost_molekula" title="Hiralnost molekula - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hiralnost molekula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirality" title="Chirality - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chirality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiralita_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Chiralita (chémia) - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chiralita (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralnost_(kemija)" title="Kiralnost (kemija) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kiralnost (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Хиралност молекула - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хиралност молекула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralitet" title="Kiralitet - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kiralitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiralite_(kimya)" title="Kiralite (kimya) - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kiralite (kimya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%80%A7" title="手性 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="手性" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214514#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chirality_with_hands.svg/880px-Chirality_with_hands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>Modelli molecolari di due enantiomeri di un generico <a href="/wiki/Amminoacido" title="Amminoacido">amminoacido</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>chiralità</b>, dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco</a> <i>χείρ</i> (khéir), "mano",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è la proprietà di un oggetto rigido (o di una disposizione spaziale di <a href="/wiki/Punto_(geometria)" title="Punto (geometria)">punti</a> o <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomi</a>) di essere non sovrapponibile alla sua immagine speculare.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">chimica</a> è detta <b>chirale</b> una <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">molecola</a> non sovrapponibile alla propria immagine speculare nelle tre dimensioni.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al contrario, una molecola sovrapponibile alla propria immagine speculare nelle tre dimensioni (tramite rotazioni e traslazioni) è detta <b>achirale</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chiralità_delle_molecole"><span id="Chiralit.C3.A0_delle_molecole"></span>Chiralità delle molecole</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Chiralità delle molecole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Chiralità delle molecole"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esempi macroscopici di oggetti chirali sono una <a href="/wiki/Mano" title="Mano">mano</a> - che può essere destra o sinistra - o una <a href="/wiki/Vite_(meccanica)" title="Vite (meccanica)">vite</a>, che può avere un <a href="/wiki/Filettatura" title="Filettatura">filetto</a> che ruota in senso orario o antiorario. Un <a href="/wiki/Chiodo" title="Chiodo">chiodo</a>, invece, possedendo infiniti <a href="/wiki/Piano_(geometria)" title="Piano (geometria)">piani</a> di <a href="/wiki/Simmetria" title="Simmetria">simmetria</a> lungo la propria lunghezza, è identico e sovrapponibile alla propria immagine speculare, quindi non è chirale. </p><p>È frequentissimo commettere l'errore di descrivere la chiralità come proprietà puntuale: non esiste un atomo (o un punto) che sia chirale, bensì la chiralità è una proprietà appartenente alla molecola (o a un oggetto in generale). Ad esempio, citando un caso tipico in <a href="/wiki/Chimica_organica" title="Chimica organica">chimica organica</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">carbonio</a> che porti quattro sostituenti diversi, e faccia parte di una molecola chirale, è correttamente definibile come carbonio <a href="/wiki/Elemento_stereogenico" title="Elemento stereogenico">stereogenico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In una molecola chirale tutti gli atomi che la costituiscono sono opportunamente definibili "chirotopici".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una molecola è chirale se tra i suoi <a href="/wiki/Simmetria_molecolare" title="Simmetria molecolare">elementi di simmetria</a> non vi è alcun asse di rotazione improprio. Due molecole identiche in tutto, salvo l'essere una l'immagine speculare dell'altra tra loro non sovrapponibili, sono dette <i><a href="/wiki/Enantiomero" title="Enantiomero">enantiomeri</a></i>. Possono essere un esempio di molecole chirali quelle che contengono un atomo di carbonio tetraedrico (<a href="/wiki/Ibridizzazione" title="Ibridizzazione">ibridato</a> <i>sp</i>³) legato a quattro sostituenti diversi. </p><p>A volte però, una molecola contenente più di un atomo di carbonio chirotopico (ad esempio l'<a href="/wiki/Acido_tartarico" title="Acido tartarico">acido tartarico</a>) oltre ad ammettere due forme enantiomere, ammette una terza forma achirale (quindi sovrapponibile alla propria immagine speculare), detta forma "<a href="/wiki/Composto_meso" title="Composto meso">meso</a>" e la si indica col prefisso "meso-". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png/350px-Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png/525px-Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Chiralit%C3%A0_acido_lattico_enantiomeri.png 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Modelli molecolari dei due enantiomeri dell'<a href="/wiki/Acido_lattico" title="Acido lattico">acido lattico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Esempi di molecole chirali che non presentano stereocentri sono gli <a href="/wiki/Eliceni" title="Eliceni">eliceni</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proprietà_delle_molecole_chirali"><span id="Propriet.C3.A0_delle_molecole_chirali"></span>Proprietà delle molecole chirali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Proprietà delle molecole chirali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Proprietà delle molecole chirali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due molecole tra di loro enantiomere possiedono le medesime proprietà fisiche tranne il <a href="/wiki/Potere_rotatorio" title="Potere rotatorio">potere rotatorio</a> della luce polarizzata (identico per intensità, ma opposto di segno per ognuna di esse) e mostrano lo stesso comportamento chimico nei confronti di sostanze non chirali. Diversa è invece la loro interazione chimica nei confronti delle altre molecole chirali (esattamente come una mano destra, stringendo un'altra mano riesce a distinguere una mano destra da una sinistra) in quelle reazioni che vengono dette <a href="/wiki/Stereospecificit%C3%A0" title="Stereospecificità">stereospecifiche</a>. </p><p>Una miscela 1:1 di due enantiomeri viene detta <i><a href="/wiki/Racemo_(chimica)" title="Racemo (chimica)">racemo</a></i>. La miscela dei due enantiomeri non ha le stesse proprietà dell'enantiomero puro, ad esempio varia il <a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">punto di fusione</a> che raggiunge il minimo o, a volte, il massimo, in corrispondenza del racemo. Questo deriva dalla diversa organizzazione delle molecole nel cristallo e può essere ricondotto all'esempio in cui una mano, stringendone un'altra riconosce se è la destra o la sinistra. </p><p>Nella quasi totalità gli organismi biologici producono un solo enantiomero di una molecola chirale. Spesso nei sistemi viventi solo uno dei due enantiomeri di una coppia viene coinvolto nei <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">cicli metabolici</a> mentre l'altro viene ignorato o può addirittura esercitare effetti dannosi. Alcuni esempi: </p> <ul><li>Nel caso dell'<a href="/wiki/Acido_lattico" title="Acido lattico">acido lattico</a> in figura, l'enantiomero che si forma nei <a href="/wiki/Muscolo" title="Muscolo">muscoli</a> in seguito a sforzo è solo il secondo dei due, l'acido (S)-(+)-lattico detto anche acido (L)-(+)-lattico.</li> <li>L'<a href="/wiki/Amido" title="Amido">amido</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Cellulosa" title="Cellulosa">cellulosa</a> sono entrambi dei <a href="/wiki/Polimero" title="Polimero">polimeri</a> del <a href="/wiki/Glucosio" title="Glucosio">glucosio</a>, ma l'organismo umano riesce ad assimilare solo l'amido in cui i legami tra le molecole di glucosio sono del tipo α(1→4) glicosidici e non la cellulosa in cui tali legami sono β(1→4) glicosidici. Nel caso delle <a href="/wiki/Tarma" title="Tarma">tarme</a> invece succede il contrario.</li> <li>Di tutti gli <a href="/wiki/Amminoacido" title="Amminoacido">aminoacidi</a>, solo gli L-aminoacidi sono quasi esclusivamente utilizzati dagli organismi viventi per la <a href="/wiki/Sintesi_proteica" title="Sintesi proteica">sintesi proteica</a>.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Talidomide" title="Talidomide">talidomide</a> venne introdotta in Europa nel 1957 come <a href="/wiki/Sedazione" title="Sedazione">sedativo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antiemetico" title="Antiemetico">antiemetico</a>, salvo essere ritirata quattro anni più tardi in seguito al manifestarsi di numerosi casi di malformazioni agli arti a danno dei neonati le cui madri assunsero questo <a href="/wiki/Farmaco" title="Farmaco">farmaco</a> per curare l'emesi gravidica. Alcuni studi suggeriscono che l'attività ipnotica sia legata all'enantiomero (R), mentre l'(S) è un <a href="/wiki/Teratogenesi" title="Teratogenesi">teratogeno</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sta di fatto che anche se si utilizzasse solo l'isomero (R), questo verrebbe convertito dal metabolismo nella forma (S).</li></ul> <p>Nel 2023 grazie a un <a href="/wiki/Laser_a_elettroni_liberi" title="Laser a elettroni liberi">laser a elettroni liberi</a> e ai suoi impulsi polarizzati circolarmente, intensi e di breve durata, è stata osservata per la prima volta la variazione nel tempo della chiralità di una molecola con un dettaglio senza precedenti, che è arrivato a evidenziare il contributo dei singoli atomi a tale proprietà.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grecoantico.com/dizionario-greco-antico.php?parola=%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%81"><span style="font-style:italic;">DIZIONARIO GRECO ANTICO - Greco antico - Italiano</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">grecoantico.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 19 marzo 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01058.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chirality</span></a></cite>, definizione <a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a> <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124150119/http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gold Book</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html">url originale</abbr> il 24 gennaio 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Michael B. Smith e Jerry March, <span style="font-style:italic;">March's advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure</span>, Eighth edition, Wiley, 2020, pp. 133-134, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-119-37178-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/978-1-119-37178-6">978-1-119-37178-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Francis A. Carey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780072521702_5ed"><span style="font-style:italic;">Organic Chemistry</span></a>, 5ª ed., McGraw-Hill, 2004, pp. 281-282, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-252170-8" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-07-252170-8">0-07-252170-8</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educhimica.it/Organica/1_Chiralita_e_centri.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Stereochimica</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>).</cite>, p.7, su <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educhimica.it/"><span style="font-style:italic;">educhimica.it</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01065.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Chirotopic</span></a></cite>, definizione <a href="/wiki/Unione_internazionale_di_chimica_pura_e_applicata" title="Unione internazionale di chimica pura e applicata">IUPAC</a> <cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124150119/http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gold Book</span></a> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://goldbook.iupac.org/index.html">url originale</abbr> il 24 gennaio 2010)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"><cite class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antologiamedica.it/2010/10/16/talidomide-caratteristiche-farmacocinetiche-e-farmacodinamiche/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Talidomide: caratteristiche farmacocinetiche e farmacodinamiche</span></a>.</cite></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}">[<i><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Collegamenti_interrotti" title="Aiuto:Collegamenti interrotti">collegamento interrotto</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lescienze.it/news/2023/03/24/news/fotografato_per_la_prima_volta_lo_stato_chirale_delle_molecole_su_scala_atomica-11662474/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fotografato per la prima volta lo stato "chirale" delle molecole su scala atomica</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">lescienze.it</span>, 24 marzo 2023.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A0_(matematica)" title="Chiralità (matematica)">Chiralità (matematica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A0_inerente" title="Chiralità inerente">Chiralità inerente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diastereoisomero" title="Diastereoisomero">Diastereoisomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemento_stereogenico" title="Elemento stereogenico">Elemento stereogenico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enantiomero" title="Enantiomero">Enantiomero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omochiralit%C3%A0" title="Omochiralità">Omochiralità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochiralit%C3%A0" title="Prochiralità">Prochiralità</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochiralit%C3%A0" title="Prochiralità">Prostereoisomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereochimica" title="Stereochimica">Stereochimica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racemo_(chimica)" title="Racemo (chimica)">Racemo (chimica)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/chiralit%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:chiralità">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Chirality in chemistry"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chirality_in_chemistry?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/chiralit%C3%A0" class="extiw" title="wikt:chiralità">chiralità</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chirality_in_chemistry?uselang=it">chiralità</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_(chimica)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/enantiomorph"><span style="font-style:italic;">enantiomer</span></a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/chirality-molecular-structure"><span style="font-style:italic;">chirality</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214514#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Stereochimica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stereochimica" title="Template:Stereochimica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Stereochimica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Stereochimica (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Stereochimica&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Stereochimica" title="Stereochimica">Stereochimica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a href="/wiki/Isomeria" title="Isomeria">Isomeria</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Stereoisomero" title="Stereoisomero">Stereoisomero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Enantiomero" title="Enantiomero">Enantiomero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Diastereoisomero" title="Diastereoisomero">Diastereoisomero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Epimero" title="Epimero">Epimero</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Composto_meso" title="Composto meso">Composto meso</a></td><td rowspan="5" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chirality_with_hands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chirality_with_hands.svg/175px-Chirality_with_hands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chirality_with_hands.svg/263px-Chirality_with_hands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Chirality_with_hands.svg/350px-Chirality_with_hands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chiralità</a></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Elemento_stereogenico" title="Elemento stereogenico">Elemento stereogenico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_planare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiralità planare (la pagina non esiste)">Chiralità planare</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligando_chirale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligando chirale (la pagina non esiste)">Ligando chirale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiralit%C3%A0_assiale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiralità assiale (la pagina non esiste)">Chiralità assiale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chiralit%C3%A0_inerente" title="Chiralità inerente">Chiralità inerente</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prochiralit%C3%A0" title="Prochiralità">Prochiralità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Omochiralit%C3%A0" title="Omochiralità">Omochiralità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Racemo_(chimica)" title="Racemo (chimica)">Racemo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Anomeria" title="Anomeria">Anomeria</a> <b> ·</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Sintesi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Stereospecificit%C3%A0" title="Stereospecificità">Stereospecificità</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Stereoselettivit%C3%A0" title="Stereoselettività">Stereoselettività</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccesso_enantiomerico" title="Eccesso enantiomerico">Eccesso enantiomerico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eccesso_diastereoisomerico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eccesso diastereoisomerico (la pagina non esiste)">Eccesso diastereoisomerico</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Analisi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Potere_rotatorio" title="Potere rotatorio">Potere rotatorio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Risoluzione_chirale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risoluzione chirale (la pagina non esiste)">Risoluzione chirale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dicroismo_circolare" title="Dicroismo circolare">Dicroismo circolare</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Reazioni</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Sintesi_asimmetrica" title="Sintesi asimmetrica">Sintesi asimmetrica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ausiliario_chirale" title="Ausiliario chirale">Ausiliario chirale</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Organocatalisi" title="Organocatalisi">Organocatalisi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Biocatalisi" title="Biocatalisi">Biocatalisi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-applications-science.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/25px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/38px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gnome-applications-science.svg/50px-Gnome-applications-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Chimica" title="Portale:Chimica">Portale Chimica</a></b>: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia</div></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐5457f5c844‐2mfcv Cached time: 20241120081307 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.266 seconds Real time usage: 0.489 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1241/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 22017/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 581/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 11072/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.167/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5159018/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 326.148 1 -total 39.31% 128.211 1 Template:Collegamenti_esterni 20.25% 66.048 1 Template:Stereochimica 12.73% 41.534 1 Template:Navbox 8.77% 28.603 7 Template:Cita_testo 8.61% 28.083 2 Template:Cita_web 7.32% 23.889 1 Template:Portale 7.03% 22.944 1 Template:Interprogetto 5.39% 17.587 1 Template:Collegamento_interrotto 4.62% 15.070 1 Template:Chiarimento --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key itwiki:pcache:1519:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241120081307 and revision id 139452335. 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