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concepts</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/k-morphism">k-morphism</a>, <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/coherence">coherence</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/looping+and+delooping">looping and delooping</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/stabilization">looping and suspension</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="basic_theorems">Basic theorems</h2> <ul> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/homotopy+hypothesis">homotopy hypothesis</a>-theorem</p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/delooping+hypothesis">delooping hypothesis</a>-theorem</p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/periodic+table">periodic table</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/stabilization+hypothesis">stabilization hypothesis</a>-theorem</p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/michaelshulman/show/exactness+hypothesis">exactness hypothesis</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/holographic+principle+of+higher+category+theory">holographic principle</a></p> </li> </ul> <h2 id="applications">Applications</h2> <ul> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/applications+of+%28higher%29+category+theory">applications of (higher) category theory</a></p> </li> <li> <p><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/higher+category+theory+and+physics">higher category theory and physics</a></p> </li> </ul> <h2 id="models">Models</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28n%2Cr%29-category">(n,r)-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Theta-space">Theta-space</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-category">∞-category</a>/<a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-category">∞-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2Cn%29-category">(∞,n)-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-fold+complete+Segal+space">n-fold complete Segal space</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C2%29-category">(∞,2)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-category">(∞,1)-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/quasi-category">quasi-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/algebraic+quasi-category">algebraic quasi-category</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/simplicially+enriched+category">simplicially enriched category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/complete+Segal+space">complete Segal space</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/model+category">model category</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C0%29-category">(∞,0)-category</a>/<a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-groupoid">∞-groupoid</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Kan+complex">Kan complex</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/algebraic+Kan+complex">algebraic Kan complex</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/simplicial+T-complex">simplicial T-complex</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2CZ%29-category">(∞,Z)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-category">n-category</a> = (n,n)-category <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-category">2-category</a>, <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%282%2C1%29-category">(2,1)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/1-category">1-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/0-category">0-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28-1%29-category">(-1)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28-2%29-category">(-2)-category</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-poset">n-poset</a> = <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-poset">(n-1,n)-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/poset">poset</a> = <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%280%2C1%29-category">(0,1)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-poset">2-poset</a> = <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%281%2C2%29-category">(1,2)-category</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-groupoid">n-groupoid</a> = (n,0)-category <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-groupoid">2-groupoid</a>, <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/3-groupoid">3-groupoid</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/categorification">categorification</a>/<a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/decategorification">decategorification</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/geometric+definition+of+higher+category">geometric definition of higher category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Kan+complex">Kan complex</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/quasi-category">quasi-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/simplicial+model+for+weak+%E2%88%9E-categories">simplicial model for weak ∞-categories</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/complicial+set">complicial set</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/weak+complicial+set">weak complicial set</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/algebraic+definition+of+higher+category">algebraic definition of higher category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/bicategory">bicategory</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/bigroupoid">bigroupoid</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/tricategory">tricategory</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/tetracategory">tetracategory</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/strict+%E2%88%9E-category">strict ∞-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Batanin+%E2%88%9E-category">Batanin ∞-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Trimble+n-category">Trimble ∞-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Grothendieck-Maltsiniotis+%E2%88%9E-categories">Grothendieck-Maltsiniotis ∞-categories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/stable+homotopy+theory">stable homotopy theory</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/symmetric+monoidal+category">symmetric monoidal category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/symmetric+monoidal+%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-category">symmetric monoidal (∞,1)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/stable+%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-category">stable (∞,1)-category</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/dg-category">dg-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/A-%E2%88%9E+category">A-∞ category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/triangulated+category">triangulated category</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="morphisms">Morphisms</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/k-morphism">k-morphism</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-morphism">2-morphism</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/transfor">transfor</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/natural+transformation">natural transformation</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/modification">modification</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="functors">Functors</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/functor">functor</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-functor">2-functor</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/pseudofunctor">pseudofunctor</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/lax+functor">lax functor</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-functor">(∞,1)-functor</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="universal_constructions">Universal constructions</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/2-limit">2-limit</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/adjoint+%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-functor">(∞,1)-adjunction</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-Kan+extension">(∞,1)-Kan extension</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/limit+in+a+quasi-category">(∞,1)-limit</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-Grothendieck+construction">(∞,1)-Grothendieck construction</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="extra_properties_and_structure">Extra properties and structure</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/cosmic+cube">cosmic cube</a> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/k-tuply+monoidal+n-category">k-tuply monoidal n-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/strict+%E2%88%9E-category">strict ∞-category</a>, <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/strict+%E2%88%9E-groupoid">strict ∞-groupoid</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/stable+%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-category">stable (∞,1)-category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C1%29-topos">(∞,1)-topos</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="1categorical_presentations">1-categorical presentations</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/homotopical+category">homotopical category</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/model+category">model category theory</a></li> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/enriched+category+theory">enriched category theory</a></li> </ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <h1 id="contents">Contents</h1> <div class='maruku_toc'> <ul> <li><a href='#in_the_definition_of_categories'>In the definition of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n,r)</annotation></semantics></math>-categories</a></li> <ul> <li><a href='#semiformal_definition'>Semi-formal Definition</a></li> </ul> <li><a href='#examples'>Examples</a></li> <ul> <li><a href='#warning'>Warning</a></li> </ul> <li><a href='#monoidal_categories'>Monoidal categories</a></li> <ul> <li><a href='#QuasiCategories'>Quasi-categories</a></li> <li><a href='#trimble_categories'>Trimble <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega</annotation></semantics></math>-categories</a></li> <li><a href='#groupoids'><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math>-Groupoids</a></li> </ul> <li><a href='#for_other_algebraic_structures'>For other algebraic structures</a></li> <li><a href='#related_concepts'>Related concepts</a></li> <li><a href='#references'>References</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="in_the_definition_of_categories">In the definition of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n,r)</annotation></semantics></math>-categories</h2> <p>In the definition of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28n%2Cr%29-categories">(n,r)-categories</a> in <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/higher+category+theory">higher category theory</a> the <strong>coherence laws</strong> assert that:</p> <div class="num_defn"> <h6 id="semiformal_definition">Semi-formal Definition</h6> <p><strong>(Coherence)</strong></p> <p>While <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associativity">associativity</a> and <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/uniticity">uniticity</a> of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/composition">composition</a> of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/k-morphism">k-morphism</a>s holds only up to choices of higher morphisms, <strong>coherence</strong> is the demand that the collection of these choices forms a <em><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/contractible">contractible</a></em> <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-groupoid">∞-groupoid</a>.</p> <p>A <strong><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/coherence+theorem">coherence theorem</a></strong> is an assertion that with a given definition of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-category">n-category</a>-structure, coherence is satisfied.</p> </div> <div class="num_remark"> <h6 id="remark">Remark</h6> <p>It is the fact that this condition makes recourse among all <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28n%2Cr%29-categories">(n,r)-categories</a> to <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2C0%29-categories">(∞,0)-categories</a> = <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-groupoid">∞-groupoid</a>s that it is easier to define and handle an <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2Cn%29-category">(∞,r)-category</a> than an <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28n%2Cr%29-category">(n,r)-category</a> for finite <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math>: in the former case one just needs that certain spaces are <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/contractible">contractible</a> without necessarily being <em>equal</em> to the point, while in the latter case one demands some of these to be exactly <em>equal</em> to the point, which is a condition much harder to get under control. Accordingly, a <em>coherence law</em> in an <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28n%2Cn%29-category">(n,n)-category</a> such as a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/bicategory">bicategory</a> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n = 2</annotation></semantics></math>) or a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/tricategory">tricategory</a> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n=3</annotation></semantics></math>) or a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/tetracategory">tetracategory</a> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n = 4</annotation></semantics></math>) is in degree <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n+1</annotation></semantics></math> a complicated <em>equation</em> that asserts that a certain contractible space of higher morphisms is exactly equal to the point.</p> </div> <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> <p>We start the list of examples with a warning on how not to misunderstand the above definition.</p> <div class="num_remark"> <h6 id="warning">Warning</h6> <p>The demand for contractible spaces of choices of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associator">associator</a>s and <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/unitor">unitor</a>s is not to be confused with asserting contractible <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/hom-space">hom-space</a>s in general (which would make the theory of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n,r)</annotation></semantics></math>-categories trivial, anyway!)</p> <p>For instance in a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/braided+monoidal+category">braided monoidal category</a> there is, in general, a non-contractible space of morphisms <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x \otimes y \to x \otimes y</annotation></semantics></math> for any two objects, because the double braiding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∘</mo><msub><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_{y \otimes x}\circ B_{x \otimes y}</annotation></semantics></math> will not in general be equal to the identity morphism. But the braiding morphisms also is not the kind of structural morphism that the above definition refers to. In the definition of braided monoidal category it may look as if it is on par with the <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associator">associator</a>, but this is in fact not so:</p> <p>in the context of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n,r)</annotation></semantics></math>-categories we may use the <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/periodic+table+of+higher+categories">periodic table of higher categories</a> to identify the braided monoidal category with a one-object-one-morphism <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/3-category">3-category</a>. In this, the non-trivial double braiding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∘</mo><msub><mi>B</mi> <mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>⊗</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">B_{y \otimes x}\circ B_{x \otimes y}</annotation></semantics></math> is a nontrivial <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/3-morphism">3-morphism</a> that represents a nontrivial element of the 3rd <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/homotopy+group">homotopy group</a> of the 3-category. Demanding this to be trivial would be demanding the 3-category to be trivial!</p> <p>But the role of the associator, which now is a 3-morphism witnessing the non-associativity of 2-morphisms under <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/horizontal+composition">horizontal composition</a> is quite different. This is best seen by looking at a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/geometric+definition+of+higher+categories">geometric definition of higher categories</a>, such as an <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%28%E2%88%9E%2Cn%29-category">(∞,n)-category</a> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n = 3</annotation></semantics></math>: here the associator is a <em>choice</em> of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/horn">horn</a>-filler, and this choice by construction happens in a contractible space and by construction cannot contain nontrivial cells like the double braiding. This is also amplified by the following example</p> </div> <h3 id="monoidal_categories">Monoidal categories</h3> <div class="num_example"> <h6 id="example">Example</h6> <p><strong>(monoidal categories)</strong></p> <p>The <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/coherence+theorem+for+monoidal+categories">coherence theorem for monoidal categories</a> asserts that with the standard definition of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/monoidal+category">monoidal category</a>, there is a unique composite of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associators">associators</a> that re-bracket any sequence of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/tensor+product">tensor product</a>s.</p> </div> <h3 id="QuasiCategories">Quasi-categories</h3> <div class="num_example" id="CoherenceForQuasiCategories"> <h6 id="example_2">Example</h6> <p><strong>(quasi-categories)</strong></p> <p>For <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">C</annotation></semantics></math> a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/simplicial+set">simplicial set</a> that is a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/quasi-category">quasi-category</a> we have (as discussed there) that the canonical morphism</p> <div class="maruku-equation"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>sSet</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Δ</mi><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>→</mo><mi>sSet</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>Λ</mi> <mn>1</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>C</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex"> sSet(\Delta[2], C) \to sSet(\Lambda^1[2], C) </annotation></semantics></math></div> <p>is an acyclic <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Kan+fibration">Kan fibration</a>. This means that its <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/fiber">fiber</a>s are <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/contractible">contractible</a> <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/%E2%88%9E-groupoid">∞-groupoid</a>s. But these fibers are exactly the spaces whose points are choices of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/composition">composition</a> rules, whose morphisms are comparison maps between these, and so on.</p> <p>Therefore the contractibility of these fibers is the <em>coherence</em> of the <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associators">associators</a> for the quasi-category.</p> </div> <h3 id="trimble_categories">Trimble <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega</annotation></semantics></math>-categories</h3> <div class="num_example"> <h6 id="example_3">Example</h6> <p><strong>(Trimble <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\omega</annotation></semantics></math>-categories)</strong></p> <p>In a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Trimble+n-category">Trimble n-category</a> the space of choices of composing a sequence of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math> morphisms is explicitly the <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/topological+space">topological space</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Top</mi> <mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>I</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>I</mi> <mrow><mo>∨</mo><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Top_{0,1}(I, I^{\vee n})</annotation></semantics></math> of surjections from the unit interval <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[0,1]</annotation></semantics></math> onto the length <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math>-interval <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[0,n]</annotation></semantics></math>. The coherence law of composition in a Trimble <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math>-category is the fact that these spaces are <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/contractible">contractible</a>.</p> </div> <h3 id="groupoids"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</annotation></semantics></math>-Groupoids</h3> <div class="num_example"> <h6 id="example_4">Example</h6> <p>In an <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/n-groupoid">n-groupoid</a> modeled as a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n+1)</annotation></semantics></math>-<a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/coskeletal">coskeletal</a> <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Kan+complex">Kan complex</a>, the coherence law is the condition that every <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n+1)</annotation></semantics></math>-sphere <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo>∂</mo><msup><mi>Δ</mi> <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\partial \Delta^{n+1}</annotation></semantics></math> has a <em>unique</em> filler. This says that the corresponding space of choices is a point.</p> <p>More generally, for a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/homotopy+n-type">homotopy n-type</a> modeled as a <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Kan+complex">Kan complex</a>, the coherence law is just that all these sphere fillers exist, which only says that there is a contractible space of choices.</p> </div> <h2 id="for_other_algebraic_structures">For other algebraic structures</h2> <p>One can consider coherence laws for algebraic structures other than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" class="maruku-mathml"><semantics><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(n,r)</annotation></semantics></math>-categories. See <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/coherence+theorem">coherence theorem</a> for more.</p> <h2 id="related_concepts">Related concepts</h2> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/rectification">rectification</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <p>The coherence law of <a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/associativity">associativity</a> is stated in</p> <ul> <li><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Hermann+Grassmann">Hermann Grassmann</a>, §3 of <em><a class="existingWikiWord" href="/nlab/show/Ausdehnungslehre">Ausdehnungslehre</a></em>, 1844</li> </ul> </body></html> </div> <div class="revisedby"> <p> Last revised on December 12, 2022 at 09:24:53. 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