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Calendari rúnic - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calendari rúnic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 24 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABnst%C3%A6fisc_ger%C4%ABmb%C5%8Dc" title="Rūnstæfisc gerīmbōc - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rūnstæfisc gerīmbōc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendariu_r%C3%BAnicu" title="Calendariu rúnicu - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Calendariu rúnicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalenderstab" title="Kalenderstab - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalenderstab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Runic calendar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_r%C3%BAnico" title="Calendario rúnico - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calendario rúnico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirvikalender" title="Sirvikalender - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sirvikalender" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riimusauva" title="Riimusauva - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riimusauva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirvikallendri" title="Sirvikallendri - Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sirvikallendri" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendari_runic" title="Calendari runic - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Calendari runic" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_r%C3%BAnico" title="Calendario rúnico - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Calendario rúnico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendario_runico" title="Calendario runico - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calendario runico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetiandro_ronika" title="Tetiandro ronika - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tetiandro ronika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рунски календар - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рунски календар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primstav" title="Primstav - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Primstav" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primstav" title="Primstav - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Primstav" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_r%C3%BAnico" title="Calendário rúnico - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calendário rúnico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Рунический календарь - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рунический календарь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runski_kalendar" title="Runski kalendar - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Runski kalendar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Runic calendar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runski_koledar" title="Runski koledar - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Runski koledar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рунски календар - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рунски календар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runstav" title="Runstav - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Runstav" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="ரூனிக் நாட்காட்டி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரூனிக் நாட்காட்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Calendari+r%C3%BAnic"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Calendari_r%C3%BAnic&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calendari_r%C3%BAnic&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Runic_calendars" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q947787" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Primstav.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Primstav.jpg/220px-Primstav.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Primstav.jpg/330px-Primstav.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Primstav.jpg/440px-Primstav.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="124" /></a><figcaption>Bastó rúnic</figcaption></figure> <p>Els <b>calendaris rúnics</b> (o bastons rúnics) van ser presumptament una invenció <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">sueca</a>. Eren escrits en <a href="/wiki/Pergam%C3%AD" title="Pergamí">pergamins</a> o tallats en bàculs de fusta, os o banya. El calendari rúnic és un <a href="/wiki/Calendari_perpetu" title="Calendari perpetu">calendari perpetu</a> basat en el <a href="/wiki/Cicle_met%C3%B2nic" title="Cicle metònic">cicle metònic</a>. </p><p>Cadascun dels 19 anys del cicle es representa amb un <a href="/wiki/Nombre_auri_(astronomia)" title="Nombre auri (astronomia)">nombre auri</a> o una de les 16 runes del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Runa_(escriptura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Runa (escriptura) (encara no existeix)">Futhark</a> més tres runes addicionals especials: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arlaug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arlaug (encara no existeix)">Arlaug</a> (nombre auri 17), Tvimadur (nombre auri 18) i Belgthor (nombre auri 19). </p><p>Els dies de l'any es presenten en una llarga línia usant 52 repeticions de les primeres set runes del <i>Futhark</i> per representar 52 setmanes de 7 dies cadascuna. En una segona línia, una de les 19 runes representa cada any del cicle i marca la data, indicant que la lluna nova cau en aquesta data d'aquest any. Per exemple, en el divuitè any del cicle, les llunes noves caurien en les dates marcades amb <i>Tvimadur</i>, el símbol de l'any 18. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Solstici" title="Solstici">Solsticis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equinocci" title="Equinocci">equinoccis</a> i celebracions (i eventualment festes <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">Cristianes</a>) amb línies i símbols addicionals. L'almanac conegut més antic, el bastó <a href="/wiki/Nyk%C3%B6ping" title="Nyköping">Nyköping</a>, ha estat datat del <a href="/wiki/Segle_XIII" title="Segle XIII">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xiii</span></a>, però diversos centenars de calendaris de fusta estan localitzats entre els segles <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvi</span> i <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xvii</span>. </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐648bd44df8‐qwjjx Cached time: 20241116011420 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.011 seconds Real time usage: 0.018 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 45/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 784/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 21/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 4.762 1 -total 94.00% 4.476 1 Plantilla:Segle 36.89% 1.757 3 Plantilla:Romanes --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key cawiki:pcache:idhash:194287-0!canonical and timestamp 20241116011420 and revision id 32657288. 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