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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Physical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aboriginal_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aboriginal_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aboriginal people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aboriginal_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_arrival_and_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_arrival_and_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>European arrival and governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_arrival_and_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Black_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Black War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Removal_of_Aboriginal_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Removal_of_Aboriginal_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Removal of Aboriginal people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Removal_of_Aboriginal_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proclamation_as_a_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proclamation_as_a_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Proclamation as a colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proclamation_as_a_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>Federation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_and_21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_and_21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>20th and 21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_and_21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bush_tucker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bush_tucker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Bush tucker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bush_tucker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mycology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mycology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Mycology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mycology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ancestry and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Music and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Higher Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.9</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perception_within_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perception_within_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10</span> <span>Perception within Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perception_within_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stereotypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stereotypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.10.1</span> <span>Stereotypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stereotypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antarctica_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antarctica_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Antarctica base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antarctica_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Shipping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tasmania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">138 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmani%C3%AB" title="Tasmanië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tasmanië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%9D%E1%88%9C%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ታዝሜኒያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታዝሜኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تسمانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya" title="Tasmaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tasmaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تاسمانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاسمانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="তাসমানিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাসমানিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тасманія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тасманія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тасманія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тасманія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तस्मानिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तस्मानिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐ་སི་མ་ནི་ཡཱ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐ་སི་མ་ནི་ཡཱ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija" title="Tasmanija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tasmanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasm%C3%A0nia" title="Tasmània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tasmània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Tasmania" title="State of Tasmania – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasm%C3%A1nie" title="Tasmánie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tasmánie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="طازمانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طازمانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaania" title="Tasmaania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tasmaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τασμανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τασμανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanio" title="Tasmanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tasmanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="تاسمانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاسمانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanie" title="Tasmanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tasmanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaanje" title="Tasmaanje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tasmaanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tasm%C3%A1in" title="An Tasmáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tasmáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Tasmaan" title="Yn Tasmaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Tasmaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilean_Thasman" title="Eilean Thasman – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eilean Thasman" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EC%A6%88%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="태즈메이니아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태즈메이니아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakamania" title="Kakamania – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kakamania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Թասմանիա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թասմանիա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="टैज़मेनिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टैज़मेनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija" title="Tasmanija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tasmanija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тасмани – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тасмани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman%C3%ADa" title="Tasmanía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tasmanía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="טסמניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טסמניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಟ್ಯಾಸ್ಮೆನಿಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟ್ಯಾಸ್ಮೆನಿಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტასმანიის შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტასმანიის შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тасмани – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Тасмани" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija" title="Tasmanija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tasmanija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija" title="Tasmanija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tasmanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmani%C3%AB" title="Tasmanië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tasmanië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тасманија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тасманија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ടാസ്മേനിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാസ്മേനിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81himania" title="Tāhimania – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāhimania" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="टास्मानिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टास्मानिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტასმანიაშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტასმანიაშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تسمانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تسمانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="تاسمانی جزیره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تاسمانی جزیره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Тасмани – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тасмани" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="တက်စမေးနီးယားကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တက်စမေးနီးယားကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasimenia" title="Tasimenia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Tasimenia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmani%C3%AB" title="Tasmanië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tasmanië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="तस्मानिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तस्मानिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="タスマニア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タスマニア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaanien" title="Tasmaanien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tasmaanien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmainya" title="Tasmainya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Tasmainya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ଟାସମାନିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟାସମାନିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya" title="Tasmaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tasmaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਤਸਮਾਨੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਸਮਾਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تسمانیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تسمانیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="تاسماني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تاسماني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmenia" title="Tasmenia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tasmenia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasm%C3%A2nia" title="Tasmânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tasmânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasimania" title="Tasimania – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tasimania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasm%C3%A0nia" title="Tasmània – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tasmània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmainie" title="Tasmainie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tasmainie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ටැස්මේනියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටැස්මේනියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تسمانيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تسمانيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasm%C3%A1nia" title="Tasmánia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tasmánia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanija" title="Tasmanija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tasmanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasma%C5%84ijo" title="Tasmańijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tasmańijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmaniya" title="Tasmaniya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tasmaniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تاسمانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاسمانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тасманија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тасманија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanien" title="Tasmanien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tasmanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="தசுமேனியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தசுமேனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanya" title="Tasmanya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasmanya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тасмания – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тасмания" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐแทสเมเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐแทสเมเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasimania" title="Tasimania – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Tasimania" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazmanya" title="Tazmanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tazmanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тасманія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тасманія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تسمانیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تسمانیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmani%C3%AB" title="Tasmanië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tasmanië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tasmania" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="塔斯马尼亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔斯马尼亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="טאסמאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאסמאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="塔斯曼尼亞州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔斯曼尼亞州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazmanya" title="Tazmanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tazmanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="塔斯馬尼亞州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔斯馬尼亞州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34366#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tasmania&params=42_S_147_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-TAS_dim:300000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°S</span> <span class="longitude">147°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42°S 147°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-42; 147</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Australia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tasmania_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tasmania (disambiguation)">Tasmania (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tassie" redirects here. For people with this surname, see <a href="/wiki/Tassie_(surname)" title="Tassie (surname)">Tassie (surname)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tasmannia" title="Tasmannia">Tasmannia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tasmania</div><div class="ib-pol-div-native nickname"><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">lutruwita</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">palawa kani</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tasmania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Tasmania"><img alt="Flag of Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/130px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/195px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/260px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tasmania" title="Flag of Tasmania">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Tasmania"><img alt="Official seal of Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg/195px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="2529" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Tasmania" title="Coat of arms of Tasmania">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Nickname(s)</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tassie</li><li>The Apple Isle</li><li>The Holiday Isle</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-motto nickname"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ubertas et Fidelitas</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">Fertility and Faithfulness</span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 72%; top: 35.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">QLD</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 74.6%; top: 60%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 67.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 45.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">WA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 47.9%; top: 30.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50.9%; top: 55%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">SA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 70.9%; top: 75.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">VIC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 77%; top: 89%; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">TAS</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania_in_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States and territories of Australia"><img alt="States and territories of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tasmania_in_Australia.svg/300px-Tasmania_in_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tasmania_in_Australia.svg/450px-Tasmania_in_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Tasmania_in_Australia.svg/600px-Tasmania_in_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1846" /></a></span></div></div> </div></div><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Tasmania in Australia<br />Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tasmania&params=42_S_147_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-TAS_dim:300000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°S</span> <span class="longitude">147°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42°S 147°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-42; 147</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Australia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before federation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Colony of Tasmania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1901</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tasmania&params=42_52_50_S_147_19_30_E_type:city_region:AU-TAS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°52′50″S</span> <span class="longitude">147°19′30″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.88056°S 147.32500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-42.88056; 147.32500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administration</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">29 local government areas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Tasmanian</li><li>Taswegian (colloquial)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>Vandemonian (humorous)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Baker" title="Barbara Baker">Barbara Baker</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Tasmania" title="Premier of Tasmania">Premier</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Rockliff" title="Jeremy Rockliff">Jeremy Rockliff</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Tasmanian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division)">Liberal</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tasmania" title="Parliament of Tasmania">Parliament of Tasmania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Legislative_Council" title="Tasmanian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_House_of_Assembly" title="Tasmanian House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judiciary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Tasmania" title="Supreme Court of Tasmania">Supreme Court of Tasmania</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_senators_from_Tasmania" title="List of senators from Tasmania">12 senators</a> (of 76)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Australia)">House of Representatives</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 seats (of 151)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">68,402 km<sup>2</sup> (26,410 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Ossa_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Ossa (Tasmania)">Mount Ossa</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,617 m (5,305 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• March 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 571,165<sup id="cite_ref-ABSPop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.9/km<sup>2</sup> (23.1/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">GSP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2020 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> AU$32.102 billion<sup id="cite_ref-gspref_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gspref-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> AU$59,779 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2016)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">44.8<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_income_equality" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by income equality">3rd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.921<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Australian states and territories by Human Development Index">8th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B10:00" title="UTC+10:00">UTC+10:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Standard Time">AEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B11:00" title="UTC+11:00">UTC+11:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Eastern Daylight Time">AEDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_Australia#Allocation" title="Postcodes in Australia">Postal abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">TAS</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AU" title="ISO 3166-2:AU">AU-TAS</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yellow_wattlebird" title="Yellow wattlebird">Yellow wattlebird</a> (unofficial)<br />(<i>Anthochaera paradoxa</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-StateEmblems_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StateEmblems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_globulus" title="Eucalyptus globulus">Tasmanian blue gum</a><br />(<i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mammal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a><br />(<i>Sarcophilus harrisii</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-faunaemb_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faunaemb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eucryphia_lucida" title="Eucryphia lucida">Leatherwood</a> (unofficial)<br />(<i>Eucryphia lucida</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Bottle Green</i> (PMS 342), <i>Yellow</i> (PMS 114), & <i>Maroon</i> (PMS 194)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;height:1.75em"><td style="background: #006747; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #f7e34a; font-size:50%;"> </td> <td style="background: #991f36; font-size:50%;"> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mineral</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crocoite" title="Crocoite">Crocoite</a><br />(<i>PbCrO<sub>4</sub></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tas.gov.au">tas<wbr />.gov<wbr />.au</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg/220px-Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg/330px-Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg/440px-Tasmania.A2005320.2355.250m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tasmania from space</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tasmania</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">palawa kani</a>: <i>lutruwita</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an island <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is located 240 kilometres (150 miles) to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australian mainland</a>, and is separated from it by the <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area#Islands" title="List of islands by area">26th-largest island in the world</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Tasmania" title="List of islands of Tasmania">surrounding 1000 islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is Australia's smallest and least populous state, with 573,479 residents as of June 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" title="List of Australian capital cities">state capital</a> and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, with around 40% of the population living in the Greater Hobart area.<sup id="cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSCapitalPop2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania is the most decentralised state in Australia, with the lowest proportion of its residents living within its capital city.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmania's main island was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal Tasmanians</a> became separated from the mainland Aboriginal groups about 11,700 years ago, after rising sea levels formed <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nma2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nma2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was permanently settled by Europeans in 1803 as a <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal settlement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> to prevent claims to the land by the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aboriginal population is estimated to have been between 3,000 and 7,000 at the time of British settlement, but was almost wiped out within 30 years during a period of conflicts with settlers known as the "<a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a>" and the spread of <a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">infectious diseases</a>. The conflict, which peaked between 1825 and 1831 and led to more than three years of martial law, cost the lives of almost 1,100 Aboriginal people and settlers. </p><p>Under British rule, the island was initially part of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_New_South_Wales" title="Colony of New South Wales">Colony of New South Wales</a>; however, it became a separate colony under the name <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land" title="Van Diemen's Land">Van Diemen's Land</a> (named after <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Diemen" title="Anthony van Diemen">Anthony van Diemen</a>) in 1825.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 80,000 <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convicts</a> were sent to Van Diemen's Land before this practice, known as <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transportation</a>, ceased in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1855, the present Constitution of Tasmania was enacted, and the following year the colony formally changed its name to Tasmania. In 1901, it became a <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> of Australia through the process of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation of Australia</a>. </p><p>Today, Tasmania has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">second smallest economy of the Australian states and territories</a>, and comprises principally tourism, agriculture, aquaculture, education, and healthcare.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania is a significant agricultural exporter, as well as a significant destination for eco-tourism. About 42% of its land area, including <a href="/wiki/National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks">national parks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Wilderness">World Heritage Sites</a> (21%), is protected in some form of reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Tasmania_Group" title="United Tasmania Group">first environmental political party</a> in the world was founded in Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy"><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span>Toponymy</h2></div> <p>Tasmania is named after <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> <a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">explorer</a> <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>, who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. Tasman named the island <b>Anthony van Diemen's Land</b> after his sponsor <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Diemen" title="Anthony van Diemen">Anthony van Diemen</a>, the Governor of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. The name was later shortened to <b>Van Diemen's Land</b> by the British. It was officially renamed <b>Tasmania</b> in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmania was sometimes referred to as "Dervon", as mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Jerilderie_Letter" title="Jerilderie Letter">Jerilderie Letter</a> written by the notorious Australian <a href="/wiki/Bushranger" title="Bushranger">bushranger</a> <a href="/wiki/Ned_Kelly" title="Ned Kelly">Ned Kelly</a> in 1879. The colloquial expression for the state is "Tassie". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to "Tas", mainly when used in business names and website addresses. TAS is also the <a href="/wiki/Australian_postal_abbreviations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian postal abbreviations">Australia Post abbreviation</a> for the state. </p><p>In the constructed <a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">palawa kani</a> language, the main island of Tasmania is called <b>lutruwita</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a name originally derived from the <a href="/wiki/Bruny_Island_Tasmanian_language" title="Bruny Island Tasmanian language">Bruny Island Tasmanian language</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Robinson" title="George Augustus Robinson">George Augustus Robinson</a> recorded it as <i>Loe.trou.witter</i> and also as <i>Trow.wer.nar</i>, probably from one or more of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Eastern Tasmanian languages">eastern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northeastern Tasmanian languages">Northeastern Tasmanian languages</a>. However, he also recorded it as a name for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Barren_Island" title="Cape Barren Island">Cape Barren Island</a>. In the 20th century, some writers used it as an Aboriginal name for Tasmania, spelled "Trowenna" or "Trowunna". It is now believed that the name is more properly applied to Cape Barren Island,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has had an official <a href="/wiki/Dual_naming" title="Dual naming">dual name</a> of "Truwana" since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of <a href="/wiki/Palawa_kani" title="Palawa kani">palawa kani</a> names, based on historical records of aboriginal names, have been accepted by the Tasmanian government. A dozen of these (below) are 'dual-use' (bilingual) names, and another two are unbounded areas with only palawa names.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Bilingual names</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul><li>kanamaluka / <a href="/wiki/Tamar_River" title="Tamar River">Tamar River</a></li> <li>kunanyi / <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wellington_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Wellington (Tasmania)">Mount Wellington</a></li> <li>laraturunawn / Sundown Point</li> <li>nungu / West Point</li> <li>pinmatik / <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Cape,_Tasmania" title="Rocky Cape, Tasmania">Rocky Cape</a></li> <li>takayna / <a href="/wiki/The_Tarkine" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tarkine">The Tarkine</a></li> <li>taypalaka / <a href="/wiki/Green_Point,_Tasmania" title="Green Point, Tasmania">Green Point</a></li> <li>titima / <a href="/wiki/Trefoil_Island" title="Trefoil Island">Trefoil Island</a></li> <li>truwana / <a href="/wiki/Cape_Barren_Island" title="Cape Barren Island">Cape Barren Island</a></li> <li>wukalina / <a href="/wiki/Mount_William_National_Park" title="Mount William National Park">Mount William</a></li> <li>yingina / <a href="/wiki/Great_Lake_(Tasmania)" title="Great Lake (Tasmania)">Great Lake</a></li></ul></div> <dl><dt>Palawa names</dt></dl> <ul><li>larapuna: an unbounded area centred on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fires" title="Bay of Fires">Bay of Fires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narawntapu_National_Park" title="Narawntapu National Park">Narawntapu National Park</a> (formerly Asbestos Range National Park)</li> <li>putalina: an unbounded area centred on Oyster Cove (including the community of <a href="/wiki/Oyster_Cove,_Tasmania" title="Oyster Cove, Tasmania">Oyster Cove</a>)</li></ul> <p>There are also a number of archaeological sites with Palawa names. Some of these names have been contentious, with names being proposed without consultation with the aboriginal community, or without having a connection to the place in question.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as a diverse First Nations geography, where remnants are preserved in rough form by European documentation, Tasmania is known as a place for <a href="/wiki/Place_names_considered_unusual" title="Place names considered unusual">unorthodox place-names</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These names often come about from lost definitions, where descriptive names have lost their old meanings and have taken on new modern interpretations (e.g. 'Bobs Knobs'). Other names have retained their original meaning, and are often quaint or endearing descriptions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Tasmania" title="Paradise, Tasmania">'Paradise'</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Tasmania" title="History of Tasmania">History of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png/220px-Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png/330px-Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png/440px-Tasmania_simple_geology_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the general geological surface features of Tasmania. Note the extent of <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">dolerite</a>, and the mosaics in the west.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_history">Physical history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Tasmania" title="Geology of Tasmania">Geology of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg/220px-Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg/330px-Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg/440px-Tessellated_Pavement_Sunrise_Landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3587" data-file-height="2391" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tessellated_pavement" title="Tessellated pavement">Tessellated pavement</a>, a rare rock formation on the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Peninsula" title="Tasman Peninsula">Tasman Peninsula</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a> about 11,700 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-nma2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nma2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the island is composed of <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">dolerite</a> intrusions (the upwelling of <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a>) through other rock types, sometimes forming large columnar joints. Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with many distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this rock type. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Plateau_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Plateau (Tasmania)">central plateau</a> and the southeast portions of the island are mostly dolerites. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wellington_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Wellington (Tasmania)">Mount Wellington</a> above <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> is a good example, showing distinct columns known as the Organ Pipes. </p><p>In the southern midlands as far south as Hobart, the dolerite is underlaid by <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> and similar sedimentary stones. In the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzites</a> were formed from very ancient sea sediments and form strikingly sharp ridges and ranges, such as Federation Peak or <a href="/wiki/Frenchmans_Cap,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Frenchmans Cap, Tasmania">Frenchmans Cap</a>. </p><p>In the northeast and east, continental <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a> can be seen, such as at Freycinet, similar to coastal granites on mainland Australia. In the northwest and west, mineral-rich volcanic rock can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Read_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Read (Tasmania)">Mount Read</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rosebery,_Tasmania" title="Rosebery, Tasmania">Rosebery</a>, or at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lyell,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lyell, Tasmania">Mount Lyell</a> near <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_Tasmania" title="Queenstown, Tasmania">Queenstown</a>. Also present in the south and northwest is <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> with caves. </p><p>The quartzite and dolerite areas in the higher mountains show evidence of <a href="/wiki/Glaciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaciation">glaciation</a>, and much of Australia's glaciated landscape is found on the Central Plateau and the Southwest. <a href="/wiki/Cradle_Mountain" title="Cradle Mountain">Cradle Mountain</a>, another dolerite peak, for example, was a <a href="/wiki/Nunatak" title="Nunatak">nunatak</a>. The combination of these different rock types contributes to scenery which is distinct from any other region of the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the far southwest corner of the state, the geology is almost wholly quartzite, which gives the mountains the false impression of having snow-capped peaks year round. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aboriginal_people">Aboriginal people</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal Tasmanians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terre_de_Diemen,_navigation,_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg/220px-Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg/330px-Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg/440px-Terre_de_Diemen%2C_navigation%2C_vue_de_la_cote_orientale_de_l%27Ile_Schouten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>1807 engraving by French explorer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a> shows seafaring Aboriginal people and a large canoe on the eastern shore of <a href="/wiki/Schouten_Island" title="Schouten Island">Schouten Island</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence indicates the presence of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal people</a> in Tasmania about 42,000 years ago. <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Rising sea levels</a> cut Tasmania off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago and by the time of European contact, the Aboriginal people in Tasmania had nine major nations or ethnic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-ryan1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryan1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803, the indigenous population was estimated at between 3,000 and 10,000. </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Ryan" title="Lyndall Ryan">Lyndall Ryan's</a> analysis of population studies led her to conclude that there were about 7,000 spread throughout the island's nine nations;<sup id="cite_ref-lyndall_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lyndall-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicholas Clements, citing research by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Plomley" title="Brian Plomley">N.J.B. Plomley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Jones_(archaeologist)" title="Rhys Jones (archaeologist)">Rhys Jones</a>, settled on a figure of 3,000 to 4,000.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They engaged in <a href="/wiki/Fire-stick_farming" title="Fire-stick farming">fire-stick farming</a>, hunted game including <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wallaby" title="Wallaby">wallabies</a>, caught seals, mutton-birds, shellfish and fish and lived as nine separate "nations" on the island, which they knew as "Trouwunna". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_arrival_and_governance">European arrival and governance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Abel_Tasman_Navigateur_en_Australie_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Tasmania is named after Dutch explorer <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>, the first European to sight the island, in 1642.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European</a> was on 24 November 1642 by Dutch explorer <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>, who landed at today's <a href="/wiki/Blackman_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Blackman Bay, Tasmania">Blackman Bay</a>. More than a century later, in 1772, a French expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Marc-Joseph_Marion_du_Fresne" title="Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne">Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne</a> landed at (nearby but different) <a href="/wiki/Blackmans_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Blackmans Bay, Tasmania">Blackmans Bay</a>, and the following year <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Tobias Furneaux</a> became the first Englishman to land in Tasmania when he arrived at <a href="/wiki/Adventure_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Adventure Bay, Tasmania">Adventure Bay</a>, which he named after his ship <a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a>. Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> also landed at <a href="/wiki/Adventure_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Adventure Bay, Tasmania">Adventure Bay</a> in 1777. <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Bass" title="George Bass">George Bass</a> sailed through <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> in 1798–1799, determining for the first time that Tasmania was an island.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes121_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sealers and whalers based themselves on Tasmania's islands from 1798,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in August 1803 <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">Philip King</a> sent Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/John_Bowen_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Bowen (Royal Navy officer)">John Bowen</a> to establish a small military outpost on the eastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/River_Derwent_(Tasmania)" title="River Derwent (Tasmania)">Derwent River</a> in order to forestall any claims to the island by French explorers who had been exploring the southern Australian coastline. Bowen, who led a party of 49, including 21 male and three female convicts, named the camp Risdon.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes121_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-John_Glover_-_Mount_Wellington_and_Hobart_Town_from_Kangaroo_Point_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5191" data-file-height="2563" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(artist)" title="John Glover (artist)">John Glover</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Wellington_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Wellington (Tasmania)">Mount Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, 1834</figcaption></figure> <p>Several months later, a second settlement was established by Captain <a href="/wiki/David_Collins_(lieutenant_governor)" title="David Collins (lieutenant governor)">David Collins</a>, with 308 convicts, 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) to the south in <a href="/wiki/Sullivans_Cove" title="Sullivans Cove">Sullivans Cove</a> on the western side of the Derwent, where fresh water was more plentiful. The latter settlement became known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, later shortened to <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">British Colonial Secretary</a> of the time, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Hobart" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Hobart">Lord Hobart</a>. The settlement at Risdon was later abandoned. Left on their own without further supplies, the Sullivans Cove settlement suffered severe food shortages and by 1806 its inhabitants were starving, with many resorting to scraping seaweed off rocks and scavenging washed-up whale blubber from the shore to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes121_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A smaller colony was established at Port Dalrymple on the Tamar River in the island's north in October 1804 and several other convict-based settlements were established, including the particularly harsh <a href="/wiki/Penal_colony" title="Penal colony">penal colonies</a> at <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a> in the southeast and <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Harbour" title="Macquarie Harbour">Macquarie Harbour</a> on the West Coast. Tasmania was eventually sent 75,000 convicts—four out of every ten people transported to Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes121_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1819, the Aboriginal and British population reached parity with about 5000 of each, although among the colonists men outnumbered women four-to-one.<sup id="cite_ref-parity_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parity-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free settlers began arriving in large numbers from 1820, lured by the promise of land grants and free convict labour. Settlement in the island's northwest corner was monopolised by the <a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_Company" title="Van Diemen's Land Company">Van Diemen's Land Company</a>, which sent its first surveyors to the district in 1826. By 1830, one-third of Australia's non-Indigenous population lived in Van Diemen's Land and the island accounted for about half of all land under cultivation and exports.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Black_War">Black War</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy,_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal,_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Benjamin_Duterrau_-_Timmy%2C_a_Tasmanian_Aboriginal%2C_throwing_a_spear_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3019" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Painting of a Tasmanian Aboriginal throwing a spear, 1838</figcaption></figure> <p>Tensions between Tasmania's Aboriginal and white inhabitants rose, partly driven by increasing competition for kangaroo and other game.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Explorer and naval officer <a href="/wiki/John_Oxley" title="John Oxley">John Oxley</a> in 1810 noted the "many atrocious cruelties" inflicted on Aboriginal people by convict <a href="/wiki/Bushranger" title="Bushranger">bushrangers</a> in the north, which in turn led to black attacks on solitary white hunters.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hostilities increased further with the arrival of 600 colonists from <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> between 1807 and 1813. They established farms along the River Derwent and east and west of <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a>, occupying ten percent of Van Diemen's Land. By 1824 the colonial population had swelled to 12,600, while the island's sheep population had reached 200,000. The rapid colonisation transformed traditional kangaroo hunting grounds into farms with grazing livestock as well as fences, hedges and stone walls, while police and military patrols were increased to control the convict farm labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Violence began to spiral rapidly from the mid-1820s in what became described as the "<a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aboriginal inhabitants were driven to desperation by hunger – that included a desire for agricultural produce, as well as feeling anger at the prevalence of abductions of women and girls. New settlers motivated by fear carried out self-defence operations as well as attacks as a means of suppressing the native threat – or even in some cases, exacting revenge.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Van Diemen's Land had an enormous gender imbalance, with male colonists outnumbering females six to one in 1822—and 16 to one among the convict population. Historian Nicholas Clements has suggested the "voracious appetite" for native women was the most important trigger for the explosion of violence from the late 1820s.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1825 to 1828, the number of native attacks more than doubled each year, raising panic among settlers. Over the summer of 1826–1827 clans from the Big River, Oyster Bay and North Midlands nations speared stock-keepers on farms and made it clear that they wanted the settlers and their sheep and cattle to move from their kangaroo hunting grounds. Settlers responded vigorously, resulting in many mass-killings. In November 1826, Governor <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Arthur,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Arthur, 1st Baronet">Sir George Arthur</a> issued a government notice declaring that colonists were free to kill Aboriginal people when they attacked settlers or their property, and in the following eight months more than 200 Aboriginal people were killed in the Settled Districts in reprisal for the deaths of 15 colonists. After another eight months, the death toll had risen to 43 colonists and probably 350 Aboriginal people.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1828, Arthur issued a <a href="/wiki/1828_Proclamation_of_Demarcation" title="1828 Proclamation of Demarcation">Proclamation of Demarcation</a> forbidding Aboriginal people to enter the settled districts without a passport issued by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll2014_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll2014-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morgan2003_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan2003-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arthur declared <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> in the colony in November that year, and this remained in force for over three years, the longest period of martial law in Australian history.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1830, Arthur organised the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Black_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Line">Black Line</a>", ordering every able-bodied male colonist to assemble at one of seven designated places in the Settled Districts to join a massive drive to sweep Aboriginal people out of the region and on to the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Peninsula" title="Tasman Peninsula">Tasman Peninsula</a>. The campaign failed and was abandoned seven weeks later, but by then Tasmania's Aboriginal population had fallen to about 300.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Removal_of_Aboriginal_people">Removal of Aboriginal people</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg/220px-Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg/330px-Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg/440px-Truganini_and_last_4_tasmanian_aborigines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Four elderly full-blood Tasmanian Aboriginal people, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1860s</span>. <a href="/wiki/Truganini" title="Truganini">Truganini</a>, for many years claimed to be the last full-blood Aboriginal person to survive, is seated far right.</figcaption></figure> <p>After hostilities between settlers and Aboriginal peoples ceased in 1832, almost all of the remnants of the Indigenous population were persuaded by government agent <a href="/wiki/George_Augustus_Robinson" title="George Augustus Robinson">George Augustus Robinson</a> to move to <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Flinders Island, Tasmania">Flinders Island</a>. Many quickly succumbed to infectious diseases to which they had no immunity, reducing the population further.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those removed from Tasmania, the last to die was <a href="/wiki/Truganini" title="Truganini">Truganini</a>, in 1876. </p><p>The near-destruction of Tasmania's Aboriginal population has been described as an act of genocide by historians including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(critic)" title="Robert Hughes (critic)">Robert Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Boyce_(author)" title="James Boyce (author)">James Boyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyndall_Ryan" title="Lyndall Ryan">Lyndall Ryan</a> and Tom Lawson.<sup id="cite_ref-hughes121_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, other historians including <a href="/wiki/Henry_Reynolds_(historian)" title="Henry Reynolds (historian)">Henry Reynolds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Broome" title="Richard Broome">Richard Broome</a> and Nicholas Clements do not agree with the genocide thesis, arguing that the colonial authorities did not intend to destroy the Aboriginal population in whole or in part.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boyce has claimed that the April 1828 "Proclamation Separating the Aborigines from the White Inhabitants" sanctioned force against Aboriginal people "for no other reason than that they were Aboriginal".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as Reynolds, Broome and Clements point out, there was open warfare at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boyce described the decision to remove all Tasmanian Aboriginal people after 1832—by which time they had given up their fight against white colonists—as an extreme policy position. He concluded: "The colonial government from 1832 to 1838 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnically cleansed</a> the western half of Van Diemen's Land."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Clements and Flood note that there was another wave of violence in north-west Tasmania in 1841, involving attacks on settlers' huts by a band of Aboriginal Tasmanians who had not been removed from the island.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Proclamation_as_a_colony">Proclamation as a colony</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Colony of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg/220px-Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg/330px-Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg/440px-Convict_labourers_in_Australia_in_the_early_20th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="416" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convict</a> ploughing team breaking up new ground at the farm at Port Arthur</figcaption></figure> <p>Van Diemen's Land—which thus far had existed as a territory within the colony of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>—was proclaimed a separate colony, with its own judicial establishment and <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Legislative_Council" title="Tasmanian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, on 3 December 1825. Transportation to the island ceased in 1853 and the colony was renamed Tasmania in 1856, partly to differentiate the burgeoning society of free settlers from the island's convict past.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Legislative_Council" title="Tasmanian Legislative Council">Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land</a> drafted a new constitution which gained Royal Assent in 1855. The <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> also approved the colony changing its name from "Van Diemen's Land" to "Tasmania", and in 1856 the newly elected <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral parliament">bicameral parliament</a> sat for the first time, establishing Tasmania as a <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">self-governing</a> colony of the British Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colony suffered from economic fluctuations, but for the most part was prosperous, experiencing steady growth. With few external threats and strong trade links with the Empire, Tasmania enjoyed many fruitful periods in the late 19th century, becoming a world-centre of shipbuilding. It raised a local defence force that eventually played a <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_the_Second_Boer_War" title="Military history of Australia during the Second Boer War">significant role</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> in South Africa, and Tasmanian soldiers in that conflict won the first two <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Crosses</a> awarded to Australians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federation">Federation</h4></div> <p>In 1901, the Colony of Tasmania <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">united</a> with the five other Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. Tasmanians voted in favour of federation with the largest majority of all the Australian colonies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_and_21st_century">20th and 21st century</h3></div> <p>Tasmania was an early adopter of <a href="/wiki/Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric">electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Street_lighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Street lighting">street lighting</a>. Australia's first electric street lights were switched on in <a href="/wiki/Waratah,_Tasmania" title="Waratah, Tasmania">Waratah</a> in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a> became the first completely electrified city on the island in 1885, followed closely by the township of <a href="/wiki/Zeehan" title="Zeehan">Zeehan</a> in 1900. </p><p>The state economy was riding mining prosperity until World War I. In 1901, the state population was 172,475.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1910 foundation of what would become <a href="/wiki/Hydro_Tasmania" title="Hydro Tasmania">Hydro Tasmania</a> began to shape urban patterns, as well as future major damming programs.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanisation_cultural_artefact_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanisation_cultural_artefact-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hydro's influence culminated in the 1970s when the state government announced plans to flood environmentally significant <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pedder" title="Lake Pedder">Lake Pedder</a>. As a result of the eventual flooding of Lake Pedder, the world's first green party was established; the <a href="/wiki/United_Tasmania_Group" title="United Tasmania Group">United Tasmania Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National and international attention surrounded the campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Dam">Franklin Dam</a> in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmanian <a href="/wiki/Enid_Lyons" title="Enid Lyons">Enid Lyons</a> became the first female member of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1943_Australian_federal_election" title="1943 Australian federal election">1943 federal election</a> and first female to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">federal cabinet</a>. In May 1948, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_McIntyre" title="Margaret McIntyre">Margaret McIntyre</a> achieved another milestone as the first female elected to the Parliament of Tasmania. Less than six months after her election, McIntyre died in the <a href="/wiki/1948_Australian_National_Airways_DC-3_crash" title="1948 Australian National Airways DC-3 crash">crash of the <i>Lutana</i></a> near <a href="/wiki/Quirindi,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Quirindi, New South Wales">Quirindi</a> on 2 September 1948. </p><p>After the end of World War II, the state saw major urbanisation, and the growth of towns like <a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanisation_cultural_artefact_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanisation_cultural_artefact-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gained a reputation as "Sanitorium of the South" and a health-focused tourist boom began to grow. The <a href="/wiki/MS_Princess_of_Tasmania" title="MS Princess of Tasmania">MS Princess of Tasmania</a> began her maiden voyage in 1959, the first car ferry to Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanisation_cultural_artefact_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanisation_cultural_artefact-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the boom, Tasmania allowed the opening of the first casino in Australia in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-urbanisation_cultural_artefact_68-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urbanisation_cultural_artefact-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> visited the state in 1954, and the 50s and 60s were charactered by the opening of major public services, including the Tasmanian Housing Department and <a href="/wiki/Metro_Tasmania" title="Metro Tasmania">Metro Tasmania</a> public bus services. A jail was opened at Risdon in 1960, and the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Tasmania" title="State Library of Tasmania">State Library of Tasmania</a> the same year. The University of Tasmania also moved to its present location in 1963. </p><p>The state was badly affected by the <a href="/wiki/1967_Tasmanian_fires" title="1967 Tasmanian fires">1967 Tasmanian fires</a>, killing 64 people and destroying over 652,000 acres in five hours.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975 the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Bridge_disaster" title="Tasman Bridge disaster">Tasman Bridge collapsed</a> when the bridge was struck by the bulk ore carrier <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Lake_Illawarra" title="SS Lake Illawarra">Lake Illawarra</a></i>. It was the only bridge in Hobart, and made crossing the <a href="/wiki/Derwent_River_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derwent River (Tasmania)">Derwent River</a> by road at the city impossible. The nearest bridge was approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north, at Bridgewater. </p><p>Throughout the 1980s, strong environmental concerns saw the building of the Australian Antarctic Division headquarters, and the proclamation of the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness_World_Heritage_Area" title="Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area">Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area</a>. The Franklin Dam was blocked by the federal government in 1983, and <a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">CSIRO</a> opened its marine studies centre in Hobart. <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> would hold mass at <a href="/wiki/Elwick_Racecourse" title="Elwick Racecourse">Elwick Racecourse</a> in 1986. </p><p>The 1990s were characterised by the fight for <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Tasmania">LGBT rights in Tasmania</a>, culminating in the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Committee" title="United Nations Human Rights Committee">United Nations Human Rights Committee</a> in 1997 and the decriminalization of homosexuality that year.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Milne" title="Christine Milne">Christine Milne</a> became the first female leader of a Tasmanian political party in 1993, and major council amalgamations reduce the number of councils from 46 to 29. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur_massacre_(Australia)" title="Port Arthur massacre (Australia)">Port Arthur massacre</a> on 28 April 1996, which resulted in the loss of 35 lives and injured 21 others, the Australian Government conducted a review of its <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a> policies and enacted new <a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_of_Australia" title="Gun laws of Australia">nationwide gun ownership laws</a> under the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Agreement" title="National Firearms Agreement">National Firearms Agreement</a>. </p><p>In 2000, Queen Elizabeth II once again visited the state. <a href="/wiki/Gunns" title="Gunns">Gunns</a> rose to prominence as a major forestry company during this decade, only to collapse in 2013. In 2004, Premier <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bacon_(politician)" title="Jim Bacon (politician)">Jim Bacon</a> died in office from lung cancer. In January 2011 philanthropist <a href="/wiki/David_Walsh_(art_collector)" title="David Walsh (art collector)">David Walsh</a> opened the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Old_and_New_Art" title="Museum of Old and New Art">Museum of Old and New Art</a> (MONA) in Hobart to international acclaim. Within 12 months, MONA became Tasmania's top tourism attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:858px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Port Arthur, declared a World Heritage Site in 2010"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg/850px-Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg/1275px-Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg/1700px-Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10971" data-file-height="1782" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Arthur_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Port Arthur Panorama.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Tasmania" title="Port Arthur, Tasmania">Port Arthur</a>, declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 2010</div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania">COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania</a> resulted in at least 230 cases and 13 deaths as of September 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus pandemic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a>) and its spread to Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Government" title="Tasmanian Government">Tasmanian government</a> issued a public health emergency on 17 March,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the following month receiving the state's most significant outbreak from the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Tasmania" title="North West Tasmania">North-West</a> which required assistance from the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Federal government</a>. In late 2021, Tasmania was leading the nationwide vaccination response.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Geography of Tasmania</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article or section <b>may need to be cleaned up or summarized</b> because it has been split from/to <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Geography of Tasmania</a></i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg/220px-Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg/330px-Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg/440px-Topography_of_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Topography of Tasmania</figcaption></figure> <p>Tasmania, the largest island of Australia, has a landmass of 68,401 km<sup>2</sup> (26,410 sq mi) and is located directly in the pathway of the notorious "<a href="/wiki/Roaring_Forties" title="Roaring Forties">Roaring Forties</a>" wind that encircles the globe. To its north, it is separated from mainland Australia by <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>. Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located on the Australian mainland. About 2,500 kilometres (1,300 nautical miles) south of Tasmania island lies the <a href="/wiki/George_V_Coast" title="George V Coast">George V Coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. Depending on which <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_oceans" title="Borders of the oceans">borders of the oceans</a> are used, the island can be said to be either surrounded by the Southern Ocean, or to have the Pacific on its east and the Indian to its west. Still other definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a> to the west, and the <a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a> to the east. The southernmost point on mainland Tasmania is approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tasmania&params=43_38_37_S_146_49_38_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°38′37″S</span> <span class="longitude">146°49′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.64361°S 146.82722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-43.64361; 146.82722</span></span></span></a></span></span> at <a href="/wiki/South_East_Cape" title="South East Cape">South East Cape</a>, and the northernmost point on mainland Tasmania is approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tasmania&params=40_38_26_S_144_43_33_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°38′26″S</span> <span class="longitude">144°43′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.64056°S 144.72583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-40.64056; 144.72583</span></span></span></a></span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Woolnorth_/_Temdudheker,_Tasmania" title="Woolnorth / Temdudheker, Tasmania">Woolnorth / Temdudheker</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Grim/Kennaook" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Grim/Kennaook">Cape Grim / Kennaook</a>. Tasmania lies at similar latitudes to <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">Te Waipounamu / South Island</a> of New Zealand and parts of <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a> in South America. Areas at equivalent latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere include <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a> in Japan, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>), <a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central Italy</a>, and United States cities such as <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg/280px-Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg/420px-Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg/560px-Mortimer_Bay-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7378" data-file-height="2172" /></a><figcaption>Due to Tasmania's proximity to the <a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">south magnetic pole</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora"><i>Aurora australis</i></a> can sometimes be seen.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most mountainous region is the <a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Tasmania)" title="Central Highlands (Tasmania)">Central Highlands</a> area, which covers most of the central western parts of the state. The <a href="/wiki/Midlands_(Tasmania)" title="Midlands (Tasmania)">Midlands</a> located in the central east, is fairly flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although farming activity is scattered throughout the state. Tasmania's tallest mountain is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ossa_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Ossa (Tasmania)">Mount Ossa</a> at 1,617 m (5,305 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of Tasmania is still densely forested, with the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_National_Park" title="Southwest National Park">Southwest National Park</a> and neighbouring areas holding some of the last temperate rain forests in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tarkine" title="Tarkine">Tarkine</a>, containing <a href="/wiki/Savage_River_National_Park" title="Savage River National Park">Savage River National Park</a> located in the island's far north west, is the largest <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rainforest" title="Temperate rainforest">temperate rainforest</a> area in Australia covering about 3,800 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its rugged topography, Tasmania has a great number of rivers. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have been dammed at some point to provide <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>. Many rivers begin in the Central Highlands and flow out to the coast. Tasmania's major population centres are mainly situated around <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a> (some of which are named rivers). </p><p>Tasmania is in the shape of a downward-facing triangle, likened to a shield, heart, or face. It consists of the main island as well as at least a thousand neighbouring islands within the state's jurisdiction. The largest of these are <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island" title="Flinders Island">Flinders Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Furneaux_Group" title="Furneaux Group">Furneaux Group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Tasmania)" title="King Island (Tasmania)">King Island</a> in the west of Bass Strait, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Barren_Island" title="Cape Barren Island">Cape Barren Island</a> south of Flinders Island, <a href="/wiki/Bruny_Island" title="Bruny Island">Bruny Island</a> separated from Tasmania by the <a href="/wiki/D%27Entrecasteaux_Channel" title="D'Entrecasteaux Channel">D'Entrecasteaux Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Island" title="Macquarie Island">Macquarie Island</a> 1,500 km from Tasmania, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Island" title="Maria Island">Maria Island</a> off the east coast. Tasmania features a number of separated and continuous mountain ranges. The majority of the state is defined by a significant <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">dolerite</a> exposure, though the <a href="/wiki/Western_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Tasmania">western half</a> of the state is older and more rugged, featuring <a href="/wiki/Buttongrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttongrass">buttongrass</a> plains, temperate rainforests, and <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a> ranges, notably <a href="/wiki/Federation_Peak" title="Federation Peak">Federation Peak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frenchmans_Cap" title="Frenchmans Cap">Frenchmans Cap</a>. The presence of these mountain ranges is a primary factor in the <a href="/wiki/Rain_shadow" title="Rain shadow">rain shadow effect</a>, where the western half receives the majority of rainfall, which also influences the types of vegetation that can grow. The Central Highlands feature a large plateau which forms a number of ranges and escarpments on its north side, tapering off along the south, and radiating into the highest mountain ranges in the west. At the north-west of this, another plateau radiates into a system of hills where <a href="/wiki/Tarkine" title="Tarkine">takayna / Tarkine</a> is located. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Interim_Biogeographic_Regionalisation_for_Australia" title="Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia"> Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)</a> divides Tasmania into 9 bioregions:<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Lomond_bioregion" title="Ben Lomond bioregion">Ben Lomond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furneaux_bioregion" title="Furneaux bioregion">Furneaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_bioregion" title="King bioregion">King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Central_Highlands" title="Tasmanian Central Highlands">Central Highlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Northern_Midlands" title="Tasmanian Northern Midlands">Northern Midlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Northern_Slopes" title="Tasmanian Northern Slopes">Northern Slopes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Southern_Ranges" title="Tasmanian Southern Ranges">Southern Ranges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_South_East" title="Tasmanian South East">South East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_West" title="Tasmanian West">West</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:858px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_(Tasmania).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wineglass Bay seen from Mount Amos at Freycinet National Park"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg/850px-Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg/1275px-Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg/1700px-Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_%28Tasmania%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12416" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wineglass_Bay_seen_from_Mount_Amos_at_Freycinet_National_Park_(Tasmania).jpg" title="File:Wineglass Bay seen from Mount Amos at Freycinet National Park (Tasmania).jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Wineglass_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Wineglass Bay">Wineglass Bay</a> seen from Mount Amos at <a href="/wiki/Freycinet_National_Park" title="Freycinet National Park">Freycinet National Park</a></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAS_04-08-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TAS_04-08-20.jpg/220px-TAS_04-08-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TAS_04-08-20.jpg/330px-TAS_04-08-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/TAS_04-08-20.jpg/440px-TAS_04-08-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="1056" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image showing snow covering Tasmania's highlands, August 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>Tasmania's environment consistes of many different biomes or communities across its different regions. It is the most forested state in Australia, and preserves the country's largest areas of <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rainforest" title="Temperate rainforest">temperate rainforest</a>. A distinctive type of <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a> found across the west, and particularly south-west of Tasmania, are <a href="/wiki/Buttongrass" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttongrass">buttongrass</a> plains, which are speculated to have been expanded by <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Aboriginal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Aboriginal">Tasmanian Aboriginal</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire-stick_farming" title="Fire-stick farming">burning practices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania also features a diverse <a href="/wiki/Alpine_plant" title="Alpine plant">alpine garden</a> <a href="/wiki/Alpine_vegetation_of_Tasmania" title="Alpine vegetation of Tasmania">environment</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_cushion_plants" title="Tasmanian cushion plants">cushion plant</a>. Highland areas receive consistent <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snowfall</a> above ~1,000 metres every year, and due to cold air from <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, this level often reaches 800 m, and more occasionally 600 or 400 metres. Every five or so years, snow can form at sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This environment gives rise to the <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</a> forests of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Tasmania)" title="Central Highlands (Tasmania)">Central Plateau</a> and mountainous highlands. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem_National_Park" title="Walls of Jerusalem National Park">Walls of Jerusalem</a> with large areas of rare <a href="/wiki/Athrotaxis_cupressoides" title="Athrotaxis cupressoides">pencil pine</a>, and its closest relative <a href="/wiki/Athrotaxis_selaginoides" title="Athrotaxis selaginoides">King Billy pine</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Range" title="West Coast Range">West Coast Range</a> and partially on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Field_National_Park" title="Mount Field National Park">Mount Field</a>, Australia's only winter-<a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> plant, <a href="/wiki/Nothofagus_gunnii" title="Nothofagus gunnii">deciduous beech</a> is found, which forms a carpet or <a href="/wiki/Krummholz" title="Krummholz">krummholz</a>, or very rarely a 4-metre tree.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmania features a high concentration of <a href="/wiki/Waterfalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls">waterfalls</a>. These can be found in small creeks, alpine <a href="/wiki/Streams" class="mw-redirect" title="Streams">streams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">rapid</a> <a href="/wiki/Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers">rivers</a>, or off precipitous plunges. Some of the tallest waterfalls are found on mountain <a href="/wiki/Massifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Massifs">massifs</a>, sometimes at a 200-metre cascade. The most famous and most visited waterfall in Tasmania is <a href="/wiki/Russell_Falls" title="Russell Falls">Russell Falls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Field_National_Park" title="Mount Field National Park">Mount Field</a> due to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> and stepped falls at a total height of 58 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania also has a large number of <a href="/wiki/Beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaches">beaches</a>, the longest of which is <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach_(Tasmania)" title="Ocean Beach (Tasmania)">Ocean Beach</a> on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_Tasmania" title="West Coast, Tasmania">West Coast</a> at about 40 kilometres.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wineglass Bay in <a href="/wiki/Freycinet_National_Park" title="Freycinet National Park">Freycinet</a> on the east coast is a well-known <a href="/wiki/Landmark" title="Landmark">landmark</a> of the state. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_temperate_rainforests" title="Tasmanian temperate rainforests">Tasmanian temperate rainforests</a> cover a few different types. These are also considered distinct from the more common wet <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyll" title="Sclerophyll">sclerophyll</a> forests, though these <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalypt</a> forests often form with <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> <a href="/wiki/Understorey" class="mw-redirect" title="Understorey">understorey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferns" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferns">ferns</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Man_fern" class="mw-redirect" title="Man fern">tree-ferns</a>) are usually never absent. Rainforest found in deep <a href="/wiki/Gully" title="Gully">gullies</a> are usually difficult to traverse due to dense understorey growth, such as from <a href="/wiki/Anodopetalum_biglandulosum" class="mw-redirect" title="Anodopetalum biglandulosum">horizontal (<i>Anodopetalum biglandulosum</i>)</a>. Higher-elevation forests (~500 to 800 m) have smaller ground vegetation and are thus easier to walk in. The most common rainforests usually have a 50-metre<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">canopy</a> and are varied by environmental factors. Emergent growth usually comes from <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_regnans" title="Eucalyptus regnans">eucalyptus</a>, which can tower another 50 metres higher (usually less), providing the most common choice of nesting for giant <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_wedge-tailed_eagle" title="Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle">wedge-tailed eagles</a>. </p><p>The human environment ranges from urban or industrial development to farming or grazing land. The most cultivated area is the <a href="/wiki/Midlands_(Tasmania)" title="Midlands (Tasmania)">Midlands</a>, where it has suitable soil but is also the driest part of the state. </p><p>Tasmania's <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/insular#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:insular">insularity</a> was possibly detected by Captain <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a> when he charted Tasmania's coast in 1642. On 5 December, Tasman was following the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast of Australia">east coast</a> northward to see how far it went. When the land veered to the north-west at <a href="/wiki/Eddystone_Point" title="Eddystone Point">Eddystone Point</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he tried to keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Forties" title="Roaring Forties">Roaring Forties</a> howling through <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasman was on a mission to find the <a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Southern Continent</a>, not more islands, so he abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent-hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next European to enter the strait was Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a> in April 1770. However, after sailing for two hours westward into the strait against the wind, he turned back east and noted in his journal that he was "doubtful whether they [i.e. Van Diemen's Land and New Holland] are one land or no".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strait was named after George Bass, after he and Matthew Flinders passed through it while circumnavigating Van Diemen's Land in the <i>Norfolk</i> in 1798–99. At Flinders' recommendation, the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter, in 1800 named the stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Bass's Straits".<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later it became known as Bass Strait. </p><p>The existence of the strait had been suggested in 1797 by the master of Sydney Cove when he reached Sydney after deliberately grounding his foundering ship and being stranded on Preservation Island (at the eastern end of the strait). He reported that the strong south westerly swell and the tides and currents suggested that the island was in a channel linking the Pacific and southern Indian Ocean. Governor Hunter thus wrote to Joseph Banks in August 1797 that it seemed certain a strait existed.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Tasmania" title="Climate of Tasmania">Climate of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CradleMountainTas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CradleMountainTas.jpg/220px-CradleMountainTas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/CradleMountainTas.jpg/330px-CradleMountainTas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/CradleMountainTas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Snow on <a href="/wiki/Cradle_Mountain" title="Cradle Mountain">Cradle Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Tasmania_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The Köppen climate classifications of Tasmania</figcaption></figure> <p>Tasmania has a relatively cool temperate climate compared to the rest of Australia, spared from the hot summers of the mainland and experiencing four distinct seasons.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summer is from December to February when the average maximum sea temperature is 21 °C (70 °F) and inland areas around Launceston reach 24 °C (75 °F). Other inland areas are much cooler, with <a href="/wiki/Liawenee" title="Liawenee">Liawenee</a>, located on the Central Plateau, one of the coldest places in Australia, ranging between 4 and 17 °C (39 and 63 °F) in February. Autumn is from March to May, with mostly settled weather, as summer patterns gradually take on the shape of winter patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winter months are from June to August and are generally the wettest and coldest months in the state, with most high lying areas receiving considerable snowfall. Winter maximums are 12 °C (54 °F) on average along coastal areas and 3 °C (37 °F) on the central plateau, as a result of a series of cold fronts from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>. Inland areas receive regular freezes throughout the winter months. Spring is from September to November, and is an unsettled season of transition, where winter weather patterns begin to take the shape of summer patterns, although snowfall is still common up until October. Spring is generally the windiest time of the year with afternoon sea breezes starting to take effect on the coast. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City/town </th> <th>Mean min. temp °C </th> <th>Mean max. temp °C </th> <th>No. clear days </th> <th>Rainfall (mm) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> </td> <td align="center">8.3</td> <td align="center">16.9</td> <td align="center">41</td> <td align="center">616<sup id="cite_ref-hobartclimate_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hobartclimate-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a> </td> <td align="center">7.0</td> <td align="center">18.3</td> <td align="center">50</td> <td align="center">666<sup id="cite_ref-launcestonclimate_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launcestonclimate-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a> </td> <td align="center">8.0</td> <td align="center">16.8</td> <td align="center">61</td> <td align="center">778<sup id="cite_ref-devonportclimate_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-devonportclimate-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Strahan,_Tasmania" title="Strahan, Tasmania">Strahan</a> </td> <td align="center">7.9</td> <td align="center">16.5</td> <td align="center">41</td> <td align="center">1,458<sup id="cite_ref-strahanclimate_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strahanclimate-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_Point,_Tasmania" title="Battery Point, Tasmania">Battery Point</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(1.49) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(1.68) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(1.54) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.0<br />(1.81) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.5<br />(1.75) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6<br />(2.19) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.8<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.7<br />(2.00) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0<br />(2.09) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">565.9<br />(22.28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.1 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">150.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.0 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">210.8 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.8 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">132.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.9 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,393.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a> (1991–2020 averages;<sup id="cite_ref-BoM2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoM2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1882–present)<sup id="cite_ref-BoM1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoM1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Airport" title="Hobart Airport">Hobart Airport</a> (sunshine hours)<sup id="cite_ref-BoMAirport_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoMAirport-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a> (Ti Tree Bend) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6<br />(25.5) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−5.2<br />(22.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.5<br />(2.03) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(1.39) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.8<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.1<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.9<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.3<br />(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.8<br />(3.30) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5<br />(2.58) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(1.89) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.9<br />(2.08) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">680.8<br />(26.80) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">87.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #A4FFA4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">285.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.0 </td> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.5 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.2 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,589.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a> (1991–2020 averages;<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extremes 1980–present)<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology, <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Airport" title="Launceston Airport">Launceston Airport</a> (1981–2004 sunshine hours)<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_Tasmania" title="Ecology of Tasmania">Ecology of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hellyer_Gorge,_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/220px-Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/330px-Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/440px-Hellyer_Gorge%2C_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Ferns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hellyer_Gorge" title="Hellyer Gorge">Hellyer Gorge</a>, to the northeast of <a href="/wiki/Savage_River_National_Park" title="Savage River National Park">Savage River National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg/220px-Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg/330px-Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg/440px-Sarcophilus_harrisii_taranna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1435" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Devil">Tasmanian Devil</a>, Tasmania's state animal emblem</figcaption></figure> <p>Geographically and biological isolated, Tasmania is known for its unique <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> flora and fauna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flora">Flora</h4></div> <p>Tasmania has <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">extremely diverse</a> vegetation, from the heavily grazed grassland of the dry Midlands to the tall evergreen <a href="/wiki/Eucalypt" title="Eucalypt">eucalypt</a> forest, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a> heathlands and large areas of cool <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate rain forest">temperate rainforests</a> and moorlands in the rest of the state. Many species are unique to Tasmania, and some are related to species in South America and New Zealand through ancestors which grew on the supercontinent of <a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a>, 50 million years ago. <i><a href="/wiki/Nothofagus_gunnii" title="Nothofagus gunnii">Nothofagus gunnii</a></i>, commonly known as Australian beech, is Australia's only temperate native deciduous tree and is found exclusively in Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Distinctive species of plant in Tasmania include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_regnans" title="Eucalyptus regnans"><i>Eucalyptus regnans</i> (mountain ash)</a> – the <a href="/wiki/List_of_superlative_trees" title="List of superlative trees">tallest</a> flowering plant and hardwood in the world, <a href="/wiki/Centurion_(tree)" title="Centurion (tree)">reaching 100 m</a> (328 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagus_cunninghamii" title="Nothofagus cunninghamii"><i>Nothofagus cunninghamii</i> (myrtle beech)</a> – the most abundant temperate rainforest canopy species found in Tasmania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothofagus_gunnii" title="Nothofagus gunnii"><i>Nothofagus gunnii</i> (deciduous beech)</a> – Australia's only winter-deciduous tree.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherosperma_moschatum" title="Atherosperma moschatum"><i>Atherosperma moschatum</i> (blackheart sassafras)</a> – a co-dominant rainforest tree with a nutmeg aroma.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarostrobos_franklinii" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagarostrobos franklinii"><i>Lagarostrobos franklinii</i> (Huon pine)</a> – one of the oldest-lived tree species, and a self-preserving timber.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllocladus_aspleniifolius" title="Phyllocladus aspleniifolius"><i>Phyllocladus aspleniifolius</i> (celery-top pine)</a> – a celery-leaved conifer found in rainforests.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athrotaxis" title="Athrotaxis">Athrotaxis (Tasmanian cedar/redwood)</a> – a genus comprising three extant species related to <a href="/wiki/Sequoiadendron" title="Sequoiadendron">sequoia</a> found in Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucryphia_lucida" title="Eucryphia lucida"><i>Eucryphia lucida</i> (leatherwood)</a> – a prominent floral symbol of Tasmania and a unique <a href="/wiki/Monofloral_honey" title="Monofloral honey">monofloral honey</a> species.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bush_tucker">Bush tucker</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker#Tasmania" title="Bush tucker">Bush tucker § Tasmania</a></div> <p>Tasmania also has a number of <a href="/wiki/Native_species" title="Native species">native</a> <a href="/wiki/Edible" title="Edible">edibles</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">bush tucker</a> in Australia. These plants were <a href="/wiki/Foraging" title="Foraging">foraged</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Aboriginals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Aboriginals">Tasmanian Aboriginals</a> and also used for other purposes, such as <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a>. Unusual trees such as <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_gunnii" title="Eucalyptus gunnii">cider gum (<i>Eucalyptus gunnii</i>)</a> had their <a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">manna</a> used to make a <a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">syrup</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">cider</a>). Other trees such as <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">wattles (acacias)</a> like <a href="/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon" title="Acacia melanoxylon">blackwood (<i>Acacia melanoxylon</i>)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acacia_dealbata" title="Acacia dealbata">mimosa (<i>Acacia dealbata</i>)</a> could have their <a href="/wiki/Wattleseed" title="Wattleseed">seeds</a> eaten or crushed into a <a href="/wiki/Powder" title="Powder">powder</a>. There are also many <a href="/wiki/Berries" class="mw-redirect" title="Berries">berries</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gaultheria_hispida" title="Gaultheria hispida">snowberry (<i>Gaultheria hispida</i>)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Aristotelia_peduncularis" title="Aristotelia peduncularis">heartberry (<i>Aristotelia peduncularis</i>)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetables">vegetables</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mentha_australis" title="Mentha australis">river mint (<i>Mentha australis</i>)</a>, though no <a href="/wiki/Crops" class="mw-redirect" title="Crops">crops</a> like <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> that are used for large production.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fauna">Fauna</h4></div> <p>Tasmania has a large percentage of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> whilst featuring many types of animals found on mainland Australia. Many of these species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a>, are larger than their mainland relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island of Tasmania was home to the <a href="/wiki/Thylacine" title="Thylacine">thylacine</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupial</a> which resembled a <a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">fossa</a> or some say a wild dog. Known colloquially as the Tasmanian tiger for the distinctive striping across its back, it became extinct in mainland Australia much earlier because of competition by the <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a>, introduced in prehistoric times. Owing to persecution by farmers, government-funded bounty hunters and, in the final years, collectors for overseas museums, it appears to have been exterminated in Tasmania. The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a> became the <a href="/wiki/Largest_mammals#Marsupials_(Marsupialia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest mammals">largest carnivorous marsupial</a> in the world following the <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thylacine" title="Thylacine">thylacine</a> in 1936 and is now found in the wild only in Tasmania. Tasmania was one of the last regions of Australia to be introduced to domesticated dogs. Dogs were brought from Britain in 1803 for hunting kangaroos and <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emus</a>. This introduction completely transformed Aboriginal society, as it helped them to successfully compete with European hunters and was more important than the introduction of guns for the Aboriginal people.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmania is a hotspot for <a href="/wiki/Island_gigantism" title="Island gigantism">giant habitat trees and the large animal species</a> that occupy them, notably the endangered <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_wedge-tailed_eagle" title="Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle">Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (<i>Aquila audax fleayi</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_masked_owl" title="Tasmanian masked owl">Tasmanian masked owl (<i>Tyto novaehollandiae castanops</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_giant_freshwater_crayfish" title="Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish">Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (<i>Astacopsis gouldi</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_wattlebird" title="Yellow wattlebird">yellow wattlebird (<i>Anthochaera paradoxa</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Green_rosella" title="Green rosella">green rosella (<i>Platycercus caledonicus</i>)</a> and others. Tasmania is also home to the world's only three migratory parrots, the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Orange-bellied_parrot" title="Orange-bellied parrot">Orange-bellied parrot (<i>Neophema chrysogaster</i>)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Blue-winged_parrot" title="Blue-winged parrot">Blue-winged parrot (<i>Neophema chrysostoma</i>)</a>, and the fastest parrot in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Swift_parrot" title="Swift parrot">swift parrot (<i>Lathamus discolor</i>)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania has 12 <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">endemic</a> species of <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">bird</a> in total.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mycology">Mycology</h4></div> <p>Tasmania is a hotspot for <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungal</a> diversity. The importance of fungi in Tasmania's ecology is often overlooked; nonetheless, they play a vital role in the natural vegetation cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conservation">Conservation</h4></div> <p>Like the rest of Australia, Tasmania suffers from an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> problem. In particular, many important Tasmanian subspecies and world-significant species of <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a> are classified as at risk in some way. A famous example is the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devil</a>, which is endangered due to <a href="/wiki/Devil_facial_tumour_disease" title="Devil facial tumour disease">devil facial tumour disease</a>. Some species have already gone <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a>, primarily due to <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human interference</a>, such as in the case of the <a href="/wiki/Thylacine" title="Thylacine">thylacine</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_emu" title="Tasmanian emu">Tasmanian emu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Tasmania, there are about 90 endangered, vulnerable, or threatened vertebrate species classified by the state or Commonwealth governments.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of a reliance on roads and private vehicle transport, and a high concentration of animal populations divided by this development, Tasmania has the worst (per kilometre) <a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">roadkill</a> rate in the world, with 32 animals killed per hour and at least 300,000 per year.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Protected areas of Tasmania">Protected areas of Tasmania</a> cover 21% of the island's land area in the form of <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Wilderness_World_Heritage_Area" title="Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area">Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area</a> (TWWHA) was inscribed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1982, where it is globally significant because "most UNESCO World Heritage sites meet only one or two of the ten criteria for that status. The Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) meets 7 out of 10 criteria. Only one other place on earth—China’s <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Taishan</a>—meets that many criteria".<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controversy surrounds the decision in 2014 by the <a href="/wiki/Abbott_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbott Government">Abbott</a> federal <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal government</a> to request the area's delisting and opening for resource exploration (before it was rejected by the UN Committee at Doha),<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the current <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> in the state's <a href="/wiki/Tarkine" title="Tarkine">Tarkine</a> region, the largest single <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rainforest" title="Temperate rainforest">temperate rainforest</a> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tasmanian people" redirects here. For the original inhabitants of Tasmania, see <a href="#Aboriginal_people">§ Aboriginal people</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Aboriginal Tasmanians</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg/220px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg/330px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg/440px-ABS-3101.0-AustralianDemographicStatistics-EstimatedResidentPopulationStatesTerritories-EstimatedResidentPopulation-Persons-Tasmania-A2060848V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Estimated resident population since 1981</figcaption></figure> <p>The population of Tasmania is the most homogeneous of any Australian state, being mostly of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">British</a> (primarily <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>) descent.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 2012, Tasmania was the only state in Australia with an above-replacement <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a>; Tasmanian women had an average of 2.24 children each.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2012 the birth rate had slipped to 2.1 children per woman, bringing the state to the replacement threshold, but it continues to have the second-highest birth rate of any state or territory (behind the Northern Territory).<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major population centres include <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burnie,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnie, Tasmania">Burnie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tasmania" title="Kingston, Tasmania">Kingston</a> is often defined as a separate city but is generally regarded as part of the Greater Hobart Area.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="table" style="text-align:center; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7" style="background:#e9e9e9; padding:0.3em;">Cities and towns by population<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="21"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg/150px-Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg/225px-Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg/300px-Franklin_Wharf_Hobart_20171120-031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4008" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></small><br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg/150px-Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg/225px-Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg/300px-Launceston_busy_downtown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="267" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></small><br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Devonport,_TAS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG/150px-Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG/225px-Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG/300px-Devonport%2C_TAS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a></small><br /> </p> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"><small>#</small> </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#f5f5f5;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Tasmania_by_population" title="List of places in Tasmania by population">Settlement</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;">Population </th> <th style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;">Metro <br /> population </th> <th rowspan="21"> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg/150px-Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg/225px-Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg/300px-Dawn-Princess-Burnie-20131216-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2006" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Burnie,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnie, Tasmania">Burnie</a></small><br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg/150px-Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg/225px-Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg/300px-Leven-River-Bridge-Ulverstone-20070420-023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2006" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a></small><br /> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG/150px-Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG/225px-Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG/300px-Sorell_BerryFarm.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Sorell,_Tasmania" title="Sorell, Tasmania">Sorell</a></small> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">1</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>178,009</td> <td>252,669</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">2</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></b></td> <td>68,813</td> <td>110,472</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">3</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport-Latrobe</a> </b></td> <td>30,297</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">4</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Burnie,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnie, Tasmania">Burnie-Somerset</a></b></td> <td>19,385 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">5</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a> </b></td> <td>14,490</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">6</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Sorell,_Tasmania" title="Sorell, Tasmania">Sorell-Dodges Ferry</a></b></td> <td>14,400</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">7</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tasmania" title="Kingston, Tasmania">Kingston</a> </b></td> <td>10,409</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">8</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Tasmania" title="George Town, Tasmania">George Town</a></b></td> <td>7,117</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">9</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Wynyard,_Tasmania" title="Wynyard, Tasmania">Wynyard</a></b></td> <td>5,990 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">10</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/New_Norfolk" title="New Norfolk">New Norfolk</a></b></td> <td>5,834 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">11</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Smithton,_Tasmania" title="Smithton, Tasmania">Smithton</a></b></td> <td>3,881</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f0f0f0">12</td> <td align="left"><b><a href="/wiki/Penguin,_Tasmania" title="Penguin, Tasmania">Penguin</a></b></td> <td>3,849</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Greater Hobart</a></td> <td>226,884<sup id="cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSCapitalPop2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></td> <td>86,404<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a></td> <td>30,044<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burnie,_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnie, Tasmania">Burnie</a></td> <td>26,978<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a></td> <td>14,424<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_immigration">Ancestry and immigration</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Country of Birth (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Birthplace<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>440,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td>England</td> <td>19,283 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a></td> <td>6,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal</td> <td>6,219 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>6,137 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Zealand</td> <td>5,483 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippines</td> <td>2,441 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotland</td> <td>2,280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands</td> <td>2,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>2,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>2,087 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States</td> <td>2,056 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a> (47.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australian</a> (46.3%)<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Australians" title="Irish Australians">Irish</a> (11.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a> (10%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a> (4.6%)<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Australians" title="German Australians">German</a> (3.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Australians" title="Dutch Australians">Dutch</a> (2.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Italian</a> (1.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australians" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese</a> (1.5%)</li></ul></div> <p>19.3% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (3.7%), New Zealand (1%), <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> (0.6%), Scotland (0.4%) and the Netherlands (0.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_133-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4.6% of the population, or 23,572 people, identified as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>N 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_133-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021 census</a>, 86.1% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (1.5%), <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> (1.3%), <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (0.5%) and Spanish (0.3%).<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159.78512068371px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 139.47270339741px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 112.00117924292px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 112.00117924292px 100px 0; border-right-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religious Affiliation (2021) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (38.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">No Religion</a> (50.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (1.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (1.0%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Islam (0.9%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Other/Unspecified (8.0%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>In 2021, 50.0% of people in Tasmania reported having no religious affiliation, a substantial increase from 38.2% in 2016 and just 5.1% in 1971. Meanwhile, Christianity remained the largest religious affiliation in the state, with 38.4% identifying as Christian, though this proportion has steadily declined over time—from 88.7% in 1971 to 49.7% in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-Christian religions accounted for 4.5% of the population in 2021, with Hinduism (1.7%), Buddhism (1.0%), and Islam (0.9%) being the most prevalent among them.<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_133-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tasmania">Government of Tasmania</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Tasmania">Governors of Tasmania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tasmania" title="Parliament of Tasmania">Parliament of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG/220px-Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG/330px-Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG/440px-Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3562" data-file-height="2375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Hobart" title="Parliament House, Hobart">Parliament House, Hobart</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The form of the government of Tasmania is prescribed in <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Tasmania" title="Constitution of Tasmania">its constitution</a>, which dates from 1934. Since 1901, Tasmania has been a state of the Commonwealth of Australia, and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitution">Australian Constitution</a> regulates its relationship with the Commonwealth and prescribes which powers each level of government is allowed. </p><p>Tasmania is represented in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a> by 12 senators, on an equal basis with all other states. In the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, Tasmania is entitled to five seats, which is the minimum allocation for a state guaranteed by the Constitution—the number of House of Representatives seats for each state is otherwise decided on the basis of their relative populations, and Tasmania has never qualified for five seats on that basis alone. Tasmania's <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_House_of_Assembly" title="Tasmanian House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a> use a system of multi-seat <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Single Transferable Vote">Hare-Clark</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/2002_Tasmanian_state_election" title="2002 Tasmanian state election">2002 state election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> won 14 of the 25 House seats. The people decreased their vote for the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal Party</a>; representation in the Parliament fell to seven seats. The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Greens" title="Tasmanian Greens">Greens</a> won four seats, with over 18% of the popular vote, the highest proportion of any Green party in any parliament in the world at that time. </p> <table class="toccolours" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="float:right; margin-right:.5em; margin-top:.4em; margin-left:0.5em; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#cef; text-align:center;">Composition of the Parliament of Tasmania </th></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc; vertical-align:top;"> <th>Political<br />Party </th> <th>House of<br />Assembly </th> <th>Legislative<br />Council </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#f66;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">ALP</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#00bfff;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#90ee90;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-size:80%; background:#cef; text-align:center;">Source: Tasmanian Electoral Commission </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 23 February 2004 the Premier <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bacon_(politician)" title="Jim Bacon (politician)">Jim Bacon</a> announced his retirement, after being diagnosed with lung cancer. In his last months he opened a vigorous anti-smoking campaign which included many restrictions on where individuals could smoke, such as pubs. He died four months later. Bacon was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lennon" title="Paul Lennon">Paul Lennon</a>, who, after leading the state for two years, went on to win the <a href="/wiki/2006_Tasmanian_state_election" title="2006 Tasmanian state election">2006 state election</a> in his own right. Lennon resigned in 2008 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/David_Bartlett" title="David Bartlett">David Bartlett</a>, who formed a coalition government with the Greens after the <a href="/wiki/2010_Tasmanian_state_election" title="2010 Tasmanian state election">2010 state election</a> resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>. Bartlett resigned as Premier in January 2011 and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Lara_Giddings" title="Lara Giddings">Lara Giddings</a>, who became Tasmania's first female Premier. In March 2014 <a href="/wiki/Will_Hodgman" title="Will Hodgman">Will Hodgman</a>'s Liberal Party won government, ending sixteen years of Labor governance, and ending an eight-year period for Hodgman himself as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Tasmania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Tasmania)">Leader of the Opposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hodgman then won a second term of government in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Tasmanian_state_election" title="2018 Tasmanian state election">2018 state election</a>, but resigned mid-term in January 2020 and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gutwein" title="Peter Gutwein">Peter Gutwein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gutwein_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gutwein-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2021, the <a href="/wiki/2021_Tasmanian_state_election" title="2021 Tasmanian state election">Tasmanian state election</a> was held after being called <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">early</a> by the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Tasmanian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Tasmanian Division)">Liberal Party</a>, resulting in their return to government and establishment of a one-seat majority. It was also the first time that the Liberal Party had been elected three-times in a row.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, former deputy premier <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Rockliff" title="Jeremy Rockliff">Jeremy Rockliff</a> became Premier after Gutwein announced his retirement from politics.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of April 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Tasmania remains the only state governed by the Liberal Party in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Slade_2023_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slade_2023-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bongiorno_2023_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bongiorno_2023-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <p>Tasmania has a number of undeveloped regions. Proposals for local economic development have been faced with requirements for environmental sensitivity, or opposition. In particular, proposals for hydroelectric power generation were debated in the late 20th century. In the 1970s, opposition to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pedder" title="Lake Pedder">Lake Pedder</a> reservoir impoundment led to the formation of the world's first <a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Tasmania_Group" title="United Tasmania Group">United Tasmania Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lake_Pedder_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lake_Pedder-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1980s the state debated the proposed <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Dam">Franklin River Dam</a>. The anti-dam sentiment was shared by many Australians outside Tasmania and proved a factor in the election of the <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Hawke</a> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> government in 1983, which halted construction of the dam.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1980s the environmental focus has shifted to <a href="/wiki/Old_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Old growth">old growth</a> logging and mining in the Tarkine region, which have both proved divisive.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tasmania Together process recommended an end to clear felling in high conservation old growth forests by January 2003, but was unsuccessful. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1996_Tasmanian_state_election" title="1996 Tasmanian state election">1996</a>, the House of Assembly consisted of 35 seats with 7 seats per each of the five electorates. By the <a href="/wiki/1998_Tasmanian_state_election" title="1998 Tasmanian state election">1998 election</a>, the number of seats had been reduced down to 25, or 5 per each electorate. This resulted in the reduction of the Greens' number of seats from 4 to 1, and increased the proportion of seats held by both the Labor and Liberal parties.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was despite growth in population (five-fold since responsible government) and an increase in the voting percentage required for a majority government. There was also no public consultation, and inquiries at the time had recommended the opposite. The House of Assembly Select Committee in 2020 recommended in its report that the number should be increased again from 25 to 35, arguing that such a small representation would undermine democracy and limit the capabilities of the government. In 2010, the major party leadership had even endorsed reinstating the 35 seat number, but Liberal and Labor support was withdrawn the following year, with only the Greens keeping their commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania_Councils_*@*.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg/220px-Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg/330px-Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg/440px-Tasmania_Councils_%2A%40%2A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">Local Government Areas of Tasmania</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:858px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The campaign to save Lake Pedder led to the 1972 formation of the United Tasmania Group, the world's first Green party."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg/850px-Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg" decoding="async" width="850" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg/1275px-Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg/1700px-Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10708" data-file-height="2097" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Pedder_From_Mt_Eliza.jpg" title="File:Lake Pedder From Mt Eliza.jpg"> </a></div>The campaign to save Lake Pedder led to the 1972 formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Tasmania_Group" title="United Tasmania Group">United Tasmania Group</a>, the world's first Green party.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> <p>Tasmania has 29 <a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">local government areas</a>. Local councils are responsible for functions delegated by the Tasmanian parliament, such as urban planning, road infrastructure and waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government grants. </p><p>As with the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_House_of_Assembly" title="Tasmanian House of Assembly">House of Assembly</a>, Tasmania's local government elections use a system of multi-seat <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">Hare–Clark</a>. Local government elections take place every four years and are conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Electoral_Commission" title="Tasmanian Electoral Commission">Tasmanian Electoral Commission</a> by full <a href="/wiki/Postal_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal ballot">postal ballot</a>. The next local government elections will be held during October 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tasmania" title="Economy of Tasmania">Economy of Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg/220px-Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg/330px-Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg/440px-Tasmanian_salmon_on_a_pea_and_corn_fritter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption>Smoked Tasmanian salmon. Tasmania is a large exporter of seafood, particularly <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Derwent_Valley_(22645573102).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg/220px-Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg/330px-Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg/440px-Derwent_Valley_%2822645573102%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">Hop farms</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Council" title="Derwent Valley Council">Derwent Valley</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, Tasmania's main industries have been mining (including copper, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>, and iron), agriculture, forestry, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Tasmania">tourism</a>. Tasmania is on <a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Australia" title="Electricity sector in Australia">Australia's electrical grid</a> and in the 1940s and 1950s, a hydro-industrialisation initiative was embodied in the state by <a href="/wiki/Hydro_Tasmania" title="Hydro Tasmania">Hydro Tasmania</a>. These all have had varying fortunes over the last century and more, involved in ebbs and flows of population moving in and away dependent upon the specific requirements of the dominant industries of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state also has a large number of food exporting sectors, including but not limited to seafood (such as <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crayfish</a>). </p><p>In the 1960s and 1970s there was a decline in traditional crops such as apples and pears,<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with other crops and industries eventually rising in their place. During the 15 years until 2010, new agricultural products such as wine, <a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">saffron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyrethrum" title="Pyrethrum">pyrethrum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a> have been fostered by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Institute_of_Agricultural_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research">Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research</a>. </p><p>Favourable economic conditions throughout Australia, cheaper air fares, and two new <i>Spirit of Tasmania</i> ferries have all contributed to what is now a rising tourism industry. </p><p>About 1.7% of the Tasmanian population are employed by local government.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major employers include <a href="/wiki/Nyrstar" title="Nyrstar">Nyrstar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norske_Skog" title="Norske Skog">Norske Skog</a>, Grange Resources, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto Group">Rio Tinto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Hobart" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_Group" title="Federal Group">Federal Group</a>. Small business is a large part of the community life, including <a href="/wiki/Incat" title="Incat">Incat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moorilla_Estate" title="Moorilla Estate">Moorilla Estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tassal" title="Tassal">Tassal</a>. In the late 1990s, a number of national companies based their call centres in the state after obtaining cheap access to broad-band fibre optic connections.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>34% of Tasmanians are reliant on welfare payments as their primary source of income.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This number is in part due to the large number of older residents and retirees in Tasmania receiving Age Pensions. Due to its natural environment and clean air, Tasmania is a common retirement selection for Australians.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Output by industry sector (2019/20)<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Industry</th> <th>AU$ (billions)</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Construction</td> <td>7.989</td> <td>13.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manufacturing</td> <td>7.421</td> <td>12.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Health care & social assistance</td> <td>6.303</td> <td>10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agriculture</td> <td>5.115</td> <td>8.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public administration & safety</td> <td>3.572</td> <td>6.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transport, postal, & warehousing</td> <td>3.269</td> <td>5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial & insurance services</td> <td>3.030</td> <td>5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education & training</td> <td>2.794</td> <td>4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electricity, gas, water, & waste services</td> <td>2.637</td> <td>4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Retail trade</td> <td>2.552</td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Information media & telecommunications</td> <td>2.246</td> <td>3.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Professional, scientific, & technical services</td> <td>2.033</td> <td>3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mining</td> <td>1.875</td> <td>3.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wholesale trade</td> <td>1.687</td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accommodation & food services</td> <td>1.586</td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other services</td> <td>1.360</td> <td>2.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rental, hiring, & real estate services</td> <td>1.117</td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administrative & support services</td> <td>1.045</td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts & recreation services</td> <td>0.893</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total industries</th> <th>$58.523</th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="display:inline-table"> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Employment (total) by industry (2019/20)<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Industry</th> <th>Number</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Health care & social assistance</td> <td>36,631</td> <td>14.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Retail trade</td> <td>26,290</td> <td>10.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Education & training</td> <td>23,272</td> <td>9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Construction</td> <td>20,688</td> <td>8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Public administration & safety</td> <td>20,137</td> <td>8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Manufacturing</td> <td>18,897</td> <td>7.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accommodation & food services</td> <td>18,554</td> <td>7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agriculture</td> <td>15,021</td> <td>6.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Professional, scientific, & technical services</td> <td>14,097</td> <td>5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Transport, postal, & warehousing</td> <td>10,691</td> <td>4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other services</td> <td>8,739</td> <td>3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administrative & support services</td> <td>6,535</td> <td>2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wholesale trade</td> <td>6,185</td> <td>2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arts & recreation services</td> <td>5,992</td> <td>2.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Financial & insurance services</td> <td>5,248</td> <td>2.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Electricity, gas, water, & waste services</td> <td>4,321</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Information media & telecommunications</td> <td>3,552</td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rental, hiring, & real estate services</td> <td>2,990</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mining</td> <td>2,780</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Total industries</th> <th>250,621</th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <p>The modern <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> sector in Tasmania benefits from around $500 million in annual investment.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania has a long history of scientific and <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technological</a> <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first scientific-style <a href="/wiki/Observation" title="Observation">observations</a> were conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">First Nation Tasmanians</a>, primarily through the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_astronomy" title="Amateur astronomy">watching</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">mythologising</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Night_sky" title="Night sky">night sky</a>. Their story explaining the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_phase" title="Lunar phase">phases</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a> "is one of the rare accounts that explicitly acknowledges that the light of the Moon is a reflection of the Sun's light".<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Bruni_d%27Entrecasteaux" title="Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux">D'Entrecasteaux</a> Expedition of 1792–93 had anchored twice during its search of the missing <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">La Pérouse</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Recherche_Bay" title="Recherche Bay">Baie de la Recherche (Recherche Bay)</a> in far-south Tasmania. During their stay, the crew took <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_magnetic_field" title="Earth's magnetic field">geomagnetic</a> observations which were the first of their kind performed on Australian soil. As well as this, they engaged in amicable relations with the locals and environment, gifting the area a "French <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a>", in which "the relatively extensive, well-documented (both pictorially and written) encounters [...] between [them] provided a very early opportunity for meetings and mutual observation".<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The longest-running branch of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> outside of the United Kingdom is the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Tasmania" title="Royal Society of Tasmania">Royal Society of Tasmania</a> which was summoned in 1843. The Tasmanian Society of Natural History had been formed previously in 1838 before its merger with the Royal Society in 1849. It had been served by early <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanists</a> working in Tasmania such as <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Campbell_Gunn" title="Ronald Campbell Gunn">Ronald Gunn</a> and his correspondences.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_New_South_Wales" title="Tamworth, New South Wales">Tamworth</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> is often credited<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as being the first place in Australia with <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electric</a> <a href="/wiki/Street_light" title="Street light">street lighting</a> in 1888, <a href="/wiki/Waratah,_Tasmania" title="Waratah, Tasmania">Waratah</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_West_Tasmania" title="North West Tasmania">North West Tasmania</a> was actually the first place to do so in Australia in 1886, although at a smaller scale.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_literature" title="Tasmanian literature">Tasmanian literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg/170px-RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg/255px-RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/RichardFlanagan_300w.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Man_Booker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Man Booker Prize">Man Booker Prize</a>-winner <a href="/wiki/Richard_Flanagan" title="Richard Flanagan">Richard Flanagan</a> has written several novels set in his home state of Tasmania.</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable titles by Tasmanian authors include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Museum_of_Modern_Love" title="The Museum of Modern Love">The Museum of Modern Love</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Heather_Rose" title="Heather Rose">Heather Rose</a>, <i>The Narrow Road to the Deep North</i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Flanagan" title="Richard Flanagan">Richard Flanagan</a>, <i>The Alphabet of Light and Dark</i> by <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Wood_(writer)" title="Danielle Wood (writer)">Danielle Wood</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Roving_Party" title="The Roving Party">The Roving Party</a></i> by Rohan Wilson and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Year_of_Living_Dangerously_(novel)" title="The Year of Living Dangerously (novel)">The Year of Living Dangerously</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Koch" title="Christopher Koch">Christopher Koch</a>, <i>The Rain Queen</i><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Scholes" title="Katherine Scholes">Katherine Scholes</a>, <i>Bridget Crack</i><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Rachel Leary, and <i>The Blue Day Book</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Trevor_Greive" title="Bradley Trevor Greive">Bradley Trevor Greive</a>. A small part of <a href="/wiki/Helen_Garner" title="Helen Garner">Helen Garner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Grip_(novel)" title="Monkey Grip (novel)">Monkey Grip</a></i> is set in Hobart as the main characters take a sojourn there. Children's books include <i>They Found a Cave</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nan_Chauncy" title="Nan Chauncy">Nan Chauncy</a>, <i>The Museum of Thieves</i> by <a href="/wiki/Lian_Tanner" title="Lian Tanner">Lian Tanner</a>, <i>Finding Serendipity</i>, <i>A Week Without Tuesday</i> and <i>Blueberry Pancakes Forever</i><sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Angelica Banks, <i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Tale" title="Tiger Tale">Tiger Tale</a></i> by Marion and Steve Isham. Tasmania is home to the eminent literary magazine that was formed in 1979, <a href="/wiki/Island_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Island magazine">Island magazine</a>, and the biennial Tasmanian Writers and Readers Festival, now renamed the Hobart Writers Festival. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Gothic" title="Tasmanian Gothic">Tasmanian Gothic</a> is a literary genre which expresses the island state's "peculiar 'otherness' in relation to the mainland, as a remote, mysterious and self-enclosed place."<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Clarke" title="Marcus Clarke">Marcus Clarke</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_his_Natural_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="For the Term of his Natural Life">For the Term of his Natural Life</a></i>, written in the 1870s and set in convict era Tasmania, is a seminal example. This distinctive <a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> is not just restricted to literature, but can be represented through all <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> <p>The biennial <i>Tasmanian Living Artists' Week</i> is a ten-day statewide festival for Tasmania's visual artists. The fourth festival in 2007 involved more than 1000 artists. Tasmania is home to two winners of the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Prize" title="Archibald Prize">Archibald Prize</a>—<a href="/wiki/Jack_Carington_Smith" title="Jack Carington Smith">Jack Carington Smith</a> in 1963 for a portrait of <a href="/wiki/James_McAuley" title="James McAuley">James McAuley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Dyer" title="Geoffrey Dyer">Geoffrey Dyer</a> in 2003 for his portrait of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Flanagan" title="Richard Flanagan">Richard Flanagan</a>. Photographers <a href="/wiki/Olegas_Truchanas" title="Olegas Truchanas">Olegas Truchanas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dombrovskis" title="Peter Dombrovskis">Peter Dombrovskis</a> are known for works that became iconic in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pedder" title="Lake Pedder">Lake Pedder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Dam">Franklin Dam</a> conservation movements. English-born painter <a href="/wiki/John_Glover_(artist)" title="John Glover (artist)">John Glover</a> (1767–1849) is known for his paintings of Tasmanian landscapes, and is the namesake for the annual <a href="/wiki/Glover_Prize" title="Glover Prize">Glover Prize</a>, which is awarded to the best landscape painting of Tasmania. The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Old_and_New_Art" title="Museum of Old and New Art">Museum of Old and New Art</a> (MONA) opened in January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Moorilla_Estate" title="Moorilla Estate">Moorilla Estate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berriedale,_Tasmania" title="Berriedale, Tasmania">Berriedale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the largest privately owned museum complex in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg/700px-James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg/1050px-James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg/1400px-James_Turrell%27s_Amarna_at_Mona_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Old_and_New_Art" title="Museum of Old and New Art">Museum of Old and New Art</a> (MONA), the largest privately owned museum in the Southern Hemisphere</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_performing_arts">Music and performing arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Theatre_at_night,_Launceston.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG/220px-Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG/330px-Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG/440px-Princess_Theatre_at_night%2C_Launceston.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Princess_Theatre,_Launceston" title="Princess Theatre, Launceston">Princess Theatre</a> and Earl Arts Centre, <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tasmania has a varied musical scene, ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra">Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra</a> whose home is the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Grand_Chancellor,_Hobart" title="Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart">Federation Concert Hall</a>, to a substantial number of small bands, orchestras, string quintets, saxophone ensembles and individual artists who perform at a variety of venues around the state. Tasmania is also home to a vibrant community of composers including <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Koukias" title="Constantine Koukias">Constantine Koukias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Grenfell" title="Maria Grenfell">Maria Grenfell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Kay_(composer)" title="Don Kay (composer)">Don Kay</a>. Tasmania is also home to one of Australia's leading new music institutions, <a href="/wiki/IHOS_Music_Theatre_and_Opera" title="IHOS Music Theatre and Opera">IHOS Music Theatre and Opera</a> and gospel choirs, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Gospel_Choir" title="Southern Gospel Choir">Southern Gospel Choir</a>. Prominent Australian metal bands <a href="/wiki/Psycroptic" title="Psycroptic">Psycroptic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Striborg" title="Striborg">Striborg</a> hail from Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noir-rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Paradise_Motel" title="The Paradise Motel">The Paradise Motel</a> and 1980s power-pop band <a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_(Australian_band)" title="The Innocents (Australian band)">The Innocents</a><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also citizens. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Aboriginals" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Aboriginals">Tasmanian Aboriginals</a> were known to have sung <a href="/wiki/Oral_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral traditions">oral traditions</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Fanny_Cochrane_Smith" title="Fanny Cochrane Smith">Fanny Cochrane Smith</a> (the last fluent speaker of any <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_languages" title="Tasmanian languages">Tasmanian language</a>) had done so in recordings from 1899 to 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania has been home to some early and prominent <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_composers" title="List of Australian composers">Australian composers</a>. In piano, <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Parker" title="Katharine Parker">Kitty Parker</a> from <a href="/wiki/Longford,_Tasmania" title="Longford, Tasmania">Longford</a> was described by world-famous Australian composer <a href="/wiki/Percy_Grainger" title="Percy Grainger">Percy Grainger</a> as his most gifted student.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sculthorpe" title="Peter Sculthorpe">Peter Sculthorpe</a> was originally from <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a> and became well known in Australia for his works which were influenced by his Tasmanian origins, and he is, by coincidence, distantly related to Fanny Cochrane Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, Sculthorpe composed the piece <i>Port Arthur: In Memoriam</i> for chamber <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a>, which was first performed by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra">Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sandys_Packer" title="Charles Sandys Packer">Charles Sandys Packer</a> was an early Tasmanian example of the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Australian_classical_music" title="Australian classical music">Australian classical music</a>, transported for the crime of embezzlement in 1839, and at a similar time <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hartwell_Henslowe" title="Francis Hartwell Henslowe">Francis Hartwell Henslowe</a> had spent time as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil servant">public servant</a> in Tasmania. <a href="/wiki/Amy_Sherwin" title="Amy Sherwin">Amy Sherwin</a>, known as the <i>Tasmanian Nightingale</i> was a successful <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Joyce" title="Eileen Joyce">Eileen Joyce</a>, who came from remote <a href="/wiki/Zeehan" title="Zeehan">Zeehan</a>, became a world-renowned pianist at the time of her peak.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Bands_League" title="Tasmanian Bands League">Tasmanian Bands League</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Tasmania" title="List of films shot in Tasmania">List of films shot in Tasmania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Television_shows_set_in_Tasmania" title="Category:Television shows set in Tasmania">Category:Television shows set in Tasmania</a></div> <p>Films set in Tasmania include <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Einstein" title="Young Einstein">Young Einstein</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Ruby_Rose" title="The Tale of Ruby Rose">The Tale of Ruby Rose</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunter_(2011_Australian_film)" title="The Hunter (2011 Australian film)">The Hunter</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Confession_of_Alexander_Pearce" title="The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce">The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce</a></i>, <i>Arctic Blast</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Manganinnie" title="Manganinnie">Manganinnie</a></i> (with music composed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sculthorpe" title="Peter Sculthorpe">Peter Sculthorpe</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Van_Diemen%27s_Land_(film)" title="Van Diemen's Land (film)">Van Diemen's Land</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_(2016_film)" title="Lion (2016 film)">Lion</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nightingale_(2018_film)" title="The Nightingale (2018 film)">The Nightingale</a></i>. Common within <a href="/wiki/Australian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian cinema">Australian cinema</a>, the Tasmanian landscape is a focal point in most of their feature film productions. <i>The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce</i> and <i>Van Diemen's Land</i> are both set during an episode of Tasmania's convict history. Tasmanian film production goes as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Silent_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent era">silent era</a>, with the epic <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Term_of_His_Natural_Life_(1927_film)" title="For the Term of His Natural Life (1927 film)">For The Term of His Natural Life</a></i> in 1927 being the most expensive feature film made on Australian shores. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kettering_Incident" title="The Kettering Incident">The Kettering Incident</a></i>, filmed in and around <a href="/wiki/Kettering,_Tasmania" title="Kettering, Tasmania">Kettering, Tasmania</a>, won the 2016 AACTA Award for Best Telefeature or Miniseries. The <a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">documentary series</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" title="Walking with Dinosaurs">Walking with Dinosaurs</a></i> was partly filmed in Tasmania due to its terrain. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Film_Corporation" title="Tasmanian Film Corporation">Tasmanian Film Corporation</a>, which financed <i><a href="/wiki/Manganinnie" title="Manganinnie">Manganinnie</a></i>, was the successor to the Tasmanian Government Department of Film Production but disappeared after privatisation. Its role is now filled by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, Screen Tasmania, and private ventures such as Blue Rocket Productions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_Education">Higher Education</h3></div> <p>Tasmania is served by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tasmania" title="University of Tasmania">University of Tasmania</a>, a research university established in 1846. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_media" title="Tasmanian media">Tasmanian media</a></div> <p>Tasmania has five broadcast television stations which produce local content including <a href="/wiki/ABC_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Tasmania">ABC Tasmania</a>, <a href="/wiki/TNT_(Australian_TV_station)" title="TNT (Australian TV station)">Seven Tasmania</a> – an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVT_(TV_station)" title="TVT (TV station)">WIN Television Tasmania</a> – an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/TDT_(TV_station)" title="TDT (TV station)">10 Tasmania</a> – an affiliate of <a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">Network 10</a> (joint owned by WIN and Southern Cross), and <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Tasmania" title="Sport in Tasmania">Sport in Tasmania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg/220px-Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg/330px-Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg/440px-Bellerive_oval_hobart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bellerive_Oval" title="Bellerive Oval">Bellerive Oval</a> hosts <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, Tasmania's two most popular spectator sports.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sport is an important pastime in Tasmania, and the state has produced several famous sportsmen and women and also hosted several major sporting events. The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian Tigers">Tasmanian Tigers</a> cricket team represents the state successfully (for example the <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Shield" title="Sheffield Shield">Sheffield Shield</a> in 2007, 2011 and 2013) and plays its home games at the <a href="/wiki/Bellerive_Oval" title="Bellerive Oval">Bellerive Oval</a> in Hobart, which is also the home ground for the <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Hurricanes" title="Hobart Hurricanes">Hobart Hurricanes</a> in the Big Bash League. In addition, Bellerive Oval regularly hosts international cricket matches. Famous Tasmanian cricketers include <a href="/wiki/David_Boon" title="David Boon">David Boon</a>, former Australian captains <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Ponting" title="Ricky Ponting">Ricky Ponting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paine" title="Tim Paine">Tim Paine</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Tasmania" title="Australian rules football in Tasmania">Australian rules football in Tasmania</a> is the most watched form of football and a <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_AFL_Bid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian AFL Bid">Tasmanian team</a> was awarded a license to enter the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a> (AFL) in 2028 to be based out of a new <a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Point_Stadium" title="Macquarie Point Stadium">Macquarie Point Stadium</a>. AFL matches have been played since 2001 at <a href="/wiki/York_Park" title="York Park">Aurora Stadium</a> in Launceston and Bellerive Oval in Hobart. Local leagues include the <a href="/wiki/North_West_Football_League" title="North West Football League">North West Football League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_State_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmanian State League">Tasmanian State League</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soccer_in_Tasmania" title="Soccer in Tasmania">Soccer in Tasmania</a> is the most participated football code and there is an active <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_A-League_bid" title="Tasmanian A-League bid">Tasmanian A-League bid</a>. The existing statewide league is the <a href="/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Tasmania" title="National Premier Leagues Tasmania">NPL Tasmania</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby Union">Rugby Union</a> is also played in Tasmania and is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Rugby_Union" title="Tasmanian Rugby Union">Tasmanian Rugby Union</a>. Ten clubs take part in the statewide Tasmanian Rugby Competition. </p><p>Tasmania hosts the professional <a href="/wiki/Moorilla_Hobart_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorilla Hobart International">Moorilla International</a> tennis tournament as part of the lead up to the Australian Open and is played at the <a href="/wiki/Hobart_International_Tennis_Centre" title="Hobart International Tennis Centre">Hobart International Tennis Centre</a>, Hobart. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sydney_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race" title="Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race">Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race</a> is an annual event starting in Sydney, NSW, on Boxing Day and finishing in Hobart, Tasmania. It is widely considered to be one of the most difficult yacht races in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In basketball, Tasmania has previously been represented in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australia)" title="National Basketball League (Australia)">National Basketball League (NBL)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Casino_City" title="Launceston Casino City">Launceston Casino City</a> (1980–1982), the <a href="/wiki/Devonport_Warriors" title="Devonport Warriors">Devonport Warriors</a> (1983–1984), and the <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Devils" title="Hobart Devils">Hobart Devils</a> (1983–1996). Since the <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_NBL_season" title="2021–22 NBL season">2021–22 NBL season</a>, Tasmania has been represented by the <a href="/wiki/Tasmania_JackJumpers" title="Tasmania JackJumpers">Tasmania JackJumpers</a>, a state-wide franchise which plays its home games in both Hobart and Launceston. The JackJumpers secured their maiden <a href="/wiki/List_of_NBL_champions" title="List of NBL champions">NBL championship</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_NBL_season" title="2023–24 NBL season">2023–24 season</a>, marking Tasmania's first NBL title since Launceston Casino City in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_wine" title="Tasmanian wine">Tasmanian wine</a></div> <p>Tasmanian Aboriginal people had a diverse diet, including native currants, pigface, and native plums, and a wide range of birds and kangaroos. Seafood has always been a significant part of the Tasmanian diet, including its wide range of shellfish, which are still commercially farmed<sup id="cite_ref-goway_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goway-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crayfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">orange roughy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmon (food)">salmon</a><sup id="cite_ref-goway_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goway-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-goway_189-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goway-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seal meat also formed a significant part of the Aboriginal diet.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tasmania's non-Aboriginal cuisine has a unique history to mainland Australia. It has developed through many subsequent waves of immigration. Tasmanian traditional foods include scallop pies – a pie filled with scallops in curry – and curry powder, which was popularised by <a href="/wiki/Keen%27s" title="Keen's">Keen's Curry</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmania also produces and consumes wasabi, saffron, truffles and leatherwood honey.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg/220px-Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg/330px-Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg/440px-Cascade_Brewery_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2373" /></a><figcaption>Built in Hobart in 1824, <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Brewery" title="Cascade Brewery">Cascade Brewery</a> is Australia's oldest continuously operating brewery.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tasmania now has a wide range of restaurants, in part due to the arrival of immigrants and changing cultural patterns. Scattered across Tasmania are many vineyards,<sup id="cite_ref-goway_189-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goway-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Tasmanian beer brands such as <a href="/wiki/Boags" class="mw-redirect" title="Boags">Boags</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Brewery" title="Cascade Brewery">Cascade</a> are known and sold in Mainland Australia. <a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Tasmania)" title="King Island (Tasmania)">King Island</a> off the northwestern coast of Tasmania has a reputation for boutique cheeses<sup id="cite_ref-goway_189-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goway-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dairy products. </p><p>The <i>Central Cookery Book</i> was written in 1930 by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Christina_Irvine" title="Alice Christina Irvine">A. C. Irvine</a> and is still popular in Australia and even internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tasmanian cuisine is often unique and has won many awards. One example is the Hartshorn Distillery, which has won prizes in the World <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a> Awards for three years in a row since 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_in_Tasmania" title="List of events in Tasmania">List of events in Tasmania</a></div> <p>To foster tourism, the state government encourages or supports several annual events in and around the island. The best known of these is the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race" title="Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race">Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race</a>, starting on <a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Boxing Day</a> in Sydney and usually arriving at <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Dock" title="Constitution Dock">Constitution Dock</a> in Hobart around three to four days later, during the <a href="/wiki/Taste_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Taste of Tasmania">Taste of Tasmania</a>, an annual food and wine festival. Other events include the <a href="/wiki/Targa_Tasmania" title="Targa Tasmania">Targa Tasmania</a> <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">rally</a> which attracts rally drivers from around the world and is staged all over the state, over five days. Rural or regional events include <a href="/wiki/Agfest" title="Agfest">Agfest</a>, a three-day <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_show" title="Agricultural show">agricultural show</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Carrick,_Tasmania" title="Carrick, Tasmania">Carrick</a> (just west of Launceston) in early May and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> supported TastroFest – Tasmania's Astronomy Festival, held early August in <a href="/wiki/Ulverstone,_Tasmania" title="Ulverstone, Tasmania">Ulverstone</a> (Northwest Tasmania). The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hobart_Show" title="Royal Hobart Show">Royal Hobart Show</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Launceston_Show" title="Royal Launceston Show">Royal Launceston Show</a> are both held in October annually. </p><p>Music events held in Tasmania include the <a href="/wiki/Falls_Festival" title="Falls Festival">Falls Festival</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marion_Bay,_Tasmania" title="Marion Bay, Tasmania">Marion Bay</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victorian</a> event now held in both Victoria and Tasmania on New Year's Eve); the Festival of Voices, a national celebration of song held each year in Hobart attracting international and national teachers and choirs in the heart of Winter; and <a href="/wiki/MS_Fest" title="MS Fest">MS Fest</a>, a charity music event held in Launceston to raise money for those with <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cygnet_Folk_Festival" title="Cygnet Folk Festival">Cygnet Folk Festival</a> is one of Australia's most iconic <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> festivals and is held in <a href="/wiki/Cygnet,_Tasmania" title="Cygnet, Tasmania">Cygnet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Huon_Valley" title="Huon Valley">Huon Valley</a> every year in January.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tasmanian Lute Festival is an early music event held in different locations in Tasmania every two years. Recent additions to the state arts events calendar include the <a href="/wiki/10_Days_on_the_Island" title="10 Days on the Island">10 Days on the Island</a> arts festival, <a href="/wiki/MONA_FOMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MONA FOMA">MONA FOMA</a>, run by <a href="/wiki/David_Walsh_(art_collector)" title="David Walsh (art collector)">David Walsh</a> and curated by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Ritchie" title="Brian Ritchie">Brian Ritchie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dark_Mofo" title="Dark Mofo">Dark Mofo</a> also run by <a href="/wiki/David_Walsh_(art_collector)" title="David Walsh (art collector)">David Walsh</a> and curated by Leigh Carmichael. </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Unconformity" title="The Unconformity">The Unconformity</a> is a three-day festival held every two years in <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_Tasmania" title="Queenstown, Tasmania">Queenstown</a> on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast of Tasmania">West Coast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each February in <a href="/wiki/Evandale,_Tasmania" title="Evandale, Tasmania">Evandale</a> a <a href="/wiki/Penny-farthing" title="Penny-farthing">penny-farthing</a> championships are held.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perception_within_Australia">Perception within Australia</h3></div> <p>Tasmania is perceived within Australia and internationally as an island with pristine wildlife, water and air. It is known for its <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> for these reasons, and is considered an idyllic location for Australians considering a "tree-" or "sea-change", or are seeking <a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">retirement</a> because of Tasmania's <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate environment</a> and friendly locals.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other parts of the world, Tasmania is considered as the opposite side of the planet to most places, and supposedly home to mythically exotic animals, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Devil_(Looney_Tunes)" title="Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes)">Tasmanian Devil</a> as popularised by <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stereotypes">Stereotypes</h4></div> <p>Tasmania has a reputation within Australia that is often at odds with the reality of the state or may have only been true during colonial times and has only persevered on the Australian mainland as a <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a>. Because of these <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes">stereotypes</a>, Tasmania is often referred to as the primary target (i.e., "butt") of mainland Australian jokes.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more recent times, references to insults against Tasmania are more <a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">sarcastic</a> and jovial, but angst against the island still exists. The most commonly cited sarcastic comment is on the supposedly '<a href="/wiki/Polycephaly" title="Polycephaly">two-headed</a>' Tasmanians, which originated due to some colonists developing <a href="/wiki/Goitre" title="Goitre">goitres</a> from the low amount of <a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">iodine</a> in the island's soil.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as Tasmania receives higher volumes of inter-state tourists, the perceptions are in the process of changing.<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prominent example of negative stereotype is of <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a> due to the relatively small size of Tasmania compared to the rest of Australia (though Tasmania is nearly as large as the Republic of Ireland in area, and more populous than <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>). This is untrue and if it had once been the case, it would have existed in the rest of colonial Australia as well, though Tasmania's penal establishments were some of the harshest in the entire colony and home to infamous bushrangers. This is a part of the also-receding global stereotype that all Australians are or were derived from criminals, even as most <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convicts</a> were transported for petty crimes. During this period of European settlement, Tasmania was the second centre of power (and a significant port of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>) on the continent after <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, before being surpassed in the latter half of the 19th century by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and regions sustained by <a href="/wiki/Australian_gold_rushes" title="Australian gold rushes">mining booms</a> following the cessation of transportation in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mentality developed in certain corners of Australia, and led to a general dislike of Tasmania amongst these people, even if the opinion-holder had never properly visited. It can rise to such an extent as to argue for the secession of Tasmania from the rest of Australia, in an effort to 'recover' Australia's reputation from Tasmania.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport in Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HobartAirportTerminal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/HobartAirportTerminal.jpg/220px-HobartAirportTerminal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/HobartAirportTerminal.jpg/330px-HobartAirportTerminal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/HobartAirportTerminal.jpg/440px-HobartAirportTerminal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hobart_Airport" title="Hobart Airport">Hobart Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <p>Tasmania's main air carriers are <a href="/wiki/Jetstar" title="Jetstar">Jetstar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a> and <a href="/wiki/QantasLink" title="QantasLink">QantasLink</a>. These airlines fly direct routes to <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Airport" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Airport" title="Melbourne Airport">Melbourne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Airport" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney</a>. Major airports include <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Airport" title="Hobart Airport">Hobart Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Airport" title="Launceston Airport">Launceston Airport</a>; the smaller airports, <a href="/wiki/Burnie_Airport" title="Burnie Airport">Burnie</a> (Wynyard) and <a href="/wiki/King_Island_Airport" title="King Island Airport">King Island</a>, serviced by Rex Airlines; and <a href="/wiki/Devonport_Airport" title="Devonport Airport">Devonport</a>, serviced by QantasLink; have services to Melbourne. Intra-Tasmanian air services are offered by <a href="/wiki/Airlines_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Airlines of Tasmania">Airlines of Tasmania</a>. Until 2001 <a href="/wiki/Ansett_Australia" title="Ansett Australia">Ansett Australia</a> operated majorly out of Tasmania to 12 destinations nationwide. Tourism-related air travel is also represented in Tasmania, such as in the <a href="/wiki/Airlines_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Airlines of Tasmania">Par Avion</a> route between <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Aerodrome" title="Cambridge Aerodrome">Cambridge Aerodrome</a> near Hobart to <a href="/wiki/Melaleuca,_Tasmania" title="Melaleuca, Tasmania">Melaleuca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southwest_National_Park" title="Southwest National Park">Southwest National Park</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antarctica_base">Antarctica base</h3></div> <p>Tasmania – Hobart in particular – serves as Australia's chief sea link to Antarctica, with the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Division" title="Australian Antarctic Division">Australian Antarctic Division</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Tasmania" title="Kingston, Tasmania">Kingston</a>. Hobart is also the home port of the French ship <i>l'Astrolabe</i>, which makes regular supply runs to the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern Territories</a> near and in Antarctica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridgewater_Bridge,_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/220px-Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/330px-Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg/440px-Bridgewater_Bridge%2C_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Bridge_(Tasmania)" title="Bridgewater Bridge (Tasmania)">Bridgewater Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Within the state, the primary form of transport is by road. Since the 1980s, many of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Tasmania" title="List of highways in Tasmania">state's highways</a> have undergone regular upgrades. These include the Hobart <a href="/wiki/Southern_Outlet,_Hobart" title="Southern Outlet, Hobart">Southern Outlet</a>, Launceston Southern Outlet, <a href="/wiki/Bass_Highway_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass Highway (Tasmania)">Bass Highway</a> reconstruction, and the <a href="/wiki/Huon_Highway" title="Huon Highway">Huon Highway</a>. Public transport is provided by <a href="/wiki/Metro_Tasmania" title="Metro Tasmania">Metro Tasmania</a> bus services, regular taxis and Hobart only<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UBER ride-share services within urban areas, with <a href="/wiki/Redline_Coaches" title="Redline Coaches">Redline Coaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tassielink_Transit" title="Tassielink Transit">Tassielink Transit</a> and Callows Coaches providing bus service between population centres. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_(4754055363).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg/220px-West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg/330px-West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg/440px-West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway_%284754055363%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway" title="West Coast Wilderness Railway">West Coast Wilderness Railway</a> runs from <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_Tasmania" title="Queenstown, Tasmania">Queenstown</a> to <a href="/wiki/Strahan,_Tasmania" title="Strahan, Tasmania">Strahan</a> and is a reminder of the once elaborate network of rail in Tasmania.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Tasmania" title="Rail transport in Tasmania">Rail transport in Tasmania</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Tasmania" title="Rail transport in Tasmania">Rail transport in Tasmania</a> consists of narrow-gauge lines to all four major population centres and to mining and forestry operations on the west coast and in the northwest. Services are operated by <a href="/wiki/TasRail_(2009)" class="mw-redirect" title="TasRail (2009)">TasRail</a>. Regular passenger train services in the state ceased in 1977; the only scheduled trains are for freight, but there are tourist trains in specific areas, for example the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Wilderness_Railway" title="West Coast Wilderness Railway">West Coast Wilderness Railway</a>. There is an <a href="/wiki/Riverline" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverline">ongoing proposal</a> to reinstate commuter trains to Hobart. This idea however lacks political motivation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping">Shipping</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait_Ferries" class="mw-redirect" title="Bass Strait Ferries">Bass Strait Ferries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg/220px-Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg/330px-Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg/440px-Spirit_of_Tasmania_Port_Melbourne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2563" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/MS_Spirit_of_Tasmania_II" title="MS Spirit of Tasmania II">Spirit of Tasmania</a></i> links the island with mainland Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a substantial amount of commercial and recreational shipping within Hobart's harbour, and the port hosts approximately 120 cruise ships during the warmer half of the year, and there are occasional visits from military vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-dpacmr_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dpacmr-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burnie and Devonport on the northwest coast host ports and several other coastal towns host either small fishing ports or substantial marinas. The domestic sea route between Tasmania and the mainland is serviced by <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> passenger/vehicle ferries operated by the Tasmanian government-owned <a href="/wiki/TT-Line_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="TT-Line Company">TT-Line</a>. The state is also home to <a href="/wiki/Incat" title="Incat">Incat</a>, a manufacturer of very high-speed aluminium catamarans that regularly broke records when they were first launched. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Ossa & Mount Pelion West"><img alt="Mount Ossa & Mount Pelion West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg/302px-Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg/454px-Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg/604px-Ossa_and_Pelion_West_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1596" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ossa_(Tasmania)" title="Mount Ossa (Tasmania)">Mount Ossa</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pelion_West" title="Mount Pelion West">Mount Pelion West</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granton_Vineyard,_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granton Vineyard in autumn"><img alt="Granton Vineyard in autumn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg/295px-Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg/443px-Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg/589px-Granton_Vineyard%2C_Tasmania_in_autumn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="986" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Granton Vineyard in autumn </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hobart from kunanyi / Mount Wellington"><img alt="Hobart from kunanyi / Mount Wellington" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg/293px-Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg/440px-Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg/585px-Hobart_moonrise_from_Mt_Wellington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kunanyi_/_Mount_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunanyi / Mount Wellington">kunanyi / Mount Wellington</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_River_(30198084246).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King River"><img alt="King River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg/260px-King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg/391px-King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg/520px-King_River_%2830198084246%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/King_River_(Tasmania)" title="King River (Tasmania)">King River</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mixed_forest,_the_Styx_River,_Tasmania.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="River Styx"><img alt="River Styx" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG/295px-Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG" decoding="async" width="197" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG/443px-Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG/589px-Mixed_forest%2C_the_Styx_River%2C_Tasmania.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Styx_River_(Tasmania)" title="Styx River (Tasmania)">River Styx</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="92-metre-high Eucalyptus regnans"><img alt="92-metre-high Eucalyptus regnans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg/293px-Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg/439px-Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg/585px-Tasmania_logging_01_under_tallest_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">92-metre-high <i><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_regnans" title="Eucalyptus regnans">Eucalyptus regnans</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temperate rainforest"><img alt="Temperate rainforest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg/293px-Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg/441px-Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg/587px-Sun_rays_through_the_forest_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Temperate_rainforest" title="Temperate rainforest">Temperate rainforest</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Arthur_Range,_SW_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Pedder and Mount Anne from Western Arthurs"><img alt="Lake Pedder and Mount Anne from Western Arthurs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg/347px-Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg/521px-Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg/694px-Western_Arthur_Range%2C_SW_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pedder" title="Lake Pedder">Lake Pedder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Anne" title="Mount Anne">Mount Anne</a> from <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Range_(Tasmania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Range (Tasmania)">Western Arthurs</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake,_Tasmania,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cradle Mountain from the shore of Dove Lake"><img alt="Cradle Mountain from the shore of Dove Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/260px-Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/391px-Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/520px-Cradle_Mountain_from_the_shore_of_Dove_Lake%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cradle_Mountain" title="Cradle Mountain">Cradle Mountain</a> from the shore of <a href="/wiki/Dove_Lake_(Tasmania)" title="Dove Lake (Tasmania)">Dove Lake</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cataract Gorge, Launceston"><img alt="Cataract Gorge, Launceston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg/261px-Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg/392px-Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg/522px-Cataract_Gorge_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cataract_Gorge" title="Cataract Gorge">Cataract Gorge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 176px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 174px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sub-Antarctic Garden, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart"><img alt="Sub-Antarctic Garden, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg/261px-Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg/392px-Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg/522px-Antarctic_Garden_Hobart_BG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sub-Antarctic Garden, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tasmanian_Botanical_Gardens" title="Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens">Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_Roland,_Tasmania,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Roland"><img alt="Mount Roland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/293px-Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/440px-Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg/585px-Mt_Roland%2C_Tasmania%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3819" data-file-height="2546" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Roland_Conservation_Area" title="Mount Roland Conservation Area">Mount Roland</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/32px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/48px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png/64px-%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="617" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Oceania" title="Portal:Oceania">Oceania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">Index of Australia-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_Tasmania" title="List of amphibians of Tasmania">List of amphibians of Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Tasmania" title="List of schools in Tasmania">List of schools in Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omission_of_Tasmania_from_maps_of_Australia" title="Omission of Tasmania from maps of Australia">Omission of Tasmania from maps of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Australia" title="Outline of Australia">Outline of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tasmania" title="Regions of Tasmania">Regions of Tasmania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland, Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> are listed separately</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As a percentage of 475,884 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Celtic Australian">Anglo-Celtic</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/">"Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre – Official Aboriginal and Dual Names of places"</a>. Tacinc.com.au. 28 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925075102/http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aboriginal+Centre+%E2%80%93+Official+Aboriginal+and+Dual+Names+of+places&rft.pub=Tacinc.com.au&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftacinc.com.au%2Fofficial-aboriginal-and-dual-names%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210903215126/https://www.lexico.com/definition/taswegian">"Taswegian"</a>. <i>Lexico OED</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/taswegian">the original</a> on 3 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+OED&rft.atitle=Taswegian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Ftaswegian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210120132220/https://www.lexico.com/definition/vandemonian">"Vandemonian"</a>. <i>Lexico OED</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexico.com/definition/vandemonian">the original</a> on 20 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico+OED&rft.atitle=Vandemonian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fvandemonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSPop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABSPop_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022">"National, state and territory population – March 2021"</a>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3218.0+%E2%80%93+Regional+Population+Growth%2C+Australia%2C+2016%E2%80%9317%3A+Main+Features&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAUSSTATS%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F3218.0Main%2BFeatures12016-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span> Estimated resident population, 30 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-06/population-outside-hobart-means-struggle-for-services/101829418">"Tasmania to 'rewrite' its population strategy as forecast sees state reaching target 15 years early"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 5 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610002350/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-06/population-outside-hobart-means-struggle-for-services/101829418">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discover+Tasmania&rft.atitle=QUIRKY+PLACE+NAMES+OF+TASMANIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovertasmania.com.au%2Fabout%2Farticles%2Fquirky-place-names-of-tasmania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryan1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ryan1_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 3–6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=3-6&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lyndall-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lyndall_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 4, 43, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" 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class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103925/http://eprints.utas.edu.au/17070/2/Whole-Clements-thesis.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Conflict+in+Van+Diemen%27s+Land+%28PhD+thesis%29&rft.pages=324%2C+325&rft.pub=University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F17070%2F2%2FWhole-Clements-thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hughes121-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hughes121_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes121_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes121_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes121_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hughes121_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1987" class="citation cs2">Hughes, Robert (1987), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fatalshorehistor00hugh/page/120"><i>The Fatal Shore</i></a></span>, London: Pan, pp. 120–125, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-29892-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-29892-6"><bdi>978-0-330-29892-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fatal+Shore&rft.place=London&rft.pages=120-125&rft.pub=Pan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-330-29892-6&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffatalshorehistor00hugh%2Fpage%2F120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 15, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 21, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parity-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parity_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 54–57, 71, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=54-57%2C+71&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 140, 145, 202, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=140%2C+145%2C+202&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13150130?searchTerm=treaty%20aboriginal">"The Fate Of The Aboriginal Inhabitants (Sydney Morning Herald, 21 Feb 1867, p.8)"</a>. <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>. 21 February 1867. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817003525/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13150130?searchTerm=treaty%20aboriginal">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Fate+Of+The+Aboriginal+Inhabitants+%28Sydney+Morning+Herald%2C+21+Feb+1867%2C+p.8%29&rft.date=1867-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F13150130%3FsearchTerm%3Dtreaty%2520aboriginal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2014" class="citation web cs1">Clements, Nicholas (24 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/tasmanias-black-war-a-tragic-case-of-lest-we-remember-25663">"Tasmania's Black War: a tragic case of lest we remember?"</a>. <i>Honorary Research Associate, University of Tasmania</i>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027124612/http://theconversation.com/tasmanias-black-war-a-tragic-case-of-lest-we-remember-25663">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Honorary+Research+Associate%2C+University+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Tasmania%27s+Black+War%3A+a+tragic+case+of+lest+we+remember%3F&rft.date=2014-04-24&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Ftasmanias-black-war-a-tragic-case-of-lest-we-remember-25663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-War">"Black War – Australian History"</a>. <i>The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027125931/https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-War">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Black+War+%E2%80%93+Australian+History&rft.btitle=The+Editors+of+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBlack-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2014" class="citation cs2">Clements, Nicholas (2014), <i>The Black War</i>, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, p. 36, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4"><bdi>978-0-70225-006-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+War&rft.place=Brisbane&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-70225-006-4&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 58, 62, 66, 74–75, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=58%2C+62%2C+66%2C+74-75&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65989331">"The Black War (The Cornwall Chronicle, Launceston: 8 Sep, 1860, p.3)"</a>. <i>Cornwall Chronicle</i>. 8 September 1860. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810231144/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65989331">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornwall+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Black+War+%28The+Cornwall+Chronicle%2C+Launceston%3A+8+Sep%2C+1860%2C+p.3%29&rft.date=1860-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F65989331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8791038">"The Black Natives (Hobart Town Gazette, 11 Nov 1926, p.2)"</a>. <i>Hobart Town Gazette</i>. 11 November 1826. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810225234/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/8791038">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hobart+Town+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+Black+Natives+%28Hobart+Town+Gazette%2C+11+Nov+1926%2C+p.2%29&rft.date=1826-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F8791038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2014" class="citation cs2">Clements, Nicholas (2014), <i>The Black War</i>, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, pp. 20, 49, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4"><bdi>978-0-70225-006-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+War&rft.place=Brisbane&rft.pages=20%2C+49&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-70225-006-4&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 93–100, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=93-100&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll2014-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carroll2014_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhadija_von_Zinnenburg_Carroll2014" class="citation book cs1">Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll (28 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P9CpBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92"><i>Art in the Time of Colony</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 92–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-5596-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-5596-7"><bdi>978-1-4094-5596-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+in+the+Time+of+Colony&rft.pages=92-&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-5596-7&rft.au=Khadija+von+Zinnenburg+Carroll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP9CpBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan2003-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morgan2003_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon_Morgan2003" class="citation book cs1">Sharon Morgan (11 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bTJeskna35YC&pg=PA151"><i>Land Settlement in Early Tasmania: Creating an Antipodean England</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52296-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52296-0"><bdi>978-0-521-52296-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+Settlement+in+Early+Tasmania%3A+Creating+an+Antipodean+England&rft.pages=151-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003-12-11&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52296-0&rft.au=Sharon+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbTJeskna35YC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 101–105, 123, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=101-105%2C+123&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2014" class="citation cs2">Clements, Nicholas (2014), <i>The Black War</i>, Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, pp. 95–101, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-70225-006-4"><bdi>978-0-70225-006-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+War&rft.place=Brisbane&rft.pages=95-101&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-70225-006-4&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2013" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Henry (2013). <i>The Forgotten War</i>. UNSW Australia. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781742233925" title="Special:BookSources/9781742233925"><bdi>9781742233925</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+War&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=UNSW+Australia&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781742233925&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. 1199–216, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=1199-216&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2013" class="citation cs2">Clements, Nicholas (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/17070/2/Whole-Clements-thesis.pdf"><i>Frontier Conflict in Van Diemen's Land (PhD thesis)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, University of Tasmania, pp. 329–331, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103925/http://eprints.utas.edu.au/17070/2/Whole-Clements-thesis.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Conflict+in+Van+Diemen%27s+Land+%28PhD+thesis%29&rft.pages=329-331&rft.pub=University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F17070%2F2%2FWhole-Clements-thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, p. 296, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=296&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2012" class="citation cs2">Ryan, Lyndall (2012), <i>Tasmanian Aborigines</i>, Sydney: Allen & Unwin, pp. xix, 215, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74237-068-2"><bdi>978-1-74237-068-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tasmanian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=xix%2C+215&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74237-068-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Lyndall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroome2019" class="citation book cs1">Broome, Richard (2019). <i>Aboriginal Australians</i> (Fifth ed.). Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760528218" title="Special:BookSources/9781760528218"><bdi>9781760528218</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Australians&rft.place=Crows+Nest&rft.pages=44&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781760528218&rft.aulast=Broome&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Clements, Nicholas (2013). pp. 110–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 264, 296, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=264%2C+296&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clements, Nicholas (2013). pp. 264–65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2019" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Josephine (2019). <i>The Original Australians, the story of the Aboriginal people</i>. Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760527075" title="Special:BookSources/9781760527075"><bdi>9781760527075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Original+Australians%2C+the+story+of+the+Aboriginal+people&rft.place=Crows+Nest&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Allen+and+Unwin&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781760527075&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Josephine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2010" class="citation cs2">Boyce, James (2010), <i>Van Diemen's Land</i>, Melbourne: Black Inc, pp. 1, 158, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86395-491-4"><bdi>978-1-86395-491-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Van+Diemen%27s+Land&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=1%2C+158&rft.pub=Black+Inc&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-86395-491-4&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseum_of_Australian_Democracy" class="citation web cs1">Museum of Australian Democracy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-34.html">"Constitution Act 1855 (Tas)"</a>. <i>Documenting Democracy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724232320/https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-sdid-34.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenting+Democracy&rft.atitle=Constitution+Act+1855+%28Tas%29&rft.au=Museum+of+Australian+Democracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundingdocs.gov.au%2Fitem-sdid-34.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandersReading2023" class="citation web cs1">Sanders, Peter; Reading, Kristy (9 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-09/tamworth-135-years-electric-streetlights-australia-first-council/103078122">"Tamworth celebrates 135 trailblazing years as Australia's first with electric streetlights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240504235241/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-11-09/tamworth-135-years-electric-streetlights-australia-first-council/103078122">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Tamworth+celebrates+135+trailblazing+years+as+Australia%27s+first+with+electric+streetlights&rft.date=2023-11-09&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Reading%2C+Kristy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2023-11-09%2Ftamworth-135-years-electric-streetlights-australia-first-council%2F103078122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyle2020" class="citation book cs1">Moyle, Helen (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/australias-fertility-transition"><i>Australia's fertility transition : a study of 19th-century Tasmania</i></a>. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781760463366" title="Special:BookSources/9781760463366"><bdi>9781760463366</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvxrpxqd">j.ctvxrpxqd</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200712232038/https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/australias-fertility-transition">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.utas.edu.au&rft.atitle=Green+Politics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FG%2FGreen%2520Politics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommons_Librarian2022" class="citation web cs1">Commons Librarian (31 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.org/franklin-river-campaign/">"Franklin River Campaign"</a>. <i>The Commons Social Change Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003094947/https://commonslibrary.org/franklin-river-campaign/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Black+Tuesday+bushfires%3A+Two+more+Tasmanians+officially+recognised+as+victims+of+1967+blaze&rft.date=2017-02-07&rft.aulast=Beavis&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-02-07%2Fblack-tuesday-plaque-honouring-1967-tasmanian-bushfire-victims%2F8246740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommons_Librarian2023" class="citation web cs1">Commons Librarian (22 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.org/campaigns-that-changed-tasmania/">"Campaigns that Changed Tasmania"</a>. <i>The Commons Social Change Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229135207/https://commonslibrary.org/campaigns-that-changed-tasmania/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tasmanian+Geographic&rft.atitle=BUREAU+OF+BIODIVERSITY+AWARENESSFEATURE+ARTICLEISSUE+ONEMAGAZINE+The+Last+Deciduous+Tree+in+Tasmania&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftasmaniangeographic.com%2Fthe-last-deciduous-tree%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waterfallsoftasmania.com.au/waterfalls/russell_falls">"Russell Falls"</a>. <i>Waterfalls of Tasmania</i>. 2 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904232007/https://waterfallsoftasmania.com.au/waterfalls/russell_falls">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Waterfalls+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Russell+Falls&rft.date=2020-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwaterfallsoftasmania.com.au%2Fwaterfalls%2Frussell_falls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westcoasttas.com.au/listings/ocean-beach">"Ocean Beach"</a>. <i>West Coast Tasmania</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904231956/https://westcoasttas.com.au/listings/ocean-beach">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Coast+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Ocean+Beach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwestcoasttas.com.au%2Flistings%2Focean-beach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nothofagus+cunninghamii">"Nothofagus cunninghamii – Hook.&Oerst"</a>. <i>Plants For a Future (PFAF)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904231954/https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nothofagus+cunninghamii">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+For+a+Future+%28PFAF%29&rft.atitle=Nothofagus+cunninghamii+%E2%80%93+Hook.%26Oerst.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfaf.org%2Fuser%2FPlant.aspx%3FLatinName%3DNothofagus%2Bcunninghamii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchilder1976" class="citation book cs1">Schilder, Günter (1976). <i>Australia unveiled : the share of the Dutch navigators in the discovery of Australia</i>. Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9022199978" title="Special:BookSources/978-9022199978"><bdi>978-9022199978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia+unveiled+%3A+the+share+of+the+Dutch+navigators+in+the+discovery+of+Australia&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Theatrum+Orbis+Terrarum+Ltd.&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-9022199978&rft.aulast=Schilder&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentyn1724–1726" class="citation book cs1">Valentyn, Francois (1724–1726). <i>Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien</i>. Dordrecht: J. van Braam. p. vol.3, p.47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789051942347" title="Special:BookSources/9789051942347"><bdi>9789051942347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oud+en+nieuw+Oost-Indien&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=vol.3%2C+p.47&rft.pub=J.+van+Braam&rft.date=1724%2F1726&rft.isbn=9789051942347&rft.aulast=Valentyn&rft.aufirst=Francois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron-Ash2018" class="citation book cs1">Cameron-Ash, M. (2018). <i>Lying for the Admiralty</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Australia%2C+South+Seas+Collection&rft.atitle=Cook%27s+Journal%3A+Daily+Entries&rft.date=1770-04-19&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthseas.nla.gov.au%2Fjournals%2Fcook%2F17700419.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlinders1814" class="citation book cs1">Flinders, Matthew (1814). <i>A Voyage to Terra Australis</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+to+Terra+Australis&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Flinders&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlainey1966" class="citation book cs1">Blainey, Geoffrey (1966). <i>Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia's History</i>. 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Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080802051730/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094030.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hobart+Climate+Statistics&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_094030.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-launcestonclimate-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-launcestonclimate_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091049.shtml">"Launceston Climate Statistics"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launceston+Climate+Statistics&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_091049.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-devonportclimate-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-devonportclimate_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091111.shtml">"Devonport Climate Statistics"</a>. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514015120/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091111.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devonport+Climate+Statistics&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_091111.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-strahanclimate-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-strahanclimate_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_097072.shtml">"Strahan Climate Statistics"</a>. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041123035433/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_097072.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strahan+Climate+Statistics&rft.pub=Australian+Government+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_097072.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoM2-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoM2_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094029&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=large">"Climate Statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road 1991–2020 normals)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329082113/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094029&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=large">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Statistics%3A+Hobart+%28Ellerslie+Road+1991%E2%80%932020+normals%29&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2Fcvg%2Fav%3Fp_stn_num%3D094029%26p_prim_element_index%3D0%26p_comp_element_index%3D0%26redraw%3Dnull%26p_display_type%3Dfull_statistics_table%26normals_years%3D1991-2020%26tablesizebutt%3Dlarge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoM1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoM1_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml">"Climate statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107070355/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+statistics%3A+Hobart+%28Ellerslie+Road%29&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_094029_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029">"Highest Temperature – 094029"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201143325/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+Temperature+%E2%80%93+094029&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2FwData%2Fwdata%3Fp_nccObsCode%3D40%26p_display_type%3DdataFile%26p_stn_num%3D094029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029">"Lowest Temperature – 094029"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201195537/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+Temperature+%E2%80%93+094029&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2FwData%2Fwdata%3Fp_nccObsCode%3D43%26p_display_type%3DdataFile%26p_stn_num%3D094029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoMAirport-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoMAirport_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094008&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">"Climate statistics: Hobart Airport"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152724/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094008&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+statistics%3A+Hobart+Airport&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2Fcvg%2Fav%3Fp_stn_num%3D094008%26p_prim_element_index%3D0%26p_comp_element_index%3D0%26redraw%3Dnull%26p_display_type%3Dstatistics_summary%26normals_years%3D1981-2010%26tablesizebutt%3Dnormal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091237&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">"Climate Statistics for Launceston"</a>. Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315103649/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091237&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Statistics+for+Launceston&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2Fcvg%2Fav%3Fp_stn_num%3D091237%26p_prim_element_index%3D0%26p_comp_element_index%3D0%26redraw%3Dnull%26p_display_type%3Dfull_statistics_table%26normals_years%3D1981-2010%26tablesizebutt%3Dnormal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml">"Climate Statistics for Launceston"</a>. <i>Australian Government</i>. Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200106205653/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government&rft.atitle=Climate+Statistics+for+Launceston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_091237_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091104&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">"Climate Statistics for Launceston"</a>. <i>Australian Government</i>. Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315103507/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091104&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government&rft.atitle=Climate+Statistics+for+Launceston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2Fcvg%2Fav%3Fp_stn_num%3D091104%26p_prim_element_index%3D0%26p_comp_element_index%3D0%26redraw%3Dnull%26p_display_type%3Dstatistics_summary%26normals_years%3D1981-2010%26tablesizebutt%3Dnormal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2016-03-07/deciduous-trees-in-australia/7200608">"Why don't we have more native deciduous trees in Australia?"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 6 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093139/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2016-03-07/deciduous-trees-in-australia/7200608">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Why+don%27t+we+have+more+native+deciduous+trees+in+Australia%3F&rft.date=2016-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fscience%2F2016-03-07%2Fdeciduous-trees-in-australia%2F7200608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-12/new-milestone-for-australias-tallest-tree-centurion/10604588">"Tall tree Centurion passes 100-metre mark, creating milestone for Tasmanian wilderness"</a>. <i>Australian Broadcasting Corporation</i>. 11 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514010002/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-12/new-milestone-for-australias-tallest-tree-centurion/10604588">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Tall+tree+Centurion+passes+100-metre+mark%2C+creating+milestone+for+Tasmanian+wilderness&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-12-12%2Fnew-milestone-for-australias-tallest-tree-centurion%2F10604588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/athrotaxis/">"Athrotaxis"</a>. <i>Trees and Shrubs Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831053330/https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/athrotaxis/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trees+and+Shrubs+Online&rft.atitle=Athrotaxis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreesandshrubsonline.org%2Farticles%2Fathrotaxis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/leatherwood-honey/">"Leatherwood Honey"</a>. <i>Slow Food Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831090909/https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/leatherwood-honey/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slow+Food+Foundation&rft.atitle=Leatherwood+Honey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fondazioneslowfood.com%2Fen%2Fark-of-taste-slow-food%2Fleatherwood-honey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habitatplants.com.au/hpwp/wp-content/uploads/Tas-Edible-Native-Plants.pdf">"Edible Plants of Tasmania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Landcare Programme, NRM North</i>. Australian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904234431/https://www.habitatplants.com.au/hpwp/wp-content/uploads/Tas-Edible-Native-Plants.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Landcare+Programme%2C+NRM+North&rft.atitle=Edible+Plants+of+Tasmania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.habitatplants.com.au%2Fhpwp%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FTas-Edible-Native-Plants.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/mammals/echidnas-and-platypus/platypus/platypus-in-tasmania">"Platypus in Tasmania"</a>. <i>DPIPWE</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308221910/https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/mammals/echidnas-and-platypus/platypus/platypus-in-tasmania">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DPIPWE&rft.atitle=Platypus+in+Tasmania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdpipwe.tas.gov.au%2Fwildlife-management%2Ffauna-of-tasmania%2Fmammals%2Fechidnas-and-platypus%2Fplatypus%2Fplatypus-in-tasmania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyce, James, 'The social and Environmental impact of the introduction of the dog to Tasmania' in <i>Environmental History</i> Vol. 11, No. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 102–129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.anu.edu.au/news-events/news/saving-swift-parrot#:~:text=The%20swift%20parrot%20%E2%80%93%20the%20world's,for%20this%20critically%20endangered%20bird.">"Saving the Swift Parrot"</a>. <i>Australian National University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831085624/https://science.anu.edu.au/news-events/news/saving-swift-parrot#:~:text=The%20swift%20parrot%20%E2%80%93%20the%20world's,for%20this%20critically%20endangered%20bird.">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=1362.6+%E2%80%93+Regional+Statistics%2C+Tasmania%2C+2007&rft.date=2006-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fausstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLatestproducts%2F9A04C0D0F8F2241BCA257264000CAFFE%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parks.tas.gov.au/explore-our-parks/tasmanian-wilderness-world-heritage-area-(twwha)">"Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA)"</a>. <i>Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524175342/https://parks.tas.gov.au/explore-our-parks/tasmanian-wilderness-world-heritage-area-(twwha)">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 24 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210904012944/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/unesco-rejects-bid-to-delist-world-heritage-forest/5538946?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Government%20has%20lost,reverse%20protection%20for%2074%2C000%20hectares.">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bonzle&rft.atitle=Largest+cities+by+population+in+Tasmania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonzle.com%2Fc%2Fa%3Fa%3Df%26sc%3Dlg%26st%3D6%26cmd%3Dsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.population.net.au/hobart-population/">"Hobart Population 2021"</a>. <i>Population Australia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906010932/https://www.population.net.au/hobart-population/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Population+Australia&rft.atitle=Hobart+Population+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.population.net.au%2Fhobart-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSSUA-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSSUA_131-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02016-17">"3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016–17: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2007 to 2017"</a>. <i>Australian Bureau of Statistics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 24 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134910/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/3218.02016-17">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=3218.0+%E2%80%93+Regional+Population+Growth%2C+Australia%2C+2016%E2%80%9317%3A+Population+Estimates+by+Significant+Urban+Area%2C+2007+to+2017&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAUSSTATS%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FDetailsPage%2F3218.02016-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span> Estimated resident population, 30 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_132-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/6">"2021 Census Community Profiles: Tasmania"</a>. <i>quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=Feature+Article+%E2%80%93+Ethnic+and+Cultural+Diversity+in+Australia+%28Feature+Article%29&rft.date=1995-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAusstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2F94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2%2F49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2021_140-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220716161203/https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/snapshot-tas-2021#:~:text=In%20the%202021%20Census%2C%20the,city%20area%20of%20Greater%20Hobart">"Snapshot of Tasmania"</a>. 28 June 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/snapshot-tas-2021">the original</a> on 16 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Liberals+secure+15+seats+as+election+count+ends&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-03-27%2Ftasmanian-liberals-secure-15-seats-as-election-count-ends%2F5350000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gutwein-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gutwein_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-20/tasmania-new-premier-announced-peter-gutwein/11880490">"Gutwein premier, Rockliff deputy, after Tasmanian Liberal rivals quit contest"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 20 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200122161003/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-20/tasmania-new-premier-announced-peter-gutwein/11880490">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Gutwein+premier%2C+Rockliff+deputy%2C+after+Tasmanian+Liberal+rivals+quit+contest&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-01-20%2Ftasmania-new-premier-announced-peter-gutwein%2F11880490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/tas-election-2021/">"Tasmania Election 2021"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901002241/https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/tas-election-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tasmania+Election+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Felections%2Ftas-election-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/apr/08/jeremy-rockliff-becomes-tasmanias-47th-premier-after-being-elected-as-state-liberal-leader">"Jeremy Rockliff becomes Tasmania's 47th premier after being elected as state Liberal leader"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. Australian Associated Press. 8 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926015121/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/apr/08/jeremy-rockliff-becomes-tasmanias-47th-premier-after-being-elected-as-state-liberal-leader">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jeremy+Rockliff+becomes+Tasmania%27s+47th+premier+after+being+elected+as+state+Liberal+leader&rft.date=2022-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2022%2Fapr%2F08%2Fjeremy-rockliff-becomes-tasmanias-47th-premier-after-being-elected-as-state-liberal-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slade_2023-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slade_2023_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlade2023" class="citation web cs1">Slade, Lucy (25 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/nsw-election-2023-mainland-australia-turn-red-as-labor-wins-nsw-election/50a42d1d-2374-479f-837d-c57bbdf28b71">"Mainland Australia turns red after NSW Labor victory"</a>. <i>9News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406084852/https://www.9news.com.au/national/nsw-election-2023-mainland-australia-turn-red-as-labor-wins-nsw-election/50a42d1d-2374-479f-837d-c57bbdf28b71">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=9News&rft.atitle=Mainland+Australia+turns+red+after+NSW+Labor+victory&rft.date=2023-03-25&rft.aulast=Slade&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.9news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fnsw-election-2023-mainland-australia-turn-red-as-labor-wins-nsw-election%2F50a42d1d-2374-479f-837d-c57bbdf28b71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bongiorno_2023-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bongiorno_2023_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBongiorno2023" class="citation web cs1">Bongiorno, Frank (27 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/australia-is-now-almost-entirely-held-by-labor-but-that-doesnt-necessarily-make-life-easier-for-leaders-202049">"Australia is now almost entirely held by Labor – but that doesn't necessarily make life easier for leaders"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406043827/https://theconversation.com/australia-is-now-almost-entirely-held-by-labor-but-that-doesnt-necessarily-make-life-easier-for-leaders-202049">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lake+Pedder&rft.pub=Centre+for+Tasmanian+Historical+Studies&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FL%2FLake%2520Pedder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer2021" class="citation web cs1">Reimer, Ashe Miriam Stobbe (30 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.org/tasmanian-wilderness-society-blocks-dam-construction-franklin-river-campaign-1981-83/">"Tasmanian Wilderness Society blocks dam construction (Franklin River Campaign) 1981–83"</a>. <i>The Commons Social Change Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104142947/https://commonslibrary.org/tasmanian-wilderness-society-blocks-dam-construction-franklin-river-campaign-1981-83/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Commons+Social+Change+Library&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Wilderness+Society+blocks+dam+construction+%28Franklin+River+Campaign%29+1981%E2%80%9383&rft.date=2021-09-30&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Ashe+Miriam+Stobbe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.org%2Ftasmanian-wilderness-society-blocks-dam-construction-franklin-river-campaign-1981-83%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcIntyre2020" class="citation web cs1">McIntyre, Iain (4 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonslibrary.org/environmental-blockading-in-australia-and-around-the-world-timeline-1974-1997/">"Environmental Blockading in Australia and Around the World – Timeline 1974–1997"</a>. <i>The Commons Social Change Library</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201003849/https://commonslibrary.org/environmental-blockading-in-australia-and-around-the-world-timeline-1974-1997/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Commons+Social+Change+Library&rft.atitle=Environmental+Blockading+in+Australia+and+Around+the+World+%E2%80%93+Timeline+1974%E2%80%931997&rft.date=2020-11-04&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.org%2Fenvironmental-blockading-in-australia-and-around-the-world-timeline-1974-1997%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2020" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Emily (25 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-25/tasmania-parliament-should-be-restored-report-recommends/11998506">"Tasmanian Lower House should be increased by 10 members, report recommends"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901005631/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-25/tasmania-parliament-should-be-restored-report-recommends/11998506">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Lower+House+should+be+increased+by+10+members%2C+report+recommends&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-02-25%2Ftasmania-parliament-should-be-restored-report-recommends%2F11998506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ctee/House/Reports/RC%20Final%20Report%20Tabled.pdf">"HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY SELECT COMMITTEE ON THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY RESTORATION BILL Final Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Parliament of Tasmania</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026061935/https://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/ctee/House/Reports/RC%20Final%20Report%20Tabled.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=HOUSE+OF+ASSEMBLY+SELECT+COMMITTEE+ON+THE+HOUSE+OF+ASSEMBLY+RESTORATION+BILL+Final+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.tas.gov.au%2Fctee%2FHouse%2FReports%2FRC%2520Final%2520Report%2520Tabled.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tec.tas.gov.au/Local_Government_Elections/">"Local Government Elections Tasmania"</a>. <i>www.tec.tas.gov.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318180320/https://www.tec.tas.gov.au/Local_Government_Elections/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Lulu.com. 16 December 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-8388-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-8388-8"><bdi>978-1-4387-8388-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124060631/https://books.google.com/books?id=wQWtDwAAQBAJ&q=These+all+have+had+varying+fortunes+over+the+last+century+and+more,+involved+in+ebbs+and+flows+of+population+moving+in+and+away+dependent+upon+the+specific+requirements+of+the+dominant+industries+of+the+time&pg=PA60">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Clean%2C+green+and+leaning+on+the+mainland&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft.aulast=Denholm&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnational-affairs%2Fclean-green-and-leaning-on-the-mainland%2Fstory-fn59niix-1226035870147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanrahan" class="citation web cs1">Hanrahan, Danielle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/">"11 best places to retire in Australia"</a>. <i>oversixty.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022437/https://www.oversixty.com.au/finance/retirement-income/2014/08/11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oversixty.com&rft.atitle=11+best+places+to+retire+in+Australia&rft.aulast=Hanrahan&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oversixty.com.au%2Ffinance%2Fretirement-income%2F2014%2F08%2F11-best-places-to-retire-in-australia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/output-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10">"Tasmania Output"</a>. <i>economy.id</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901023204/https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/output-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=economy.id&rft.atitle=Tasmania+Output&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomy.id.com.au%2Ftasmania%2Foutput-by-industry%3FBMID%3D40%26WebID%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/employment-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10">"Tasmania Employment by industry (Total)"</a>. <i>economy.id</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901023201/https://economy.id.com.au/tasmania/employment-by-industry?BMID=40&WebID=10">Archived</a> from the original on 1 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Creativity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FT%2FTas%2520creativity.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGantevoortHamacherLischick2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gantevoort, Michelle; Hamacher, Duane W.; Lischick, Savannah (December 2016). "Reconstructing the Star Knowledge of Aboriginal Tasmanians". <i>Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 327–347. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.02785">1610.02785</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAHH...19..327G">2016JAHH...19..327G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2016.03.07">10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2016.03.07</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1440-2807">1440-2807</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28782086">28782086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Astronomical+History+and+Heritage&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+the+Star+Knowledge+of+Aboriginal+Tasmanians&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=327-347&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28782086%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016JAHH...19..327G&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1610.02785&rft.issn=1440-2807&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3724%2FSP.J.1440-2807.2016.03.07&rft.aulast=Gantevoort&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Hamacher%2C+Duane+W.&rft.au=Lischick%2C+Savannah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/recherche">"National Heritage Places – Recherche Bay (North East Peninsula) Area"</a>. <i>Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Water+and+Environment&rft.atitle=National+Heritage+Places+%E2%80%93+Recherche+Bay+%28North+East+Peninsula%29+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fheritage%2Fplaces%2Fnational%2Frecherche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005880b.htm">"Royal Society of Tasmania (1843 – )"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Australian Science</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014402/https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005880b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Australian+Science&rft.atitle=Royal+Society+of+Tasmania+%281843+%E2%80%93+%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoas.info%2Fbiogs%2FP005880b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005879b.htm#:~:text=The%20Tasmanian%20Natural%20History%20Society,within%20and%20outside%20of%20Tasmanian.">"Tasmanian Natural History Society (1838–1849)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Australian Science</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902014408/https://www.eoas.info/biogs/P005879b.htm#:~:text=The%20Tasmanian%20Natural%20History%20Society,within%20and%20outside%20of%20Tasmanian.">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Australian+Science&rft.atitle=Tasmanian+Natural+History+Society+%281838%E2%80%931849%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eoas.info%2Fbiogs%2FP005879b.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Tasmanian%2520Natural%2520History%2520Society%2Cwithin%2520and%2520outside%2520of%2520Tasmanian.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-21/how-tamworth-became-our-first-town-with-electric-street-lights/9054192?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment">"How Tamworth beat the big smoke and became the first city of light"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 20 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902020829/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-21/how-tamworth-became-our-first-town-with-electric-street-lights/9054192?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=How+Tamworth+beat+the+big+smoke+and+became+the+first+city+of+light&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-10-21%2Fhow-tamworth-became-our-first-town-with-electric-street-lights%2F9054192%3Fnw%3D0%26r%3DHtmlFragment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/northwest/waratah.html">"Waratah, Tasmania"</a>. <i>OurTasmania</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902020839/https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/northwest/waratah.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OurTasmania&rft.atitle=Waratah%2C+Tasmania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourtasmania.com.au%2Fnorthwest%2Fwaratah.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myaccount.news.com.au/sites/theaustralian/subscribe.html?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&mode=premium&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Farts%2Ftasmania-writer-heather-rose-wins-50000-stella-prize%2Fnews-story%2F8051196872c9a36c4ac09a6103c67bbd%3Fmemtype%3Danonymous">"Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps"</a>. <i>myaccount.news.com.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117022221/https://myaccount.news.com.au/sites/theaustralian/subscribe.html?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&mode=premium&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Farts%2Ftasmania-writer-heather-rose-wins-50000-stella-prize%2Fnews-story%2F8051196872c9a36c4ac09a6103c67bbd%3Fmemtype%3Danonymous">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=myaccount.news.com.au&rft.atitle=Subscribe+to+The+Australian+%7C+Newspaper+home+delivery%2C+website%2C+iPad%2C+iPhone+%26+Android+apps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyaccount.news.com.au%2Fsites%2Ftheaustralian%2Fsubscribe.html%3FsourceCode%3DTAWEB_WRE170_a%26mode%3Dpremium%26dest%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%252Farts%252Ftasmania-writer-heather-rose-wins-50000-stella-prize%252Fnews-story%252F8051196872c9a36c4ac09a6103c67bbd%253Fmemtype%253Danonymous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/booksandarts/heather-rose-wins-the-stella-prize/8449180">"Heather Rose wins the Stella Prize"</a>. <i>abc.net.au</i>. 19 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721080931/http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/booksandarts/heather-rose-wins-the-stella-prize/8449180">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Heather+Rose+wins+the+Stella+Prize&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Fbooksandarts%2Fheather-rose-wins-the-stella-prize%2F8449180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.penguin.com.au/authors/katherine-scholes">"Katherine Scholes"</a>. <i>www.penguin.com.au</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404200829/https://www.penguin.com.au/authors/katherine-scholes">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.penguin.com.au&rft.atitle=Katherine+Scholes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.penguin.com.au%2Fauthors%2Fkatherine-scholes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeary" class="citation web cs1">Leary, Rachel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allenandunwin.com/browse/books/fiction/literary-fiction/Bridget-Crack-Rachel-Leary-9781760295479">"Bridget Crack – Rachel Leary – 9781760295479 – Allen & Unwin – Australia"</a>. <i>www.allenandunwin.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621180449/https://www.allenandunwin.com/browse/books/fiction/literary-fiction/Bridget-Crack-Rachel-Leary-9781760295479">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.allenandunwin.com&rft.atitle=Bridget+Crack+%E2%80%93+Rachel+Leary+%E2%80%93+9781760295479+%E2%80%93+Allen+%26+Unwin+%E2%80%93+Australia&rft.aulast=Leary&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allenandunwin.com%2Fbrowse%2Fbooks%2Ffiction%2Fliterary-fiction%2FBridget-Crack-Rachel-Leary-9781760295479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allenandunwin.com/authors/b/angelica-banks">"Angelica Banks – Allen & Unwin – Australia"</a>. <i>www.allenandunwin.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170311140741/https://www.allenandunwin.com/authors/b/angelica-banks">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.allenandunwin.com&rft.atitle=Angelica+Banks+%E2%80%93+Allen+%26+Unwin+%E2%80%93+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allenandunwin.com%2Fauthors%2Fb%2Fangelica-banks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2019" class="citation journal cs1">Turner, Ellen (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/ces/1076">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Whole Island is a Jail and We the Warders": States of Exception in Tasmanian Historical Fiction"</a>. <i>Commonwealth Essays and Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fces.1076">10.4000/ces.1076</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:186592980">186592980</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716185629/https://journals.openedition.org/ces/1076">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+Essays+and+Studies&rft.atitle=%22The+Whole+Island+is+a+Jail+and+We+the+Warders%22%3A+States+of+Exception+in+Tasmanian+Historical+Fiction&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fces.1076&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A186592980%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fces%2F1076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514201426/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2011/03/27/217761_tasmania-news.html">"MONA puts Tassie on map Tasmania News – The Mercury – The Voice of Tasmania"</a>. 14 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2011/03/27/217761_tasmania-news.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MONA+puts+Tassie+on+map+Tasmania+News+%E2%80%93+The+Mercury+%E2%80%93+The+Voice+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2011-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themercury.com.au%2Farticle%2F2011%2F03%2F27%2F217761_tasmania-news.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/travel/shock-of-the-old-and-new-20110110-19khn.html">Shock of the old and new</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218020309/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/shock-of-the-old-and-new-20110110-19khn.html">Archived</a> 18 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>, 10 January 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themetalforge.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=329">"Psycroptic: Rise Above"</a>. <i>themetalforge.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317135605/http://themetalforge.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=329">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=themetalforge.com&rft.atitle=Psycroptic%3A+Rise+Above&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themetalforge.com%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DNews%26file%3Darticle%26sid%3D329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theinnocents.com.au/">"Beathoven and The Innocents – Official Web site"</a>. <i>theinnocents.com.au</i>. The Innocents. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140520201204/http://www.theinnocents.com.au/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theinnocents.com.au&rft.atitle=Beathoven+and+The+Innocents+%E2%80%93+Official+Web+site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinnocents.com.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/fanny-cochrane-smith-recordings-inducted-into-unesco-register/8254806">"Fanny Cochrane Smith's Tasmanian Aboriginal songs and language preserved forever"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 9 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111029/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/fanny-cochrane-smith-recordings-inducted-into-unesco-register/8254806">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Fanny+Cochrane+Smith%27s+Tasmanian+Aboriginal+songs+and+language+preserved+forever&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2017-02-09%2Ffanny-cochrane-smith-recordings-inducted-into-unesco-register%2F8254806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongman1960" class="citation journal cs1">Longman, Murray J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+and+Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Songs+of+the+Tasmanian+Aborigines+as+Recorded+by+Mrs.+Fanny+Cochrane+Smith&rft.volume=94&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Longman&rft.aufirst=Murray+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.utas.edu.au%2F14096%2F1%2F1960_Longman_Songs_Tasmanian_aborigines.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.australiancomposers.com.au/pages/kitty-parker">"Kitty Parker"</a>. <i>Australian Composers</i>. Wirripang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111030/https://www.australiancomposers.com.au/pages/kitty-parker">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Composers&rft.atitle=Kitty+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiancomposers.com.au%2Fpages%2Fkitty-parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/08/12/4065785.htm">"The life, love and legacy of Peter Sculthorpe (1929–2014)"</a>. <i>Australian Broadcasting Corporation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111029/https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/08/12/4065785.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=The+life%2C+love+and+legacy+of+Peter+Sculthorpe+%281929%E2%80%932014%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flocal%2Fstories%2F2014%2F08%2F12%2F4065785.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fabermusic.com/music/port-arthur-in-memoriam-2986">"Port Arthur: In Memoriam"</a>. <i>Faber Music</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905112539/https://www.fabermusic.com/music/port-arthur-in-memoriam-2986">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Faber+Music&rft.atitle=Port+Arthur%3A+In+Memoriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabermusic.com%2Fmusic%2Fport-arthur-in-memoriam-2986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sherwin-frances-amy-lillian-4574">"Sherwin, Frances Amy Lillian (1855–1935)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111029/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/sherwin-frances-amy-lillian-4574">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sherwin%2C+Frances+Amy+Lillian+%281855%E2%80%931935%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fsherwin-frances-amy-lillian-4574&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTunley" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tunley, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/joyce-eileen-alannah-14817">"Joyce, Eileen Alannah (1908–1991)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918074450/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/joyce-eileen-alannah-14817">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Joyce%2C+Eileen+Alannah+%281908%E2%80%931991%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Tunley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fjoyce-eileen-alannah-14817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/sailing/1721104.stm">"Tough legacy of a Sydney classic"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140910215733/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/sailing/1721104.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tough+legacy+of+a+Sydney+classic&rft.date=2001-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Fother_sports%2Fsailing%2F1721104.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/mar/31/nbl-championship-tasmania-jackjumpers-melbourne-united-national-basketball-league-2024-game-5-grand-final-series-winner-basketball">"Tasmania JackJumpers snatch first NBL title in epic final series against Melbourne United"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 31 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tasmania+JackJumpers+snatch+first+NBL+title+in+epic+final+series+against+Melbourne+United&rft.date=2024-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2024%2Fmar%2F31%2Fnbl-championship-tasmania-jackjumpers-melbourne-united-national-basketball-league-2024-game-5-grand-final-series-winner-basketball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goway-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goway_189-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goway_189-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goway_189-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goway_189-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goway_189-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goway.com/trips/dest/australia-and-south-pacific/cntry/australia/st/tasmania/">"Tasmania Tours, Vacation Packages & Travel Experiences"</a>. <i>Goway Travel</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110002722/https://www.goway.com/trips/dest/australia-and-south-pacific/cntry/australia/st/tasmania/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Goway+Travel&rft.atitle=Tasmania+Tours%2C+Vacation+Packages+%26+Travel+Experiences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goway.com%2Ftrips%2Fdest%2Faustralia-and-south-pacific%2Fcntry%2Faustralia%2Fst%2Ftasmania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theorb.tas.gov.au/"><i>A traditional Tasmanian Aboriginal Diet</i></a>. Department of Education, Tasmania. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210924065046/https://www.theorb.tas.gov.au/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+traditional+Tasmanian+Aboriginal+Diet&rft.pub=Department+of+Education%2C+Tasmania&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theorb.tas.gov.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-24/tasmanians-have-been-keen-for-curry-since-colonial-days/9563024">"Favouring curry a long-time Tasmanian trait"</a>. <i>www.abc.net.au</i>. ABC. 23 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210911190257/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-24/tasmanians-have-been-keen-for-curry-since-colonial-days/9563024">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.abc.net.au&rft.atitle=Favouring+curry+a+long-time+Tasmanian+trait&rft.date=2018-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-03-24%2Ftasmanians-have-been-keen-for-curry-since-colonial-days%2F9563024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tasmaniatopten.com/lists/tasmanian_foods.php">"Top ten Tasmanian food specialities"</a>. <i>www.tasmaniatopten.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812044019/http://www.tasmaniatopten.com/lists/tasmanian_foods.php">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tasmaniatopten.com&rft.atitle=Top+ten+Tasmanian+food+specialities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tasmaniatopten.com%2Flists%2Ftasmanian_foods.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLeod" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McLeod, E. A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/irvine-alice-christina-13002">"Irvine, Alice Christina (1879–1940)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918074455/https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/irvine-alice-christina-13002">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sheep+why+vodka+wins+top+Australia+award+for+third+year+in+a+row&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.aulast=Baker-Dowdell&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.examiner.com.au%2Fstory%2F5949996%2Fharthorns-sheep-whey-vodka-wins-top-australian-drop-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cygnetfolkfestival.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>Cygnet Folk Festival</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111031/https://www.cygnetfolkfestival.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cygnet+Folk+Festival&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cygnetfolkfestival.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theunconformity.com.au/">"Home"</a>. <i>The Unconformity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111030/https://theunconformity.com.au/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discover+Tasmania&rft.atitle=The+Unconformity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovertasmania.com.au%2Fevent%2Ftheunconformity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evandaletasmania.com/national-penny-farthing-championship.html">"What is the National Penny Farthing Championship?"</a>. <i>Evandale Tasmania</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905111031/https://www.evandaletasmania.com/national-penny-farthing-championship.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evandale+Tasmania&rft.atitle=What+is+the+National+Penny+Farthing+Championship%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.evandaletasmania.com%2Fnational-penny-farthing-championship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpears2020" class="citation web cs1">Spears, Fran (15 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://startsat60.com/media/travel/travel-bloggers/from-incredible-scenery-to-friendly-locals-tasmania-is-unlike-anywhere-else">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'From incredible scenery to friendly locals: Tasmania is unlike anywhere else'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>startsat60</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027183336/https://startsat60.com/media/travel/travel-bloggers/from-incredible-scenery-to-friendly-locals-tasmania-is-unlike-anywhere-else">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=startsat60&rft.atitle=%27From+incredible+scenery+to+friendly+locals%3A+Tasmania+is+unlike+anywhere+else%27&rft.date=2020-08-15&rft.aulast=Spears&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstartsat60.com%2Fmedia%2Ftravel%2Ftravel-bloggers%2Ffrom-incredible-scenery-to-friendly-locals-tasmania-is-unlike-anywhere-else&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollie1982" class="citation news cs1">Hollie, Pamela G. (26 November 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/26/world/tasmanians-weary-of-being-the-butt-of-jokes.html">"TASMANIANS WEARY OF BEING THE BUTT OF JOKES"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173203/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/26/world/tasmanians-weary-of-being-the-butt-of-jokes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=TASMANIANS+WEARY+OF+BEING+THE+BUTT+OF+JOKES&rft.date=1982-11-26&rft.aulast=Hollie&rft.aufirst=Pamela+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F11%2F26%2Fworld%2Ftasmanians-weary-of-being-the-butt-of-jokes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2019" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Erin (13 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-13/curious-hobart-origin-of-two-headed-tasmanian-myth/11197982">"What is the origin of the joke about Tasmanians having two heads?"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001205127/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-06-13/curious-hobart-origin-of-two-headed-tasmanian-myth/11197982">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+is+the+origin+of+the+joke+about+Tasmanians+having+two+heads%3F&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-06-13%2Fcurious-hobart-origin-of-two-headed-tasmanian-myth%2F11197982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/54599/motivations.pdf">"Motivations Research – Appeal triggers and motivations for tourism in Tasmania, March 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tourism Tasmania</i>. Tasmanian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174959/https://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/54599/motivations.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Tasmania&rft.atitle=Motivations+Research+%E2%80%93+Appeal+triggers+and+motivations+for+tourism+in+Tasmania%2C+March+2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismtasmania.com.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F54599%2Fmotivations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.femaleconvicts.org.au/administration/cessation-of-transportation">"Cessation of Transportation"</a>. <i>Female Convicts Research Centre Inc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020061002/https://femaleconvicts.org.au/administration/cessation-of-transportation">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Female+Convicts+Research+Centre+Inc.&rft.atitle=Cessation+of+Transportation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.femaleconvicts.org.au%2Fadministration%2Fcessation-of-transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Alison. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Tas%20reputation.htm">"TASMANIA'S REPUTATION"</a>. <i>(UTAS) The Companion to Tasmanian History</i>. University of Tasmania. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001205132/https://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/T/Tas%20reputation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%28UTAS%29+The+Companion+to+Tasmanian+History&rft.atitle=TASMANIA%27S+REPUTATION&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2FT%2FTas%2520reputation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uber.com/en-AU/cities/hobart/">"Drive or Ride with Uber in Hobart | Uber"</a>. <i>www.uber.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181126/https://www.uber.com/en-AU/cities/hobart/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uber.com&rft.atitle=Drive+or+Ride+with+Uber+in+Hobart+%7C+Uber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uber.com%2Fen-AU%2Fcities%2Fhobart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dpacmr-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dpacmr_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockliff" class="citation web cs1">Rockliff, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.premier.tas.gov.au/releases/tasports_continues_to_deliver_strong_results">"TasPorts continues to deliver strong results"</a>. Premier of Tasmania. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021044400/http://www.premier.tas.gov.au/releases/tasports_continues_to_deliver_strong_results">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TasPorts+continues+to+deliver+strong+results&rft.pub=Premier+of+Tasmania&rft.aulast=Rockliff&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.premier.tas.gov.au%2Freleases%2Ftasports_continues_to_deliver_strong_results&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Fenton, James (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUColLawMon/1884/2.pdf"><i>A History of Tasmania From Its Discovery in 1642 to the Present Time</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Launceston, Tasmania: Launceston Examiner.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Tasmania+From+Its+Discovery+in+1642+to+the+Present+Time&rft.place=Launceston%2C+Tasmania&rft.pub=Launceston+Examiner&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FAUColLawMon%2F1884%2F2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Alison, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/"><i>The Companion to Tasmanian History</i></a>. Hobart, Tasmania: Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86295-223-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86295-223-2"><bdi>978-1-86295-223-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61888464">61888464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Companion+to+Tasmanian+History&rft.place=Hobart%2C+Tasmania&rft.pub=Centre+for+Tasmanian+Historical+Studies%2C+University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61888464&rft.isbn=978-1-86295-223-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utas.edu.au%2Flibrary%2Fcompanion_to_tasmanian_history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robson, L. L. (1983). <i>A History of Tasmania</i>. Vol. 1. Van Diemen's Land from the Earliest Times to 1855. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-554364-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-554364-5"><bdi>0-19-554364-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Tasmania&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press.&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-19-554364-5&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=L.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robson, L. L. (1991). <i>A History of Tasmania</i>. Vol. 2. Colony and State from 1856 to the 1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-553031-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-553031-4"><bdi>0-19-553031-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Tasmania&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-553031-4&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=L.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cameron-Ash, Margaret (2018). <i>Lying for the Admiralty. Captain Cook's first voyage & secret of Port Jackson</i>. Kenthurst, New South Wales: Rosenberg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-648-04396-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-648-04396-6"><bdi>978-0-648-04396-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lying+for+the+Admiralty.+Captain+Cook%27s+first+voyage+%26+secret+of+Port+Jackson&rft.place=Kenthurst%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Rosenberg&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-648-04396-6&rft.aulast=Cameron-Ash&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATasmania" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tasmania" class="extiw" title="commons:Tasmania"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Tasmania</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tasmania#Q34366" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tasmania">Tasmania</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Tasmania" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Tasmania">Tasmania</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tas.gov.au/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovertasmania.com/">Discover Tasmania</a> – official tourism website</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2369652">Tasmania</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tasmania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tasmania" title="Template:Tasmania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tasmania" title="Template talk:Tasmania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tasmania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tasmania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tasmania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tasmania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_Tasmania" title="Ecology of Tasmania">Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tasmania" title="Economy of Tasmania">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tasmania" title="Education in Tasmania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydro_Tasmania" title="Hydro Tasmania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tasmania" title="Flag of Tasmania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Tasmania" title="Geology of Tasmania">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tasmania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tasmania_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Tasmania timeline">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">Local Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Tasmania" title="Parliament of Tasmania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania_Police" title="Tasmania Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Tasmania">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Tasmania" title="Rail transport in Tasmania">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Tasmania" title="Sport in Tasmania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Tasmania" title="Symbols of Tasmania">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tasmanians" title="List of Tasmanians">List of Tasmanians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tasmania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tasmania"><img alt="Tasmania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/120px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Tasmania.svg/160px-Flag_of_Tasmania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Tasmania" title="Regions of Tasmania">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Tasmania)" title="Central Highlands (Tasmania)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Coast_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Coast Tasmania (page does not exist)">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midlands_(Tasmania)" title="Midlands (Tasmania)">Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_East_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North East Tasmania (page does not exist)">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Tasmania" title="North West Tasmania">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_East_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South East Tasmania (page does not exist)">South East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Tasmania" title="South West Tasmania">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast,_Tasmania" title="West Coast, Tasmania">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Tasmania_by_population" title="List of places in Tasmania by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burnie" title="Burnie">Burnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template talk:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/130px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/195px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/260px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Territory" title="Jervis Bay Territory">Jervis Bay Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia_(territory)" title="Central Australia (territory)">Central Australia</a> (1927–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Australia (territory)">North Australia</a> (1927–31)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru#World_War_I_to_World_War_II" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> (1920–68)<sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">New Guinea</a> (1920–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> (1902–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="Territory of Papua and New Guinea">Papua and New Guinea</a> (1949–75)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Indian Ocean Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(<b>1</b>) Sovereignty recognised only by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<br />(<b>2</b>) Co-mandate with New Zealand and the United Kingdom.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_topics" title="Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_topics" title="Template talk:Australia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_history" title="Timeline of Australian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Australia" title="Archaeology of Australia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_land_exploration_of_Australia" title="European land exploration of Australia">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Australia" title="Territorial evolution of Australia">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1851%E2%80%931900)" title="History of Australia (1851–1900)">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">1901–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Australia (1945–present)">Since 1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Australians" title="History of Asian Australians">Asian Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_Australia" title="Diplomatic history of Australia">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_history_of_Australia" title="Immigration history of Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia" title="Military history of Australia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Australia" title="History of monarchy in Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia" title="History of rail transport in Australia">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Australia" title="Geography of Australia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Australia" title="Climate of Australia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Australia" title="Environment of Australia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Australia" title="Environmental issues in Australia">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Australia" title="List of earthquakes in Australia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Australia" title="Forests of Australia">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Australia" title="List of mountains in Australia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia" title="List of regions of Australia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reserve_System" title="National Reserve System">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Australia" title="List of rivers of Australia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Australia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Australia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" title="List of Australian capital cities">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia" title="List of cities in Australia">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian court hierarchy">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Donations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_federal_budget" title="Australian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Australia" title="Human rights in Australia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Australia" title="LGBTQ rights in Australia">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Intelligence and security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_constitutional_law" title="Australian constitutional law">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Australia" title="Law enforcement in Australia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia">Political ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Public_Service" title="Australian Public Service">Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_government_in_Australia" title="Women and government in Australia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_heads_of_government_in_Australia" title="List of female heads of government in Australia">Government leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_cabinet_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of female cabinet ministers of Australia">Government ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">Gross state product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Australia" title="Public housing in Australia">Public housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_household_income_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Median household income in Australia and New Zealand">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Australia" title="Mass media in Australia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia" title="Social security in Australia">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Australia" title="Category:Society of Australia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Australia" title="Abortion in Australia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aged_care_in_Australia" title="Aged care in Australia">Aged care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Australia" title="Crime in Australia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_dying_in_Australia" title="Assisted dying in Australia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Australia" title="Health care in Australia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Australia" title="Homelessness in Australia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Australian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Australia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Australia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia" title="Prostitution in Australia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Australia" title="Squatting in Australia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Australia" title="Women in Australia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Australia" title="Culture of Australia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Australia" title="Architecture of Australia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Australia" title="Arts in Australia">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Australia" title="Public holidays in Australia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Australia" title="List of radio stations in Australia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia" title="National symbols of Australia">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Australia" title="Theatre of Australia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_studies" title="Australian studies">Australian studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Australia" title="Outline of Australia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australia" title="Category:Australia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34366#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34366#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34366#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123100758">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206536/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwHddYPHQ7wwJ8dkBqbBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059099-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79115474">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15324128d">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482872">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15324128d">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119482872">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628719">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35813426">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tasmánie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134534&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452908">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/31fhgh3m0gvmt0n">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552626905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614945506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/103d2eb0-d702-4235-ac02-350a9c8470bb">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/570621">Trove</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/558661">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027442446">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&oldid=1257449386">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&oldid=1257449386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tasmania" 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