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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950–2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1950–2000 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950–2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s–2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s–2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2000s–2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s–2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lissajous_curve_logo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lissajous_curve_logo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Lissajous curve logo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lissajous_curve_logo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Governance and structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Funding </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Funding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Funding subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background_to_licence_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_to_licence_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Background to licence fees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_to_licence_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_combined_TV_and_radio_licence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_combined_TV_and_radio_licence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Proposed combined TV and radio licence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_combined_TV_and_radio_licence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abolition_of_licence_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abolition_of_licence_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Abolition of licence fees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abolition_of_licence_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_to_the_abolishment_of_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_to_the_abolishment_of_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Reception to the abolishment of fees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_to_the_abolishment_of_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempt_to_reinstate_the_TV_licence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempt_to_reinstate_the_TV_licence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Attempt to reinstate the TV licence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempt_to_reinstate_the_TV_licence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Services </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Services subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABC_Listen_app" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABC_Listen_app"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 ABC Listen app </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABC_Listen_app-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_and_digital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_and_digital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Online and digital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_and_digital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 International </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_impartiality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_impartiality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Independence and impartiality </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_impartiality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABC_Commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABC_Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 ABC Commercial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABC_Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orchestras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orchestras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Orchestras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orchestras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ABC_Friends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ABC_Friends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 ABC Friends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ABC_Friends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Defamation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perceived_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perceived_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Perceived bias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perceived_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reviews_and_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviews_and_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.1 Reviews and investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reviews_and_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Relationships with government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Specific topics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Catholic_Church_and_George_Pell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Catholic_Church_and_George_Pell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.1 The Catholic Church and George Pell </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Catholic_Church_and_George_Pell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmentalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmentalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.2 Environmentalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmentalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" > 33 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيئة البث الأسترالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة البث الأسترالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بنگاه خبررسانی استرالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنگاه خبررسانی استرالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_(%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84)" title="ABC (오스트레일리아) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="ABC (오스트레일리아)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE" title="ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्रसारण निगम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑस्ट्रेलियाई प्रसारण निगम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99" title="תאגיד השידור האוסטרלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאגיד השידור האוסטרלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perbadanan_Penyiaran_Australia" title="Perbadanan Penyiaran Australia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perbadanan Penyiaran Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="オーストラリア放送協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーストラリア放送協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆஸ்திரேலிய ஒலிபரப்புக் கூட்டுத்தாபனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆஸ்திரேலிய ஒலிபரப்புக் கூட்டுத்தாபனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Australian public broadcaster. For the television service launched in 1956, now a network, see <a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television (Australian TV network)</a>. For its predecessor, see <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ABC (Australia)" and "ABC Australia" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ABC_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="ABC (disambiguation)">ABC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ABC Australia (disambiguation)">ABC Australia (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/220px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/330px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/60/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg/440px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="99" data-file-height="24" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultimo_ABC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ultimo_ABC.JPG/220px-Ultimo_ABC.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ultimo_ABC.JPG/330px-Ultimo_ABC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ultimo_ABC.JPG/440px-Ultimo_ABC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">ABC headquarters in Ultimo</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Australian Broadcasting Commission (1932–1983)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">Statutory corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Mass media</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1932; 92 years ago (1932-07-01)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Lyons_government" title="Lyons government">Lyons government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">ABC Ultimo Centre, <div class="ib-company-locality locality">Sydney</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Australia, Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Williams_(media_executive)" title="Kim Williams (media executive)">Kim Williams</a> (chair)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(media_executive)" title="David Anderson (media executive)">David Anderson</a> (managing director)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Broadcasting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">Web portals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">Radio</a></li> <li>Online</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_iview" title="ABC iview">Streaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$100.363 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">–$2.205 million (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.953 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$1.169 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,682<a href="#cite_note-1">[note 1]</a> (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Studios_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Studios (Australia)">ABC Studio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Sport" title="ABC Sport">ABC Sport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">ABC Radio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a></li><li>ABC Online</li><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/">www.abc.net.au</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781365#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">national broadcaster</a>. It is principally funded by the Australian taxpayer and is administered by <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">a government-appointed board</a>. The ABC is a publicly owned body that is politically independent and accountable such as through its production of annual reports and is bound by provisions contained within the Public Interest Disclosure Act 2013 and the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013, with its charter enshrined in legislation, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a>, a profit-making division of the corporation, also helps to generate funding for content provision. The ABC was established as the Australian Broadcasting Commission on 1 July 1932 by an Act of Federal Parliament. It effectively replaced the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a>, a private company established in 1924 to provide programming for A-class radio stations. The ABC was given statutory powers that reinforced its independence from the government and enhanced its news-gathering role. Modelled after the British Broadcasting Corporation (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>), which is funded by a <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">television licence</a>, the ABC was originally financed by licence fees on households with a broadcast receiver. However, the licence fees soon proved to be insufficient due to Australia's small population and the vast area to be serviced. In 1947 a proposal to increase the fee for a broadcast listeners' licence from £1 to £1/5/<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a> was scotched,<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> and in 1949 the <a href="/wiki/Chifley_government" title="Chifley government">Chifley government</a> decided that the ABC would be directly funded by the taxpayer,<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> with licence fees subsumed into general revenue. Later funding was supplemented with commercial activities related to its core broadcasting mission. The Australian Broadcasting Commission became the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 1983. The ABC provides radio, television, online, and mobile services throughout metropolitan and regional Australia. <a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">ABC Radio</a> operates four national networks, a large number of <a href="/wiki/ABC_Local_Radio" title="ABC Local Radio">ABC Local Radio</a> stations, several digital stations, and the international service <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television</a> operates five free-to-air channels, as well as the <a href="/wiki/ABC_iview" title="ABC iview">ABC iview</a> streaming service and the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia</a> satellite channel. News and current affairs content across all platforms is produced by the <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">news</a> division. The postal address of the ABC in every Australian capital city is PO Box 9994, as a tribute to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Test_cricket_records" title="List of Test cricket records">record-breaking</a> Test batting average of Australian cricketer <a href="/wiki/Don_Bradman" title="Don Bradman">Sir Donald Bradman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation">History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> After <a href="/wiki/Public_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Public radio">public radio</a> stations were established independently in the state capitals from 1924, a licensing scheme administered by the <a href="/wiki/Postmaster-General%27s_Department" title="Postmaster-General's Department">Postmaster-General's Department</a> was established, allowing certain stations (with "Class A" licences") government funding, albeit with restrictions placed on their advertising content.<a href="#cite_note-langdon95-11">[10]</a> In 1928, the government established the National Broadcasting Service to take over the 12 A-Class licences as they came up for renewal, and contracted the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a>,<a href="#cite_note-bcasthistory-12">[11]</a> a private company established in 1924,<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-national-14">[13]</a> to supply programs to the new national broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-bcasthistory-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-lee-15">[14]</a> After it became politically unpopular to continue to allow the Postmaster-General to run the National Broadcasting Service, the government established the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) on 1 July 1932, under the Australian Broadcasting Commission Act 1932.<a href="#cite_note-1932act-16">[15]</a> to take over the Australian Broadcasting Company and run the National Broadcasting Service.<a href="#cite_note-abc-birth-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC010712-18">[17]</a> The ABC became informally referred to as "Aunty",<a href="#cite_note-NewTeethForAunty-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aunty75inTownsville-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-LoveAuntyat80-21">[20]</a> originally in imitation of the <a href="/wiki/BBC#Colloquial_terms" title="BBC">British Broadcasting Corporation's nickname</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> The structure and programming was broadly modelled on the British Broadcasting Corporation, and programs not created in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> were mostly bought in from the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bcasthistory-12">[11]</a> In 1940 one of the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a>'s most prominent members, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Boyer">Dick Boyer</a>, was appointed to the ABC, becoming chairman on 1 April 1945. Today known for the continuing series of <a href="/wiki/Boyer_Lectures" title="Boyer Lectures">Boyer Lectures</a> initiated by him in 1959, he had a good but not too close working relationship with Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Moses" title="Charles Moses">Charles Moses</a> (general manager 1935–1965<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-moses-24">[23]</a>), and remained chair until his retirement in 1961. He was determined to maintain the autonomy of the ABC.<a href="#cite_note-adbboyer-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950–2000">1950–2000</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1950–2000">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television (Australian TV network)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv/220px--The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="184" data-mwtitle="The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="512" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv/The_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AThe_start_of_TV_ABC.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>The first broadcast of ABC TV, presented by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Charlton" title="Michael Charlton">Michael Charlton</a>, 5 November 1956</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamesdibble.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Jamesdibble.jpg/220px-Jamesdibble.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/Jamesdibble.jpg/330px-Jamesdibble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/Jamesdibble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Dibble" title="James Dibble">James Dibble</a>, reading the first <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> television bulletin in NSW, 1956</figcaption></figure> The ABC commenced television broadcasting in 1956. <a href="/wiki/ABN-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ABN-2">ABN-2</a> in Sydney was inaugurated by prime minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a> on 5 November 1956, with the first broadcast presented by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Charlton" title="Michael Charlton">Michael Charlton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_Dibble" title="James Dibble">James Dibble</a> reading the first television news bulletin.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Television relay facilities were not in place until the early 1960s, so news bulletins had to be sent to each capital city by <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinter</a>, to be prepared and presented separately in each city.<a href="#cite_note-abc-50s-27">[26]</a> In 1975, colour television was permanently introduced into Australia, and within a decade, the ABC had moved into <a href="/wiki/Satellite_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite broadcasting">satellite broadcasting</a>, greatly enhancing its ability to distribute content nationally.<a href="#cite_note-abc-60s70s-28">[27]</a> Also, in 1975 the ABC introduced a 24-hour-a-day AM rock station in Sydney, 2JJ (<a href="/wiki/Double_Jay_(radio_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Double Jay (radio network)">Double Jay</a>), which was eventually expanded into the national <a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a> FM network.<a href="#cite_note-abc-60s70s-28">[27]</a> A year later, a national classical music network was established on the <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> band, broadcasting from <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>. It was initially known as <a href="/wiki/ABC-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-FM">ABC-FM</a> (later ABC Classic FM) – referring both to its "fine music programming and radio frequency".<a href="#cite_note-abc-60s70s-28">[27]</a> ABC budget cuts began in 1976<a href="#cite_note-molomby-29">[28]</a> and continued until 1998,<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> the largest cuts (calculated by the ABC as 25% in real terms) coming between 1985 and 1996.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983 changed the organisation's name to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, effective 1 July 1983. Although funded and owned by the government, the ABC remains <a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">editorially independent</a> as ensured by the 1983 Act.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> At the same time, the newly formed corporation underwent significant restructuring, including a split into separate television and radio divisions, and ABC Radio was restructured significantly again in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-abc-80s-33">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Whitehead" title="Geoffrey Whitehead">Geoffrey Whitehead</a> was the managing director of the ABC at this time.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> Following his resignation in 1986, <a href="/wiki/David_Hill_(businessman)" title="David Hill (businessman)">David Hill</a> (at the time chair of the ABC Board) took over his position<a href="#cite_note-whoseabc-35">[34]</a> and local production trebled from 1986 to 1991.<a href="#cite_note-abc-80s-33">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg/220px-Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg/330px-Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg/440px-Ultimo_ABC_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="1719" /></a><figcaption>Ultimo Centre – the ABC's national headquarters in Sydney</figcaption></figure> Live television broadcasts of selected parliamentary sessions started in 1990, and by the early 1990s, all major ABC broadcasting outlets operated 24 hours a day. In 1991 the ABC helped launch Australian children's music band <a href="/wiki/The_Wiggles" title="The Wiggles">The Wiggles</a>, under the ABC music label. In 1991 the corporation's Sydney radio and orchestral operations moved to a new building,<a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> the ABC Ultimo Centre,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> in the inner-city suburb of <a href="/wiki/Ultimo,_New_South_Wales" title="Ultimo, New South Wales">Ultimo</a>. In Melbourne, the <a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria#Media" title="Southbank, Victoria">ABC Southbank Centre</a> was completed in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> In 1992 Australian children's television series <a href="/wiki/Bananas_in_Pyjamas" title="Bananas in Pyjamas">Bananas in Pyjamas</a> first aired. International television service <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia">ABC Australia</a> was established in 1993, while at the same time Radio Australia increased its international reach. Reduced funding in 1997 for Radio Australia resulted in staff and programming cuts.<a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> The ABC Multimedia Unit was established in July 1995 to manage the new ABC website, which was launched in August.<a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> The ABC was registered on the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Business_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Business Register">Australian Business Register</a> as a Commonwealth Government Entity on 1 November 1999.<a href="#cite_note-abnhistory-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s–2010s">2000s–2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s–2010s">edit</a>]</div> In 2001 <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> commenced (see <a href="#Online_and_digital">Online, below</a>). At the same time the ABC's multimedia division was renamed "ABC New Media", becoming an output division of the ABC alongside television and radio.<a href="#cite_note-abc-00s-39">[38]</a> In 2002 the ABC launched <a href="/wiki/Australia_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia Network">ABC Asia Pacific</a>, the replacement for the defunct Australia Television International operated previously by the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whoseabc-35">[34]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a> service, <a href="/wiki/ABC_DiG" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC DiG">ABC DiG</a>, was also launched in November that year. On 8 February 2008 ABC TV was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV (Australian TV network)">ABC1</a>, and a new channel for children, <a href="/wiki/ABC3" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC3">ABC3</a>, was funded and announced by the <a href="/wiki/Rudd_government_(2007%E2%80%9310)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudd government (2007–10)">Rudd government</a> in June.<a href="#cite_note-rebrand-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> A new online <a href="/wiki/Video-on-demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Video-on-demand">video-on-demand</a> service launched in July of the same year, titled <a href="/wiki/ABC_iview" title="ABC iview">ABC iview</a>.<a href="#cite_note-announce-42">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_24" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News 24">ABC News 24</a>, now known as ABC News, a channel dedicated to news, launched on 22 July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> On 20 July 2014, ABC1 reverted to its original name of ABC TV.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> In November 2014 a cut of $254 million (4.6%<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a>) to funding over the following five years together with the additional unfunded cost of the news channel<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> meant that the ABC would have to shed about 10% of its staff, around 400 people. There were several programming changes, with regional and local programming losing out to national programs, and the Adelaide TV production studio had to close.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In November 2016 the ABC announced that ABC News 24, <a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a>, as well as its online and digital news brands, would be rebranded under a unified <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> brand,<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> which was launched on 10 April 2017.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Guthrie" title="Michelle Guthrie">Michelle Guthrie</a> took over from managing director <a href="/wiki/Mark_Scott_(businessman)" title="Mark Scott (businessman)">Mark Scott</a>, whose second five-year contract finished in April 2016.<a href="#cite_note-abcnews-51">[50]</a> Between July 2017 and June 2018, the whole of the ABC underwent an organisational restructure, after which the Radio and Television Divisions were no longer separate entities each under a director, instead being split across several functional divisions,<a href="#cite_note-ar2017volII-52">[51]</a> with different teams producing different genres of content for television, radio and digital platforms. The Entertainment & Specialist (E&S) team focussed on comedy, kids' programs, drama, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous-related</a> programs, music, other entertainment and factual content; the new ABC Specialist team created content across the arts, science, religion & ethics, education and society & culture; while the Regional & Local team focussed on regional and local content.<a href="#cite_note-ar2018volII-53">[52]</a> Around 23 September 2018 Guthrie was fired.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> A leadership crisis ensued after allegations arose that Chair, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Milne" title="Justin Milne">Justin Milne</a>, had, according to the <a href="/wiki/MEAA" class="mw-redirect" title="MEAA">MEAA</a>, engaged in "overt political interference in the running of the ABC that is in clear breach of the ABC charter and the role of the chairperson" by interfering in editorial and staffing matters. After pressure for an independent inquiry or statement from Milne, or his resignation, following meetings by ABC staff in various locations, on 27 September Milne resigned.<a href="#cite_note-meaa-55">[54]</a> In February 2019, after the roles of ABC chair and managing director had been vacant for more than four months,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ita_Buttrose" title="Ita Buttrose">Ita Buttrose</a> was named chair. Buttrose named <a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(media_executive)" title="David Anderson (media executive)">David Anderson</a> as managing director in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> On 5 June 2019 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a> (AFP) raided the headquarters of the ABC looking for articles written in 2017 about alleged misconduct by <a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_Australia" title="Special forces of Australia">Australian special forces</a> in Afghanistan, later dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Files_(Australia)" title="Afghan Files (Australia)">Afghan Files</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> The raid was countered by lawyers for the ABC in litigation against the AFP, challenging the examination of over 9,200 documents, including internal emails.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> In February 2020 the case was dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">federal court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> In June 2020, the AFP sent a brief of evidence to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Director_of_Public_Prosecutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions">Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions</a> (CDPP), the federal public prosecutor, recommending charges be laid against journalist Dan Oakes for breaking the Afghan Files story,<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> but in October 2020, the CDPP dropped the case.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2020s">edit</a>]</div> In June 2020 the ABC announced it needed to cut 229 jobs,<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> a number of programs, and reduce its travel and production budgets after the <a href="/wiki/Turnbull_government" title="Turnbull government">Turnbull government</a>'s announcement of a freeze to indexation of its budget in 2018<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> this was estimated at the time to cost the ABC A$84 million over three years, however the actual appropriation did not decrease<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> and the ABC chair was quoted as saying it would actually increase "but by a reduced amount".<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> In all, over a five-year period, there were 737 redundancies, a further 866 resignations, and 203 retirements; but the total number of staff only fell by 313 due to the ABC hiring 650 staff over that period.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> In June 2021 the ABC announced its plan to move around 300 staff to offices in <a href="/wiki/Parramatta" title="Parramatta">Parramatta</a>, in a plan which would see 75% of journalists and producers moving out of the Ultimo building by 2025 to reduce costs. Rental from some of the vacant space in the city centre would earn additional income to offset the ongoing effects of the significant funding cuts since 2014 and the recent indexation freeze.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> In December 2021 the ABC announced that, in addition to the 83 additional positions already established, it was to create an additional "50-plus" new jobs in regional Australia as a result of commercial agreements with digital platforms flowing from the <a href="/wiki/Morrison_government" title="Morrison government">Morrison government</a>'s <a href="/wiki/News_Media_Bargaining_Code" title="News Media Bargaining Code">News Media Bargaining Code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> In May 2024 the ABC started moving from its <a href="/wiki/Ultimo,_New_South_Wales" title="Ultimo, New South Wales">Ultimo</a> office to a new Parramatta office. The first program to be broadcast from the new studio in Parramatta was <a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Sydney" title="ABC Radio Sydney">ABC Radio Sydney Mornings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lissajous_curve_logo">Lissajous curve logo</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lissajous curve logo">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_(1974-).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg/180px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg/270px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg/360px-Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation_logo_%281974-%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="748" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Lissajous curve logo, as it appeared on some properties since October 1974–2002, and was reintroduced from 2014 onwards</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_(Oszilloskop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg/180px-Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg/270px-Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg/360px-Lissajous-Figur_1_zu_3_%28Oszilloskop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lissajous figure on an oscilloscope, on which Bill Kennard designed the current logo</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Australia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ABC_Australia.png/180px-ABC_Australia.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/ABC_Australia.png/270px-ABC_Australia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/ABC_Australia.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="267" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The silver 2002 logo, which was used by the corporation from 2002 to 2018</div></div></div></div></div> The ABC logo is one of the most recognisable logos in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> In the early years of television, the ABC had been using <a href="/wiki/Lissajous_curve" title="Lissajous curve">Lissajous curves</a> as fillers between programmes.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In July 1963, the ABC conducted a staff competition to create a new logo for use on television, stationery, publications, microphone badges and ABC vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-atvh-50s60s-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> In 1965, ABC graphics designer <a href="/wiki/William_Kennard" title="William Kennard">Bill Kennard</a> submitted a design representing a <a href="/wiki/Lissajous_curve" title="Lissajous curve">Lissajous</a> display, as generated when a sine wave signal is applied to the "X" input of an <a href="/wiki/Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">oscilloscope</a> and another at three times the frequency at the "Y" input. The letters "ABC" were added to the design and it was adopted as the ABC's official logo. Kennard was presented with <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">£</a>25 (about <a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">AU</a>$850 in 2024) for his design.<a href="#cite_note-atvh-50s60s-85">[84]</a> On 19 October 1974 the Lissajous curve design experienced its first facelift with the line thickened to allow for colour to be used. It would also be treated to the 'over and under' effect, showing the crossover of the line in the design. To celebrate its 70th anniversary on 1 July 2002, the ABC adopted a new logo, which was created by (Annette) Harcus Design in 2001. This logo used a silver 3D texture but the crossover design was left intact and was then used across the ABC's media outlets. After the on-air revival of the 1974 logo since 2014, the ABC gradually reinstated the classic symbol.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The most recent change happened in February 2018, with a new logotype and brand positioning under its tagline, Yours.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The 2002 silver logo is no longer in use by the corporation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance_and_structure">Governance and structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance and structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a></div> The operations of the ABC are governed by a board of directors,<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> consisting of a managing director,<a href="#cite_note-boardmembership-90">[89]</a> five to seven directors,<a href="#cite_note-boardmembership-90">[89]</a> and until 2006, a staff-elected director.<a href="#cite_note-boardmembership-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-restructure-91">[90]</a> The managing director is appointed by the board for a period of up to five years, but is eligible for renewal.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> The authority and guidelines for the appointment of directors is provided for in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.<a href="#cite_note-1983act-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abouttheboard-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Board-95">[94]</a> Appointments to the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a> made by successive governments have often resulted in criticism of the appointees' political affiliation, background, and relative merit.<a href="#cite_note-aboveboard-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-pm-politics-97">[96]</a> Past appointments have associated directly with political parties – five of fourteen appointed chairmen have been accused of political affiliation or friendship, include Richard Downing and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Myer" title="Ken Myer">Ken Myer</a> (both of whom publicly endorsed the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> at the 1972 election),<a href="#cite_note-whoseabc-35">[34]</a> as well as Sir Henry Bland, <a href="/wiki/David_Hill_(businessman)" title="David Hill (businessman)">David Hill</a> was close to <a href="/wiki/Neville_Wran" title="Neville Wran">Neville Wran</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Donald_McDonald_(ABC_chairperson)" title="Donald McDonald (ABC chairperson)">Donald McDonald</a> was considered to be a close friend of <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a>. From 2003 the <a href="/wiki/Howard_government" title="Howard government">Howard government</a> made several controversial appointments to the ABC Board, including prominent ABC critic <a href="/wiki/Janet_Albrechtsen" title="Janet Albrechtsen">Janet Albrechtsen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pm-albrechtsen-98">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Brunton" title="Ron Brunton">Ron Brunton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Windschuttle" title="Keith Windschuttle">Keith Windschuttle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pm-politics-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> During their <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007 federal election campaign</a> Labor announced plans to introduce a new system, similar to that of the BBC, for appointing members to the board.<a href="#cite_note-alpboardappt-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> Under the new system, candidates for the ABC Board would be considered by an independent panel established "at arm's length" from the Communications Minister.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> If the minister chose someone not on the panel's shortlist, they would be required to justify this to parliament. The ABC chairman would be nominated by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister</a> and endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">leader of the opposition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-alpboardappt-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-loyalists-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-markday-105">[104]</a> A new merit-based appointment system was announced on 16 October 2008, in advance of the new triennial funding period starting in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-mb-board-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-mb-boardrules-107">[106]</a> In 2013 the Coalition government introduced a merit-based system for appointing the board based on the recommendations of a nominations panel. However, the panel was ultimately only advisory, with almost all of the board members in 2018 directly appointed by the Communications minister, despite some being rejected by the panel or not being considered at all.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> As of January 2025<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> board members include:<a href="#cite_note-boardlist-109">[108]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Functional role </th> <th bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="1">Start of term </th> <th bgcolor="#cccccc" colspan="1">Reference </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kim_Williams_(media_executive)" title="Kim Williams (media executive)">Kim Williams</a></td> <td>Chair</td> <td>7 March 2024</td> <td>Term ends 6 March 2029<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(media_executive)" title="David Anderson (media executive)">David Anderson</a></td> <td>Managing director</td> <td>6 May 2019</td> <td>First term ended 1 July 2023<a href="#cite_note-second-110">[note 2]</a> Second term ends 30 June 2028<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laura_Tingle" title="Laura Tingle">Laura Tingle</a></td> <td>Staff-elected director</td> <td>1 May 2023</td> <td>Term ends 30 April 2028<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nicolette Maury</td> <td></td> <td>16 October 2023</td> <td>Term ends 15 October 2028<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Lewis</td> <td></td> <td>2 October 2014</td> <td>First term ended 1 October 2019 Second term ended 1 October 2024<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgie_Somerset" title="Georgie Somerset">Georgie Somerset</a></td> <td></td> <td>23 February 2017</td> <td>Term ends 22 Feb 2027<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louise McElvogue</td> <td></td> <td>16 October 2023</td> <td>Term ends 15 October 2028<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mario D'Orazio</td> <td></td> <td>13 May 2021</td> <td>Term ends 12 May 2026<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peter Tonagh</td> <td>Deputy Chair</td> <td>13 May 2021</td> <td>Term ends 12 May 2026<a href="#cite_note-Annual_Report-2">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Katrina Sedgwick </td> <td> </td> <td>2 October 2024 </td> <td>Term ends 1 October 2029<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Funding">edit</a>]</div> The ABC is primarily funded by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian government">Australian government</a>, in addition to some revenue received from commercial offerings and <a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">its retail outlets</a>. The ABC's funding system is set and reviewed every three years.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_to_licence_fees">Background to licence fees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Background to licence fees">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1920s there existed two forms of radio licences A and B. Those with 'A' licences were funded by listener fees and those with 'B' by commercial advertising. It was tied to 'sealed set' system in which listeners would purchase a radio receive and then pay a subscription to continue to listen to it; its implementation was a cross between the BBC's licence fee and more commercially supported radio, such as those found in the US.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> This continued until the Report of the Royal Commission on Wireless together with appendices was published on the 5th of October, 1927, which recommended in its summary that it should issue no further A radio licences alongside pooling resources to improve programmes and secure an efficient service to the public. <a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> The Australian government – also known as the Commonwealth government – decided in July 1928 against the recommendations in the Royal Commission and nationalised stations with A licences.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> By 1929 the government had nationalised the provision of transmission and contracted the delivery of programming to the conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a>. By 1932, 12 stations had been nationalised<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> and in May of that year the Commonwealth government passed the Australian Broadcasting Commission Act 1932. Under the act a new public broadcaster was created, it was funded directly by listener fees until 1948 and run by a five-member commission with the Postmaster-General’s Department responsible for the technical aspects. <a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> Amendments were also made to the Australian Broadcasting Act 1983 which meant the ABC would receive its funding directly from the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> <a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_combined_TV_and_radio_licence">Proposed combined TV and radio licence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Proposed combined TV and radio licence">edit</a>]</div> From 1956 to 1974 a combined licence for TV and radio was required. <a href="#cite_note-:2-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abolition_of_licence_fees">Abolition of licence fees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Abolition of licence fees">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Crean_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Frank_Crean_1974.jpg/220px-Frank_Crean_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Frank_Crean_1974.jpg/330px-Frank_Crean_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Frank_Crean_1974.jpg/440px-Frank_Crean_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1743" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>"The National Broadcasting and Television Service is a service provided to the community as a whole, and the Government believes that the cost of the service should therefore be met out of general taxation revenues rather than through a licence fee which, being a poll tax, bears relatively more heavily on the less affluent." Frank Crean, Budget Speech, 1974-75.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a></figcaption></figure> Licence fees remained until 18 September 1974, when they were abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Whitlam_government" title="Whitlam government">Whitlam Labor government</a>, on the basis that the licence fee represented a poll tax and in turn cost more for the less affluent. Its abolishment was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Crean" title="Frank Crean">Frank Crean</a> in his 1974 budget speech. <a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> It was also considered too costly to monitor compliance. <a href="#cite_note-:2-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception_to_the_abolishment_of_fees">Reception to the abolishment of fees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Reception to the abolishment of fees">edit</a>]</div> Journalist Jenny Hill of <a href="/wiki/CTC_(TV_station)" title="CTC (TV station)">CTC</a> 7 News interviewed a woman about the abolition of the licence fees for TV and radio, during the interview she exclaimed about the unfairness of the decision referencing those who had already paid annually. <a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempt_to_reinstate_the_TV_licence">Attempt to reinstate the TV licence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Attempt to reinstate the TV licence">edit</a>]</div> In a letter to <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a> on 16 January 1976, reader R. O. MEE Flynn wrote: "Now it is rumoured that that the TV licence fee might be introduced again, just as I was in the act of writing to the PMG (Postmaster General) to ask if it was possible for us to get paid for watching the box. I have no intention of wasting money on a colour TV until the programs improve or more overseas content is allowed. We have been brainwashed with the advertisement that Australia waited and chose the best colour system; it's a pity they did not choose the programs to go with it." <a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> The Sydney Morning Herald reported on 10 February 1976, the federal cabinet was considering reintroducing the TV licence but not for radios. <a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> The debate and its discussion continued, with one reader on 23 July 1978 to the Canberra Times stating "Sir, - The rumour is that reintroduction of TV licences is to occur shortly (no smoke without fire). Once again the ordinary hard-working people are expected to be able to pay - if as rumoured - S120 for a colour television set and S80 for a black-and-white set each year." they went onto to say "...People such as pensioners, the unemployed etc, who are not in any position to pay licences and need some form of entertainment or stimulation will be the hardest hit. As usual they bear the brunt of this Government's crushing tactics on them."<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> In 2014 the ABC absorbed $254 million in federal budget deficits.<a href="#cite_note-SMHgather-131">[129]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Australian_federal_budget" title="2018 Australian federal budget">2018–19 budget</a> handed down by then-Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a>, the ABC was subject to a pause of indexation of operation funding, saving the federal government a total of $83.7 million over 3 years.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2016–17, the ABC received $861 million in federal funding, which increased to $865 million per year from 2017 to 2018 to 2018–19, representing a cut in funding of $43 million over three years when accounting for inflation.<a href="#cite_note-ar2017volII-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2018volII-53">[52]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_federal_budget" title="2019 Australian federal budget">2019–20 federal budget</a> funding was around $3.2 billion over three years ($1.06 billion per year) for the ABC. The Enhanced Newsgathering Fund, a specialised fund for regional and outer-suburban news gathering set up in 2013 by the <a href="/wiki/Gillard_government" title="Gillard government">Gillard government</a>,<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> was $44 million over three years as of the 2019–20 budget, a reduction of $28 million per year since the <a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_federal_election" title="2016 Australian federal election">2016 Australian federal election</a>. This came after speculation that the fund would be removed, to which Acting managing director David Anderson wrote to Communications Minister <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Fifield" title="Mitch Fifield">Mitch Fifield</a> expressing concerns.<a href="#cite_note-SMHgather-131">[129]</a> Despite the cuts made by Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull and the freeze introduced by Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and Communications Minister Mitch Fifield, the ABC itself has published financial data that shows an increase in the taxpayer appropriation to the ABC of 10% in real terms (i.e. above inflation) between 1998 and 2021.<a href="#cite_note-ar2020-135">[133]</a> In 2023, fulfilling one of <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor's</a> <a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">election</a> pledges, the ABC moved into a five instead of three-year funding term.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> The term "where your 8 cents a day goes", coined in the late 1980s during funding negotiations,<a href="#cite_note-8cents-137">[135]</a> is often used in reference to the services provided by the ABC.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> It was estimated that the cost of the ABC per head of population per day was 7.1 cents a day, based on the corporation's 2007–08 "base funding" of A$543 million.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Services">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Radio">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg/220px-ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg/330px-ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg/440px-ABC_Building_South_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/612_ABC_Brisbane" class="mw-redirect" title="612 ABC Brisbane">ABC Brisbane headquarters in South Bank</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">History of ABC Radio (Australia)</a></div> The ABC operates 54 local radio stations, in addition to four national networks and international service <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/ABC_DiG" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC DiG">DiG Radio</a> (rebranded to <a href="/wiki/Double_J_(radio_station)" title="Double J (radio station)">Double J</a> in 2014)<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a>) launched on digital platforms in 2002,<a href="#cite_note-dig-142">[140]</a> and later spinning off <a href="/wiki/ABC_Country" title="ABC Country">ABC Country</a> and <a href="/wiki/ABC_Jazz" title="ABC Jazz">ABC Jazz</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_Local_Radio" title="ABC Local Radio">ABC Local Radio</a> is the corporation's flagship radio station in each broadcast area. There are 54 individual stations,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] each with a similar format consisting of locally presented light entertainment, news, talk back, music, sport and interviews, in addition to some national programming such as AM, PM, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Today_(Australian_radio_program)" title="The World Today (Australian radio program)">The World Today</a>, sporting events and Nightlife. As of June 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a> the ABC operates 15 radio networks, variously available on AM and FM as well as on digital platforms and the internet.<a href="#cite_note-radio-143">[141]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a> – A generalist station, also known as RN, broadcasting more than 60 special interest programmes per week covering a range of topics including music, comedy, book readings, radio dramas, poetry, science, health, the arts, religion, social history and current affairs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a> – A news based service, also known as ABC News on Radio, broadcasting federal parliamentary sittings and news on a 24/7 format with updates on the quarter-hour. Broadcast's news content produced by the ABC itself, as well as programmes relayed from <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">ABC Radio Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public Radio">NPR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Netherlands">Radio Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNN_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Radio">CNN Radio</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic" title="ABC Classic">ABC Classic</a> – A classical music based station, formerly known as ABC Classic FM. It also plays some jazz and world music. ABC Classic was the ABC's first FM radio service. It was originally known simply as "ABC FM", and for a short time "ABC Fine Music".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a> – A youth-oriented radio network, with a strong focus on alternative and independent music (especially Australian artists); it is targeted at people aged 18–35.</li></ul> The ABC also operates several stations only available online and on digital platforms:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic_2" title="ABC Classic 2">ABC Classic 2</a> – a sister station to ABC Classic, focussing on performances by Australian artists. Only available on streaming platforms.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_J_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Double J (radio)">Double J</a> – a Triple J sister station, focussed on an older audience to Triple J.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_Unearthed" title="Triple J Unearthed">Triple J Unearthed</a> – a Triple J sister station, playing unsigned and independent Australian talent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_j_Hottest" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple j Hottest">Triple j Hottest</a> – a Triple J sister station, playing tracks from the past 30 years of <a href="/wiki/Triple_J_Hottest_100" title="Triple J Hottest 100">Triple J Hottest 100</a> countdowns.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Jazz" title="ABC Jazz">ABC Jazz</a> – A station exclusively dedicated to Jazz from Australia and the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Country" title="ABC Country">ABC Country</a> – An exclusively country music station, mainly focussing on <a href="/wiki/Australian_country_music" title="Australian country music">Australian country music</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Grandstand" title="ABC Radio Grandstand">ABC Grandstand</a> – Since November 2020 merged to <a href="/wiki/ABC_Sport" title="ABC Sport">ABC Sport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-radioinfo-144">[142]</a></li> <li>ABC Extra – A temporary special events station.</li> <li>ABC Kids – Children's based programming, and a sister station to the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a> television channel.</li></ul> There is also <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">ABC Radio Australia</a>, the international radio station of the ABC (see below). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ABC_Listen_app">ABC Listen app</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: ABC Listen app">edit</a>]</div> The ABC Radio <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a> was launched in 2012. This was replaced by the ABC Listen app in September 2017, which included 45 ABC radio stations and audio networks.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television (Australian TV network)</a></div> The ABC operates five national television channels: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">ABC TV</a> (formerly ABC1 from 2008 to 2014), the corporation's original television service, receives the bulk of funding for television and shows first-run comedy, drama, documentaries, and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_and_Current_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News and Current Affairs">news and current affairs</a>. In each <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">state and territory</a> a local <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">news bulletin</a> is shown at 7 pm nightly.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a> (formerly ABC2 and ABC Comedy and ABC TV Plus), launched in 2005, shows comedic content in addition to some repeats from ABC TV of which the amount has decreased gradually since ABC TV Plus's inception. It is not a 24-hour channel, but is broadcast daily from 7:30 pm to around 3 am the following night. The channel shares airspace with the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a> programming block from 5 am to 7:30 pm.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Entertains" title="ABC Entertains">ABC Entertains</a> (originally ABC3 and ABC Me) became a fully fledged channel on 4 December 2009, but has been part of the electronic guide line-up since 2008, broadcasting an ABC1 simulcast until 4 December 2009, then an ABC Radio simulcast and teaser graphic until its official launch. It is broadcast from 6 am to around 10 pm on weekdays and 6 am to 2 am the next day on weekends, and consists of a broad range programmes aimed at a young audience aged 6–15, with a core demographic of 8–12.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a> (formerly ABC For Kids on 2 and ABC 4 Kids) is a preschool children's block featuring children's programming aimed at the 0 to 5 age groups. ABC Kids broadcasts during <a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a> downtime, from 4 am to 7:30 pm daily.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a> (originally ABC News 24), a 24-hour news channel, featuring the programming from <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_and_Current_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News and Current Affairs">ABC News and Current Affairs</a>, selected programs from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC World News">BBC World News</a> channel, coverage of the Federal Parliament's Question Time, documentaries and factual, arts programming and state or national election coverage.</li></ul> Although the ABC's headquarters in Sydney serve as a base for program distribution nationally, ABC Television network is composed of eight state and territory based stations, each based in their respective state capital and augmented by repeaters: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABN_(TV_station)" title="ABN (TV station)">ABN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABV_(TV_station)" title="ABV (TV station)">ABV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABQ" title="ABQ">ABQ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABS_(TV_station)" title="ABS (TV station)">ABS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT_(TV_station)" title="ABT (TV station)">ABT</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_(TV_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC (TV station)">ABC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABD_(TV_station)" title="ABD (TV station)">ABD</a> (<a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>)</li></ul> </div> The eight ABC stations carry opt outs for local programming. In addition to the nightly 7 pm news, the stations also broadcast weekly state editions of <a href="/wiki/7.30" title="7.30">7.30</a> on Friday evenings (until 5 December 2014), state election coverage and in most areas, live sport on Saturday afternoons. There is also <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia</a>, the international TV service of the ABC (see below). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg/220px-ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg/330px-ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg/440px-ABC_office_in_Southbank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption>ABC office in <a href="/wiki/Southbank,_Victoria" title="Southbank, Victoria">Southbank</a>, Melbourne</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_and_digital">Online and digital</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Online and digital">edit</a>]</div> ABC Online is the name given to the online services of the ABC, which have evolved to cover a large network of websites including those for <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>, its various television channels, <a href="#Radio">ABC radio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>; SMS, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile apps</a> and other mobile phone services; <a href="/wiki/Vodcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodcast">vodcasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video-on-demand" class="mw-redirect" title="Video-on-demand">video-on-demand</a> through <a href="/wiki/ABC_iView" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC iView">ABC iView</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2014report-148">[146]</a> The official launch of ABC Online, then part of the ABC's Multimedia Unit, was on 14 August 1995,<a href="#cite_note-2014report-148">[146]</a> charged with developing policy for the ABC's work in web publishing. At first it relied upon funding allocation to the corporation's TV and radio operations, but later began to receive its own. The ABC provided live, online election coverage for the first time in 1996, and limited news content began to be provided in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> This unit continued until 2000, when the New Media division was formed, bringing together the ABC's online output as a division similar to television or radio. In 2001 the New Media division became New Media and Digital Services, reflecting the broader remit to develop content for digital platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a>, becoming an "output division" similar to Television or Radio.<a href="#cite_note-abc-00s-39">[38]</a> In addition to ABC Online, the division also had responsibility over the ABC's two digital television services, <a href="/wiki/Fly_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly TV">Fly TV</a> and the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Kids channel">ABC Kids channel</a>, until their closure in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV Plus">ABC TV Plus</a>, a digital-only <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> television channel, launched on 7 March 2005, as ABC2. Unlike its predecessors the new service was not dependent on government funding, instead running on a budget of A$3 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-whoseabc-35">[34]</a> Minister for Communications <a href="/wiki/Helen_Coonan" title="Helen Coonan">Helen Coonan</a> inaugurated the channel at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament House</a> three days later.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> Genre restrictions limiting the types of programming the channel could carry were lifted in October 2006 – ABC TV Plus (then ABC2) was henceforth able to carry programming classified as comedy, drama, national news, sport, and entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> In conjunction with the ABC's radio division, New Media and Digital Services implemented the ABC's first podcasts in December 2004. By mid-2006 the ABC had become an international leader in podcasting with over fifty podcast programmes delivering hundreds of thousands of downloads per week,<a href="#cite_note-podcasting-152">[150]</a> including trial video podcasts of <a href="/wiki/The_Chaser%27s_War_on_Everything" title="The Chaser's War on Everything">The Chaser's War on Everything</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triple_j_tv" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple j tv">jtv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vodcasting-153">[151]</a> In February 2007 the New Media & Digital Services division was dissolved and divided up among other areas of the ABC. It was replaced by a new <a href="/wiki/ABC_Innovation" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Innovation">Innovation division</a>, to manage ABC Online and investigate new technologies for the ABC.<a href="#cite_note-innovation-154">[152]</a> In 2008 <a href="/wiki/Crikey" title="Crikey">Crikey</a> reported that certain ABC Online mobile sites in development were planned to carry commercial advertising.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Screenshots, developed in-house, of an <a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Grandstand" title="ABC Radio Grandstand">ABC Radio Grandstand</a> sport page include advertising for two private companies. <a href="/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)" title="Media Watch (TV program)">Media Watch</a> later revealed that the websites were to be operated by <a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a> and distinguished from the main, advertising-free, mobile website by a distinct logo.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> In 2015 the Innovation Division was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Digital_Network_Division" title="ABC Digital Network Division">Digital Network Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> Angela Clark was head from 2012 until at least the end of financial year 2015/6,<a href="#cite_note-ar2016-158">[156]</a> but by 2017 she was gone, and the Digital Network fell into the Technology division under the Chief Technology Officer.<a href="#cite_note-ar2017volII-52">[51]</a> In May 2017 Helen Clifton was appointed to the new role of Chief Digital and Information Officer.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> She retired from this role in 2022<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> In December 2019 a refreshed ABC homepage was launched.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> ABC News is one of Australia's largest and most-visited <a href="/wiki/Web_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Web site">web sites</a>; from its position as 11th most popular in the country in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> in recent years up to 2021 it has maintained its top position in the rankings.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mediaweek_2021-165">[163]</a> In June 2023 the broadcaster released its five-year plan, outlining that it would move its resources away from radio and television, and instead dedicate these resources to improving and promoting its digital platforms.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: International">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Asia-Pacific_TV_channel)" title="ABC Australia (Asia-Pacific TV channel)">ABC Australia (Asia-Pacific TV channel)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a></div> ABC International is responsible for its international operations, which include the internationally broadcast <a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a>, the Asia-Pacific TV channel <a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-pma2012-167">[165]</a> and its ABC International Development (ABCID) branch.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> In June 2012 Lynley Marshall, former head of <a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a>, was appointed CEO of ABC International, filling a role left empty by the retirement of Murray Green.<a href="#cite_note-pma2012-167">[165]</a> At the time, it was intended that Radio Australia, ABC Australia and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_24" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News 24">ABC News</a> would work together more closely<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> ABC International was at this time a division of the ABC, but it has not been represented as a separate division in the organisational structure of the ABC since 2016,<a href="#cite_note-ar2013-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2016-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2017volII-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2018volII-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2019-171">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-ar2020-135">[133]</a> after Marshall's departure in February 2017.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> There were fears of job losses in the division after the huge budget cuts in 2014, as well as an earlier termination of a A$220 million contract with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Department of Foreign Affairs</a>, one year into the 10-year contract.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> On 24 May 2021 Claire Gorman was appointed to an expanded role to manage both the International Strategy and the International Development teams.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> ABC Australia is an international satellite television service operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, funded by advertising and grants from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)">Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a>. Aimed at the Asia-Pacific region, the service broadcasts a mixture of English language programming, including general entertainment, sport, and current affairs. Radio Australia is an international <a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">satellite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">internet radio</a> service with transmissions aimed at South-East Asia and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands">Pacific Islands</a>, although its signals are also audible in many other parts of the world. It features programmes in various languages spoken in these regions, including <a href="/wiki/Putonghua" class="mw-redirect" title="Putonghua">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tok_Pisin" title="Tok Pisin">Tok Pisin</a>. Before 31 January 2017 Radio Australia broadcast <a href="/wiki/Short-wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Short-wave">short-wave</a> radio signals. Radio Australia bulletins are also carried on <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">WRN Broadcast</a>, available via satellite in Europe and North America. ABC International Development, or ABCID, is a media development unit that promotes <a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">public interest</a> journalism and connects with local media in the region. ABCID employs local people in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> and many Pacific countries.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> The team "provides expertise, training, technical and program support to partner organisations", by working with a variety of organisations, including international development donors,<a href="#cite_note-ar2019-171">[169]</a> for example through the Pacific Media Assistance Scheme (PACMAS).<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Independence_and_impartiality">Independence and impartiality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Independence and impartiality">edit</a>]</div> Under the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983, the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a> is bound to "maintain the independence and integrity of the Corporation" and to ensure that "the gathering and presentation by the Corporation of news and information is accurate and impartial according to the recognised standards of objective journalism".<a href="#cite_note-1983act-93">[92]</a> The ABC's editorial policy on impartiality requires it to take "no editorial stance other than its commitment to fundamental democratic principles including the rule of law, freedom of speech and religion, parliamentary democracy and non-discrimination".<a href="#cite_note-:1-178">[176]</a> The ABC follows the following "hallmarks of impartiality": "a balance that follows the weight of evidence, fair treatment, open-mindedness and opportunities over time for principal relevant perspectives on matters of contention to be expressed".<a href="#cite_note-:1-178">[176]</a> The editorial policy on diversity also requires the broadcaster "to present, over time, content that addresses a broad range of subjects from a diversity of perspectives reflecting a diversity of experiences, presented in a diversity of ways from a diversity of sources". However, it also notes that this "does not require that every perspective receives equal time, nor that every facet of every argument is presented".<a href="#cite_note-:1-178">[176]</a> As of July 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Media_and_Journalism_Research_Center" title="Media and Journalism Research Center">Media and Journalism Research Center</a> evaluated the ABC to be "Independent State Funded Media" under its <a href="/wiki/State_media#MJRC_classification" title="State media">State Media Matrix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ABC_Commercial">ABC Commercial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: ABC Commercial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a></div> The commercial arm of the ABC was established in 1974 under the name Enterprises as a self-funding unit, marketing products relating to the ABC's activities. It was renamed in 2007 to ABC Commercial,<a href="#cite_note-aboutcomm2007-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-innovation-154">[152]</a> The aim of ABC Commercial was "to create, market and retail high quality consumer products which reflect and extend the scope of the ABC's activities".<a href="#cite_note-aboutcomm2007-181">[179]</a> At this time it comprised the ABC Shop, ABC Consumer Publishing and Content Sales, ABC Resource Hire, and ABC Content Services (Archives).<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> ABC Commercial was registered as a business name under Australian Broadcasting Corporation in April 2007 and continues to exist as of June 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-abnhistory-38">[37]</a> It includes <a href="/wiki/ABC_Music" title="ABC Music">ABC Music</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record label</a>; ABC Events, which stages concerts and other events; and publishing and licensing activities by ABC Books, ABC Audio, ABC Magazines and ABC Licensing.<a href="#cite_note-ar2019-171">[169]</a> ABC Shop Online was wound up at the end of 2018, along with the in-store ABC Centres.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> In early 2019, ABC Commercial split from the Finance division and became an independent business unit of the ABC. In the financial year 2018–2019, ABC Commercial turned a profit of A$4.4 million, which was invested in content production.<a href="#cite_note-ar2019-171">[169]</a> The ABC Studios and Media Production hires out some of the ABC studios and sound stages, operating as part of ABC Commercial. The studios for hire are in Sydney (Studios 21, 22, 16), Melbourne (31), Adelaide (51B) and Perth (61).<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orchestras">Orchestras</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Orchestras">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Williams,_%27Majestic_Fanfare%27.ogg" title="File:Charles Williams, 'Majestic Fanfare'.ogg">"Majestic Fanfare"</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Charles_Williams,_'Majestic_Fanfare'.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Charles_Williams%2C_%27Majestic_Fanfare%27.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/7/7f/Charles_Williams%2C_%27Majestic_Fanfare%27.ogg/Charles_Williams%2C_%27Majestic_Fanfare%27.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">The original <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_and_Current_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News and Current Affairs">ABC News and Current Affairs</a> theme music. In the mid-1980s ABC Television changed to its own news theme, while the "Majestic Fanfare" is still used for radio news bulletins.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation#1990s" title="History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation">History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation § 1990s</a></div> Up until the installation of disc recording equipment in 1935, all content broadcast on the ABC was produced live, including music.<a href="#cite_note-abc-birth-17">[16]</a> For this purpose the ABC established broadcasting orchestras in each state, and in some centres also employed choruses and dance bands. This became known as the ABC Concert Music Division, which was controlled by the Federal Director of Music – the first of whom was <a href="/wiki/William_G._James" title="William G. James">W. G. James</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sametz-186">[184]</a> In 1997 the ABC divested all ABC orchestras from the Concerts Department of the ABC into separate subsidiary companies, allied to a service company known as <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Symphony Australia">Symphony Australia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc-90s-36">[35]</a> and on 1 January 2007 the orchestras were divested into independent companies.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> The six state orchestras are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Adelaide Symphony Orchestra">Adelaide Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Melbourne Symphony Orchestra">Melbourne Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Queensland Symphony Orchestra">Queensland Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Sydney Symphony Orchestra">Sydney Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra">Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="West Australian Symphony Orchestra">West Australian Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ABC_Friends">ABC Friends</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: ABC Friends">edit</a>]</div> ABC Friends, formerly Friends of the ABC (FABC), consists of independent organisations in each state and territory, under an umbrella organisation established in December 2016, ABC Friends National Inc. In 1976 three independent groups were formed: Aunty's Nieces and Nephews in Melbourne, Friends of the ABC (NSW) Inc.<a href="#cite_note-fabcabout-189">[187]</a> (now ABC Friends NSW & ACT<a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a>) and Friends of the ABC (SA) (since 2007/2008, ABC Friends SA/NT).<a href="#cite_note-fabcsa-191">[189]</a> The groups were formed by citizens who were concerned about government threats to make deep cuts to the ABC's budget. Historian <a href="/wiki/Ken_Inglis" title="Ken Inglis">Ken Inglis</a> wrote that "The Friends were in the line of those people who had affirmed over the years that the ABC was essential to the nation". Over the years, independent state organisations were established, run by committees, and in January 2014 the name of each was changed to ABC Friends.<a href="#cite_note-fabcabout-189">[187]</a> The objectives of ABC Friends National are stated as follows:<a href="#cite_note-fabcabout-189">[187]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">To represent community interest in defending and promoting the vital role of Australia's independent national public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) to ensure: <ul><li>that the ABC be properly funded to maintain and advance its role as the national public broadcaster in all media, promoting and reflecting Australian culture and diversity</li> <li>that it remain editorially independent of government and commercial interests.</li></ul></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation">History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defamation">Defamation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Defamation">edit</a>]</div> In 2023 the ABC lost a defamation case against <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heston_Russell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heston Russell (page does not exist)">Heston Russell</a>, where the corporation withdrew a truth defence and opted for the case to be heard under a public interest defence.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> In the landmark ruling Justice Lee awarded Russell $390,000 in addition to interest and damages. Estimates of legal expenses ranged between $1.2 million and $3 million. The broadcaster did not take up an earlier settlement offer of $99,000 and removal of the published articles. The ABC managing director, <a href="/wiki/David_Anderson_(media_executive)" title="David Anderson (media executive)">David Anderson</a>, who took home a six-figure pay rise shortly after the defamation case loss, outlined in senate estimates that he would not apologise to Russell for the false reporting.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> Recordings of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Willacy" title="Mark Willacy">Mark Willacy</a>'s interviews that formed part of the defamation case were garnished as part of the legal discovery process. They were made available to <a href="/wiki/Ben_Fordham" title="Ben Fordham">Ben Fordham</a>'s <a href="/wiki/2GB" title="2GB">2GB</a> radio program. In December 2023 <a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Lattouf" title="Antoinette Lattouf">Antoinette Lattouf</a> was hired for five days to fill in for <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Macdonald_(journalist)" title="Sarah Macdonald (journalist)">Sarah Macdonald</a> on <a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Sydney" title="ABC Radio Sydney">ABC Radio Sydney</a> and then sacked three days later due to her outspoken activism on the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Gaza</a> conflict by reposting a <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> story covering alleged actions taken by Israeli soldiers in Gaza. Two days later Lattouf initiated law action with the <a href="/wiki/Fair_Work_Commission" title="Fair Work Commission">Fair Work Commission</a> against the ABC for alleged racial discrimination. ABC members of the <a href="/wiki/Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance" title="Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance">Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance</a> voted no confidence in Anderson partly due to <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> messages that had come to light from a pro-Israel lobby group known as "Lawyers for Israel". The next day the ABC Board voted unanimous confidence in Anderson.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> In March 2024 the ABC aired a documentary titled "Ukraine's War: The Other Side," by <a href="/wiki/Sean_Langan" title="Sean Langan">Sean Langan</a> which has been criticised by Ukrainian ambassador <a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Myroshnychenko" title="Vasyl Myroshnychenko">Vasyl Myroshnychenko</a> as the "journalistic equivalent of a bowl of vomit" and seemed to repeat Russian justification for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">War in Ukraine</a> and structured in a way that seems to favor the Russian side.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> The ABC has defended its position with a spokesperson stating "we believe Australian audiences also have the right to watch it and make up their own minds."<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perceived_bias">Perceived bias</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Perceived bias">edit</a>]</div> External critics have complained in particular of left-wing political bias at the broadcaster,<a href="#cite_note-2014report-148">[146]</a> citing a prominence of Labor Party-connected journalists hosting masthead political programs or a tendency to favour "<a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a>" over "<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">conservative</a>" political views on issues such as <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">asylum seekers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian republicanism">republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Australia" title="Multiculturalism in Australia">multiculturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_Australia" title="Reconciliation Australia">Indigenous reconciliation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_Australia" title="Environmental movement in Australia">environmentalism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Australia" title="Same-sex marriage in Australia">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewTeethForAunty-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-201">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Henderson" title="Gerard Henderson">Gerard Henderson</a> has argued that the ABC is supportive of diversity in areas such as identity, race, gender and ethnicity, but not so strong on diversity of views.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> In December 2013 former judge and ABC chair <a href="/wiki/James_Spigelman" title="James Spigelman">James Spigelman</a> announced that four independent audits would be conducted each year in response to the allegations of bias in the reporting of news and current affairs. <a href="/wiki/ABC_Friends" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Friends">ABC Friends</a> have observed that: "Most of the complaints about bias in the ABC have come from the government of the day – Labor or Liberal. Significantly both parties have been far less hostile to the ABC when in opposition".<a href="#cite_note-2014report-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reviews_and_investigations">Reviews and investigations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Reviews and investigations">edit</a>]</div> Reviews of the ABC are regularly commissioned and sometimes not released.<a href="#cite_note-Martin-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-204">[202]</a> Both internal and external research has been conducted on the question of bias at the ABC. These include the following: <ul><li>A 2004 <a href="/wiki/Roy_Morgan_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Roy Morgan Research">Roy Morgan</a> media credibility survey found that journalists regarded <a href="#Radio">ABC Radio</a> as the most accurate news source in the country and the ABC as the second "most politically biased media organisation in Australia".<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a></li> <li>A 2013 <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Sunshine_Coast" title="University of the Sunshine Coast">University of the Sunshine Coast</a> study of the voting intentions of journalists found that 73.6% of ABC journalists supported <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">the Greens</a> – with 41% supporting the Greens (whereas only around 10% of people in the general population voted for the Greens).<a href="#cite_note-Hanusch-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a></li> <li>At the <a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Australian election">2016 federal election</a>, a study commissioned by the ABC's Election Coverage Review Committee and conducted by <a href="/wiki/Isentia" title="Isentia">Isentia</a> compiled <a href="/wiki/Share_of_voice" title="Share of voice">share-of-voice</a> data and found that the ABC devoted 42.6% of election coverage to the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition government</a> (this compares to the 42.04% <a href="/wiki/First-preference_votes" title="First-preference votes">primary (first-preference) vote</a> received by the Coalition in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (HOR)), 35.9% to the Labor opposition (34.73% HOR), 8% to <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">the Greens</a> (10.23% HOR), 3.1% to independents (1.85% HOR), 2.2% to the <a href="/wiki/Nick_Xenophon_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Nick Xenophon Team">Nick Xenophon Team</a> (1.85% HOR) and 8.1% to others. However, the ABC itself notes the "significant limitations around the value of share of voice data" as "duration says nothing about tone or context".<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a></li> <li>In December 2020, the Board commissioned its 19th editorial review by an independent reviewer, which found that the ABC's news coverage of lead-up to the <a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Australian election">2019 Australian election</a> was "overwhelmingly positive and unbiased", although it also found that specific episodes of <a href="/wiki/The_Drum_(TV_program)" title="The Drum (TV program)">The Drum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Insiders_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Insiders (Australian TV program)">Insiders</a> reflected too narrow a range of viewpoints. The government forced the publication of the report after <a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> senator <a href="/wiki/James_McGrath_(Australian_politician)" title="James McGrath (Australian politician)">James McGrath</a> raised a motion in the Senate, which led to ABC Chair <a href="/wiki/Ita_Buttrose" title="Ita Buttrose">Ita Buttrose</a> and managing director David Anderson writing to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="President of the Senate (Australia)">president of the Senate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Ryan_(Australian_politician)" title="Scott Ryan (Australian politician)">Scott Ryan</a>, to express their concerns about the use of the such powers, which went against the public interest.<a href="#cite_note-meade-209">[207]</a></li></ul> The ABC has an Election Coverage Review Committee that supervises the allocation of available broadcasting time to political parties and checks broadcast content against their editorial policies. The ABC also has a Referendum Coverage Review Committee which performs similar functions to the Election Coverage Review Committee. These committees are convened when an electoral event is announced.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_with_government">Relationships with government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Relationships with government">edit</a>]</div> Labor prime minister <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> considered the ABC's coverage of the <a href="/wiki/1991_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Gulf War">1991 Gulf War</a> to be biased.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> In 1996, conservative opposition leader <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> refused to have <a href="/wiki/Kerry_O%27Brien_(journalist)" title="Kerry O'Brien (journalist)">Kerry O'Brien</a> of the ABC moderate the television debates with Labor prime minister Paul Keating because Howard saw O'Brien as biased against the Coalition.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Liberal Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> perceived the ABC to be left wing and hostile to <a href="/wiki/Abbott_government" title="Abbott government">his government</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> enjoyed better relations with the national broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> Turnbull's successor, Scott Morrison, once again presided over "strained" relations between the government and the ABC.<a href="#cite_note-Karp-216">[214]</a> Under Morrison's leadership, an investigation was launched into the ABC and its complaints-handling process—a decision which was criticised by Ita Buttrose as "political interference".<a href="#cite_note-Karp-216">[214]</a> The inquiry was abandoned the following June.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_topics">Specific topics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Specific topics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Catholic_Church_and_George_Pell">The Catholic Church and George Pell</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: The Catholic Church and George Pell">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/George_Pell#Reactions_after_acquittal" title="George Pell">George Pell § Reactions after acquittal</a></div> The ABC's coverage of the issue of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases_in_Australia" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases in Australia">sexual abuse in the Catholic Church</a> received praise and criticism. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Press_Club" title="Melbourne Press Club">Melbourne Press Club</a> presented the 2016 Quill for Coverage of an Issue or Event for the report George Pell and Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church, and the 2016 Golden Quill award to <a href="/wiki/Louise_Milligan" title="Louise Milligan">Louise Milligan</a> and Andy Burns for their extensive coverage of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell">George Pell</a>'s evidence given at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> The ABC Media Watch program of 20 April 2020 noted that the ABC had been accused of leading a "witch hunt" against Cardinal Pell. Media Watch reported that, following his acquittal, Pell said the ABC gave an "overwhelming presentation of one view and only one view". Media Watch also canvassed other criticisms including from <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a> newspaper's editor-at-large <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(journalist)" title="Paul Kelly (journalist)">Paul Kelly</a>, who charged the ABC with having run a "sustained campaign against Pell". Media Watch also offered criticism of its own, noting Louise Milligan and the Four Corners program had failed to canvass any of Pell's defence from the trial and "lined up witnesses condemning Pell", while social media commentary by <a href="/wiki/Barrie_Cassidy" title="Barrie Cassidy">Barrie Cassidy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Dempster" title="Quentin Dempster">Quentin Dempster</a> had undermined the presumption of innocence.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> Margaret Simons similarly noted in The Guardian that "there has been some social media activity by ABC journalists that looks very much like lobbying against Pell..."<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Environmentalism">edit</a>]</div> Planet Slayer was an ABC website run by scientist Bernie Hobbs to teach children about the environment in around 2008/09.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> It included a "<a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_effect" title="Greenhouse effect">Greenhouse</a> Calculator" which aimed to help children to work out their <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a> by providing an estimate of the age a person needs to die if they are not to use more than their fair share of the Earth's resources.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Victorian Liberal senator <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Fifield" title="Mitch Fifield">Mitch Fifield</a> criticised a cartoon series on the site for portraying those who eat meat, <a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">loggers</a>, and workers in the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear industry</a> as "evil".<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> ABC managing director Mark Scott said the site was not designed to offend anyone, but instead have children think about environmental issues.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/32px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/48px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/64px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Television" title="Portal:Television">Television portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting_in_Australia" title="History of broadcasting in Australia">History of broadcasting in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_radio" title="Timeline of Australian radio">Timeline of Australian radio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Including Ongoing and Non-ongoing employees as at 28 August 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-second-110"><a href="#cite_ref-second_110-0">^</a> Anderson's term was originally due to expire on 5 May 2024, but due to the ABC's early reappointment of Anderson his second term started on 1 July 2023. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Annual_Report-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Annual_Report_2-9">j</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/b4ee2afa69a0f6e1a000c42aeb27ed01">Australian Broadcasting Corporation Annual Report 2024</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Report). 28 August 2024. pp. 159, 164, 219. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241112062445/https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/b4ee2afa69a0f6e1a000c42aeb27ed01">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation+Annual+Report+2024&rft.pages=159%2C+164%2C+219&rft.date=2024-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flive-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au%2Fb4ee2afa69a0f6e1a000c42aeb27ed01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.abc.net.au/how-the-abc-is-run/what-guides-us/legislative-framework/">"Legislative framework"</a>. about.abc.net.au. 24 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501064148/https://about.abc.net.au/how-the-abc-is-run/what-guides-us/legislative-framework/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2024. 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Retrieved 7 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monthly&rft.atitle=New+Teeth+for+Aunty%3A+Reinvigorating+the+National+Broadcaster&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft.au=Robert+Manne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themonthly.com.au%2Freinvigorating-national-broadcaster-new-teeth-aunty-robert-manne-749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aunty75inTownsville-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Aunty75inTownsville_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-07-16/aunty-celebrates-75th-birthday-in-townsville/2503718">"Aunty celebrates 75th birthday in Townsville"</a>. 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Retrieved 1 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Aunty+celebrates+75th+birthday+in+Townsville&rft.date=2007-07-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2007-07-16%2Faunty-celebrates-75th-birthday-in-townsville%2F2503718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LoveAuntyat80-21"><a href="#cite_ref-LoveAuntyat80_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/06/28/3534787.htm">"Why I love Aunty at 80"</a>. ABC. 28 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904045204/http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/06/28/3534787.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Why+I+love+Aunty+at+80&rft.date=2012-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flocal%2Fstories%2F2012%2F06%2F28%2F3534787.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127091453/http://www.fabc.org.au/fabc/fabc_archive_data/background_briefing/bb104/bb4_9.html">"Aunty, a personality of steady and solid conservatism"</a>. Background briefing 4 – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Inglis" title="Ken Inglis">Ken Inglis</a>. Friends of the ABC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fabc.org.au/fabc/fabc_archive_data/background_briefing/bb104/bb4_9.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Background+briefing+4+%E2%80%93+Ken+Inglis&rft.atitle=Aunty%2C+a+personality+of+steady+and+solid+conservatism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fabc.org.au%2Ffabc%2Ffabc_archive_data%2Fbackground_briefing%2Fbb104%2Fbb4_9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2401051">"Broadcasting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a>. Vol. 9, no. 2542. Australian Capital Territory. 5 November 1935. p. 1. 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National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 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Heinemann Australia. p. 110,114,160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85561-410-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85561-410-2"><bdi>978-0-85561-410-2</bdi></a>. 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Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abc.net.au/corp/history/hist6.htm">the original</a> on 8 December 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bookstore.iuniverse.com/Products/SKU-000538367/Tending-the-Flame-of-Democracy.aspx">the original</a> on 21 February 2014. 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Retrieved 7 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Up+to+250+ABC+jobs+to+go%2C+ABC+Life+brand+scrapped%2C+flagship+radio+news+bulletin+dumped+to+tackle+%2484+million+budget+cut&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-06-24%2Fabc-announces-cuts-to-programming-and-jobs-funding%2F12384972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurst2020" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, Daniel (24 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/24/abc-to-cut-250-jobs-dump-745am-radio-news-bulletin-and-axe-abc-life-brand">"ABC to cut 250 jobs, dump 7.45am radio news bulletin and axe ABC Life brand"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Australia" title="Guardian Australia">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506090348/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jun/24/abc-to-cut-250-jobs-dump-745am-radio-news-bulletin-and-axe-abc-life-brand">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024. 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Retrieved 16 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=ABC+to+move+300+Sydney+staff+from+Ultimo+headquarters+west+to+Parramatta&rft.date=2021-06-16&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2Fjun%2F16%2Fabc-to-move-300-sydney-staff-from-ultimo-headquarters-west-to-parramatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2021" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Woodward, John (3 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.abc.net.au/press-releases/abc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia/">"ABC to add more than 50 journalists in Regional Australia"</a>. about.abc.net.au (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506083751/https://about.abc.net.au/press-releases/abc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+to+add+more+than+50+journalists+in+Regional+Australia&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.abc.net.au%2Fpress-releases%2Fabc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnox2024" class="citation news cs1">Knox, David (6 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvtonight.com.au/2024/05/abc-parramatta-opens-for-broadcasting.html">"ABC Parramatta opens for broadcasting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_Tonight" title="TV Tonight">TV Tonight</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506083046/https://tvtonight.com.au/2024/05/abc-parramatta-opens-for-broadcasting.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2024. 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Retrieved 27 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Financial+Review&rft.atitle=Judge+lashes+ABC%27s+PR+strategies&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft.aulast=Robin&rft.aufirst=Myriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afr.com%2Frear-window%2Fabc-s-war-crimes-defo-loss-reveals-the-battle-within-20231017-p5ecyu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/heston-russell-abc-to-pay-defamed-commando-but-won-t-apologise/7071115d-2432-474d-9256-96844ffb974f">"ABC to pay defamed commando more than $400k but won't apologise"</a>. www.9news.com.au. 24 October 2023. 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The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240219093717/https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-the-sacking-of-a-casual-presenter-tipped-the-abc-into-turmoil-20240125-p5ezzm.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 February 2024. 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Retrieved 30 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=What+would+be+the+point+of+yet+another+ABC+inquiry%3F&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft.aulast=R+Martin&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhat-would-be-the-point-of-yet-another-abc-inquiry-21213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2014" class="citation news cs1">Gordon, Michael (6 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/canberra-refuses-to-release-report-on-abc-funding-20140305-347l7.html">"Canberra refuses to release report on ABC funding"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20250112024730/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/canberra-refuses-to-release-report-on-abc-funding-20140305-347l7.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2025. Retrieved 30 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Canberra+refuses+to+release+report+on+ABC+funding&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ffederal-politics%2Fpolitical-news%2Fcanberra-refuses-to-release-report-on-abc-funding-20140305-347l7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914061917/http://www.roymorgan.com/resources/pdf/papers/20040903.pdf">"Why Australians Don't Respect The Media"</a> (PDF). roymorgan.com. Media Credibility Survey. 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The Australian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170624025920/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/jennifer-oriel/diversity-of-thought-practically-whitewashed-by-pc-ideology/news-story/9d16179ec45fe24f6b05072f64540ec7">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Why+the+ABC+is+at+odds+with+us&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.aulast=Oriel&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fsubscribe%2Fnews%2F1%2F%3FsourceCode%3DTAWEB_WRE170_a%26dest%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%252Fopinion%252Fcolumnists%252Fjennifer-oriel%252Fdiversity-of-thought-practically-whitewashed-by-pc-ideology%252Fnews-story%252F9d16179ec45fe24f6b05072f64540ec7%26memtype%3Danonymous%26mode%3Dpremium%26nk%3D565bdb630766f7233bbf806733473c3e-1612870245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSunderland2016" class="citation report cs1">Sunderland, Alan (4 August 2016) [14 July 2016]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/b27093c9a863e66213dec2e98371ed83">Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2016 Federal Election Report of the Chairman, Election Coverage Review Committee</a> (Report). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://about.abc.net.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016FederalElectionECRCRPT.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. 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Retrieved 4 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=ABC+criticises+Senate+for+releasing+internal+report+which+found+some+panel+programs+%27favoured%27+Labor&rft.date=2020-12-10&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2020%2Fdec%2F10%2Fabc-criticises-senate-for-releasing-internal-report-which-found-some-panel-programs-favoured-labor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/about/election-coverage-review-committee/103700626">"Election and Referendum Coverage Review Committee"</a>. About the ABC. 26 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250112031142/https://www.abc.net.au/about/election-coverage-review-committee/103700626">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2025. 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Retrieved 1 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Tony+Abbott+says+ABC+unpatriotic&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft.aulast=Pearlman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Faustraliaandthepacific%2Faustralia%2F10604115%2FTony-Abbott-says-ABC-unpatriotic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25925312">"Australia's Tony Abbott calls broadcaster ABC unpatriotic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 29 January 2014. 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Retrieved 3 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+Tony+Abbott+says+ABC+not+on+Australia%27s+side+in+interview+with+2GB&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2014-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2014-01-29%2Ftony-abbott-steps-up-criticism-of-abc%2F5224676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karp-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karp_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karp_216-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarp2021" class="citation news cs1">Karp, Paul (15 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/nov/15/scott-morrison-backs-senate-abc-inquiry-saying-national-broadcaster-not-above-scrutiny">"Scott Morrison backs Senate ABC inquiry, saying national broadcaster 'not above scrutiny'"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Scott+Morrison+backs+Senate+ABC+inquiry%2C+saying+national+broadcaster+%27not+above+scrutiny%27&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2021%2Fnov%2F15%2Fscott-morrison-backs-senate-abc-inquiry-saying-national-broadcaster-not-above-scrutiny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Associated_Press2022" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a> (2 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/02/liberal-led-senate-inquiry-into-abc-and-sbs-abandoned">"Liberal-led Senate inquiry into ABC and SBS abandoned"</a>. 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Melbourne Press Club. 17 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627101327/https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2016-quills--gold-quill">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Melbourne+Press+Club&rft.atitle=2016+Quills%3A+Gold+Quill&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournepressclub.com%2Farticle%2F2016-quills--gold-quill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2016-quills--coverage-of-an-issue-or-event">"2016 Quills: Coverage of an Issue or Event"</a>. Melbourne Press Club. 16 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627183217/https://www.melbournepressclub.com/article/2016-quills--coverage-of-an-issue-or-event">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Melbourne+Press+Club&rft.atitle=2016+Quills%3A+Coverage+of+an+Issue+or+Event&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournepressclub.com%2Farticle%2F2016-quills--coverage-of-an-issue-or-event&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/mediawatch/episodes/pell/12166274">Pell – The Final Verdict</a>; Media Watch 20 Apr 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/15/andrew-bolt-and-the-abc-did-the-reporting-on-george-pell-step-over-a-line">Andrew Bolt and the ABC: did the reporting on George Pell step over a line?</a>; 15 April 2020 </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scienceandtechnologyaustralia.org.au/profile/bernie-hobbs/">"Bernie Hobbs"</a>. Science & Technology Australia. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+%26+Technology+Australia&rft.atitle=Bernie+Hobbs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscienceandtechnologyaustralia.org.au%2Fprofile%2Fbernie-hobbs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalna2009" class="citation web cs1">Salna, Karlis (23 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/technology/abc-website-tells-kids-when-they-should-die/news-story/7ca875df4d93111901d7412aa58b6a49?sv=997f4d964ea1d478aff0698da97acfce">"ABC website tells kids when they should die"</a>. news. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news&rft.atitle=ABC+website+tells+kids+when+they+should+die&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft.aulast=Salna&rft.aufirst=Karlis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Ftechnology%2Fabc-website-tells-kids-when-they-should-die%2Fnews-story%2F7ca875df4d93111901d7412aa58b6a49%3Fsv%3D997f4d964ea1d478aff0698da97acfce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/abc-on-defensive-over-claims-of-bias/2008/05/26/1211653938544.html">"ABC on defensive over claims of bias"</a>. 27 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529022504/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/abc-on-defensive-over-claims-of-bias/2008/05/26/1211653938544.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABC+on+defensive+over+claims+of+bias&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fabc-on-defensive-over-claims-of-bias%2F2008%2F05%2F26%2F1211653938544.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601030649/http://www.smarthouse.com.au/Wireless_And_Networking/Broadband/D8T7R8F3">"The ABCs of Exploding Pigs And Topless Women"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smarthouse.com.au/Wireless_And_Networking/Broadband/D8T7R8F3">the original</a> on 1 June 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ABCs+of+Exploding+Pigs+And+Topless+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smarthouse.com.au%2FWireless_And_Networking%2FBroadband%2FD8T7R8F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Broadcasting+Corporation" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Cater" title="Nick Cater">Cater, Nick</a> The Lucky Culture and the Rise of an Australian Ruling Class (2013) pp 199–228</li> <li>Curgenven, Geoffrey. Dick Boyer, an Australian humanist (Bolton, 1967) (<a href="/wiki/Dick_Boyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Boyer">Dick Boyer</a> was chair of the ABC Board from 1940 until his death in 1961.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Inglis" title="Ken Inglis">Inglis, K. S.</a> This is the ABC – the Australian Broadcasting Commission 1932 – 1983 (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Inglis" title="Ken Inglis">Inglis, K. S.</a> Whose ABC? The Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1983–2006 (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitcham,_Chad_J.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitcham, Chad J. (page does not exist)">Mitcham, Chad J.</a> Bland, 'Sir Henry Armand (Harry) (1909–1997), Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bland-sir-henry-armand-harry-1549/text41469">http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bland-sir-henry-armand-harry-1549/text41469</a>, published online 2024</li> <li>Moran, Albert, and Chris Keating. The A to Z of Australian Radio and Television (Scarecrow Press, 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Semmler" title="Clement Semmler">Semmler, Clement</a>. The ABC: Aunt Sally and Sacred Cow (1981)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/">Official website</a> (in English, Indonesian, Tok Pisin, and Chinese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2022C00075">Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Template:Australian Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Template talk:Australian Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian Broadcasting Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation449" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Board" title="ABC Board">ABC Board</a></li> <li>David Anderson (Managing Director: 2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Williams_(media_executive)" title="Kim Williams (media executive)">Kim Williams</a> (Chair: 2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABC_Television_(Australian_TV_network)" title="ABC Television (Australian TV network)">ABC Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">National channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">ABC TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_HD_(Australian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC HD (Australian TV channel)">ABC HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Entertains" title="ABC Entertains">ABC Entertains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">International channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia</a> (broadcast to Asia and Pacific)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Defunct channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Kids channel">ABC Kids (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly TV">Fly TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABN_(TV_station)" title="ABN (TV station)">ABC New South Wales (ABN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABV_(TV_station)" title="ABV (TV station)">ABC Victoria (ABV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABQ" title="ABQ">ABC Queensland (ABQ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABT_(TV_station)" title="ABT (TV station)">ABC Tasmania (ABT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABS_(TV_station)" title="ABS (TV station)">ABC South Australia (ABS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABC Western Australia (ABW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Canberra_(TV_station)" title="ABC Canberra (TV station)">ABC Australian Capital Territory (ABC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABD_(TV_station)" title="ABD (TV station)">ABC Northern Territory (ABD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">ABC Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">National stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic" title="ABC Classic">ABC Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/ABC_Local_Radio" title="ABC Local Radio">ABC Local Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Canberra" title="ABC Radio Canberra">ABC Radio Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Sydney" title="ABC Radio Sydney">ABC Radio Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Melbourne" title="ABC Radio Melbourne">ABC Radio Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Brisbane" title="ABC Radio Brisbane">ABC Radio Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Adelaide" title="ABC Radio Adelaide">ABC Radio Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Perth" title="ABC Radio Perth">ABC Radio Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Hobart" title="ABC Radio Hobart">ABC Radio Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Darwin" title="ABC Radio Darwin">ABC Radio Darwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Digital-only stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Jazz" title="ABC Jazz">ABC Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Country" title="ABC Country">ABC Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Grandstand" title="ABC Radio Grandstand">ABC Radio Grandstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_J_(radio_station)" title="Double J (radio station)">Double J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J_Unearthed" title="Triple J Unearthed">Triple J Unearthed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Streaming-only stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic_2" title="ABC Classic 2">ABC Classic 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_J#Hottest_100" title="Triple J">Triple J Hottest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">International stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a> (managed by ABC International)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABC_International" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC International">ABC International</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Australia_(Southeast_Asian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Australia (Southeast Asian TV channel)">ABC Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_International_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC International Development">ABC International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABC_Commercial" title="ABC Commercial">ABC Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ABC Books and Magazines</li> <li>ABC Content Sales</li> <li>ABC Events</li> <li>ABC Library Sales</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Music" title="ABC Music">ABC Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Classics">ABC Classics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Studios_and_Media_Production" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Studios and Media Production">ABC Studios and Media Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation">History of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ABC_Radio_(Australia)" title="History of ABC Radio (Australia)">History of ABC Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Company" title="Australian Broadcasting Company">Australian Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lange_v_Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Lange v. ABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Files_(Australia)" title="Afghan Files (Australia)">Afghan Files</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:white;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_iview" title="ABC iview">ABC iview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyer_Lectures" title="Boyer Lectures">Boyer Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Services_International" title="Symphony Services International">Symphony Services International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(Australia)" title="Freeview (Australia)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Broadcasting_Association" title="Commonwealth Broadcasting Association">Commonwealth Broadcasting Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 8.5pt;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_television_in_Australia" title="Subscription television in Australia">Subscription television in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television in Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ABC_(Australia)_local_programming_(current_and_upcoming)217" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ABC_Television_programming" title="Template:ABC Television programming"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ABC_Television_programming" title="Template talk:ABC Television programming"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ABC_Television_programming" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ABC Television programming"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ABC_(Australia)_local_programming_(current_and_upcoming)217" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV (Australian TV network)">ABC (Australia)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_ABC_(Australian_TV_network)" title="List of programs broadcast by ABC (Australian TV network)">local programming</a> (current and upcoming)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anh%27s_Brush_with_Fame" title="Anh's Brush with Fame">Anh's Brush with Fame</a> (since 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Assembly_(TV_series)" title="The Assembly (TV series)">The Assembly</a> (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_(TV_series)" title="Austin (TV series)">Austin</a> (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fires_(TV_series)" title="Bay of Fires (TV series)">Bay of Fires</a> (since 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalyst_(TV_program)" title="Catalyst (TV program)">Catalyst</a> (since 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Compass (Australian TV program)">Compass</a> (since 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisk_(TV_series)" title="Fisk (TV series)">Fisk</a> (since 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_Australia" title="Gardening Australia">Gardening Australia</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Designs_Transformations" title="Grand Designs Transformations">Grand Designs Transformations</a> (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruen_(TV_series)" title="Gruen (TV series)">Gruen</a> (since 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Montgomery%27s_Guy_Mont-Spelling_Bee_(Australian_TV_series)" title="Guy Montgomery's Guy Mont-Spelling Bee (Australian TV series)">Guy Montgomery's Guy Mont-Spelling Bee</a> (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Quiz" title="Hard Quiz">Hard Quiz</a> (since 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_(TV_series)" title="Harrow (TV series)">Harrow</a> (since 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Gods" title="House of Gods">House of Gods</a> (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies_in_Black_(TV_series)" title="Ladies in Black (TV series)">Ladies in Black</a> (since 2024)</li> <li>Monday's Experts (since 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_and_Son_(2023_TV_series)" title="Mother and Son (2023 TV series)">Mother and Son</a> (1984–1994, since 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muster_Dogs" title="Muster Dogs">Muster Dogs</a> (since 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Road_(TV_series)" title="Mystery Road (TV series)">Mystery Road</a> (since 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Newsreader" title="The Newsreader">The Newsreader</a> (since 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_Everything_(TV_series)" title="Question Everything (TV series)">Question Everything</a> (since 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(TV_program)" title="Rage (TV program)">Rage</a> (since 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Paradise_(2024_TV_series)" title="Return to Paradise (2024 TV series)">Return to Paradise</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicks_and_Specks_(TV_series)" title="Spicks and Specks (TV series)">Spicks and Specks</a> (2005–2011, 2014, since 2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuff_the_British_Stole" title="Stuff the British Stole">Stuff the British Stole</a> (since 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troppo_(TV_series)" title="Troppo (TV series)">Troppo</a> (since 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(Australian_TV_series)" title="Utopia (Australian TV series)">Utopia</a> (since 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_with_Charlie_Pickering" title="The Weekly with Charlie Pickering">The Weekly with Charlie Pickering</a> (since 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Ask_That" title="You Can't Ask That">You Can't Ask That</a> (since 2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">News</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7.30" title="7.30">7.30</a> (since 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> (since 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_at_Noon" title="ABC News at Noon">ABC News at Noon</a> (since 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Breakfast" title="News Breakfast">News Breakfast</a> (since 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Story" title="Australian Story">Australian Story</a> (since 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondent_(TV_series)" title="Foreign Correspondent (TV series)">Foreign Correspondent</a> (since 1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Four Corners (Australian TV program)">Four Corners</a> (since 1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insiders_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Insiders (Australian TV program)">Insiders</a> (since 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landline_(TV_series)" title="Landline (TV series)">Landline</a> (since 1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Watch_(TV_program)" title="Media Watch (TV program)">Media Watch</a> (since 1989; intermittently)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offsiders" title="Offsiders">Offsiders</a> (since 2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Plus_One_(TV_program)" title="One Plus One (TV program)">One Plus One</a> (since 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_America" title="Planet America">Planet America</a> (since 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%2BA_(Australian_talk_show)" title="Q+A (Australian talk show)">Q+A</a> (since 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Breakfast" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Breakfast">Weekend Breakfast</a> (since 2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ABC_Sport" title="ABC Sport">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offsiders" title="Offsiders">Offsiders</a> (since 2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Free-to-air_television_channels_in_Australia493" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Free-to-air_television_channels_in_Australia" title="Template:Free-to-air television channels in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Free-to-air_television_channels_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Free-to-air television channels in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Free-to-air_television_channels_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Free-to-air television channels in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Free-to-air_television_channels_in_Australia493" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_channels_in_Australia" title="List of digital television channels in Australia">television channels in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ABC Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">ABC TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_(Australian_TV_channel)#ABC_HD" title="ABC TV (Australian TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Family_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC Family (Australian TV channel)">ABC Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">ABC Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Entertains" title="ABC Entertains">ABC Entertains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="ABC News (Australian TV channel)">ABC News</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="SBS (Australian TV channel)">SBS TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)#SBS_HD" title="SBS (Australian TV channel)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Viceland" title="SBS Viceland">SBS Viceland</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_World_Movies" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Food" title="SBS Food">SBS Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">NITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcasters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/Seven_West_Media" title="Seven West Media">Seven West Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Network#7HD" title="Seven Network">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7two" title="7two">7two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7mate" title="7mate">7mate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7mate_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="7mate HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7Bravo" title="7Bravo">7Bravo‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7flix" title="7flix">7flix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/Nine_Entertainment" title="Nine Entertainment">Nine Entertainment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Network#9HD" title="Nine Network">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Gem" title="9Gem">9Gem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9Gem" title="9Gem">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Go!" title="9Go!">9Go!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Life" title="9Life">9Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Rush" title="9Rush">9Rush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Network_Holdings" title="Ten Network Holdings">Ten Network Holdings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Network_10#10_HD" title="Network 10">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Peach_Comedy" title="10 Peach Comedy">10 Peach Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Bold_Drama" title="10 Bold Drama">10 Bold Drama</a> (HD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (Australian TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_television_in_Australia" title="Regional television in Australia">Regional/remote</a> <a href="/wiki/Network_affiliate" title="Network affiliate">affiliate</a> <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Seven Network affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_(Southern_Cross_Austereo)" title="Seven (Southern Cross Austereo)">Seven (SCA)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_(Southern_Cross_Austereo)#High_definition" title="Seven (Southern Cross Austereo)">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_Television" title="WIN Television">Seven (WIN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Nine Network affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WIN_Television" title="WIN Television">Nine (WIN)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9HD" class="mw-redirect" title="9HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Austereo" title="Southern Cross Austereo">Nine (SCA)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9HD" class="mw-redirect" title="9HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imparja_Television" title="Imparja Television">Imparja Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9HD" class="mw-redirect" title="9HD">HD</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Network 10 affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WIN_Television" title="WIN Television">10 (WIN)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_(Southern_Cross_Austereo)" title="10 (Southern Cross Austereo)">10 (SCA)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDT_(TV_station)" title="TDT (TV station)">10 Tasmania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Digital_Television" title="West Digital Television">10 West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTD_(TV_station)" title="DTD (TV station)">10 Darwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDT_(TV_station)" title="CDT (TV station)">10 Central</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em"><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Broadcasting_Australia" title="First Nations Broadcasting Australia">First Nations Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Broadcasting_Australia" title="First Nations Broadcasting Australia">First Nations TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Broadcasting_Australia" title="First Nations Broadcasting Australia">Darwin TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Broadcasting_Australia" title="First Nations Broadcasting Australia">First Nations Tourism TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_Broadcasting_Australia" title="First Nations Broadcasting Australia">Business TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_television_in_Australia" title="Community television in Australia">Community</a> broadcasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Metropolitan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C31_Melbourne" title="C31 Melbourne">C31 Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_44_(Adelaide)" title="Channel 44 (Adelaide)">C44 Adelaide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11.9em">Regional/remote <a href="/wiki/Viewer_Access_Satellite_Television" title="Viewer Access Satellite Television">satellite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Community_Television" title="Indigenous Community Television">Indigenous Community TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Datacasting" title="Datacasting">Datacasting</a> and other licensed channels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extra_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Extra (Australian TV channel)">Extra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gecko_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gecko (TV channel)">gecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Gold (Australian TV channel)">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishop_TV" title="Ishop TV">ishop TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing.com" title="Racing.com">Racing.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_News_Regional" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky News Regional">Sky News Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonLife_Broadcasting_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="SonLife Broadcasting Network">SonLife Broadcasting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVSN" title="TVSN">TVSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You.tv" title="You.tv">you.tv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Australia" title="Digital terrestrial television in Australia">Digital terrestrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(Australia)" title="Freeview (Australia)">Freeview</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_Australia" title="High-definition television in Australia">High-definition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewer_Access_Satellite_Television" title="Viewer Access Satellite Television">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscription_television_in_Australia" title="Subscription television in Australia">Subscription</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting_in_Australia" title="Television broadcasting in Australia">Television broadcasting in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_television" title="Timeline of Australian television">Timeline of Australian television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNI" title="TVNI">TV Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ABC</a> <abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110343638">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159512631">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85153017">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138787399">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138787399">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007258182205171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058591312106706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14845546?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/16041332X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/194dce10-13b7-4c00-b9ba-d71ae6bdd68c">MusicBrainz label</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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