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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Purpose</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes_with_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes_with_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Footnotes with citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes_with_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_forms_of_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_forms_of_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Other forms of citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_forms_of_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Substitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Substitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Errors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Template_use_by_reference_group_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Template_use_by_reference_group_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Template use by reference group type</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Template_use_by_reference_group_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TemplateData" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TemplateData"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>TemplateData</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TemplateData-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Template</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Refn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjabloon:Refn" title="Sjabloon:Refn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjabloon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%88%88%E1%8C%A0%E1%8D%8A%E1%8B%AB:Refn" title="መለጠፊያ:Refn – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መለጠፊያ:Refn" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myenster:Refn" title="Myenster:Refn – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Myenster:Refn" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Refn" title="قالب:Refn – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قالب:Refn" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80:Refn" title="Կաղապար:Refn – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կաղապար:Refn" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8lo:Nota" title="Modèlo:Nota – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Modèlo:Nota" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C3%ADa:Refn" title="Plantía:Refn – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plantía:Refn" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembiechar%C3%A3:Refn" title="Tembiecharã:Refn – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tembiecharã:Refn" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Refn" title="Şablon:Refn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:Refn" title="شابلون:Refn – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شابلون:Refn" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal:Refn" title="Mal:Refn – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mal:Refn" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F:Refn" title="টেমপ্লেট:Refn – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টেমপ্লেট:Refn" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pang-b%C3%B4%CD%98:Refn" title="Pang-bô͘:Refn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pang-bô͘:Refn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Refn" title="Ҡалып:Refn – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡалып:Refn" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F:Refn" title="टेम्पलेट:Refn – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="टेम्पलेट:Refn" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Refn" title="Šablon:Refn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80:Refn" title="Загбар:Refn – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Загбар:Refn" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantilla:Refn" title="Plantilla:Refn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plantilla:Refn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantilya:Refn" title="Plantilya:Refn – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Plantilya:Refn" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ablona:Refn" title="Šablona:Refn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šablona:Refn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodyn:Refn" title="Nodyn:Refn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nodyn:Refn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skabelon:Refn" title="Skabelon:Refn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skabelon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%84:Refn" title="موضيل:Refn – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موضيل:Refn" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mall:Refn" title="Mall:Refn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mall:Refn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF:Refn" title="Πρότυπο:Refn – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρότυπο:Refn" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%83%D0%BD:Refn" title="ЛопаПарцун:Refn – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="ЛопаПарцун:Refn" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantilla:Refn" title="Plantilla:Refn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plantilla:Refn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Refn" title="Ŝablono:Refn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝablono:Refn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txantiloi:Refn" title="Txantiloi:Refn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txantiloi:Refn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88:%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="الگو:پانویس‌های تودرتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الگو:پانویس‌های تودرتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyrimynd:Refn" title="Fyrimynd:Refn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fyrimynd:Refn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Note" title="Modèle:Note – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modèle:Note" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berjocht:Refn" title="Berjocht:Refn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Berjocht:Refn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelo:Refn" title="Modelo:Refn – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Modelo:Refn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%8B:Refn" title="ઢાંચો:Refn – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઢાંચો:Refn" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%80:Refn" title="틀:Refn – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="틀:Refn" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samfuri:Refn" title="Samfuri:Refn – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Samfuri:Refn" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80:Refn" title="Կաղապար:Refn – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաղապար:Refn" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:Refn" title="साँचा:Refn – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="साँचा:Refn" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Refn" title="Predložak:Refn – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predložak:Refn" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantilia:Refn" title="Plantilia:Refn – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Plantilia:Refn" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Refn" title="Templat:Refn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Templat:Refn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sni%C3%B0:Refn" title="Snið:Refn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Snið:Refn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%94" title="תבנית:הערה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תבנית:הערה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cithakan:Refn" title="Cithakan:Refn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cithakan:Refn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98:Refn" title="თარგი:Refn – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თარგი:Refn" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:Refn" title="Үлгі:Refn – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үлгі:Refn" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingero:Refn" title="Ingero:Refn – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ingero:Refn" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Refn" title="Modèl:Refn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Modèl:Refn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Refn" title="Şablon:Refn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF:Refn" title="Калып:Refn – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калып:Refn" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veidne:Refn" title="Veidne:Refn – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veidne:Refn" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sablon:Refn" title="Sablon:Refn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF:Refn" title="आकृति:Refn – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आकृति:Refn" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:Refn" title="قالب:Refn – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قالب:Refn" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:Refn" title="ထာမ်ပလိက်:Refn – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ထာမ်ပလိက်:Refn" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86:%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="شابلون:پانویس‌های تودرتو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="شابلون:پانویس‌های تودرتو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templat:Refn" title="Templat:Refn – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Templat:Refn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA:Refn" title="တမ်းပလိတ်:Refn – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တမ်းပလိတ်:Refn" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjabloon:Refn" title="Sjabloon:Refn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjabloon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:Refn" title="ढाँचा:Refn – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ढाँचा:Refn" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refnest" title="Template:Refnest – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Template:Refnest" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BF:Refn" title="Кеп:Refn – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кеп:Refn" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal:Refn" title="Mal:Refn – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mal:Refn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal:Refn" title="Mal:Refn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mal:Refn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Refn" title="Modèl:Refn – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Modèl:Refn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andoza:Refn" title="Andoza:Refn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Andoza:Refn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Refn" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Refn – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਰਮਾ:Refn" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA:Refn" title="တမ်းပလေက်:Refn – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တမ်းပလေက်:Refn" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szablon:Refn" title="Szablon:Refn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Refn" title="Predefinição:Refn – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Predefinição:Refn" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Refn" title="Format:Refn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Format:Refn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0:Refn" title="Шаблона:Refn – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Шаблона:Refn" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:Refn" title="سانچو:Refn – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سانچو:Refn" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/iThempleti:Refn" title="iThempleti:Refn – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="iThempleti:Refn" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predloga:Sklicop" title="Predloga:Sklicop – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predloga:Sklicop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%95:Refn" title="داڕێژە:Refn – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داڕێژە:Refn" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Refn" title="Šablon:Refn – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malline:Refn" title="Malline:Refn – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malline:Refn" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mall:Refn" title="Mall:Refn – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mall:Refn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padron:Refn" title="Padron:Refn – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Padron:Refn" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81:Refn" title="வார்ப்புரு:Refn – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வார்ப்புரு:Refn" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal%C9%A3a:Refn" title="Talɣa:Refn – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Talɣa:Refn" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%82%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B5%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89:Refn" title="ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Refn – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ထႅမ်းပလဵတ်ႉ:Refn" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Refn" title="Şablon:Refn – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Refn" title="Şablon:Refn – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şablon:Refn" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Refn" title="Шаблон:Refn – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаблон:Refn" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%DB%81:Refn" title="سانچہ:Refn – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سانچہ:Refn" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:Refn" title="Bản mẫu:Refn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bản mẫu:Refn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Refnest" title="模板:Refnest – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="模板:Refnest" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ref" title="Template:Ref – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Template:Ref" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" title="Template:Refn – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Template:Refn" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Refnest" title="Template:Refnest – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Template:Refnest" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B9:Refn" title="ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:Refn – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴹ:Refn" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17488269#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Refn" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Template:Refn" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17488269" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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href="/wiki/Special:Purge/Template:Refn" title="Special:Purge/Template:Refn">purge</a>]</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/60px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Ambox_warning_yellow.svg/80px-Ambox_warning_yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="334" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This template is used on <a class="external text" href="https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=en.wikipedia.org&page=Template%3ARefn#transclusions">approximately 36,000 pages</a></b> and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/sandbox" title="Template:Refn/sandbox">/sandbox</a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/testcases" title="Template:Refn/testcases">/testcases</a> subpages, or in your own <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages#SUB" title="Wikipedia:User pages">user subpage</a>. Consider discussing changes on the <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Refn" title="Template talk:Refn">talk page</a> before implementing them.</td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purpose">Purpose</h3></div> <p>This template is used to <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">create footnotes in Wikipedia</a>, as an alternative and complement to the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code>. <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Cite#Substitution_and_embedded_parser_functions" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Cite">Because of a technical limitation</a>, some of the standard Wikipedia markup elements that are often used in the article prose do not work within a set of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>...<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> tags, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">the pipe trick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">template substitution</a> and another "nested" set of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>...<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> tags. For example, the following does not work as expected: </p> <ol><li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>[[</span><span class="nn">Help</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">Footnotes</span><span class="p">|]]</</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> (Generates: [[Help:Footnotes|]] instead of a wikilink)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>{{</span><span class="nn">SUBST</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">TODAY</span><span class="p">}}</</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> (Generates: {{SUBST:TODAY}} instead of the date that the edit was made)</li> <li><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>Explanatory footnote<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>Citation<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> (Generates: <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #CC0000;">Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_included_ref" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error included ref">help page</a>).</span> </ref>)</li></ol> <p>Replacing the outermost <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>...<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> set with <span class="nowrap">{{<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Refn</a>}}</span> allows for the use of the markup elements listed above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3></div> <p><span class="nowrap"><code>{{refn|group=groupname|name=name|Contents of the footnote}}</code></span> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>groupname</b>: Groupname per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFGROUP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFGROUP">WP:REFGROUP</a>; if not specified, then the main and nested references will be rendered into the same reference list</li> <li><b>name</b>: Reference name per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFNAME">WP:REFNAME</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Names for footnotes and groups must follow these rules: </p> <ul><li>Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.</li> <li>Names <strong>must not</strong> be purely numeric; the software will accept something like <code>":31337"</code> (which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore <code>"31337"</code> (purely numeric).</li> <li>Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like <code>"Nguyen 2010"</code> are preferred to names like <code>":31337"</code>.</li> <li>Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as <code>":0"</code> or <code>"NYT"</code>.</li> <li>Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard <a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet">English alphabet</a> and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant: <ul><li>Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters <code>A–Z</code>, <code>a–z</code>, digits <code>0–9</code>, and the symbols <code style="word-break: break-all;">!$%&()*,-.:;<@[]^_`{|}~</code>. That is, all printable ASCII characters except <code style="word-break: break-all;">#"'/=<>?\</code> and space.</li> <li>Inclusion of any other characters, <em>including spaces</em>, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example, <code>name="John Smith"</code>. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (<code><</code>) or a double straight quote symbol (<code>"</code>), which may however be included by <a href="/wiki/Escape_sequence" title="Escape sequence">escaping</a> as <code>&lt;</code> and <code>&quot;</code> respectively.</li> <li>The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (<code>"</code>); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.</li></ul></li> <li>You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Footnotes_with_citations">Footnotes with citations</h4></div> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; "><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>An example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>first<span class="p">|</span>A note.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>An included reference.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>}}</span> Another example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span>Another note.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>Another included reference.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>}}</span> A third example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span>The third note.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>The reference in the third note.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>}}</span> Repeating the first example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>first<span class="p">}}</span> <span class="gu">==Notes==</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">}}</span> <span class="gu">==References==</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">}}</span> </pre></div></pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>An example.<sup id="cite_ref-first_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third example.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeating the first example.<sup id="cite_ref-first_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236298596">.mw-parser-output .fake-heading{color:var(--color-emphasized,#000000);background:none;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:0.17em;page-break-after:avoid;padding-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h1,.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h2{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.25em;margin-top:1em;padding:0;font-family:"Linux Libertine","Georgia","Times","Source Serif Pro",serif;line-height:1.375}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h1,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h2{font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h1,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h2{border-bottom:3px solid #c8ccd1}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h1{font-size:1.8em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h1{font-size:2em}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h2{font-size:1.5em}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h2{font-size:1.8em}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h3,.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h4,.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h5,.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h6{font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.3em;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;line-height:1.6}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h3{font-size:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .fake-heading.h4{font-size:100%}</style><div class="fake-heading h3">Notes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-first-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-first_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A note.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another note.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The third note.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236298596"><div class="fake-heading h3">References</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An included reference.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another included reference.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reference in the third note.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_forms_of_citations">Other forms of citations</h4></div> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; "><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>An example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>first<span class="p">|</span>A note.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>The reference in the first note.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>}}</span> Another example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>ref<span class="p">|</span>Another reference, but without a note.<span class="p">}}</span> A third example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span>A second note.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>The reference in the second note.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>}}</span> Repeating the first example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>first<span class="p">}}</span> Repeating the second example.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>ref<span class="p">}}</span> A fourth example with citation templates.<span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">name</span><span class="o">=</span>harv<span class="p">|{{</span><span class="nt">cite book</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">author</span><span class="o">=</span>Smith<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">title</span><span class="o">=</span>The Solar System<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">year</span><span class="o">=</span>2005<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">mode</span><span class="o">=</span>cs2<span class="p">}}</span>, quoted in <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">harvnb</span><span class="p">|</span>Jones<span class="p">|</span>2020<span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">p</span><span class="o">=</span>25<span class="p">}}</span>.<span class="p">}}</span> <span class="gu">==Notes==</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">group</span><span class="o">=</span>note<span class="p">}}</span> <span class="gu">==References==</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">}}</span> </pre></div></pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>An example.<sup id="cite_ref-first_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third example.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeating the first example.<sup id="cite_ref-first_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repeating the second example.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fourth example with citation templates.<sup id="cite_ref-harv_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harv-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236298596"><div class="fake-heading h3">Notes</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-first-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-first_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A note.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A second note.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236298596"><div class="fake-heading h3">References</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reference in the first note.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Another reference, but without a note.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The reference in the second note.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harv-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harv_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2005" class="citation book cs2">Smith (2005), <i>The Solar System</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Solar+System&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Smith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemplate%3ARefn" class="Z3988"></span>, quoted in <a href="#CITEREFJones2020">Jones 2020</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Substitution">Substitution</h4></div> <p>The first example shows that substitution does not work in a regular <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span>...<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span></code> tag (the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> does not appear correctly). The second example shows that the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|access-date=</code> is substituted correctly within <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">refn</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; "><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">>{{</span><span class="nt">cite web</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">access-date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nn">Subst</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">TODAY</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">title</span><span class="o">=</span>Languages <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">work</span><span class="o">=</span>Apache HTTP Server <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">agency</span><span class="o">=</span>Ohloh <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">publisher</span><span class="o">=</span> Black Duck Software <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">url</span><span class="o">=</span>https://www.ohloh.net/p/apache/analyses/latest/languages_summary<span class="p">}}</</span><span class="nt">ref</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">}}</span> </pre></div></pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohloh.net/p/apache/analyses/latest/languages_summary">"Languages"</a>. <i>Apache HTTP Server</i>. Black Duck Software. Ohloh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved {{Subst:TODAY}}</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apache+HTTP+Server&rft.atitle=Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohloh.net%2Fp%2Fapache%2Fanalyses%2Flatest%2Flanguages_summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemplate%3ARefn" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; "><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">refn</span><span class="p">|{{</span><span class="nt">cite web</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">access-date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nn">Subst</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">TODAY</span><span class="p">}}</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">title</span><span class="o">=</span>Languages <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">work</span><span class="o">=</span>Apache HTTP Server <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">agency</span><span class="o">=</span>Ohloh <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">publisher</span><span class="o">=</span> Black Duck Software <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl">url</span><span class="o">=</span>https://www.ohloh.net/p/apache/analyses/latest/languages_summary<span class="p">}}}}</span> <span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">reflist</span><span class="p">}}</span> </pre></div></pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohloh.net/p/apache/analyses/latest/languages_summary">"Languages"</a>. <i>Apache HTTP Server</i>. Black Duck Software. Ohloh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apache+HTTP+Server&rft.atitle=Languages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohloh.net%2Fp%2Fapache%2Fanalyses%2Flatest%2Flanguages_summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATemplate%3ARefn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errors">Errors</h3></div> <p>If the reference or note content is missing, then Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; refs with no name must have content. will be displayed. </p><p>If the note content contains an equals sign (<code>=</code>), the equals sign will be interpreted as setting off a named parameter and cause an error. This can be worked around by <a href="/wiki/Help:Template#Usage_hints_and_workarounds" title="Help:Template">using a numbered parameter</a>, for example: </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">{{refn|1+1=2}}</pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error">Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page without content in them (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_ref_no_input" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error ref no input">help page</a>).</span> </p> </div>  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">{{refn|1= 1+1=2}}</pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1+1=2</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <span class="anchor" id="footnotes_predefined_groups"></span> There are several predefined groups that can have a reference list styled so that the label (a superscripted character within square brackets, e.g., <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255586131">.mw-parser-output .fakelinks{color:var(--color-progressive,#0645ad);cursor:default}.mw-parser-output .fakelinks:hover{color:var(--color-progressive--hover,#0645ad)}</style><sup class="reference nowrap ltr fakelinks">[1]</sup>) of an <a href="/wiki/Help:Explanatory_notes" title="Help:Explanatory notes">explanatory note</a> or citation (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> footnote, reference) matches and links to the note marker label located in the main text and the label in front of the note's text in the appropriate group's list. There can be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Separating_citations_from_explanatory_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">more than one of these groups' lists</a> in the Notes, References and other similarly purposed sections. </p><p>These predefined note and citation groups have templates that make the <a href="/wiki/Wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext">wikitext</a> markup simpler. These templates also allow a standard reference to be inserted, so that an explanatory note can have a reference, or citations can be nested. </p><p><b>Note:</b> If the note's text has a reference name that is used more than once, the labels will still match, but the clickable alpha characters (superscript lowercase letters like <sup><i><b>a b c</b></i></sup>) that toggle the note's display<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague.">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> will be <i>next to</i> the note's label, with links to the multiple locations of its marker in the main text. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes#Footnotes:_using_a_source_more_than_once" title="Help:Footnotes">WP:REFNAME</a> and the first point below in <a href="#Issues">§ Issues</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Template_use_by_reference_group_type">Template use by reference group type</h3></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th>Group type</th> <th>Footnote marker template<br />or markup</th> <th>Reference list<br /> template</th> <th>Sample labels </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><i>none by default,<br />but optionally any</i></td> <td><code class="nowrap" style=""><ref>...</ref></code> </td> <td rowspan="3"><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code> </td> <td rowspan="3">1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a>}}</code> (for nested references) </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>{{<a class="mw-selflink selflink">refn</a>}}</code> (for nested references) </td></tr> <tr> <td>lower-alpha</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code><br /><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-la" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Efn-la">efn-la</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist" title="Template:Notelist">notelist</a>}}</code><br /><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-la" title="Template:Notelist-la">notelist-la</a>}}</code></td> <td>a b c d e f g h i j </td></tr> <tr> <td>upper-alpha</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-ua" title="Template:Efn-ua">efn-ua</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-ua" title="Template:Notelist-ua">notelist-ua</a>}}</code></td> <td>A B C D E F G H I J </td></tr> <tr> <td>lower-roman</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-lr" title="Template:Efn-lr">efn-lr</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-lr" title="Template:Notelist-lr">notelist-lr</a>}}</code></td> <td>i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x </td></tr> <tr> <td>upper-roman</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-ur" title="Template:Efn-ur">efn-ur</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-ur" title="Template:Notelist-ur">notelist-ur</a>}}</code></td> <td>I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X </td></tr> <tr> <td>lower-greek</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn-lg" title="Template:Efn-lg">efn-lg</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist-lg" title="Template:Notelist-lg">notelist-lg</a>}}</code></td> <td>α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ </td></tr> <tr> <td>note</td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:NoteTag" title="Template:NoteTag">NoteTag</a>}}</code></td> <td><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:NoteFoot" title="Template:NoteFoot">NoteFoot</a>}}</code></td> <td>note 1 note 2 note 3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> supports <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|name=</code> and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code>, which work the same as the parameters in <code class="nowrap" style=""><ref></code> (see, for instance, the 3rd and 4th examples below). Do not enclose values in quotes.</li> <li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Notelist" title="Template:Notelist">notelist</a>}}</code> supports the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|colwidth=</code>, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|refs=</code>, and <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code> parameters, which work the same as the parameters in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code>. Do not enclose values in quotes.</li></ul> <p>In these examples, the footnote labels match between the footnote marker and the reference list: </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <caption><b>With lower-alpha labels</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|Footnote 3}} {{notelist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consectetur adipisicing elit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 3</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <caption><b>With lower-roman labels</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn-lr|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn-lr|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn-lr|Footnote 3}} {{notelist-lr}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consectetur adipisicing elit.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 3</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <caption><b>With named references</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1|Footnote 1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|Footnote 2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist}} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consectetur adipisicing elit.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Footnote 2</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Note</b>: With named references you only need to add the details once. For each use after the first you just need to re-use the reference name. Doing this will not cause the inline superscript to display a custom name. </p> <table style="margin-top:0;margin-left:0; border-width:medium; padding:0;"> <caption><b>Named references can also be defined in the notelist</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Markup</th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%;">Renders as  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:9px 5px 5px; vertical-align:top;"><pre style="margin:0; border:none; padding:0; word-wrap:break-word; white-space:-moz-pre-wrap; white-space:-o-pre-wrap; white-space:-pre-wrap; white-space:pre-wrap; ">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.{{efn|name=fn1}} Consectetur adipisicing elit.{{efn|name=fn2}} Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{efn|name=fn1}} {{notelist|refs= {{efn|name=fn1|Very long footnote 1}} {{efn|name=fn2|Very long footnote 2}} }} </pre> </td> <td style="background:#f8f9fa; background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:var(--color-base, #000); border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"><div style=""> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consectetur adipisicing elit.<sup id="cite_ref-fn2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Very long footnote 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Very long footnote 2</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td> <td style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Note</b>: Due to limitations in the MediaWiki software, do not use list-defined footnotes that contain references. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Issues">Issues</h3></div> <ul><li>Multiple backlink labels (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:REFNAME" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:REFNAME">WP:REFNAME</a>) are always styled as lower-alpha. This can be confusing when <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> is used. See the note in the introduction of <a href="#footnotes_predefined_groups">this section</a>, above.</li> <li>The entries in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if: <ul><li>The value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code> in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code> or <code class="nowrap" style=""><references /></code> does not exactly match one of the predefined values; use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> or variant as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code> will not be needed.</li> <li>The value for <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code> in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code> or <code class="nowrap" style=""><references /></code> is enclosed by quotes; use <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Efn" title="Template:Efn">efn</a>}}</code> or variant as <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|group=</code> will not be needed.</li> <li><code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code> is indented with the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">:</code> markup.</li> <li><code class="nowrap" style=""><references /></code> is used instead of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">reflist</a>}}</code></li></ul></li> <li>The entries in the reference list will have no styling if: <ul><li>A reference is included in <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox" title="Template:Navbox">navbox</a>}}</code> or one of the variants and the style is set to <code>bodyclass=hlist</code>; to resolve this, replace the style with <code>listclass=hlist</code>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="See_also">See also</h3></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:R" title="Template:R">r</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (another template supporting nested footnotes)</li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Citeref" title="Template:Citeref">citeref</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (a different method to create nested links working on citation template anchor level rather than <ref></ref> markup level)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_referencing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template talk:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia referencing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_referencing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Wikipedia referencing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policies and guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scientific_citation_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines">Scientific citations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General advice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">Citation needed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Combining_sources" title="Wikipedia:Combining sources">Combining sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offline_sources" title="Wikipedia:Offline sources">Offline sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Overview_of_referencing_styles" title="Help:Overview of referencing styles">Referencing styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_2" title="Help:Citation Style 2">Citation Style 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_Vancouver" title="Help:Citation Style Vancouver">Citation Style Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bluebook_style_citation_templates" title="Category:Bluebook style citation templates">Bluebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comics_citation_templates" title="Category:Comics citation templates">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation">Inline citations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Punctuation_and_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Punctuation and footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">Shortened footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nesting_footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Nesting footnotes">Nesting footnotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Help for beginners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reftags" title="Help:Reftags">Reference-tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations quick reference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to referencing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_with_citation_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners with citation templates">Referencing with citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners_without_using_templates" title="Help:Referencing for beginners without using templates">Referencing without using templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">Referencing dos and don'ts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Citing Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced help</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_link_labels" title="Help:Cite link labels">Cite link labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_merging" title="Help:Citation merging">Citation merging (bundling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_messages" title="Help:Cite messages">Cite messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Converting_between_references_formats" title="Help:Converting between references formats">Converting between references formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reference_display_customization" title="Help:Reference display customization">Reference display customization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_on_source_reviewing_at_FAC" title="Wikipedia:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC">Guidance on source reviewing at FAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Footnote_templates" title="Category:Footnote templates">Footnote templates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_Style_documentation" title="Template:Citation Style documentation">Citation Style documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiple_references" class="mw-disambig" title="Template:Multiple references">Multiple references</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Reflist</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Refbegin" title="Template:Refbegin">Refbegin</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Find_sources" title="Help:Find sources">Find references </a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FIND" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FIND">How to find sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_bibliographies" title="Wikipedia:List of bibliographies">Bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Wikipedia Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Resource_Exchange/Resource_Request" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request">Resource Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference Desk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Book_sources" title="Wikipedia:Book sources">Book Sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Free_English_newspaper_sources" title="Wikipedia:Free English newspaper sources">Free newspaper sources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a><br />(External links)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://citer.toolforge.org/">Citer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumsearch.org/cite/">Biomedical cite</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/">Citation bot</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/makeref/">MakeRef</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://refill.toolforge.org/ng/">Refill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/">WayBack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TemplateData">TemplateData</h2></div> <div class="templatedata-header">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TemplateData" title="Wikipedia:TemplateData">TemplateData</a> for this template used by <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TemplateWizard" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TemplateWizard">TemplateWizard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> and other tools. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template=Refn">See a monthly parameter usage report</a> for <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Template:Refn</a> in articles based on its TemplateData. <p><b>TemplateData for Refn</b> </p> </div> <section class="mw-templatedata-doc-wrap"><header><p class="mw-templatedata-doc-desc">This template is used to create footnotes in Wikipedia, as an alternative and complement to the <ref> tag.</p></header><table class="wikitable mw-templatedata-doc-params sortable"><caption><p class="mw-templatedata-caption">Template parameters<span class="mw-editsection-like"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Refn/doc&action=edit&templatedata=edit" title="Template:Refn/doc">Edit template data</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></p><p><span class="oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-template-format-inline oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement-invisible oo-ui-iconWidget"></span><span class="mw-templatedata-format">This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.</span></p></caption><thead><tr><th colspan="2">Parameter</th><th>Description</th><th>Type</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>content</th><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-name"><code>1</code> <code class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-alias">refn</code></td><td><p>The content of the footnote.</p><dl></dl></td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-type">Content</td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-status-required" data-sort-value="2">required</td></tr><tr><th>name</th><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-name"><code>name</code></td><td><p>The name of the footnote. Corresponds to the "name" attribute of the <ref> tag.</p><dl></dl></td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-type">String</td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-status-optional" data-sort-value="0">optional</td></tr><tr><th>group</th><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-name"><code>group</code></td><td><p>The reference group. Corresponds to the "group" attribute on the <ref> tag.</p><dl></dl></td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-type">String</td><td class="mw-templatedata-doc-param-status-optional" data-sort-value="0">optional</td></tr></tbody></table></section> <div class="documentation-clear"></div> </div> <div role="note" class="documentation-metadata plainlinks">The above <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">documentation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/doc" title="Template:Refn/doc">Template:Refn/doc</a>. <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/doc" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/doc">edit</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Template:Refn/doc" title="Special:PageHistory/Template:Refn/doc">history</a>)</span><br />Editors can experiment in this template's <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/sandbox" title="Template:Refn/sandbox">sandbox</a> <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/sandbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/sandbox">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AComparePages&page1=Template%3ARefn&page2=Template%3ARefn%2Fsandbox">diff</a>)</span> and <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/testcases" title="Template:Refn/testcases">testcases</a> <span class="documentation-toolbar">(<a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/testcases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Refn/testcases">edit</a>)</span> pages.<br />Add categories to the <a href="/wiki/Template:Refn/doc" title="Template:Refn/doc">/doc</a> subpage. <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Refn/" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Refn/">Subpages of this template</a>.</div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Refn&oldid=1099257445">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Refn&oldid=1099257445</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Footnote_templates" title="Category:Footnote templates">Footnote templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Templates_that_generate_named_references" title="Category:Templates that generate named references">Templates that generate named references</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_template-protected_templates" title="Category:Wikipedia template-protected templates">Wikipedia template-protected templates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Templates_needing_substitution_checking" title="Category:Templates needing substitution checking">Templates needing substitution checking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Templates_using_TemplateData" title="Category:Templates using TemplateData">Templates using TemplateData</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 July 2022, at 20:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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